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Classification of Elements and Periodicity in Properties

The document discusses the modern periodic table, which arranges elements based on their atomic number rather than mass. It consists of 7 periods and 18 groups that organize elements based on their valence electrons. Metals are found on the left side while non-metals are on the right, with metalloids in between exhibiting some properties of both. Periodic trends allow properties to be predicted based on an element's position.

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Nirvana Adithya Visiobibliophobiatic Guy
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164 views2 pages

Classification of Elements and Periodicity in Properties

The document discusses the modern periodic table, which arranges elements based on their atomic number rather than mass. It consists of 7 periods and 18 groups that organize elements based on their valence electrons. Metals are found on the left side while non-metals are on the right, with metalloids in between exhibiting some properties of both. Periodic trends allow properties to be predicted based on an element's position.

Uploaded by

Nirvana Adithya Visiobibliophobiatic Guy
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Classification of Elements and Periodicity in Properties

Limitations of Mendeleevs periodic table

It failed to explain the position of hydrogen.


It was not able to explain the position of isotopes.
In the table some elements having higher mass were kept before the elements having
lesser atomic mass.

Modern periodic law states that the properties of elements are a periodic function of their atomic
numbers, not their atomic masses.

The modern periodic table consists of 7 periods and 18 groups. Elements having the same
valence shell are present in the same period. Elements having the same number of valence
electrons are present in the same group. Metals are present on the right-hand side of the periodic
table, whereas non-metals are present on the left-hand side of the periodic table.

Group 1, 2 and 13-18: Representative elements

Group 3-12: Transition elements

Period 6: Elements with atomic numbers 58-71: Lanthanoids

Period 7: Elements with atomic numbers 90-103: Actinoids

s-block elements: Group 1 (alkali metals) and 2 elements (alkaline earth metals) having
ns1 and ns2 outermost electronic configuration respectively
p-block elements: Elements belonging to Group 13 to 18; the outermost electronic
configuration varies from ns2np1 to ns2np6

Elements of Group 16, 17, and 18 are called chalcogens, halogens, and noble gases
respectively.

d-block elements: Elements belonging to Group 3 to 12

The general electronic configuration is (n1)d110ns02.They are also called transition


metals.

f-block elements (Inner-transition metals): Lanthanoids and actinoids, with outermost


electronic configuration (n-2)f114(n1)d01ns2

Metals, non-metals, and metalloids:

1. Metals are present on the left side of the periodic table and non-metals are located at the
top right hand side of the periodic table.
2. The elements that exhibit properties of both metals and non-metals are called metalloids or
semi-metals.

Periodic trends:

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