P1: GHM

0521609992ans.xml CUAT007-EVANS July 19, 2006 20:51

Answers
Chapter 1


3
10 a 1 b 3 c d 3
3
Exercise 1A
1
17 4 17 1
5 11 a b c d
iii 4 4
1 a i 4 ii 3
2 17 17

  7 21 2 7 3 3
iv v vi 12 a b c d
12 18 4 7 7 2 2
b i 225
ii 120
105
iii 2 5
13 a ,
iv 330 v 260 165
vi 3 3
2 a i 0.12c ii 1.75c 0.44c
iii  4 7 10 13 16
b , , , , ,
iv 0.89c v 3.60c 7.16c
vi 9 9 9 9 9 9

b i 97.40 ii 49.85 iii 160.43 3  5 9 13

v 171.89
509.93 c d , , ,
5.73
iv vi 2 8 8 8 8
3 2 1
3a b c 14 a f (x) = sin 2x, x [0, 2]
2 2 2
y
2 2 3
d e f
2 2 2
1
3 3 1
g h i
2 2 2
2 1 3
4a b c 0 x
2 2 2
3 5 3 7 2
1 2 3
d e f 4 2 4 4 2 4

2 2 2
3 3 1
5a b
2 3
    
51 51
6a b b f (x) = cos x + ,x ,
10 7 3 3
y
3 3
7a b
2 3 ,1
3
91 3 91 1
8a b
10 91 1
4 5   7 4 2
9a , b , , ,
3 3 6 3 6 3 x
 2 4 5 5 3 10 2
c , , , d ,
3 3 3 3 6 2 3 2 6 3
 4  2 3 5 1
e 0, , , , 2 f , , , 1 ,
3 3 2 3 2 3 2

538
P1: GHM
0521609992ans.xml CUAT007-EVANS July 19, 2006 20:51

Answers 539
    c y
c f (x) = cos 2 x + , x [0, ]

Answers
3
y

1 (, 23)
23
x
O 7 5
0 x
5 2 11 12 3 12 6
1 6 12 3 12
2 1
1 ,
2
d y
d f (x) = 2 sin(3x) + 1, x [0, ]
y

11 7 (, 23 2)
3 23 2 12 24 12
x
2 O 23
1 24
(, 1)
2
0 x
7 11 5
1 6 18 18 6
 
e f (x) = 2 sin x + 3, x [0, 2]
y 4 Exercise 1B

5 89 8 89
2 + 3 1 a tan x = 85 , cos x = , sin x =
89 89

3 5 6 2 6
7 (2, 3 2)
b tan x = , cos x = , sin x = 57
12 7
3 2 4 2
x 4 2 4 2
3 2 0 3 19 23 c tan x = , cos x = 79 , sin x =
7 9
4 12 12 20 3
y
2a6 b6 2 c
15 a 3

3 a a = 26
b a = 5, b = 6, c = 7 ca=1
d a = 2, b = 3, c = 3, d = 6
3 3 1+ 3
4 a a = 2, w = ,x= ,
x 2 2
O 3 31
4 2 4
y= , z = 15
2
6 2
b sin(15 ) = ,
4
2+ 6
cos(15 ) = , tan(15 ) = 2 3
b y 4
2+ 6
c sin(75 ) = ,
4
6 2
cos(75 ) = ,
4
1
tan(75 ) = =2+ 3
x 2 3
O 5
3 3 6 (, 3) Exercise 1C
1 a 11.67 cm b 9.62 cm
2 a 7.15 cm b 50.43
3 16.71 cm
4 a 58.08 , 121.92 b 10.01 cm, 4.09 cm
P1: GHM
0521609992ans.xml CUAT007-EVANS July 19, 2006 20:51

540 Essential Specialist Mathematics

 2  2
Answers
5 a 6.71 cm 3 a x + 14 + y + 14 = 1
8
b 121.33 (acute angle produces inconsistent y
triangle)
6 6 6 cm 7 7 cm 8 30.10 12
0
x
9 5 3 39 10 a 54.90 b 100.95

Exercise 1D 12
14 , 14
1 a = 82, x = 30, y = 30, z = 82  2
2 a 75 b 62 c 100 d 43 b x + 32 + (y 2)2 = 49
4
3 a = 40, b = 90, c = 50 y
4 a 150 b 15 32 , 2
5 a = 69, b = 47, c = 75, d = 28, e = 36 2 + 10
6 a b + c + 180 7 x = 80, y = 140 1
(33 3)
8 a = 60, b = 80, c = 60, d = 40 0
2
9 x = 70, y = 110 10 x = 30, y = 60 1
x
2
(3 + 33) 2 10

Exercise 1E c (x + 4)2 + (y 5)2 = 25

y
1 t2 = 17, t3 = 50, t8 = 12 029
2 y2 = 16
y3 = 38 8
(4, 5)
y10 = 5626
yn 2
x
6000 (10, 5626) 4 0
5000
4000 (9, 2810) d (x 4)2 + (y 5)2 = 25
(6, 346)
(5, 170)

3000 y
(4, 82)
(3, 38)
(2, 16)
(1, 5)

2000 (8, 1402)

1000 (7, 698)
8
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 n (4, 5)
3 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55
4 210 5 34 2 x
410 0 4
6 a 20 b 45 c 7 
5 5 2 9
7 9840 8 a(2 + 2) e (x 2)2 + y + =
 4 16
 10  y
9 a 4 1 34
9
b i 2 < x < 2 ii 2 10 0
1 x
10 a
1 sin 
 5 5
b + 2k, + 2k, k Z 2,
6 6 4


Exercise 1F 3 2 439
f (x + 1)2 + y =
2 12
y
1 a (x 2)2 + (y 3)2 = 1
b (x + 3)2 + (y 4)2 = 25 3 3 1 427
c x2 + (y + 5)2 = 25 1, 2 +
2 2 3
d (x 3)2 + y2 = 2
103
2 a centre (2, 3) radius 1 3
1
b centre (1, 2)radius 2 x
103 0
c centre 32 , 0 radius 32 1 3 3 1 427
2
2 3
d centre (2, 5) radius 2
P1: GHM
0521609992ans.xml CUAT007-EVANS July 19, 2006 20:51

Answers 541

4 a x2 + y2 16 5 centre (5, 3), radius 10

Answers
y 6 (x 2)2 + (y + 3)2 = 9
7 (x 5)2 + (y 4)2 = 13
4 8 4x2 + 4y2 60x 76y + 536 = 0 has centre
 15 19  5 2
2
, 2 and radius
x 2
4 0 4 x + y2 10x 14y + 49 = 0 has centre
2

(5, 7) and radius 5

4 Points

of intersection


are (5, 12) and(10, 7)

5 2 5 2 5 2 5 2
b x2 + y2 9 9a , , ,
2 2 2 2
y
b ( 5, 2 5), ( 5, 2 5)
3

Exercise 1G
x
3 0 3 x2 y2
1a + = 1, centre (0, 0)
9 16
3 y

c (x 2)2 + (y 2)2 < 4 4

y
x
3 0 3

2 4
2 2
x y
x b + = 1, centre (0, 0)
0 2 16 25
y

d (x 3)2 + (y + 2)2 > 16 5

y

x
7 2 3 + 23 4 0 4
x
0
3 23
(3, 2) 5
2 7 (x 4)2
(y 1)2
c + = 1, centre (4, 1)
9 16
y
e x2 + y2 16 and x 2
y
(4, 1)
4 x=2 0 x
x 3 15 3 15
4 4+
4 0 2 4 4 4

4
(y 2)2
d x2 + = 1, centre (0, 2)
f x2 + y2 9 and y 1 9
y
y
5
3

3 0 3 x 2
1 y = 1 0
x
3 5 5
1
3 3
P1: GHM
0521609992ans.xml CUAT007-EVANS July 19, 2006 20:51

Answers 542 Essential Specialist Mathematics

(x 3)2 (y 2)2 x2 y2
e + = 1, centre (3, 2) 2a = 1, asymptotes y = 34 x
25 y
9 16 9
y
22 3 3
5
y= x y= x
(3, 2) 4 4

0 x
5 5 5 5
3 2 3+
3 3 4 4
5 x
0
x2 y2
f + = 1, centre (0, 0)
25 9 y

3
y2 x2
b = 1, asymptotes y = 43 x
x 16 9
5 0 5 y
3

(x + 2)2 (y 1)2
g + = 1, centre (2, 1) y=4x y= 4
x
9 y
5 3 3
4
8 x
3 6 5
0
(2, 1) 2 +
5 4
0 x
6 5 2
2
5 3
(x 1)2 (y + 2)2
h + = 1, centre (1, 2)
25 16 x2 y2
y c = 1, asymptotes y = x
4 4
8 6 y
5 3 2 +
1 5
2 y = x y=x
x
0
5 3
(1, 2) 1+
2
8 6
2
5 2 2 x
(x 2) (y 3)
2 2
0
i + = 1, centre (2, 3)
4 9
y

x2 y2
3 d = 1, asymptotes y = 2x
2 4
y
x y = 2x
0 2

(x 2)2 (y 1)2
j + = 1, centre (2, 1)
8 y 4
2 2 x
0
1+ 2
(2, 1)
2 6 0 x
1 2 2+ 6
y = 2x
P1: GHM
0521609992ans.xml CUAT007-EVANS July 19, 2006 20:51

Answers 543

(x 2)2 (y + 1)2 y

Answers
e = 1, asymptotes y=
7

3
x 3 1
16 4 4 4 y=
4
x+
4
y = 12 x 2 y = 12 x
7
y 4
1 4 10
(3, 1) 1 1+ (5, 1)
1 1 4 3
y= x y= x2 x
2 2 410 1 01 7
1
2 25 0 2 4 2+ 25 3 3 3
x
(2, 1) 1 (6, 1)

x2 y2
j = 1, asymptotes
16 25
5
(x 5)2 (y 3)2 y= x
f = 1, asymptotes 4 y
25 9
5 5
y = 5x
3
y = 6 35 x y= x
4
y= x
4
y
3
y= x
5

6 x
4 0 4
5 52 3 5 + 52
x
0 5 10
y=63 x
5

(x 2)2 (y 3)2


g = 1, asymptotes 2 3 3 2 3 3
4 9 3a , , ,
3 3 3 3
y = 32 x y = 6 32 x


y
2 2
b 2, , 2,

2 2
3
y=
2
x 

6 13 6 13 6 13 6 13
6 5 , , , ,
13 13 13 13
3


6 13 6 13 6 13 6 13
2 22 2 + 22
x , , ,
0 2 4
13 13 13 13



5 2 5 2
3
y=6 x 6 2 2, , 2 2,
2 2 2
7 y
4(x 1)2 (y 1)2 y = x x2 + y2 = 9 y=x
h = 1, asymptotets
3 3
y = 2x 1 y = 3 2x 3
y 0
x
y = 2x 1 3 3

3 3
2
3 x 2 y2 = 9
1 1+ ,1
0 2
x 8 a x2 y2 1
3 1 3 2 y
1 ,1
2 2
y = x y=x

y = 3 2x
1
x
(x 1) 2
(y 1) 2 1 0 1
i = 1, asymptotes 1
16 9
y = 34 x + 14 y = 74 34 x
P1: GHM
0521609992ans.xml CUAT007-EVANS July 19, 2006 20:51

Answers 544 Essential Specialist Mathematics

x2 y2 x2 y2 x2
b 1 g 1 and + y2 1
4 4 4 4 9
y y
y = x y=x
y=x y=x

1
x
2 2 3 2 2 3
0 x
0
1

x2
c y2 1
4
y h x2 y2 > 1 and x2 + y2 = 4
1
y = 1 x y= x
2 y
2

x
2 0 2
2

x2 y2 x
d + <1 2 1 0 1 2
9 4
y
2

2
(x 2)2 y2
3 0 3
x i + 1
36 4
2 y

42
e x2 y2 1 and x2 + y2 4 3
y x
4 0 2 8
y=x y=x 42

3
2
x2
1
j + y 2 1 and y x
4
1 1 x
2 2 y
0
1
y=x
2
1
0
x
(x 3)2 y2 2 2
f + 1 1
16 y 9

37
4
x Exercise 1H
1 0 3 7
37
1 x2 + y2 = 4 dom = [2, 2] ran = [2, 2]
4
P1: GHM
0521609992ans.xml CUAT007-EVANS July 19, 2006 20:51

Answers 545

2 a x2 y2 = 1 x (, 1] f (x 1)2 (y 1)2 = 1 x [2, )

Answers
y y

y=2x
y=x
2

1 (1, 1)
x
O
O x
2
y = x y=x

x2 y2 3 a x = 4 cos t y = 4 sin t
b + =1 b x = 3 sec t y = 2 tan t
9 16 y c x = 3 cos t + 1 y = 3 sin t 2
d x = 9 cos t + 1 y = 6 sin t 3
4 4 a = 1, b = 2, c = 3, d = 2
5 x = 4 cos t, y = 3 sin t
x2 y2
3 O 3 6 a x = 2 cos t, y = 6 sin t b + =1
x 4 36
t t
7 a x = 2 cos , y = 2 + 3 sin
2 2
4 x2 (y 2)2
b + =1
4 9
(x 3)2 (y 2)2 8 a Dom = [2, 5] Ran = [4, 6]
c + =1 y
9 4
y
(2, 6)

(5, 4)
2

x
O 3 x
O

x2 y2
d + =1 x [3, 3] y [0, 4] b Dom = [2, 5] Ran = [2, 6]
9 16 y
y

(2, 6)
4

(5, 4)

x
3 O 3 (2, 2)
x
O
ex y =1
2 2
x [1, )
y c Dom = [1, 5] Ran = [2, 6]
y
y = x

25
4+
3
1 x
O
25
4
y=x 3
x
O
P1: GHM
0521609992ans.xml CUAT007-EVANS July 19, 2006 20:51

Answers 546 Essential Specialist Mathematics

 5  11  5
Multiple-choice questions 20 a , b , c ,
6 6 6 6 4 4
1B 2D 3C 4A 5C 21 a = 1, c = 2, b = d = 4
6C 7B 8C 9D 10 D 22 a 50 b 50 c 40
23 Centre (4, 6), radius 7
Short-answer questions 24 (9, 0) (0, 3)
(technology-free) 25 a i n = 7 p + 7
ii 5n = 70 p 2 + 147 p + 77
10
1 fn = 5n 2 cm 26 a tn = 3n1 b 3190
cos 
(x + 2)2 (y 3)2
3 + =1 Extended-response questions
4 16
4 7
5 9
  1 a 10.2 km b 049

113 2
c i 11.08 km ii 031
6a 34 cm b 2 tan1 53
d 11.43 km
2 4
7a b c 210 is one possible answer 2 a i [ 2, 2]
2 5  ii [3 5, 3 + 5] iii (0, 3)
8ax b a(a + b)  
37 11 48
9 tan 1 (3 2)  b 2, 3, 1, 2 c , d 0,
2   2 13 13 13
10 a x: x = , , ,  2  2
3 3 3 3 1 35 3890
b y e x + y =
2 26 676

( , 1) ( , 1) 3
2 2
3 e , undefined
4

x 4 20

2 O 2 f y = 4 and y = x+
3 3 3 3 3 3
4 a y = (tan )x
(, 3) 3 (, 3) b (a cos , a sin )
    cos 
2   2 c y a sin  = (x a cos )
c , ,
,  a  sin   a 
3 3 3 3
dA , 0 ; B 0,
3 cos  sin 
11 a 90
b 45 and tan1

a2 a2
4 e Area = =
 2 sin  cos  sin 2
1
5 
c tan Minimum when  =
4 4
12 a3 97 nautical miles b 5 97 nautical miles 3 2 3a 3 2 3a
13 9 2 5ay= x+ ;y= x
3 3 3 3
14 a B 45 480 km 45 A b 2402 km b x 2 + y 2 = 4a 2
c 480 2 km 6 a 100 , 15 , 65 b 2.63 km, 4.56 km
90 c 346 d 14.18 km
C
15 y = 3x + 2, y = 3x + 2
(x 4)2
Chapter 2
16 + (y + 6)2 = 1
9
17 a 60 b a = 30, b = 30, c = 120, d = 60 Exercise 2A
18 x 2 + (y 4)2 = 4 3
19 a y 1 a i 2b ii 4a iii 2a + b
y = 2cos x 5 2
y = 2cos (x )
(, 2) ( 4 , 2) 4 3
iv 12 b 2a v 2a b
7 2

O 2 4
x
bi 4 ii 4 iii 13
3 3 2 a (3 cm b (4 cm
2 4 2 (2, 2 ) long) long)
2 (2, 2)
( , 2)
4

3 7
b x: x = ,
4 4 
  3
9 3
3a6 b c
c x: 0 x x: x 2 2 2
2 2
P1: GHM
0521609992ans.xml CUAT007-EVANS July 19, 2006 20:51

Answers 547
1 1
4a i a ii b 4 a x = 3, y = 13 b x = 4, y = 2

Answers
4 4 5
iii 1
4
(b a) iv b a c x = 32 , y = 7
bi 1
2
a ii 1
2
b iii 1
2
(b a) 5 a i 4i 2j 4k ii 5i + 4j + 9k
5aa+b b (a + b + c + d) iii 2i j 2k iv i j 3k

c (b + c) b i 30 ii 67
6aba b 12 (b a) c 12 (a + b)

c AB, CD
7 a 12 (a + b) 6 a i 2i 3j + 4k ii 4
(2i 3j + 4k)
5
8aa+cb b a + c 2b
iii 15 (13i 7j 9k)
9a i ba ii c d  13 7 9 
iii b a = c d b 5
, 5, 5
bi cb ii 12 a + b c 8 13
9
10 a not linearly dependent


9 a i OA = 2i + j ii AB = i 4j
b not linearly dependent

c linearly dependent iii BC = 6i + 5j iv BD = 2i + 8j



11 a k = 3, l = 12 b k = 55 2
, l = 10 b BD = 2 AB
12 a c bc c 12 a c Points A, B and D are collinear
d c + g + 2a 1
e c + g 2a 1

10 a i OB = 2i + 3j + k


13 a i k(2a b) ii AC = i 5j + 8k
ii (2m + 1)a + (4 3m)b

iii BD = 2i + 2j + 5k
b k = 11 , m = 94

4 iv CD = 4i + 6j + 2k
14 a i 2 (a + b)
1
ii 45 (a + b)


b CD = 2(2i + 3j + k) = 2OB
iii 5 (4b a)
1
iv 45 (4b a)



11 a i AB = 2i j + 2k
b RP = 4 AR, 1 : 4 c4

ii BC = i + 2j + 3k
15 a x = 0 y=1 b x = 1 y= 7

3 iii CD = 2i + j 2k
c x = 52 y=0

iv DA = i 2j 3k
b parallelogram
Exercise 2B  
12 a (6, 3) b (6, 5) c 32 , 3
2


1 a i 3i + j ii 2i + 3j 13 a i BC = 6i + 3j
iii 3i 2j iv 4i 3j

ii AD = (x 2)i + (y 1)j
b i 5i + 2j ii 7i j iii i + 4j
b (8, 4)
c i 10 ii 29 iii 17 14 a (1.5, 1.5, 4)

2 a i + 4j b 4i + 4j + 2k x1 + x2 y1 + y2 z 1 + z 2
c 6j 3k d 8i 8j + 8k b , ,
2 2 2
e 6 f4  
17 8 17
3 a i 5i ii 3k 15 , , 3 16 ,3
iv 5i + 3k 5 5 2
iii 2j 
v 5i + 2j + 3k vi 5i + 2j 11
17 11,
vii 5i 3k viii 2j 3k 3
ix 5i + 2j 3k x 5i 2j + 3k 19 a i i + j ii i 6j iii i 15j
19 1
5i + 2j 3k xii 5i
xi 2j 3k bk = ,l =
b i 34 ii 38 iii 29 8 4
5 5 20 a i 2i + 4j 9k ii 14i 8j + 3k
c i i ii i + 2j iii 5.7i 0.3j 1.6k
2 2
5 b There are no values for k and l such that
iii i + 2j 3k ka + lb = c
2
4 2 21 a i 29 ii 13
d i j ii j
3 3 iii 97 iv 19
2 2 b i 21.80 anticlockwise
iii j + 3k iv 5i j 3k
3 3 ii 23.96 clockwise
5 4 iii 46.51
v i + j 3k 22 a 3.42i + 9.40j b 2.91i 7.99j
2 3
613 77 310 c 4.60i + 3.86j d 2.50i 4.33j
ei ii iii
6 2 3
P1: GHM
0521609992ans.xml CUAT007-EVANS July 19, 2006 20:51

548 Essential Specialist Mathematics

Answers
23 a 6.43i + 1.74j + 7.46k 15 a OM = 12 (4i + 5j); ON = 12 (2i + 7k)
b 5.14i + 4.64j 4k b 80.12
c 99.88
c 6.13i 2.39j 2.39k



d 6.26i + 9.77j + 3.07k 16 a AB = CB CA



17 69.71
25 a | AB| = | AC| = 3

b OM = i + 3j + 4k

c AM = i + 2j k d3 2 Exercise 2D
1
26 a 5i + 5j b (5i + 5j)
2 11
5 5 5 5 1a (i + 3j k) b 13 (i + 2j + 2k)
c i + j + 3k d i j + 3k 11

2 2 2 2
86 10
e c (j + 3k)
2
10
26
1 1 2ai (3i + 4j k) ii 3
27 a MN = b a 26
2 2
1 78
(3i + 4j k)
b MN || AB, MN = AB b
26 1
2
3 1 3 3 3 3 a i a = (2i 2j k)
28 a i j b i j 3
2 2 2 2 ii b = 15 (3i + 4k)
3 3 7
c i+ j d 19 km 510
2 2 b (19i 10j + 7k)

510
29 a OA = 50k
11
4 a 18 (i 4j + k) b 19
(i 4j + k)
b i 80i + 20j 10k ii 10 69 m c 13
k)
(4i
c 80i + 620j + 100k 17
5 2 21
30 a 2.66 km 5a2 b c
b i 0.5i j + 0.1k ii 1.12 km 5 7
(1 + 4 5) 17
c 0.6i 0.8j d
17
31 a 1002i + 100 2j b 50j 9
6 a 26 (5i k); 26
1
(7i + 26j + 35k)
c 1002i + (50 + 1002)j d 30k
b 32 (i + k); 32 i + j 32 k
e 100 2i + (50 + 100 2)j + 30k 7

c 19 (2i + 2j k); i + 11
j + 89 k
32 a OP =50 2i + 50 2j 9 9

b i (50 2 100)i + 50 2j ii 337.5 7aj+k b+ 2j 2k)

1
(i
3
8aijk b 3i + 2j + k c 14
9 a i i j 2k ii i 5j
Exercise 2C
b 3
13
(i 5j) c 2
13
195 d 30
10 b i 27 (i 3j 2k) ii 1
(5i + j + k)
1 a 66 b 22 c6 d 11 e 25 3

f 86 g 43 c 1
21
(i + 11j 16k)
2 a 14 b 13 c0 d 8 e 14
3 a a.a + 4a.b + 4b.b b 4a.b
c a.a b.b d |a| Exercise 2E



4 a AB = 2i j 2k b | AB| = 3 c 105.8
13 a i 12 (b a) ii 1
2
(a + b)
5 66 b 12 (a.a + b.b)
6 a i
c ii a + c iii c a
14 c 3 : 1
b OB. AC = c.c a.a = 0
7 d and f, a and e, b and c 15 a i 13 (a + 2b) ii a + 2b iii 2b
8 a 4 d 6 or 1 16 a s = r + t
b5
c5
9 a AP = a + qb b q = 13 b u
= 12 (r + s),
v = 12 (s + t)
15
c 26 , 13 13
, 17 b AB= i 3j, DC = i j c 4i + 2j
15 3 15
e 4j
10 x = 1; y = 3
2 5
11 a 2.45
b 1.11 c 0.580 d 2.01 19 b a
13 a OM = 32 i + j b 36.81 c 111.85 3 12
k+2 k+2 3 3
14 a i i + 3j ii 3j 2k 20 b  = ,= c= ,=
2 2 2 2
b 37.87 c 31.00
P1: GHM
0521609992ans.xml CUAT007-EVANS July 19, 2006 20:51

Answers 549




21 a OG = b + d + e, DF = b d + e, 2 a i | OA| = 14, |OB| = 14

Answers



BH = b + d + e, CE = b d + e ii i 5j

2
b |OG| = |b|2 + |d|2 + |e|2 + 2(b.d + 1

b i (5i + j + 2k) c 5i + j + 2k
b.e + d.e), |DF|2 = |b|2 + |d|2 + |e|2 + 2

e i 5i + j 13k or 5i j + 13k
2(b.d + b.e d.e)|BH|2 = |b|2 + |d|2 +

iii The vector is perpendicular to the plane
|e|2 + 2(b.d b.e + d.e), |CE|2 = containing OACB.
|b| + |d| + |e| + 2(b.d b.e d.e)
2 2 2



3 a OX = 7i + 4j + 3k, OY = 2i + 4j + 3k,
22 b 12r2

OZ = 6i + 4j, OD = 6i + 3k,



|OD| = 3 5, |OY | = 29
Multiple-choice questions

b 48.27
5
1C 2D 3B 4B 5C ci + 1 i + 4j ii 16
6C 7E 8E 9D 10 B +1
4a i ba ii c b iii a c
Short-answer questions iv 1
2
(b + c) v 1
2
(a + c) vi 1
2
(a + b)

(technology-free) 5 a 13 b + 23 c c ii 5:1 d1:3

 
6ai 1
2
(a + b) ii 12 a +  12 b
1 a 2i j + k b 2
3 7 a i 12(1 a) ii 1
2 a 37 (3i + 2j + 6k) b 1
7
(6i 11j 12k) b i x 4y + 2 = 0 ii x = 2, y = 0
3ax=5 b y = 2.8 z = 4.4 c i j + 4k ii i 12j + 5k
iii 3i 11j + 7k
4 a cos  =
1
3
b6
d X is 5 units, and Y is 7 units, above the
5 a 19 (43i 46j + 20k)
ground.
485 3 2 3 3
b (3i 6j + 4k) 8ai c ii a + c iii a + c
549 4 5 5 4
6 a i (2 3t)j + (3 2t)k 5 2
b  = , =
ii (2 3t)j + (3 2t)k 6 3
b 1 9 a b = qi pj, c = qi + pj


iii 40 b i AB = (x + 1)i yj,
7 a i 2 17  ii 4 3

b cos1 5 5151 AC = (1 x)i yj


3 ii AE = yi + (1 x)j,
8 a 3i j + k b i 12 j + 4k c 8215

2 AF = yi + (x + 1)j



9 a 34 4p b 8.5 5
c 13 10 a i BC = mv, BE = nv,
10 6.5 11  = 2 ,  = 2
3 3


CA = mw, CF = nw



DC, AB : CD = 1 : 2
12 AB ii | AE| = m 2 mn + n 2 ,
13 519

| FB| = m 2 mn + n 2
14 a 2c, 2c a b 12 a + c c 1.5


15 a (1, 10) b h = 3, k = 2 11 a CF = 12 a c, OE = 12 (a + c)
17 3(i + j) 16 h = 23 , k = 34 b ii 60
18 a c a c ii HX is parallel to EX, KX is parallel to FX,
and HK is parallel to EF
19 a i 13 c ii 23 a 13 b


iii 23 a + 13 b 13 c 12 a OA = 2(i + j), OB = 2(i j),


OC = 2(i + j), OD = 2(i j)
20 a 14 a + 34 b
 b PM = i + 3j + hk, Q N = 3i j + hk
 3
1
bi a+ 1 b ii 4
4 4 3 c OX = 2 i 12 j + h2 k

di 2 ii 71 e ii 6
Extended-response questions a
13 a i OM = j

ii MC = ai + j
a
2 2
1ai i+j+k ii 3
a
b MP = ai + j,
b i ( 0.5)i + ( 1)j + ( 0.5)k

2
a
2 BP = a( 1)i + ( + 1)j,
ii  = , OQ 13 (8i + 11j + 5k) 2
3
a
c 5i + 6j + 4k OP = ai + ( + 1)j
2
P1: GHM
0521609992ans.xml CUAT007-EVANS July 19, 2006 20:51

550 Essential Specialist Mathematics


Answers
3 2 5a
2
c i  = , | BP| = , |OP| = a, |OB| = a d y = sec x +
3
5 5 y
5
ii
5
d  = 1  = 35
1
A O
A C
0 x
P 5 4 11 2
M M 1 3 6 3 6
(2, 2)
P B 2
O C B


e OY = 14
+ 29
+ 16 ak  
15
ai 30
aj
e y = cosec x
2
y

Chapter 3
1
Exercise 3A 0 x

  3 2
1 2 2
1 a y = cosec x + (2, 1)
4
y

3
f y = cot x
2 4
y
1 (2, 2)
0 x
3 5 7 2
1 (2, 1)
1 4 4 4 4
0 x
3 5 7 2
1 4 4 4 4
 
b y = sec x
6
y
2 a y = sec 2x
y
23 2, 23
3
3
1
1
0 x (, 1)
2 7 5 2 0 x
6 3 6 3 3
1
1 4 2 4

 
c y = cot x + b y = cosec(3x)
3
y y

2, 3
1 3 1
3
3 x x
0 0
2 7 5 2 2 5
1 6 3 6 3 6 3 2 3 6
1
P1: GHM
0521609992ans.xml CUAT007-EVANS July 19, 2006 20:51

Answers 551
 
c y = cot(4x) b y = cosec 2x +

Answers
y 3
y

, 2 3
3
3 5 7 , 2 3
11 2 3 3
8 8 8
0 x 12 6 3
3 x
2 5 0 7 5
8 4 2 4
3 12 12 3 12 6

  
d y = cosec 2x + 2
y
2 c y = cot 2x
3
y

(, 1)
1 3 3
,
3 3 3
,
0 x 11
5 7
3
3 12 12 12 12
x
1 4 2 4
2

0 5
3 6 3 6

e y = sec(2x )
5 89 89
y 4 a cot x = , sec x = , cosec x =
8 5 8

2 6 7 6 7
b cot x = , sec x = , cosec x =
5 12 5
1
7 2 9 9 2
0 x c cot x = , sec x = , cosec x =
8 7 8
3
3 2
1 4 2 4 5a b c 1 d2
(, 1) 2 2
2 3
e 2 f 3 g h
2 3
  1
f y = cot 2x i2 j 2 k1 l
2
3
y 6a1 b 1 c cosec2 x d sec x
e sin2 x cos2 x = cos 2x
f tan x sec2 x
17 17
7 a 17 b c
0 x 17 4
3 5 2 11
6 12 3 12
10 10
3 8 a 10 b c
, 3
10 3

3 3 11
 9 a 3 11 b
 10
3 a y = sec 2x 35
2 10 a 35 b
y
6
3
11 a b 3 c2
2
1 1 2 2 3 2
12 a b c
x 3 3 4

3 0 3 51 51 7 51
13 a b c
4 2 4 4 2 4 10 7
1 51
2 6 6
14 a 0.2 b c
5 12
P1: GHM
0521609992ans.xml CUAT007-EVANS July 19, 2006 20:51

Answers 552 Essential Specialist Mathematics

15 a 0 b 12 sin 2 c1 d1 b Dom = [2, 0] Ran = [0, ]

1 y
16 x = 2 tan 
x

Exercise 3B

2
1 a sin 2x cos 5y cos 2x sin 5y
b cos x2 cos y sin x2 sin y x
2 0
tan x + tan y + tan z tan x tan y tan z
c
1 tan x tan y tan x tan z tan y tan z  
3 1
2 a sin(x 2y) b cos x c tan B c Dom = , Ran = [, ]
d sin 2A e cos y 2 2
y
3 a sin x cos 2x + cos x sin 2x
b 3 sin x 4 sin3 x

4 a cos x cos 2x sin x sin 2x
b 4 cos3 x 3 cos x 3
x
2( 3 1) 3 1 0 1
5a b2+ 3
2 2 2
4
2
c (1 3) d2 3 
4  3
6 a 0.8 b 2.6 c 5
13 d Dom = R Ran = ,
2 2
d 12
13
e 0.75 f 16
65
y
63 33 837
g 65
h 56
i 116
3
2
51 21
7a b
10 5

c 0.40 d 0.36 2 x
8a 1
sin 2x b cos 2x c 1
tan 2x 1 0
2
4 2
d 1 e 2 tan x f sin 2x
9 a 0.96 b 0.28 c 24  
7 1 1
e Dom = , Ran = [0, ]
10 a 34 b 9
13 2 2
y
11 2 1
12 a 0.66 b 0.91
13 0.97

14 a 12
5
b 2
3
c 3 13 m
2

x
Exercise 3C
   21 0 1
2
1 a Dom = R Ran = ,
y
2 2    
1 1
f Dom = , Ran = 0,
3 3 2
2 y

0
x
1 2

2
0, 4
4
x
1 0 1

3 3
P1: GHM
0521609992ans.xml CUAT007-EVANS July 19, 2006 20:51

Answers 553

   5   5 5 7  4

Answers
2a b c d e 2a , b , c ,
2 4 6 6 3 6 6 6 6 3 3
   3 7  5 5 7
f g h i d , e , f ,
4 3 6 4 4 3 3 4 4
3  2  3
3a b c 1 d 3 a + 2n, + 2n, n Z
2 3 2 4 4
   
e f 3 g h b 2n, n Z c + n, n Z
4 3 3 6
 5  4 a 1.16 b 0.20, 2.94 c 1.03, 2.11
i j k l
4 6 4   5 3  5
5a , , , b 0, , , , 2
4 a f 1 : [1, 1] R, f 1 (x)  = y where 4 2 4 2 3 3
 3   5 3
sin y = x y , c , , ,
2 2 6 2 6 2
( f 1 (x) =  sin1 (x))   5 3 13 5 17 7
d , , , , , , , ,
2 1 24 8 24 8 24 8 24 8
b i 1 ii iii
2 2 25 9 29 11 37 13
, , , , , ,
3 5 24 8 24 8 24 8
iv v  vi
2     6 41 15
  3  ,
5 a [1, 3]; , b , ; [1, 1] 24 8
2 2 4 4 2 4  5 3
    e 0, , , 2 f , ,
5 3   3 3 6 6 2
c , , ,
2 2 2 2 3 7 3 7
  g 0, , , , 2 h ,
 5 4 4 4 4
d , ; [1, 1]
18 18  5 
  i , j 0, , 2
 7 3 3 2
e , ; [1, 1] f [2, 0], [0, ] 6 a Maximum = 3, minimum = 1
6 6
     b Maximum = 1, minimum = 13
g [1, 1]; 0, h , ; [1, 1] c Maximum = 5, minimum = 4
2
   3 6 d Maximum = 14 , minimum = 15
i R; 0,
2
j 0,
2
;R e Maximum = 3, minimum = 1
   f Maximum = 9, minimum = 5
k R; , 7 a (1.14, 2.28), (0, 0), (1.14, 2.28)

2 2 
2 2 b (1.24, 1.24), (0, 0), (1.24, 1.24)
l , ; R+ {0} c (3.79, 0.79) d (0, 0), (4.49, 4.49)
2 2
8 2 q
3 12 24  3
6a b c 9 a  + , 2  ,
b +
5 5
25 2 2
40 5  3
d e 3 f 10 a  ,   b , 
9 3 2 2
2 5 2 10 7 149 3 5
g h i 11 a 2  , 3  b , 
5 7 149 2 2
7 a i 45 ii 12 12 0, 0.33, 2.16 13 1.50
   13
14 b 45.07 15 0.86 16 1.93
8 a [0, ], , b [0, 1], [0, 1] 17 b 1.113
  2 2
18 When t = 0, xA = xB = 0;
c , , [0, ] d [0, 1], [1, 0]
4 4    when t = 1.29, xA = xB = 0.48
e [0, 1], [1, 1] f [0, ], , 19 b 0.94
4 4
g R+ {0}, (0,1] h R, (1, 1)
Multiple-choice questions
1C 2C 3E 4D 5A
Exercise 3D 6A 7E 8D 9E 10 E
7 11  17
1a , b ,
6 6 12 12 Short-answer questions
 11  5
c , d , (technology-free)
6 6 4 4
5 11  13 25 37 7 24 24 5 4
e , f , , , 1a b c d e
6 6 24 24 24 24 25 25 7 3 3
P1: GHM
0521609992ans.xml CUAT007-EVANS July 19, 2006 20:51

Answers 554 Essential Specialist Mathematics

  5 Extended-response questions
2 a 0, , 2, , ,
3 3 3
  3   5  x
b , , , , , 1a i x ii 1 x2 iii
2 2 2 3 3 3 1 x2
  3   3 
c , , d , , 2x
2 2 2 2 2 2 iv 2x v1 4x 2 vi
  7 11 1 4x 2
5  
e , , , , b i 2x 1 x 2 x 1 4x 2
2 6 6 6 6 
  5
f 0, 2, , , ii (1 4x 2 )(1 x 2 ) + 2x 2
3 3  3 
7 11 1 1 2x 1 x 2 x 1 4x 2
3a , , sin1 ,  sin1 iii 
6 6 3 3 (1 4x 2 )(1 x 2 ) + 2x 2
 5 7 11
b , , , 2x 1 x 2 
6 6 6 6 iv v 2x 1 x2
 5  3 5 7 1 2x 2
c , d , , , vi 1 2x2
4 4 4 4 4 4 c B2 AB1 = 0.34, 2 = 0.61

3 2 3 2a y
4a b c2
2 3
d2 e1 f 3
1 1
5 a p b p c d e p
p p 0 x
2
 1 2
6a b c
3 2 3

2 3 2
d e f i y = cosec x
3 2 2
ii y = cot x
7a y
iii y = cosec x cot x
x 
c y = cot : y = cosec(x) + cot(x)
2
y
x
0

b y
0 x
2
2

x
0 2 3 4  
d ii cot = 2 + 1, cot =2+ 3
8 12
2
1
c y iii 
4+2 2

3 e cot cot 4
2
3 a i 100 sin  cos 
x ii R
1 0
50
d y

1
x
0 3
0
4 2

iii 50 iv
e y 4
b ii a = 2000, b = 4000

iii V = 2000p 4000p2
2
1
x iv 0 < p <
0 1 2

P1: GHM
0521609992ans.xml CUAT007-EVANS July 19, 2006 20:51

Answers 555
v V 
b ii x = n , n Z

Answers
250
6
iii y

1
3
0
3 2 3 x
V 3 0 3 2

3 2 2
250 1

i y = cot 2x
ii y = tan x
p
0 1 1 iii y = cosec 2x
4 2
6 a i BAE = 72 , AEC = 72 ,
vi Maximum volume = 250 ACE = 72

when p = 14 ,  = ii 36
3 
c i V = 1000 sin2 , 0 <  < 51
2 e
ii V 4
7 a ii V 500
1000 90,
3
, 1000
2

0
2
iii V is an increasing function. As the angle 
0 90
gets larger, so does the volume of the
 iii V is an increasing function. As the angle 
cuboid. 0 <  < for the cuboid to exist.
2 gets larger, so does the volume of the
4 b p = 8 cos3  4 cos  pyramid. 0 <  < 90 for the pyramid to

c iii iv 1 exist.
6
b ii  (0, 90)
d P
2000 2 1000
iii V = a + a
4 3 3
125
iv Vmax = when  = 60
3
v V 125
60,
3
0
4

e
4 
5 a ii x = + n, n Z
y 4 0 30 60 90
iii
500
8a i V = cos  sin2 
3
ii Vmax = 64.15 when  = 54.74
2
1
b ii  (0, 90)
0 x iii Vmax = 24.69 when a = 0.67
3 2  = 48.19
1 
2 2 2 a a 2 4b(a + b)
9c i x=
2
ii 1 + 2
i y = tan x
ii y = cot x d 0.62
iii y = 2 cosec (2x)
P1: GHM
0521609992ans.xml CUAT007-EVANS July 19, 2006 20:51

556 Essential Specialist Mathematics

 
Answers
b+1 b iv In general,the graph of 
e i  = tan1 tan1 b + 1 b
5 5  = tan1 tan1 has the
x x
1 b-axis as a horizontal asymptote. The
tan1 5
domain
 is[0, ) and the range is
1 1
0, tan . The -axis intercept is
 x
b 1
0
5 tan1 . The function is decreasing as
tan  = x
25 + b + b2 b increases.
tan
1
5 1
tan1 x

b
0
 
b+1 b
ii  = tan1 tan1 b
10 10 0
In general, the graph of
x
1 tan  = 2 has the b axis as a
tan1 10 x + b + b2
horizontal asymptote. The tan  axis
1
intercept is . The domain is [0, ) and
x 
1
b the range is 0, . The function is
0 x
10 decreasing as b increases.
tan  =
100 + b + b2
tan
tan
1
1 x
10

b
b 0
0
  10 a Each has a right angle, and CAD is
b+1 b
iii  = tan1 tan1 common to both triangles.
20 20
b (cos 2, sin 2)
c i 2 cos  ii 2 sin 
1
tan1 20

Chapter 4
Exercise 4A
b
0
20 1 a 5i b 33i c 5i
tan  = d 13i e 5 2i f 2 3
400 + b + b2
g 1 + 2i h4 i0
tan
2a5+i b 4 + 4i c 5 5i
1
20 d 4 3i e 1 + i f2
g2 h1 i 3 2i
3 a x = 5, y = 0 b x = 0, y = 2
c x = 0, y = 0 d x = 9, y = 4
e x = 2, y = 2 f x = 13, y = 6
b
0
P1: GHM
0521609992ans.xml CUAT007-EVANS July 19, 2006 20:51

Answers 557

4 Im(z) a b

Answers
5 a a2 + b2 b + 2 i c 2a
+b
a2 2 a + b2
a 2 b2 2ab
2 + 3i 3 d 2bi e 2 + 2 i
2 2(1 + i) a +b 2 a + b2
1 a 2 b2 2ab
0
Re(z) f 2 2 i
4 3 2 1 a + b2 a + b2
11 2 33 4 i
2
(3 + 2i) 3
( 4i) 4 Exercise 4C
 3
5 1 a 3;  b 5; 2;
c
Im(z) 2 4
  2
4 d 2; e 4; f 16;
2z1 + z2 6 3 3
z1 z2 3
2 z1 2 a 1.18 b 2.06 c 2.50
0
1 d 0.96 e 0.89 f 1.98
Re(z) 5 3 5
4 3 2 1 11 2 3 4 3a b c
2 z2 3 2 6
 11 3
3 d e f
4 4 6 2
3 5  
6 a 11 + 3i b 47 i c 13 4a b c d
4 6 8 2
d 8 + 6i e 3 4i f 2 + 2i   
3
g1 h 5 6i i 1 5 a 2 cis b cis
 4 3
7 a x = 4, y = 3 b x = 2, y = 5 2 
c x = 3 c 6 cis d cis
 4  3 6
d x = 3, y = 3, or x = 3, y = 3 5
e x = 3, y = 2 e 2 2 cis f 4 cis
6 6
8a Im(z) 5 5 3
6 a 2 + 2i b i
2 2
(1 + i)3 3 3 3
2 (1 + i)2 c 2 + 2i d i
(1 + i) 4 1 1+i 2 2
0
Re(z)
4 3 2 1 11 2 3 4 e 6i f 4
2 
3 2
3 8 a 2 cis b 7 cis
4 4 3

  
b Anticlockwise turn about the origin. c 3 cis d 5 cis
3 4
4
Distance from origin increases by factor 2
 

3

Exercise 4D
9 a PQ = = OR b |QP| = 10
1   
7
1 a 12 cis b 12 cis
Exercise 4B  12  3
19
c 6 cis
7
d 8 cis
1a 3 b 8i c 4 + 3i 15 20
 
d 1 + 2i e 4 2i f 3 + 2i e 8 cis 8
f 27 cis g 18
3 8
3 1 5
2ai b i c 3 + 4i h 27 cis i 32i j 216
10 10 6  
 27
17 1 1 3 31 k 1024 cis l cis
d + i e + i 12 4 20
5 5 2 2
7
f4+i 2 a Arg(z1 z2 ) =
12
4 a 5 5i b6+i c 2 + 3i 7
Arg(z1 ) + Arg(z2 ) =
2i 12
d e 8i f 8 + 6i
5 Arg(z1 z2 ) = Arg(z1 ) + Arg(z2 )
P1: GHM
0521609992ans.xml CUAT007-EVANS July 19, 2006 20:51

558 Essential Specialist Mathematics



Answers
7 1 23 1 23
b Arg(z1 z2 ) = h2 z + i z i
12 4 4 4 4
17


Arg(z1 ) + Arg(z2 ) = 1 3 1 3
12 i (z 5) z + + i z+ i
Arg(z1 z2 ) = Arg(z1 ) + Arg(z2 ) + 2 2 2 2 2



5
c Arg(z1 z2 ) = j (z +2) z +
3 11
i
3
z
11
i
6 2 2 2 2
7


Arg(z1 ) + Arg(z2 ) =
6 1 11 1 11
Arg(z1 z2 ) = Arg(z1 ) + Arg(z2 ) 2 k 3(z 4) z + i z i
6 6 6 6



 3  3 31 1 31
4a b c l 2(z +3) z + i z i
4  4 4 4 4 4 4
3
5 b i cis 7 ii i iii cis 4 m (z + 3)(z 3)(z + 3i)(z 3i)
2
iv cis(  ) n (z + 2)(z 2)(z 1 + 3i)(z 1 3i)
6 b i cis(5) ii cis 3 (z + 1 + 3i)(z + 1 3i)
  o (z + i)(z
iii 1 iv cis 2
i)(z 2 +i)

2 1 3 1 3
7 b i cis(6 3) ii cis( 2) 2 a (z i) z + + i z+ i
2 2 2 2
iii cis( ) iv i  
 b (z + i)(z 1 + 2)(z 1 2)
8 a i sec  cis  ii cosec  cis 
2 c (z 2i)(z 3)(z + 1)
1


iii cis() = cosec  sec  cis() 1 41 1 41
sin  cos  d 2(z i) z + + z+
b i sec2  cis2 4 4 4 4
3 3bz1+i
ii sin3  cis 3
2 c (z + 6)(z 1 + i)(z 1 i)
1 4bz+2+i
iii cis() = cosec  sec  cis()
sin  cos  c (2z + 1)(z + 2 + i)(z + 2 i)

2 3 5 b z 1 3i
9 a 64 b cis
8 4 c (z 1 + 3i)(z 1 3i)(z + 1 + i)(z + 1 i)
 b 4 c 6
2 3i 6a8
c 128 cis d
3 72
  Exercise 4F
 64 3 3
e 2 cis f cis
4 3 4
 1 a 5i b 2 2i c2i
2
h 4 cis
1 2
g i 7 11i
2 15 d e 1 2i
11 6
i 8 2 cis 3 11i
12 f g 3, 2 2i
10
1 23i 5 7i
h 5, i 1,
2 2
Exercise 4E 1 23i
j 2, 3,
2
1 a (z + 4i)(z 4i) b (z + 5i)(z 5i) 2 a a = 0, b = 4 b a = 6, b = 13

+ 1 + 2i)(z
c (z + 1 2i)

 c a = 2, b = 10
3 7 3 7 1
d z + i z i 3 a 1 3i, b 2 + i, 2 2i
2 2 2 2 3


 4 P(x) = 2x3 + 10x2 18x + 10;
2 2 x = 1 or x = 2 i
e2 z2+ i z2 i
2 2 5 a = 6, b = 8


 6 a z2 4z + 5, a = 7, b = 6
3 3 1
f3 z+1+ i z+1 i b z = 2 i or z =
3 3 2


 7 a P(1 + i) = (4a + d 2) + 2(a 1)i
g3 z+ +
1 5
i z+
1 5
i b a = 1, d = 6
3 3 3 3 c z = 1 i or z = 1 i 2
P1: GHM
0521609992ans.xml CUAT007-EVANS July 19, 2006 20:51

Answers 559

8 p = (5 + 4i), q = 1 + 7i d Im(z)

Answers
9 z = 1 + i or z = 2
10 a z = 3 + i 2
b z = 2i or 6 z = 2 cis
5
6
c z = 1 or i 6
1 15 Re(z)
d z = 2 or i 2 0 2

2 2 z = 2 cis
6
2 14
ez= i 2
4 4
f z = 0 or 1 2 2i
Solutions:


3 1
z= 2 i
2 2


Exercise 4G 3 1
or z = 2 + i
2 2
1a Im(z)
e Im(z)
1 z = cis
2 1
5
z = cis z = cis
6 6
Re(z)
1 0 1 Re(z)
1 0 1

1 z = cis
2 1 z = cis
2
Solutions: z = i or z = i Solutions:

b Im(z) 3 1 3 1
z= + i or z = + i or
2 2 2 2
3 z = i
z = 3 cis 5 z = 3 cis Im(z)
6 6 f
Re(z)
3 0 3
1 z = cis
2

3 z = 3 cis
2
Re(z)
1 0 1
Solutions:

 z = cis
6
3 1 5
z=3 + i z = cis
1
2 2 6


3 1 3 1
or z = 3 + i or z = 3i Solutions: z = i
2 2 2 2
3 1
c Im(z) or z = i or z = i
 2 2 
2
 7 3
2 a 2 cis , 2 cis , 2 cis
12 12 4
z = 2 cis 
6  11 5
Re(z) b 2 cis , 2 cis , 2 cis
2 0 2 4 12 12
 
5 7 17
c 2 cis , 2 cis , 2 cis
5 2 18 18 18
z = 2 cis  
6  11 13
d 2 cis , 2 cis , 2 cis
Solutions: 18 18 18

  
  5
3 1 e 5 cis , 5 cis , 5 cis
z= 2 + i or 6 2 6
2 2 

 1  1 11 1 5
3 1 f 2 6 cis , 2 6 cis , 2 6 cis
z= 2 i 4 12 12
2 2
P1: GHM
0521609992ans.xml CUAT007-EVANS July 19, 2006 20:51

Answers 560 Essential Specialist Mathematics

3 a a2 b2 = 3, 2ab = 4 c |z 2| = 3
b a = 2, b = 1 Im(z)
The square roots of 3 + 4i are (2 + i)
2
4 a (1 4i) b (7 + i) 2 + 3i
2
c (1 + 2i) d (3 + 4i)
 
 5 
5 2 cis , 2 cis , 2 cis , Re(z)
6 6 6 1 0 2 5
5
2 cis
6 2 3i
2 2
6 Solutions are z = + i or
2 2
2 2 2 2 d |z i| = 4
i; factors are z i
2 2 2 2 Im(z)
2 2
and z + + i 5
2 2
 3 5
7 Solutions are z = cis , cis , cis ,
8 8 8
7 9 11 13 4 + i 4+i
cis , cis , cis , cis or Re(z)
8 8 8 8 0
15  3
cis ; factors are z cis , z cis , 3
8 8 8
5 7 9
z cis , z cis , z cis ,
8 8 8
11 13 15 e |z (1 + 3i)| = 2
z cis , z cis and z cis
 8  8 8 Im(z)
1 + 2 2 1
8 a + i 1 + (3 + 2)i
2 2

1  1 7
b 2 4 cis , 2 4 cis 1 + 3i 3 + 3i
8 8 1 + 3i
1
 (2 + 2) 2 0
Re(z)
c cos = , 1 + (3 2)i
8 2
1
 (2 2) 2
sin =
8 2 f |z (1 i)| = 6
Im(z)

Exercise 4H 1 + 5i
1 a 2 lm(z) = Re(z)
Im(z)
Re(z)
5 i 0 1i 7i

5
Re(z) 1 7i
0 10

g |z 1| + |z + 1| = 3
Im(z)
b lm(z) + Re(z) = 1
Im(z)
5
2

Re(z)
1 3 0 3
2 2
5
Re(z) 2
0 1
P1: GHM
0521609992ans.xml CUAT007-EVANS July 19, 2006 20:51

Answers 561

h |z 6| |z + 6| = 3 6 a {z : |z i| > 1}

Answers
Im(z) Im(z)

y = 15x
2

Re(z)
0 1 + i 1 1+i

3 y = 15x
,0 Re(z)
2 0

2 S = {z : |z 1| 2}
Im(z) b {z : |z + i| 2}
Im(z)
1 + 2i

1
S
Re(z) Re(z)
1 0 3 0
2 i 1 2i

1 2i
3

3 {z : z = iz} c {z | Re(z) 0}
Im(z)
Im(z)

1 1+i

Re(z) Re(z)
0 1 0

4 {z : |z 1| = |z + 1|} d {z : lm(z) = 2}
Im(z) Im(z)

x=0
Re(z) = 0 Re(z)
0

Re(z)
0 2

e {z : 2 Re(z) + lm(z) 0}
Im(z)
5 S = {z : 3|z 1| = |z + 1|}
Im(z)
2

2 + 3i
S Re(z)
1 0
2 3 2 + 3
Re(z)
0 2

2 3i
P1: GHM
0521609992ans.xml CUAT007-EVANS July 19, 2006 20:51

Answers 562 Essential Specialist Mathematics

f (z : z + z = 5} k {z : |z + 2i| = 2|z i|}

Im(z) Im(z)

Re(z)
0 5 2 + 2i 2 2 + 2i
2

Re(z)
0
g {z : z z = 5}
Im(z) l {z : 2 |z| 3} 
 3
z: < Arg(z)
5 4 4
3
Arg z = Im(z) Arg z = 4
4
Re(z)
5 0 5 3

2
5 Re(z)
0 2 3

h {z : Re(z) > 2 and Im(z) 1}

Im(z) m {z : |z + 3| + |z 3| = 8}
Im(z)

7
1
Re(z)
Re(z) 4 0 4
0 2
7

i {z : Re(z2 ) = Im(z)} 7 Im(z)

Im(z)

1
y=x
2 3
Re(z)
0
1

2 Re(z)
1 1 0 1
y=x
2
8 Re(z) 0 and |z + 2i| 1
  Im(z)
j z : Arg(z i) =
3 Re(z)
Im(z) 0
1

1 2i 2 1 2i

3
3
1
Re(z)
0
P1: GHM
0521609992ans.xml CUAT007-EVANS July 19, 2006 20:51

Answers 563

9 |z 2 + 3i| 2 15 A circle withcentre (2, 4) and radius 6.

Answers
Im(z) 16 a z = 1 3i
b i |z| = 2 ii |z 1| = 7
2
iii z + z = 2
Re(z) c Im(z)
0 2i z + z = 2
1 + 3i
|z 1| = 7

3 4 3i
2 3i 2
0
Re(z)
2 17 1 2 1+7
2 5i
 
z 2 |z| = 2

10 a  =1 1 3i
z 
Im(z)

Multiple-choice questions
Re(z) 1E 2C 3D 4E 5D
0 1
6B 7B 8C 9B 10 A

 
z 1 i 
b  =1
 Short-answer questions
z
Im(z) (technology-free)
1 a 8 5i b i c 29 + 11i
6 4 9 7
d 13 e + i f i
1 13 13 5 5
3 6 43 81
g + i h 8 6i i + i
5 5 10 10
Re(z)
0 1 2 a 2 3i b 6 + 2i c 3 3i
3 3
11 x2 + y2 = 1 d (1 i), (1 i)
  2 2 
12 The circle has centre 83 , 2 and 3 2
e 3, (1 3i) or 3 cis
4 10 2 3
radius
3 3 3 3  
f , (1 3i) or cis
13 |z|2 : 1 2 4 2 3
14 a A circle of centre (1, 1) and radius 1. 3 a 2 i, 2 + i, 2 b 3 2i, 3 + 2i, 1
b y = x c1
+ i, 1 i, 2
 

c arg(z 1) = 3 7 3 7
2 4a2 x+ + i x+ i
Im(z) 4 4 4 4
b (x 1)(x + i)(x i) c (x + 2)2 (x 2)
5 2 and 1, 2 and 1
6 a and iv, b and ii, c and i, d and iii
Re(z) 7 1 and 5, 1 and 5
0 1
8 a = 2, b = 5 9 12 cis( 3 )

 3 3 1 3 3
d arg(z + i) = 10 a = ,b= +
4 2 2 2 2
Im(z) 1
11 a 2 + 2i b (1 + i)
2

c8 2 d
4
1  
0
Re(z) 12 a i 2 ii 2 iii iv
4 3
2 
1 4
b ,
2 12
P1: GHM
0521609992ans.xml CUAT007-EVANS July 19, 2006 20:51

564 Essential Specialist Mathematics


Answers
13 2 cis , 64 3 64i 25 a (x + 1)(x 1)(x

x + 1)(x
2 2
+ x + 1)

6 1 3
14 3, 3i, 1 i b (x + 1)(x 1) x + i
15 16 16i 16 2i, i, 2, k = 2 or 1 2 2
17 a (z + 2)(z 1 + i)(z 1 i) b 25


1 3 1 3
18 1 + 2i, 1 12 i x i x+ + i
19 a (x 1)2 + (y 1)2 1 2 2 2 2


b Im(z) 1 3
x+ i
2 2

S 1 3 1 3
1 c 1, 1, i, or i
Re(z)
2 2 2 2
0 1 26 a 1 b1 c0

20 {z : |z + i| = |z i|} 27
4
Im(z) 28 a 2 + 2 3i b 3 6i
29 a Im(z)

0 Re(z) = 0
Re(z)

centre (2, 2 3 )
radius 2
 
21 a S : z : z = 2 cis , 0 
2 Re(z)
Im(z)
5
bi 2 ii
2 6

0
2
Re(z)
Extended-response questions

b {w : w = z 2 , z S} 1 a |z7 | = 16 384 Arg(z7 ) =
6
Im(z) b Im(z)

4 Re(z)
0
6

Re(z)
4 0 4 z7

2 7
c v : v = ,z S c 2 2 cis
z 12

Im(z) d z = 2 3 + 2i, w = 1 + i,
z
= (1 3) + (1 + 3)i
w
3
1
Re(z)
e 2 3 f
0 3
2 b 3, 2 i
d z5 9z4 + 36z3 84z2 + 115z 75
1
 3 az= 3i
5 7 b i Im(z)
22 ,
6 6
23 a 4 3i 1 z = 3 + i
b c = 12 + 3i, d = 9 i
or c = 4 + 9i, d = 1 + 5i
   0 3
Re(z)

24 a 2 cis , 2 cis  and 2 cis

3  3 1 z = 3 i
 5
b 2 cis and 2 cis
6 6
P1: GHM
0521609992ans.xml CUAT007-EVANS July 19, 2006 20:51

Answers 565

ii x2 + y2 = 4 6a Im(z)

Answers
iii a = 2 2 0
Re(z)
iv P(z) = z2 + 2 3z + 4
The solutions to the equation
T
z6 + 64 = 0 are equally spaced on 2
an Argand diagram around the
circumference of the circle
x2 + y2 = 4, and represent the sixth
roots of 64. Three of the solutions are the b T = {z : Re(z) > 2} {z : Im(z) 2}
5 2
conjugates of the other three solutions. z: < Arg z <
Im(z)
6 3
5 5
7ak > bk =
4 4
2i 5
c 2 < k <
4
3 + i 3 + i 8a Im(z)
Re(z)
0
3 i 3 i
N M
2i
L Re(z)
P 4 2 0 2 4

5 Q
R
4 a 8 cis
6
  b |z 4| = 4
5 7 17
b 2 cis , 2 cis , 2 cis 2
18 18 18 c N is the point 4 cis
c Im(z) 3
2
Q is the point 4 cis
3
7
2 2 cis 5
18 d The new position of N is 4 cis
12
2 2 11
Re(z) The new position of Q is 4 cis
17 0 12
2 cis
18 5 9b Im(z)
2 cis
2 18
Z
sin P

0 A
d i (z 3i)3 = 4 3 4i 1 1 + cos
Re(z)
1 cos
cos

5
ii z = 2 cos sin
18
  Q
5 
+ 2 sin + 3 i c cosec  + cot  = cot
18
2
1
7 10 b z3 = 2 cis(tan
  (2 3))
z = 2 cos 
= 2 cis
 18  12
7 c Im(z)
+ 2 sin + 3 i
18 1
 z2 z3
17 2
z = 2 cos 3 1
18 2
 
17
+ 2 sin + 3 i 0
Re(z)
18 1 3 3 1 3 + 1
z4 2 2


4 1
3 + 1
5 a XY = 3i j, XZ = 2 3i + 2j 1 2

2 4
b z3 = 1 + 3i
 3
c z3 = 2 cis , W corresponds to 6 3.
2
3 1 z1
d (4 3, 0)
11 a ii q = 2k 3
b b = 1 i, c = 2 + 2i
P1: GHM
0521609992ans-I.xml CUAT007-EVANS August 30, 2005 16:33

566 Essential Specialist Mathematics

Answers
12 a i 6 2 ii 6 b ii Isosceles Chapter 5
13 a i 13 ii 157.38 = 2.75c
12 5 5.1 Multiple-choice questions
b i cos  = , sin  =
13 13
1A 2D 3E 4E
12 5
ii r = 13, cos 2 = , sin 2 = 5E 6C 7D 8C
13 13 9C 10 B 11 D 12 A
5 26 26
iii sin  = , cos  = 13 D 14 D 15 E 16 B
26 26 17 C 18 D 19 B 20 A
2
iv w = (1 + 5i) 21 E 22 D 23 C 24 E
2 25 A 26 C 27 C 28 B
2
d (5 + i), a reflection of the square roots 29 C 30 C 31 C 32 E
2 33 C 34 C 35 E 36 E
of 12 + 5i in the line
Re(z) = Im(z). 37 B 38 E 39 B 40 A
 41 C 42 B 43 A 44 D
3 2 29
14 a x + + y2 = 45 C 46 A 47 B 48 E
2 4
 2   49 A 50 C 51 D 52 E
3 1 2 15 53 A 54 C 55 C 56 D
b x+ + y =
2 2 2 57 B 58 C 59 E 60 C
 2
 2  61 D 62 B 63 A 64 D
c x+ + = 2
 2 65 E 66 B 67 D 68 C
   2
a 2 b a 2 + b2  69 E 70 D 71 C 72 D
d x+ + y = 73 B 74 E
  2
where  = a + bi
15 a (cos5  10 cos3  sin2  +
5 cos  sin4 ) + (5 cos4  sin  5.2 Extended-response
10 cos  sin  + sin )i
2 3 5

questions
16 a z: (1 + i)z + (1 i)z = 2, Arg z
2 3 1
Im(z) 1ai (b a) ii (3b a)
2

2
y=x+1 b i AB= i + 2j, BC= 2i j iv 3i j
c x = 4, y = 5, z = 2
1 2a i
1 Im(z)
Re(z)
0

b i Im(z) 2 T1
S1
Re(z)
22 + 2 2 0 2 4
22 S 2
22 2

Re(z) ii 2 2 2
22 2

22 + 2
22

0
b i Im(z)

ii |z|max = 6, |z|min = 2 T2
5 2
iii Arg(z)max = 75 = ,
12
 1 S2
Arg(z)min = 15 =
  12 Re(z)
2 0 1 2
17 a 2 cis
3
ii Themaximum and minimum values of |z|
c z + (2 2 3i)
2
z 4 3i= 0 d 4 are 2 + 1 and 1 respectively
or z 2 + (2 + 2 3i)z + 4 3i = 0 3ai a+b ii 13 (a b) iii 23 (a b)
18 a i z = 2 cis  + 12 cis ()

b DA = 2 BD
b i z = 2i cis  12 i cis () 4 a i 151 ii 19 (34i + 40j + 23k)
P1: GHM
0521609992ans-I.xml CUAT007-EVANS August 30, 2005 16:33

Answers 567

iii x = 3, y = 2, z = 16 22 a

Answers
y
1


bi b a ii OA = 2 BQ
2
y=
5b4:1:3 c 4i + j + 3k 1 2
e s = 3, t = 2
 x
a.b (a.a)(b.b) (a.b)2 0
6a b 2 41 4 2
|a||b| |a||b|
y=
8c8:1 11 11 2
9 a i 13 (a + 2b) ii 16 (2b 5a)
bi 2:3 ii 6 : 1 b i 0.67 ii 0.54
10 a i 2c b ii 13 (a + 2b) d 0.82
iii 15 (a + 4c) y
23 a
11 c 3 : 1 (1, )
12 a z2 2z + 4  
  2
b i 2 cis ii 4 cis , 8
3 3
( , 1)
2
iii 1 3i, 1
O
x
c i 7, 7 ii isosceles (1, 0)
1 1 ( , 1)
2
13 a p = (4 + 2 2i), q = (2 + 4 2i)
3 3
1 b i 0.48 ii 0.67
i ba ii (a + b)
2 d (0.768, 0.695)
1 1 24 a a = 5, d = 10
iii (a + b) iv (2a b)
3 3 b i 1.73 metres ii 8.03 metres
1 25 a i c cos x ii a cos y
v (2b a)
3 iii c cos x + a cos y
14 a (z + 2i)(z 2i) b (z2 + 2i)(z2 2i) b i AOC = 2z, AOY = z
d (z (1 + i))(z + (1 + i))(z (1 i)) ii 2AO sin z
(z + (1 i)) 26 a Im(z)
e (z2 2z + 2)(z2 + 2z + 2)

15 b circle centre 2 i and radius 5 3
c perpendicular bisector of line joining
S
1 + 3i and 2 i 2
16 a 2 +11i 3
2 5 11 5 4 Re(z)
bi ii 0
25 25
b {z : z = 1 + i, 1 + 2i or 2 + 2i}
17 c i 1 ii 1
c Im(z)
d i z2 3z + 3 = 0
ii z2 + 2z + 13 = 0
2
e 0, 3  
2
18 a z4 + z3 + z2 + z + 1 c cis 2
    5 (1, 1)
2 4
d cis , cis ,1 Re(z)
5 5 0
  
2 4
e z 2 2 cos z + 1 z 2 2 cos z +1 27 a Im(z)
5 5
19 a 4, 9, 4 b5 B 4 A

20 b cos 5 = cos  (1 10 tan  +

5 2

5 tan4 ), sin 5 = cos5  (5 tan  AB (2, 2)

10 tan3  + tan5 ) 3
4 4
21 a cis ( ) Re(z)
0
P1: GHM
0521609992ans-I.xml CUAT007-EVANS August 30, 2005 16:33

Answers 568 Essential Specialist Mathematics

b Im(z) 3 a 2x sec2 (x2 + 1) b sin 2x

tan x
c e sec2x d 5 tan4 x sec2 x
x cos( x)
e f 12 sec2 x cot x
1 1  2x
Re(z) 1
0 sin
x
g h 2 tan x sec2 x
x2  
x


i 14 sec2 j cosec2 x
28 a OA = i + k, CA = 4
2i 3j + k
b 56 c 13 + 8 3 since  > 0 4 a k sec2 (kx) b 2 sec2 (2x)etan(2x)

c 6 tan(3x) 2
29 b i OX = 13 (a + b + c)  sec (3x) 

sin x 1
+ loge x cos x
OY = 13 (a + c + d) de
x


OZ = 13 (a + b + d) e 6x sin2 (x2 ) cos(x2 )
1 f e3x+1 sec2 x (3 cos x + sin x)
OW = 3 (b + c + d)

+ 2 sec (2x))
3x 2
g e (3 tan(2x)
ii DX = 13 (a + b + c) d x tan( x) sec2 ( x)

1 h +
BY = 3 (a + c + d) b 2x 2

2(x + 1) tan x sec2 x 3 tan2 x
CZ = 13 (a + b + d) c i
(x + 1)4
AW = 13 (b + c + d) a

1 j 20x sec (5x ) sin(5x2 )
3 2
iii OP = 4 (a + b + c + d) 1


5 a 5(x 1)4 b
iv OQ = OR = OS = 14 (a + b + c + d) x
c ex (3 sec2 (3x) + tan(3x)) d sin x ecos x
v Q = R = S = P which is the centre of the
e 12 cos (4x) sin(4x)
2
sphere which circumscribes the
f 4 cos x(sin x + 1)3
tetrahedron
  g sin x sin(2x) + 2 cos(2x) cos x
30 a = 4, b = , c = ,d=8 1 x 2 (3 sin x x cos x)
9 3 h1 2 i
x sin2 x
(1 + loge x)
Chapter 6 j
(x loge x)2
6 a 3x2 b 4y + 10
Exercise 6A c sin (2z) d sin(2x)esin x
2

e 2 tan z sec2 z f 2 cos y cosec3 y

1 a x4 (5 sin x + x cos x) 2 2
b ex (tan x + sec2 x)  7a b
 cos x 2x + 1 2x 1
c x sin x c cot x d sec x
2x
d ex (cox x sin x) sin2 x cos3 x
e
e x2 ex (3 + x) sin x cos x(cos x sin2 x)
f cos2 x sin2 x = cos 2x f cosec x g cosec(x)
1 1
g x3 (4 tan x + x sec2 x) h , x = 2, 2 i
tan x x2 4 x2 + 4
h sec2 x loge x + 1 2
x 8a b c1
i sin x(1 + sec2 x)  2 3
tan x    
j x + sec2 x 9 a , 3 , 3
2x 3 3

  4
loge x 1 cot x b y = 4x + 3;
2a b x cosec 2
x 3
(loge x)2 2x
4
c ex (cot x cosec2 x) y = 4x + 3
 3  
d
sec2 x

tan x   
loge x x(loge x)2 10 a i ,3 3 , , 3 3
cos x 2 sin x  3  3
e ii , 3 3 is a local maximum
x2 x3  3 
f sec x (sec2 x + tan2 x) , 3 3 is a local minimum
(sin x + cos x) 3
g
ex
h cosec2 x
P1: GHM
0521609992ans-I.xml CUAT007-EVANS August 30, 2005 16:33

Answers 569
 
b y 2 1 1

Answers
e ,x ,
, 33
3 1 4x 2 2 2
1
cos1 5
8 f
1 + 25x 2
x  
0 3 4 4
g ,x ,
2 3 3 2 16 9x 2 3 3
cos1
1  
8 3 2 2
, 33 h ,x ,
3
 
4 9x 2 3 3
  2  10
11 a 2e 4 b , e 4 i
4 2 25 + 4x 2
 1
7 j , x (5, 5)
1 2 tan 18 25 x 2
12 cos1

1
2 7 2a , x (2, 0)
tan x(x + 2)
18
x    1
1 2 x 2 b , x (1, 0)
13 a sin sec b x(x + 1)
4 4 4 4

2 1
cy= (x  + 4) c 2
4 x + 4x + 5
1
d , x (3, 5)
x 2 + 8x 15
 
Exercise 6B 3 2
e , x 0,
1 1 1 6x 9x 2 3
1a b c d ey 3
2 2y 4(2y 1) f 2
1 2x 2x + 1  
e fy g cos2 y
5 cos(5y) 6 1
1 g , x 1,
1 3(3x 2 + 2x 1) 3
h i y2 j y  
3y + 1
2 e (y + 1) 20 1
64 4 1 h ,x ,1
2a b c d1 5(5x 2 6x + 1) 5
3 3 4 10
1 1 3 1 i 2
e f g h x 2x + 5
4 8 3 2 2x
1 1 j , x (1, 1)
3a b 2y+1 1 x4
6(2y 1)2 2e
3 5
1 3a b
c (2y 1) dy x x 92 x x 2 25
2 3
1 1 1 1 c
4a 3
b c ex d e x+1 x 4x 2 9  
6 x 2 2x 2 2 a 1 1
4a ,x ,
1 5 1 5 1 a2 x 2  a a
5y= x ,y = x + a 1 1
6 6 6  6  b ,x ,
15 5 1a x 2 2 a a
6 a (5, 1), (12, 6) b , a
  4 2 c
15 3 1 + a2 x 2  
c , 3 3
4 2 5 a i [2, 2] ii ,
2 2
7 a (2, 2) b 8.13
3
b , x (2, 2)
4 x2
Exercise 6C c y

1
1a , x (2, 2) 3
4 x2
1 3 2
b , x (4, 4) c
16 x 2   9 + x2 2 0 2
x
3 1 1
d ,x ,
1 9x 2 3 3
P1: GHM
0521609992ans-I.xml CUAT007-EVANS August 30, 2005 16:33

570 Essential Specialist Mathematics

   
Answers
1 1 6
6ai , ii [0, 4] c f (x) = cos 1
3 3 x
y
 12  
b f (x) = , domain is 13 , 13
1 9x 2
c y

0 2
x x
1 1 6 0 6

3 12 3
Exercise 6D
1 a f  (x) = 0 b f  (x) = 56x6
1
c f  (x) = d f  (x) = 48(2x + 1)2
4 x3
7ai R ii (, ) e f  (x) = sin x f f  (x) = cos x
4 1
b f  (x) = 2 g f  (x) = e x h f  (x) = 2
x + 2x + 5 x
y y = 0 is a 2
i f  (x) =
(1, 1) 4
horizontal (x + 1)3
asymptote j f  (x) = 2 sin x sec3 x
5
d2 y 15 x
2a =
x dx2 4
1 0 y=0 d2 y
b = 8(x 2 + 3)2 (7x 2 + 3)
2 sin1 x dx2
8 a f  (x) = , x (1, 1) d2 y 1 x
1 x2 c = sin
 dx2 4 2
b f (x) = 0, x (1, 1) d2 y
x d = 48 cos(4x + 1)
c f  (x) = , x (1, 1) dx2
1 x2
x
2
d y d2 y 4
d f  (x) = , x (1, 1) e = 2e2x+1 f =
1 x2 dx 2 dx2 (2x + 1)2
1 d2 y
esin x g = 6 sin(x 4) sec3 (x 4)
e f  (x) = , x (1, 1) dx2
1 x2 d2 y 4x
ex h = 
f f  (x) = dx2 (1 x 2 )3
1 + e2x
d2 y 2x
9 a 0.35 b 6.29 c 35 i =
dx2 (1 + x 2 )2

3 391 d2 y
10 a b j = 360(1 3x)3
2 10 dx2
3 a f  (x) = 24e32x
5 1599
c d 1 b f  (x) = 8e0.5x (1 x2 )
2

3 20 
c f (x) = 0 d f  (x) = cosec2 x
35 1 3x
e f (1 7) e f  (x) = 
4 2 (16 x 2 )3
27x
4 3 3  f f  (x) = 
11 a y = x + (1 9x 2 )3
3 3 6
1  96x
by=x + g f  (x) =
2 4 (9 + 4x 2 )2
3+ 3
c y = 2 3x + h f  (x) = 
3 4 (1 x)5
 i f  (x) = 5 sin(3 x)
d y = 6x + 3 +
6 j f  (x) = 18 sin(1 3x) sec3 (1 3x)
12 a {x : x 6} {x : x 6} 1 x  x  
6 k f  (x) = sec 2 tan2 +1
b f  (x) = , x < 6 or x > 6 9 3  3
x x 36
2

1 + cos2 x4
l f (x) =  
16 sin3 x4
1
4a1 b 1 c 1 d
2
P1: GHM
0521609992ans-I.xml CUAT007-EVANS August 30, 2005 16:33

Answers 571

d No points of inflexion

Answers
Exercise 6E e No points of inflexion
f No
points of inflexion
1a b

3 1
g 3, , & (0, 0),
2 4

c d 3 1
2& 3, ,
2 4
 1
 1
2 a i f  (x) = 6x2 + 12x h (0, 0), 1 i 10, 18 , 432
ii f  (x) = 12x + 12 
14 a x = + k, k Z
b (1, 8) 4

3 a f  (x) = cos x; f  (x) = sin x; (, 0) b x = + k, k Z
2
b f  (x) = ex (x + 1); f  (x) = ex (x + 2); 16 a f  (x) = 2x(1 + 2 loge x)
(2, 2e2 ) b f  (x) = 2(3 + 2 loge x)
4 a i f  (a h) < 0 ii f  (a) = 0  
1
iii f  (a + h) > 0 c Stationary point at e 2 , e1 , point of
 
b Non-negative c f  (a) 0 3

d i f  (0) = 2 ii f  (0) = 1 inflexion at e 2 , 3e3

iii f  (0) = 0
e No Exercise 6F
5 f  (a h) > 0, f  (a) = 0, f  (a + h) < 0, dr
f  (a) 0 1a 0.00127 m/min
dt
6a y 40 , 3200 dA
3 27 b = .08 m2 /min
dt
dx dy
20 , 40 40 ,
0 2 0.56 cm/s 3 = 39 units/s
3 3 3 dt dt
4 dx 3
x
0 20 4 = 0.048 cm/s
20 ,
0 (20, 8) dt 20
3 dv 5
(20, 40) 5 = units/min
  dt 6
20 20 1600 dA
bx= , , 6 = 0.08 0.25 cm2 /h
3 3 27 dt
decreasing for dc 1
c  [0, 20] 7 = cm/s
20 1600 dt 2
d , dy 1 t2 dx 2t
3 27 8a = =

7 a f (x) = ex (10 + 8x x2 ) dt (1 + t 2 )2 dt (1 + t 2 )2
dy t2 1
f  (x) = ex (18 + 6x x2 ) b =
b y (3 + 33, 53 623) dx 2t
dy sin 2t
9 = = tan t
dx 1 + cos 2t
3  3
10 y = x +1
0 10
x 3 18
3 + 33 dy dy
(10, 484 582) 11 a = 12 cm/s b = 16 cm/s
dt dt
12 2.4
c3+3 3 (3 + 3 3, 53 623) 5 6
  13 a cm/s b 4 3 cm/s
8 a (1, 1), (0, 1) b 12 , 32 2
9 (0, 0), (, ), (2, 2), (3, 3), (4, 4) 14 72 cm3 /s
10 a x = k, k Z b x = k, k Z 15 a 4 b 2 cm/s
cx=0 d x = 12 k, k Z 7 dV dh
3    16 cm/s 17 =A
12 a 2 , 2 b 1, 32 12 dt dt
dh h
13 a (0, 0), 6 18 a =
dt 4
b (1, 1), 8 & (1, 1), 8 dV 10 3
c (0, 3), 0 b i = m /h
dt 2
P1: GHM
0521609992ans-I.xml CUAT007-EVANS August 30, 2005 16:33

572 Essential Specialist Mathematics

Answers
dh 10 f y
ii = m/h
dt 8
1
19 a y = x + 2 (1, 3)
y=x+1
2
cos t 1 1
by= x+ 1
x
2 sin t sin t 0
2 (1, 1)
20 a y = x1 b y = 2x + 5
2 x=0
1 cos 
cy= x
2 sin  sin 
g y

y = 4x2
Exercise 6G
1a y x=2 (1, 12)
3
(2 , 0)
x=0 x
x=0 0

x h y
0 (1, 1)

(0, 1)

b y
y = x2
x
0 y=0

i y
(1, 2) (1, 2)
x = 1 x=1
x
0

0
c y x
(0, 1)

(1, 1)
0, 1
2 j y

x
0 y=0
y=1
d y

y=x x
0

k y
(1, 0)
x 1 4
0 (1, 0) ,
2 9
0
x
x=0 1 2 y=0
1

2

e y
y=x y
x=0 l

3 4
1 ,
x 2 25 y=0
3 0 (1, 0) 4 x
3 32 1 0 4
2,
2
P1: GHM
0521609992ans-I.xml CUAT007-EVANS August 30, 2005 16:33

Answers 573

2a y 7 Least value = 3

Answers
x = 3 x=3
8 Least value = 4
(0, 9) 1 y
y=
9 x2
y=0 y=x
x
3 0 3
1 (2, 4)
0,
9
x
0

b y x=0

1
2 ,4 9 a (3, 0) min; (3, 12) max
2 y
0 y=0 b
x
3 2 3 y=x6
1
0,
6
x
0 3 6
c y
6
(3, 12)

x=0
1 (1, 3) (0, 4)
1,
3 1 
x 10 a 2
, 6 min
y=0 0 1
0, b y
4

d y
y = 8x
x = 1 1
,6
2

x
1 0
3 ,0
(0, 1) 16
x x=0
y=0 1 0

e y

y = x2 + 2
Exercise 6H
(1, 4) (1, 4)
1a f  (x) = 90x8
b f  (x) = 224(2x + 5)6
0
x c f  (x) = 4 sin(2x)
x 
    d f  (x) = 19 cos
3 a 12 , 4 (min); 12 , 4 (max)  3  
3x 3x
b y = 154
x +1 
e f (x) = 2 sin
9
sec3
2 2
4 x = 12 5 Gradient = 12 1
6 a (1, 0); (4, 0) b x = 0, y = x 5 f f  (x) = 16e4x g f  (x) = 2
x
c (2, 1) (min); (2, 9) (max) x
h f  (x) = 
y (16 x 2 )3
y=x5 8x
i f  (x) = 
4 x
(1 4x 2 )3
0 1 5 4x
j f  (x) =
(4 + x 2 )2
5 (2, 1)
dy
2a = 24x(1 4x 2 )2
(2, 9) dx
dy 1
x=0 b = 
dx
2 (2 x)3
P1: GHM
0521609992ans-I.xml CUAT007-EVANS August 30, 2005 16:33

Answers 574 Essential Specialist Mathematics

dy
= sin x cos(cos x) dy 3x 2
c 13 a = b (0, 1), (0, 1)
dx dx 2y
dy sin(loge x) 
d = c (1, 0) e y = 1 x3
dx x 
1 f (0, 1), (0, 1)
sec2
dy x g y
e =
dx x2
dy 1
f = sin xecos x
dx
dy 3 dy 1 1
x
g = h =  O
dx 3x 4 dx x(2 x)
dy 2 1
i = 
dx 4x(x + 1)
dy 1
j = 2
dx x + 2x + 2 Multiple-choice questions
1 loge x 2x 1E 2E 3B 4E 5B
3a b 2
x2 (x + 1)2 6D 7C 8B 9C 10 D
1 1
c 2 d x
x 2x + 2 e +1 Short-answer questions

e
2 sin y + cos y
f
1 (technology-free)
cos y sin y 1 + x2 1 a tan x + x sec2 x
ex e x (cos x sin x) + cos x 1
sec2 (tan1 x) = 1
g h b
1e 2x (e x + 1)2 1 + x2
x 1
b 2b c d
4ai a 2 ii 3 1 x2 x x2
x x
5 a i 2 cos(2x) 6 sin(2x) 2 a 2 sec2 x tan x
ii 4 sin(2x) 12 cos(2x) sec2 x 2
b = 4 cot 2x cosec2 x = cosec2 x
sin2 x
Exercise 6I + sec2 x
2y x 2 2x 2 x2
1ax b c d 2 c 3
d ex (cos ex sin ex )
x y2 3y (1 x 2 ) 2
2y 2a 2  
e2 y g h 8 1024
f
x +3 y 1y 3a , b (2, 0)
3 27
 
x +2 y 2 1
2a b 2 c 2, loge (2) +
y x 2
2(x + y) y 2x 4a y
c d
1 2(x + y) 2y x 3
e y .2x sin 2x 1,
2
e f
1 x 2 .e y cos y (0, )
cos x cos(x y) f1
g
cos y cos(x y)
sin y (, 0)
h 4 x
5y x cos y + 6y 0 3
, 1
3 a x + y = 2 b 5x 12y = 9 2

c 16x 15y = 8 d y = 3 1 3 4
b c ,
dy y 1 2 7 1 x2 2 3
4 = 5 6 1 7 8
dx x 4 5 5 5a y

dy x 2 1 x = 1
9a = 2 c
dx y 9
10 y = 1, y = 1
dy (3x 2 + y) (0, 1)
11 a = d 220 or 212
dx x + 6y 2 2
x

dy yx
12 a = b (2, 2), (2, 2)
dx 2y x
P1: GHM
0521609992ans-I.xml CUAT007-EVANS August 30, 2005 16:33

Answers 575

b y 2000

Answers
2 a 80x + 50 +
x
b y
(1, 0)
x
y = 80x + 50
(0, 1)
y = 2 (5, 850) 2000
A = 80x + 50 + x
6a i y
50
x
0
y = f (x) + g(x)

x c minimum surface area = 850 cm2

0 (1, 0) x = 5, y = 5
d minimum surface area
ii y
2000
x=1
= + 40 10k cm2 ;
k
1 10 10k
y=
f (x) + g(x) x =y=
k

3 2 8000 3
x 3aA= x + 3x y by=
0 2 3x 2

3 2 8000 3
cA= x +
2 x
iii y d A

x = 1 x=1

3 2
y= x
2
(20, 6003)
x
0
x
0

b f (x) = x2 1
g(x) = (x 1)2 e minimum surface area = 600 3 cm2
c i f (x) + g(x) = 2x2 2x 4a y
1 1
ii = 2
f (x) + g(x) 2x 2x 4
100
1 1 2x 5,
iii + = 27
f (x) g(x) (x 1)2 (x + 1) x
0
(x + 1) 2y 2 (x + 1)
7 a 1 b c d 16x
y+3 x 2 y3 b i
(2 + x 2 )2 
8 a 324 m/s b 36 m/s 
16 4x 2
ii 1
Extended-response questions (2 + x 2 )2 2 + x2

6
1 b i & ii A c
3
d y

r=0 100 100

A = 2r2 5, 5,
27 27
(5, 150) 4
r
0 x
5 0 5
c 150 cm2
P1: GHM
0521609992ans-I.xml CUAT007-EVANS August 30, 2005 16:33

Answers 576 Essential Specialist Mathematics

100 c y
5a i y=
x2 1 x2
3000 y=
ii S = 60x 2 + 1 + x2 1
x x
iii S (cm2) 2 1 0 1 2
3 3
2, 1 2,
5 5
y
S = 60x2
(2.92, 1539) 3 33
, dy
3 4 4x
8 =
2, 1 dx (1 + x2)2
25 2
x (cm) x
0 2 1 0 1 8
1 2,
25
b 521 13
27
cm2 /s 3 33
,
c 1.63 cm or 4.78 cm 3 4

p p2 + 4 y
6aA= p
2 
dA p2 p2 + 4 44
(1, 1) (1, 1)
44
b i =  + 1 2,
125 1 2,
125
dp 2 p +4
2 2 x
ii A 2 1 0 1 2
3 3
,0 ,0
3 4 3

d2 y 4(3x 2 1)
=
dx2 (1 + x 2 )3
d i y = x + 1, y = x + 1

0
p 9 a i f  (x) = 0 ii f (x) =
2

iii 10.95 iii f (x) =
2
c i 0.315 sq. units/s dy
bi = cosec2 x
ii 0.605 sq. units/s dx
iii 9.800 sq. units/s dy
ii = (1 + y2 )
iv 15.800 sq. units/s dx
7 a 3ax2 + 2bx + c 1
c d cosec2 x + sec2 x
b 6ax + 2b 1 + x2
c b2 3ac dV 3000h
10 a i =
d i x =
b dh 1h
3a ii dV(m3/m)
ii max a < 0, min a > 0 dh (0.9, 84 823)
b
e
3
f i b2 < 4c
ii 3c < b2 < 4c
4(3x 2 1)
8 a ii
(1 + x 2 )3 0 0.9
h(m)

b y
b i 13219 litres
ii y
1 y = 3000 [loge (1 x) + x]
x (0.9, 13 219)
1 0 1
y = 3000 loge (1 x)
1 (0.9, 21 701)

Horizontal asymptote at y = 1
0 x
0.9
(0.9, 8482)
y = 3000x
c 0.0064 m/min
P1: GHM
0521609992ans-I.xml CUAT007-EVANS August 30, 2005 16:33

Answers 577

16 16 e 15 e5(x+4) f 13 loge |3x 2|

Answers
11 a f  (x) = +
x3 x 3
48 16 g h 32 x 4 23 x 3 + 2x 2 + x

b f (x) = 4 2 2x
x x i 2x 5 loge |x + 3|
c (1, 16 loge 2 24) dx= 3 2a0 b 20
5
c 13 loge 0.305
e (1, ) f x = 3.55 2 2
1 
g y d1 5
e 24 f + 1.324
2 16
3
e 1
g + h0 i0
3 6
j1 1 5 7
k 3 loge l 13 loge
11 4
0.5 (3x + 2)6
x 3a b 9 (3x + 2)
2 3/2
O 3.55 18
88 1
2, 8 loge (12)
3 c d 3x 2 loge |x + 1|
(1, 16 loge 2 24)  + 2)
3(3x 
3
  e 23 sin x f 203
(5x 1)4/3
2 2 cos  2
12 b i 3,
sin  4 a f (x) = 2x, F(x) = x2 + 3
  4
3 1 b f (x) = 4x2 , F(x) = x 3
c i M= , 3
2 cos  sin 
9 1 c f (x) = 2x2 + 8x 8,
ii + 2 =1 2 28
4x 2 y F(x) = x 3 + 4x 2 8x +
3x 3
2 sin  6 d f (x) = e , F(x) = ex + 3
d i y= x+ e f (x) = 2 sin x
3 cos  3 cos 
ii Z = (3(cos  sin ), F(x) = 2 2 cos x
2   
2(cos  + sin )) 1 x
f f (x) = , F(x) = tan +
iii (2x + 3y)2 + (3y 2x)2 = 144 4 + x2 2 2
 
 ab  5a y
13 a  
sin 2 
 y = F(x)
b  = (2n + 1) , n Z ; minimum
4
area =  ab  0 x
a b 2
14 b Q = , ;
 sec  tan  sec  tan  
a b
R= ,
sec  + tan  sec  + tan 
c Midpoint = (a sec , b tan ) b y
9 sin  cos 
15 a
4
9  y = F(x)
b Maximum area = when  =
 8  4
3 cos  3 sin  1
cM= ,
4 2
16x 2 4y 2 x
d + =1 1 0
9 9
2
x
16 a + y2 = 1 c y
4

Chapter 7
y = F(x)
Exercise 7A
  1
0
x
1 a 12 cos 2x + b sin(x) 1
 4 
3 2x
c cos d 13 e3x+1
2 3
P1: GHM
0521609992ans-I.xml CUAT007-EVANS August 30, 2005 16:33

Answers 578 Essential Specialist Mathematics

d y
e 1
(2x + 1)6 + c f 53 (9 + x 2 )3/2 + c
12
1
g 1
(x 2 3)6 + c h +c
y = F(x)
12
4(x 2 + 2x)2
1
0 i +c j2 1+x +c
5 3 1
x 3(3x + 1)2
k 15 (x 3x + 1)5 + c
1 3 2

l 3
2
loge (x 2 + 1) + c
m 32 loge |2 x2 | + c
e y
1
(x + 1)+ c
2 a tan
2 3 3(2x 1)
b tan1 +c
3   3
y = F(x) x +2
c sin1 +c
5  
1 1 x + 3
0 d sin (x 5) + c e sin +c
x
7
1 2

3 (x + 1) 3
f tan1 +c
6 2
f y

3 a 12 (2x + 3)3/2 + 10 1
(2x + 3)5/2 + c
2(1 x)5/2 2(1 x)3/2
y = F(x) b +c
5 3
c 9 (3x 7) + 3 (3x 7) + c
4 3/2 28 1/2
2
d 454
(3x 1)5/2 + 1027
(3x 1)3/2 + c
x 1
0 3 e 2 loge |x 1| +c
x 1
f 45 (3x + 1) + 27 (3x + 1)3/2 + c
2 5/2 16
Exercise 7B 3(x + 3)4/3

g 37 (x + 3)7/3 +c
x  5 1 x 5 4
1
1 a sin +c b tan +c 7
3 5 5 h 54 loge |2x + 1| + +c
  4(2x + 1)
x 2 3
(x 1) 2 (15x 2 + 12x + 8)
c tan1 (t) + c d 5 sin1 +c i 105

x  
5
 2 x 1 2
f 12 sin1 x2 + c j (3x + 4x + 8) + c
e 34 tan1 +c 15
4

t 10
g 10 sin1 +c
10 Exercise 7D
 
4t
1
h 12 tan1 +c 1 a 61
b 1
c 1
d 25
e 4
3

3 16 3 114 15
4
2 1 x 10 f loge 2 g h1
3 i 12 j loge 2
i sin +c
2 5 6 15
k loge l loge
7 3 1 y 3 2 8
j tan +c e+1
3 3 m loge = loge (e + 1) 1
  5 3 e
2a b c d
2 2 6 10
    Exercise 7E
e f g h
8 16
6 8
 3 1
1 a 12 x 14 sin 2x + c
i j tan 2 3 0.745
2 3 b 321
sin 4x 14 sin 2x + 38 x + c
Exercise 7C c 2 tan x 2x + c d 16 cos 6x + c
e 12 x 18 sin 4x + c f 12 tan 2x x + c
(x 2 + 1)4 1 g 8 x 32 sin 4x + c h 12 sin 2x + c
1 1
1 a +c b +c i cot x x + c
4 2(x 2 + 1)
1 j 12 sin 2x 16 sin3 2x + c
c 1
sin4 x + c d +c
4
sin x 2 a tan x (c = 0) b 1
2
tan(2x)(c = 0)
P1: GHM
0521609992ans-I.xml CUAT007-EVANS August 30, 2005 16:33

Answers 579
 
1

Answers
c 2 tan x (c = 0) Exercise 7G
2
1  
d tan(kx)(c = 0) 1+e
k 1p= 4
3
2 1
24
3 e 1 loge
e 3 tan(3x) x(c = 0)
1 2
4 9
5loge (5) 0.536
1
6c=
3
f 2x tan x (c = 0) g x (c = 0) 64 3
 
2
1/2
h tan x (c = 0) 7 181
cos6 3x + c 8 32 9 p = 85

 1 2 1 1 1
3a b + loge = loge 2 10 a +c 1
b 20 (4x 2 + 1)5/2 + c
4 2 2 2 2 2 sin2 x
1
c 13 d 14 + 32 3
 0.545 c 13 sin3 x 15 sin5 x + c d +c
 1 ex
e 43 f 11 1
4 x +1
 3 12 a 12 tan1 +c b 13 sin1 3x + c
g + 0.158 h1 2
2x + 1
24 64 c 12 sin1 2x + c d 16 tan1 +c
sin3 x 3
4 a sin x +c 1 
13 a b
x
3 x  2x x 1 6
b 43 cos3 4 cos +c 1
4 4 14 a 13 [ f (x)]3 + c b +c
1 f (x)
c 12 x + sin(8x) + c
16
  c loge ( f (x)) + c d cos[ f (x)] + c
3 sin6 t
d 7 sin t cos2 t + sin4 t +c dy 8 3x
5 7 15 = ;4 2
3
sin 5x
dx 2 4x
e 15 sin 5x +c 16 a = 2, b = 3, c = 1; x 2 3x +
1
+c
15 x 2
f 3x 2 sin 2x + 4 sin 4x + c
1

x 17 a b 42 c0 d loge 2 0.693
g 481
sin3 2x 64 1
sin 4x + +c 8  3
16 f loge 0.405
2 sin x3 5
sin x e 1 0.215
4 2
h sin x + +c
3 5 18 a sin2 x + c
1
b 14 cos 2x + c
2
dy 1
Exercise 7F 19 a = ;
  dx x +1
2
x 2 
1 a loge  +c 1
 dx = loge |x + x 2 + 1| + c
x + 5 5 x +1
2
 (x 2) 
b loge  +c dy 1
(x 1)4  b =
c 12 loge |(x +
dx x 1
2
 
 1)(x  1) | + c
3
x x + 2
x 1 20 a 12 tan1 , c = 0 b 14 loge  , c = 0
d 2x + loge  +c 2 2x
x + 1
3 c 4 loge |x| + 12 x2 , c = 0
e 2 loge |x + 2| + +c d 12 loge (4 + x 2 ), c = 0
x +2
f loge |(x 2)(x + 4) | + c
3 x
  e x 2tan1 , c = 0
 (x 3)3  2
2 a loge  +c f 12 tan1 2x, c = 0
x 2 
g 13 (4 + x 2 )3/2 , c = 0
b loge |(x 1) (x + 2)3 | + c
2

x2 h 25 (x + 4)5/2 83 (x + 4)3/2 , c = 0
c 2x + loge |(x + 2)1/4 (x 2)3/4 | + c
2 i 2 4 x, c = 0
d loge ((x + 1)2 (x + 4)2 ) + c x
j sin1 , c = 0
x3 x2 2
e x + 5 loge |x + 2| + c 2
3 2   k 8 4 x + (4 x)3/2 , c = 0
x 2  (x 1)4   3
f + x + loge  +c
2 x3  l 4 x 2 , c = 0
 x  x 4 x2
625 m 2 sin1 +
3 a loge 43 b loge 43 c 13 loge 2 2
512 dy
21 a = cos x x sin x;
d 1 + loge 32 e loge 10 f loge 4 + 4
 1/2
81 3 dx
g loge 74 0.28 h loge 23 x sin x d x = sin x x cos x + c
i 1
4
loge 13 j 5 loge 34 loge 2 b 
P1: GHM
0521609992ans-I.xml CUAT007-EVANS August 30, 2005 16:33

580 Essential Specialist Mathematics

Answers
5 3 2
22 c = ,d = 3 loge |x2 + 2x + 3|
1
2
2 2 2
23 a f  (x) = (n 1)sin2 x cosn2 x + cosn x 2(x + 1)
3 5 tan1 +c
c i ii 2
16 32 1
4a  , 2 sin1 x + c
 4 2 x(1 x)
iii iv
32 3 2x
b , sin1 (x 2 ) + c
1 1 1 x4
24 a (x + 1)
2n
(x + 1)1n + c x
2n 1n 5 a sin1 x + ,
1 1 1 x2
b +
n+2 n+1 x sin1 x + 1 x 2 + c
25 a 13 a 2 + a + 1 b 32 b loge |x| + 1, x loge |x| x + c
x
a 2 + b2 1 c tan1 x + ,
26 a b 1 + x2
1
(a cos x + b sin x)2 ab x tan x 2 loge (1 + x2 ) + c
1

1 6 a 18 cos 4x b 19 (x 3 + 1)3
27 a Un + Un2 =
n1 1 2
 c d 12 e1x
28 a 1 c 2(3 + 2 sin ) 
4 e tan(x + 3) x f 6 + 2x 2
1
Multiple-choice questions g 1
3
tan3 x h
3 cos3 x
1E 2C 3C 4D 5A i 1
3
tan 3x x
6C 7D 8C 9A 10 D 7 a 158
b 39 c 1
4 2

Short-answer questions d 23 (2 2 1) e f 1
3
loge 1
9
2
  1
(technology-free) 1 2
8 1
2
x +
2
(2x x 2 ), 3 2
1 a 16 sin 2x(3 sin2 2x) x
b 14 (loge (4x2 + 1) + 6 tan1 2x) Chapter 8
 
 1 + 2x 
c 14 loge   d 14 1 4x 2
1 2x  Exercise 8A
 
 1 + 2x 
e 4 x + 16 loge 
1 1  
1 2x  1 Area = sin1 2
3
square units
3 y
f 16 (1 2x 2 ) 2
 
2 1
g 12 x 1
4
sin 2x 0,
3
3
1
h (x 2 2) 2 i 2 x 12 sin 6x
1 1
x
3 1 0 1 3
j 16 cos 2x (cos2 2x 3) x=
2
x=
2
3  
k 2(x + 1) 2 15 (x + 1) 13 9
2 Area = square units
x 1 4y
l 12 tan x m 3x+1
e 3e
9
1 x sin 4x 0,
n loge |x 2 1| o 4
2 8 32
p 12 x2 x + loge |1 + x| x
2 0 2
3
2 a 13 b 12 loge 3
8
3 Area = 4
3
loge 5 square units
5 5 y
c 13 1 d 16 loge 74
8
e 2 + loge 32 81
f 23
   0,
4
g h i 9
6 4 4 x
 3 2
3 2 0 2 3
j k loge l 6 x = 3 x=3
16 2
P1: GHM
0521609992ans-I.xml CUAT007-EVANS August 30, 2005 16:33

Answers 581

4 Area = 2 23 square units 7 a (0, 1) b y = 1

Answers
5 Area = 32 + 2 loge 2 square units c  2 square units
y 4
8 a (0, ) (4, 0) (1, 0) b y = x; x = 3
y=x 3 y
c
x = 3 y=x
0
x
1 2
1
x
(4, 0) 0 (1, 0)
4
0,
 3
6 a Area = loge 2 square units
4 y
d Area = 31 12 + 4 loge 4
11
square units

y= 9 a R\{1, 2}
2
b y

1,
4 x
0 3
,4
2
y=0
y= x
2 0 1 2
1 1
b Area = square unit 0,
2
2
y

1
, c Range of g = R [4, )
2
d Area = loge 34

0,
2 = loge 43 square units
x
1 0 1 y
10
2 2

 0
c Area = square units 1 1
x
2 (0, 3)
d Area = ( 2) square units
y
(1, )  1
2 3 
dx =
0 1 x2 2
0 1
x 
11 square units
12
12 y
(1, )
3,
3
e Area = ( 2) square units y=
2
y
x
2, 0 3
2
y=
2
x
0 2  3
Area = loge 2 square units

3
2,
2
13 1 square unit 14 23 square units
1
15 3 square units
5
f Integral = 3 16 y
6y
y=2
2,
2
x
0 3
1
x
0 2
1,
6
x = 3

Area = 6 loge 2 square units

P1: GHM
0521609992ans-I.xml CUAT007-EVANS August 30, 2005 16:33

582 Essential Specialist Mathematics

 
Answers
1 2 c y
17 b ,2 local minimum.
4 3
c y
6 y=6x y = x
1 2
,2 (4, 2)
(0, 3) 4 3
1
x= x=1
2
x (1, 1) (5, 1)
0
x
0 6

Area = 2 16 square units

d 3
2
loge 4 square units d y

Exercise 8B 2

1
1 (3, 3) (2, 0); 13 square units x
2 13 square units. 1 0 1

3 a 17 square units
24
5
Area = ( 2) square units
b 6
square units e y

4 y 1,
2
y = f (x) 1
,
2 6
x
0 1
x
x = 2 0 x=2 2
(0, 4)
1,
2

 3
Area = 8 loge 3 22
3
square units Area = 1+ square units
12 2
5a=e 2
f y
6 a 4 12 square units
11 1 (, 1)
b 6
square units
1 y = 1 sin x
11
c 6
square units 2
x
0 5
7a y
6 6
1 y = cos 2x
2
y = 2 sin x

 3
1 Area = 2
3 2
x

0 2 3
+ square units
1 3 2
y = sin 2x   
= 2 + 3 square units
3
Area = 4 square units g y
b y
1
y = (x2 + 1)
y = cos x 1 y = sin 2x 3
3
y=
x x2 + 1
0 x
1
2 6 2 2 0 2 0,
1 3
Area 4.161 square units
Area = 2 12 square units
P1: GHM
0521609992ans-I.xml CUAT007-EVANS August 30, 2005 16:33

Answers 583

8a y 13 a (2 2, 1), (2 2, 1) b 33.36

Answers
y = loge x 9
14 15 3.772
2
16 a a = 4, b = 2 5 b 5.06 17 4

x
0 1 e Exercise 8C
1 a i 1.583 19
ii
12
Area = 1 square unit b i 0.950 ii 2 16
b y 3
9 3
y = loge 2x c i 0.097 ii
160
(1, loge 2) d i 1.614 ii 3 + 2 loge 1
2
e i 0.586 ii 2 2
x
0 1 1 f i 0.859 ii 1
2
(e 1)
2 2 a 4.24 b 3.14 c 1.03 d 0.67
  e 1.95 f 0.66 g 0.64 h 0.88
Area = loge 2 12 square units
i 1.09 j 0.83
9 a f  (x) = ex + xex b x = 1
c y 3 a loge x b loge x c ex 1

d 1 cos x e tan1 (x) +
4
f sin1 (x)
4a y
x
0
1
(1, e )

1
dy=
 e
3 x
e Area = 1 square units 0
e

(Note: As f (x) = e + xe
x x b y

xe x d x = xe x e x + c)
10 y

x
2 y = loge x + 1 0
(1, 1)
2
x
0 (e 1, 0)
c y

a y = 2 x 
1 1
b Area = + square units
2 e
y x
11 0

(1, 6)
d y
y=3
(0, 2)
(3, 2)
x
0 1 2 x
0

 16 
Area = 3
3 loge 3 square units
P1: GHM
0521609992ans-I.xml CUAT007-EVANS August 30, 2005 16:33

Answers 584 Essential Specialist Mathematics

e y 16
14 a cubic units

3
4

e 23
b 4e2 + cubic units
2 2
e
(1, 0.84) 15 a 1 square units
2
x 
0 b (e2 3) cubic units
6
16 2
16 cubic units 17 cubic units
Exercise 8D 15 2
7 19
18 cubic units 19 cubic units
1 a 8 cubic units 10  6
364 1
b cubic units 20  loge 2 cubic units
3 2
343 22 (8 2 ) cubic units
2
c cubic units  4
6 24 a tan1 b 4
2 3 3
d cubic units 25 176 779 cm3
4
 4ab2 4a 2 b
e (e4 1) cubic units 26 a b
2 3 3
f 36 cubic units 27 a x + y = 8
32 64 64
2 Area = square units bi ii
3 3 3
Volume = 8 cubic units 9
28 a y = 2x +
2 x
3 cubic units y
3

4 cubic units
2 32
3 , 62 y = 2x
5a cubic units 2
4
x
28 0
b cubic units 32
15 , 62
2
c 2 cubic units
4a 3
d cubic units
3 482
e 36 cubic units b
3
f 18 cubic units 29 2.642
 cubic units

4
1088 30 4 3
6 cubic units 3
15
7
21
cubic units
Multiple-choice questions
4
3 1C 2D 3B 4C 5C
8 cubic units 6E 7B 8D 9C 10 E
10
32
9
3
cubic units Short-answer questions
11 y (technology-free)
1
,1 ,1 1
4 2 3

y = sin x 2a 1 b1
2  
3a b ( 2) c ( + 2)
y = sin 2x 8 8
2048
x d e 40
0 15
119
2 4
4 7 6 20 10 2
12 13 5 a 12 b
13 6 3 3
P1: GHM
0521609992ans-I.xml CUAT007-EVANS August 30, 2005 16:33

Answers 585

14 y

Answers
6 y

x= x= y=x5
2 2
(1, 0) (4, 0)
x
0

(0, 1)
x
0

Volume = 2 Area = 7.5 4 loge 4

16 15 y
7 a (0, 0), (2, 4) b
3 x = 1 x=2
8a y

1
0,
(0, 1) 2
x
0
(1, 0) (1, 0)
x
0

4 Area = 1
2
1
3
loge 4
b
3
9 a A = (1, 1), B = (1, 1), C = (0, 2) Extended-response questions
44 y
b 1a
15
10 a y 1
y=1
2
x
1 0 2

(2, 0)
x
0 x = 2

4 16 b 2 loge 2 square

 units
b c
3 15 4 9
b5 b c 2 loge 2 cubic units
11 a i ii 8 x

5 2 2 a f (x) = + tan1 x
b b = 2.5 1 + x2

12 a y b 12 loge 2 c 12 loge 2 square units
4
2 tan1 x
(0, 1) d i g (x) =
1 + x2
iii y

x
0
dy 8x 3 2
b = ,x+y=1 c 4
dx (4x 2 + 1)2 8
y
13 a
y=x x
0

f +g
 
e 1 cubic units
0
x 2
3 a i loge x + 1; x loge x x + c
ii (loge x)2 + 2 loge x;
y x(loge x)2 2x loge x + 2x + c
b y
y=x
(2, e2) (2, e2)
f g
(3, 0) (3, 0)
x
0 y = ex y = ex

(0, 1)
x
0
b 18 loge 3
P1: GHM
0521609992ans-II.xml CUAT007-EVANS August 31, 2005 16:37

Answers 586 Essential Specialist Mathematics

c V = 2(e2 1) cm3 13 a i d = 0
40 cm3 125a + 25b + 5c = 1
 4R 1000a + 100b + 10c = 2.5
4 a cubic units b units per second
2  27 000a + 900b + 30c = 10
 2 7 27 83
ci cubic units ii units ii a = ,b = ,c = ,
8 2 30000 2000 600
2 2 d=0
5bi a=1 ii
3 273
a b
c 2 
2(a 2 + 1) ci V =
900
 000 000
6a y
30

4
,8 (7x 3 + 405x 2 + 4150x)2 d x
8 y = 16 sin2 x 0
362 083
y = 3 sec2 x
ii
400
d i w = 16.729335
3 ,6
4
1 978 810 99
ii = 2487 (to 4 significant
0

x 2 500 00
figures)
4  
  4 135 1179
b ,4 c3 3 e ,
6 3 7 196

7 a a = 1; f (x) = loge (x 1) + 1 14 a
y 3
b 2 3
x=1 b Maximum volume of cubic units
27
3
when k =
3
x H 2
0 1 + e 1 15 a (a + ab + b2 ) cm3
3
H
b (7a2 + 4ab + b2 ) cm3
24
 H (r 3 a 3 )
c domain of f 1 = R, cV=
3(b a)
range of f 1 = (1, ) dV  Hr 2 H (r a)
2 di = ii h =
d 2 e1 e f (x) dx = e1 dr ba ba
1+e1 dV
8 a a = 2 e i = 2r2
dr
b i domain of f 1 = [3, 3] dr 1 dh 1
range of f 1 = [0, 2] ii = , =
x dt 96 dt 48
ii f 1 (x) = 2 cos1
3 Chapter 9
iii y

(3, 2)
Exercise 9A

1 a y = 4e2t 2 b y = x loge |x| x + 4

3 0 (3, 0)
x
c y = 2x + 79 d y loge |y + 1| = x 3
1 1
e y = x4 x + 2
2 2
2 11 2x 4 2x
c gradient = fy= e + e
3 5 5
9 2
d V1 = V2 = cubic units g x = 3 sin 3t + 2 cos 3t + 2
2
34 2 4 2, 5 5 a = 0, b = 1, c = 1
10 a Area = (r2 y2 )
4ab2 6 a = 0, b = 12
11 a cubic units b 4 3a 2 b cubic units 7 a = 1, b = 6, c = 18, d = 24
3
 3
12 b
6  16    Exercise 9B
 3 3
c + loge 3 =  + loge ( 3)
2 16 32 1 a y = 13 x 3 32 x 2 + 2x + c
P1: GHM
0521609992ans-II.xml CUAT007-EVANS August 31, 2005 16:37

Answers 587

b y = 12 x2 + 3x loge |x| + c cy= 1

1
loge |2c 2x|

Answers
2 2
c y = 2x 4
+ 4x3 + 3x2 + x + c 1
d y = tan (x c) e y = cos1 (ecx )
d y =2 x +c e y = 12 loge |2t 1| + c
1 + Ae2x
f y = 3 cos(3t 2) + c
1
fy= g y = tan(x c)
1 Ae2x
g y = 12 loge | cos(2t)| + c
y h x = 3 y + y2 + c
5 3
i y = 14 (x c)2
h x = 13 e3y + c i x = sin1 + c 4Ae 4x
2 jy=
1 1 Ae4x
jx= +c
y1 2 a y = ex+1 b y = ex4 1
1 c y = e2x2 d y = 12 (e2x + 1)
2 a y = x 5 + cx + d
4 y
ex=ye +1
4 5
by= (1 x) 2 + cx + d f y = 3 cos x,  < x < 0
15 3(e6x7 1)
1   g y = 6x7
c y = sin 2x + + cx + d e +1
4 4  
x h y = 13 tan 3x, < x <
d y = 4e 2 + cx + d 6 6
4
e y = loge |cos x| + cx + d i y = x
f y = loge |x + 1| + cx + d e 2 1
x 1 3 a y = [3(x c)] 3 b y = 12 (Ae2x + 1)
3ay= b y = 1 ex
1 x2
c y = x 4 loge x + 1
2
1 Exercise 9D
d y = loge |x2 4|
2 dx
1
e y = (x 2 4) 2
3 95 3 1a = 2t + 1, x = t2 + t + 3
3 12 dt
 dx
f y = sin1 +
x b = 3t 1, x = 32 t2 t + 12
2 6  dt
dx
1 2 + x  c = 2t + 8, x = t2 + 8t 15
g y = loge  +2 dt
4 2x dy 1 dy 1
1 x  2a = , y = 0 b = 2 , y = 0
h y = tan1 + dx y dx y
2 2 4 dN k
2 5 8 3 c = 2 , N = 0, k > 0
i y = (4 x) (4 x) 2 + 8
2 dt N
5  x 3 dx k
e +1 d = , x = 0, k > 0
j y = loge dt x
2 dm dy x
4 a y = ex ex + 2x e = km, k < 0 f = , y = 0
dt dx 3y
b y = x2 2x3 dP
1 3a i = kP
c y = x2 + sin 2x 1 dt
4 1
d y = 12 x2 2x + loge |x| + 3 ii t = loge P + c, P > 0
k

e y = x tan1 x + b i 1269 t
4
f y = 8x3 + 12x2 + 6x ii P = 1000(1.1) 2 , t 0
x P
g y = sin1
2
5 a y = 32 x2 + 4x + c
b y = 13 x3 + cx + d
c y = loge |x 3| + c
6 a y = 2x + ex
9
b y = 12 x2 12 cos 2x +
2 1000
c y = 2 loge |2 x|
0 t
dP
4a i = k P, k < 0, P > 0
Exercise 9C dt
2 P
ii t = + c, k < 0
1ay= 1
3
(Ae3x + 5) by= 1
2
(Ae2x + 1) k
b i 12079
P1: GHM
0521609992ans-II.xml CUAT007-EVANS August 31, 2005 16:37

Answers 588 Essential Specialist Mathematics

ii m
P 16 a 0.25 kg/min b kg/min
100
dm m
c = 0.25
dt  100
t
15 000 d m = 25 1 e 100 , t 0
e 51 minutes
f m
0 t
256
56 135
dP k
5a i = , k > 0, P > 0 25
dt P
1 2
ii t = P +c
2k
b i P = 50 000 21t + 400, t 0 0 t
ii P dx 10 x
17 a = b 11.16 minutes
dt 50
dx 80 x t
18 a = ; x = 80 70e 200
dt 200
dx x
b = 0.4
dt 400 + t
dx x t 
1000 000
19 = 5 ; x = 50 1 e 10 , t 0
0 t dt 10
x dx x t
6y= 10e 10 20 a = b x = 10e 10
dt 10
7  = 331.55 K c x
8 23.22  t 
1
10 a x = 20 14e 10 b 19 minutes
3 x (0, 10)
11 y = 100 90e 10
y

0 t
100
d 10 loge 2 6.93 min 
t
21 a N = 50 000 99e 10 + 1 , t 0
10
x b At the end of 1996
0

12 13 500
13 a 14 400 b 13 711 c 14 182 Exercise 9E
dV
14 a = 0.3 0.2 V , V > 0 dh 2000
dt 1a = ,h>0
dm 6m dt h 2
b = 50 , 0 t < 100
dt 100 t dh 1
dx 5x b = (Q c h), h > 0
c = ,t 0 dt A
dt 200 + t dh 32 V
m dm m c = ,V>0
15 a kg/min b = dt 60
100 dt 100
t dh 4 h
c m = 20e 100 , t 0 d = ,h>0
d m dt 9
2 5/2
2at= h + 250
25
b 13 hrs 5 mins
20 dx 1
3a =
dt 480 4 x
3
b t = 320(4 x) 2 c 42 hrs 40 min
dr 2
4a = 8r 2 br =
0 t dt 16t + 1
P1: GHM
0521609992ans-II.xml CUAT007-EVANS August 31, 2005 16:37

Answers 589

dh 1000

Answers
5a = (Q kh), h > 0 Exercise 9H
dt A  
A Q kh 0 1a
bt = loge , Q > kh 0 y

 1000k  Q kh
A
c loge 2 minutes
1000k

x
Exercise 9F 3 2 1 O 1 2 3

1 a 1.7443 b 1.8309 c4 d 3.2556

2 a y = 12 loge (x2 + 1) + x tan1 x + c
x4 b y
c y
b y = 14 x4 loge |x| +c
 16 
c y = e3x 13 3
sin 2x 13
2
cos 2x + c
  3
d y = e3x 13 3
cos 2x + 132
sin 2x + c 2
2x 1
ey= +c x
loge (2) O x
O 2

Exercise 9G
1 a y3 1.2975 b y4 0.0388
c y3 1.3144 d y3 0.0148
2 a i 1.8415 Multiple-choice questions
ii Euler 1.8438, FnInt 1.8415
b i 0.5 1C 2D 3B 4A 5E
ii Euler 0.5038, FnInt 0.5 6C 7D 8E 9A 10 C
c i 2.2190
ii Euler 2.2169, FnInt 2.2190 Short-answer questions
d i 0.4055 (technology-free)
ii Euler 0.4076, FnInt 0.4055 1
1ay=x +c b y = e10x+c
3 a tan(1) + 2 x 
b i 3.444969502 ii 3.498989223 sin 3t cos 2t
c y = 12 + + at +b
iii 3.545369041 9 4
3x
4 0.66019008 5 2.474287 e
dy= + ex + ax + b
6 0.30022359 9 x 3x 1 2
7 a, b e y = 3 e 2 +c fy= x +c
2 4
Pr(Z < z) 2 a y = 2 sin (2x) 1
1

z Eulers method from tables b y = 12 loge |sin 2x|

0 0.5 0.5 c y = loge |x| + 12 x2 12
0.1 0.53989423 0.53983 d y = 12 loge (1 + x2 ) + 1
x
0.2 0.57958948 0.57926 e y = e 2 f x = 64 + 4t 5t2
0.3 0.61869375 0.61791 3 a k = 2, m = 2
0.4 0.65683253 0.65542 dx 3
4 =
0.5 0.69365955 0.69146 dt x(12 x)
dC 8
0.6 0.72886608 0.72575 5 =
dt C
0.7 0.76218854 0.75804 dS S t
6 = ; S = 3e 25
0.8 0.79341393 0.78814 dt 25
0.9 0.82238309 0.81594 7 100 loge 2 days
t
8 a  = 30 20e 20 b 29 c 14 mins
1 0.84899161 0.84134
dA
9a = 0.02 A b 0.5 e ha
0.2
c 89 12 h
c i 0.69169538 ii 0.84212759 dt
P1: GHM
0521609992ans-II.xml CUAT007-EVANS August 31, 2005 16:37

Answers 590 Essential Specialist Mathematics

2L L3 100
10 x = , maximum deflection = e
3 216 k
dh 6 0.15 h 2L L
11 = 6a b
dt h 2 3 60
dT 100 T t
7a = b T = 100 80e 40
Extended-response questions dt 40
dx c 62.2 C
1a i = kx, k > 0 d T
dt
t loge 2
ii x = 100e 5760 , t 0
b 6617 years 100
c x

100
20
t
0  
W
8 a i t = 25 loge ,W > 0
350
t
t
0 ii W = 350e 25
dx 3k W
2a = (8 x)(4 x)
dt 16
1 8x
bt =   loge
7 8 2x
loge
6
52
c 2 min 38 seconds d kg 350
31
dT
3a = k(T Ts ), k < 0 0 t
dt
b i 19.2 mins ii 42.2 C iii 2586
  b0

1 kp 1000 9W
4 b t = loge , kp > 1000 c i t = 25 loge ,
k 5000k 1000 7(800 W )
c iii 0.22
1 0 < W < 800
d p = [ekt (5000k 1000) + 1000] t
k 5600e 25
ii W = t
P
9 + 7e 25
W

800

5000
0
350
t
dN 0 t
5a = 100 k N , k > 0
dt   iii 681
1 100 1000k
b t = loge R
k 100 k N 9 a ii x = (1 ekt )
c 0.16 k
b i x
1
d N = (100 ekt (100 1000k))
k
N
1000

1000

100
0 t
k
ii 4.46 hours
0 t
c i 13.86 hours after the drip is disconnected
P1: GHM
0521609992ans-II.xml CUAT007-EVANS August 31, 2005 16:37

Answers 591
  
t 

1000 1 e 20 5 13 a 585.6 m b590.70 m

Answers
0 t 20 loge
ii x =   4 1 1 2t + 3
t 5 14 x = t loge
250e 20 t > 20 loge
x 4  6 4 3
3 3 
15 m
200 2 3
16 a 0 m/s b 12 m/s c 1
loge 2 m
2
1 t2
dx= 1
loge (1 + t )
2
e x =
100 2
(1 + t 2 )2
f 0.1 m/s2 g 8 m/s2
1

0 t 17 5.25 s 18 1.1 s 19 18.14 m/s

5
   
5 5
20 loge 20 loge Exercise 10B
4 2

Chapter 10 1 3 m/s2
2 a 12960 km/h2 b 1 m/s2
3 a 12 m b 14 m/s c 2.5 s d 37 m
Exercise 10A 4 a i 22.4 m ii 22.5 m
bi 5s ii 28 m/s
1 a t = 0, x = 0; t = 1, x = 2; t = 2, x = 2; 10 20
t = 3, x = 0; t = 4, x = 4 5a s b 10 m c s
7 7
6 a 200 s b 2 km

x 10 10
4 3 2 1 0 1 2 7a s b 14 10 m/s
b 6m c 1 m/s d v = 3 2t 7
8 a 4.37 s b 6 30 m/s
e 2 m/s f x = 94 , t = 32 g 17
2
m
9 a 1.25 s b 62.5 cm
h 17
8
m/s 1
2 a 2, 4 b 12 m/s2 c 10 m/s d 6 m/s 10 a 0.23 b5 s
3
3 a 3 m/s b 1, 3 c 12 m/s2 55
4 11 a 0.64 m/s2 b s
4 0, 4
3
1
5 a 25
4
m/s b 563
m 12 a 4 s b m/s2
6 a 30 m/s 2
b 4, 6 c 4 m d 120 m 2
7 a 20 m/s b 32 m
8 a 42 m/s  b6 s c 198 m Exercise 10C
1
9 a x = 2 sin t + 0.5
2 1 a ii 60 m b ii 20 m
x
b
c ii 30 m d ii 55 m
e ii 44 m 70
f ii m
2.5 3
165
0.5
(4, 0.5) g ii m h ii 24.5 m
0 t 2
2 3 4 1 1
1.5 2a i v= t+5 ii a =
2 2
t2
iii x = + 5t
The object is instantaneously at rest at 4
t =  and 3 2 2 4
  b i v = t + 10 ii a = t
c a = 12 sin 12 t 5 5
d i x = 4a 2 3
 + 0.5 iii x = t + 10t
15
ii x = 2 1 v 2 + 0.5
 c i v = 2t 10 ii a = 2
iii v = 1 4a 2 iii x = t2 10t
10 a l s and 15.5 m; 4 s and 2 m d i v = 6(t 1)(t 5)
b 6.5 m/s c 6 m/s d 9 m e2m ii a = 12(t 3)
11 a 9 m/s b 2 s iii x = 2(t3 9t2 + 15t)
12 a i v = 9.8t ii x = 4.9t2 
e i v = 10 sin t + 10
b 19.6 m c 19.6 m/s 10
P1: GHM
0521609992ans-II.xml CUAT007-EVANS August 31, 2005 16:37

592 Essential Specialist Mathematics


Answers
ii a =  cos t 3 a v = 3(et 1) b a = 3et
 10  c x = 3(et t 1)
10 10  g g
iii x = 10 t + cos t 4 a v = (1 ekt ) b
  10 k  k

f i v = 10e2t ii a = 20e2t  3t
5 a v = tan
iii x = 5e2t 5 3 10  

3a v (m/s)  3t
b x = loge 2 cos
10
3

3 10
 t 
6 v = 450 1 e 50
20

4 2t
7 v = 15 cos cos1 +
0 t (s) 5 5
10 14 T + 10 2t

5(T 4)
8 a x = 5e 5   b 273 m
500
9 a t = 50 loge
500 v
b 23.80 s  t 
4 189 m b v = 500 1 e 50
v t
1
10 loge 2 11 v = 8e 5 ; 3.59 m/s
k
90
12 a v = b 91.66 m
14 2t + 3

t Exercise 10E
0 3 13 17

1 a v = 4 m/s b t = loge 2
5 v
c x = 2(1 loge 2)
1
2av=
x +1
1
83 b i x = et 1 ii a = et
iii a = v
 
t 5 g + 0.2v 2
0 96 120 3x= loge ;
2 g + 2000
 
a=
25
xmax = 8 13 m/s 5 g + 2000
xmax = loge
288 2 g
6 68 13 s 7 10 s, 150 m 4 a x = cos 2t b a = 4x

8 10(3 + 3) s, 200(2 + 3) m 5 a v = loge (1 + t) b v2 = 2 loge (1 + x)
9a2s b 7 13 m
c v = 2t + 1 1
10 36 s x
6 v2 =
11 a 3600 m, 80 km/h 2+x
b 90 s after A passed B, 200 m 7a4 b 2 loge 2 1
12 a y = k(1 et ) 8 a 9.83 m b 1.01 s
v
Multiple-choice questions
1A 2C 3A 4D 5B
0 t 6C 7C 8C 9A 10 E

k Short-answer questions
b limiting velocity of k m/s
(technology-free)
1 a after 3.5 seconds b 2 m/s2 c 14.5 m
Exercise 10D d when t = 2.5 s and the particle is 1.25 m to
the left of O
1
1a7m b4m 2 x = 215 3 , v = 73
100 2
2ax= 1
2
loge (2e 1)
2t
b 3 a 57.6 km/h b 1 minute after 6 seconds
3
2401
c 0.24
P1: GHM
0521609992ans-II.xml CUAT007-EVANS August 31, 2005 16:37

Answers 593

25000 2a i

Answers
v (m/s)
4a m/s2 b 0.4125 m
3
c 10000 m/s2 d 0.5 m
e 37500 m/s2 f 0.075 m e 0.5
1 + loge 2
5 a 44 m/s b v = 55 11t 0 t (s)
c 44 m/s d5s e 247.5 m
t 9
6a2s bv = , a=
9t 2 3
(9 t 2 ) 2 ii 1.27 m iii 1.47 m
c3m dt=0
b B = 10, A = 4.70
7 a 20 m/s b 32 m
109 3 a 30 min
8 a x = 20 b m/s b i a = k (sin t + t cos t 1)
8
ii 0.18 h (from 0 to 0.18 h)
9 a i v = 35 3g up c 845
ii v = 5g 35 down 40m
352
b metres c 35 m/s 5 a i v = 4 10t 3t2
g ii a = 10 6t iii 0.36
v
10
iv t = 0 or 0.70 v t = 2.92
(5, 10) (11, 10) 7
b i x = t t + 2t ii s
2 3
iii Yes
3
5    
6a i v= sin t+
(13, 0) 4 4 3
t
5 2  
Distance = 95 m ii a = cos t+
16 4 3
4 4 
11 v = ,a = b i v= 25 x 2
t 1 (t 1)2 4
12 16 m 2 x
80 + 0.4g ii a =
13 a 80 + 0.4g m/s b s 16
g c 3.4 cm/s
(80 + 0.4g) 2
2(80 0.4g) d 1.54 cm/s2
c m d s 5
2g g e i 5 cm ii cm/s
4
5 2
iii cm/s2
16
Extended-response

questions
 300(1 4510t) 1
t 7av = ,0 t
1 a 10 m/s2 b v = 50 1 e 5 12 300t + 1 4510
c i v (m/s) b v (m/s)

300

50
0 t (s)
1
0 t (s) 4510
ii 14.98  t  1
c i x = 110t + loge (12 300t + 1)
d i x = 50 t + 5e 5 5 30 
ii x (m) 1 410
ii x= loge
30 v + 110

110 11
+
v + 110 41
iii 19 mm

y = 50(t 5) 110
d i t=
33000 
1 3 110 1 v 110
t (s)
tan tan
0 11 1100
5
iii 1.32 s
P1: GHM
0521609992ans-II.xml CUAT007-EVANS August 31, 2005 16:37

594 Essential Specialist Mathematics

  
Answers
1 3 110 ii V
ii v = 10 110 tan tan
11


300 110t , VP
VQ

110 tan1 3 11110
0t 2
33 000
3
iii v (m/s) 4 t
0 1 5

b i 2.2
300 ii 0 < t < 2.2, t > 6.8
11 a i 4.85 m/s ii 0.49 s
b i v = 9.8t 12 t 2
ii x = 4.9t 2 16 t 3
0 t (s) iii 0.50 s
3110 c i x = 1.2 2.45t2 ii 6 cm
110tan1 11 12 a 3 s
33 000 2t, 0t 3
iv 20 mm b v = 6, 3 < t 13
13t
8 a 30.05 8e 2, 13 < t 13 + loge 4
  c 14.4 s
dv 3 364
b i = 3t 2 42t + , d v (m/s)
dt 10 3
4 t 10
ii t = 7 (Chasing for 3 s)
c v (m/s)
6

30.05 Vp t (s)
25 0 3 13 13 + log e 4
Vm
e 72.2 m
0 t (s)
4 10 13 a v

d i 90.3 m 2
ii x p =
0, 0t <4 0 t

2 3
3 21 3 91 2 1281 401
t4 + t t t , 4 t 10
40
601 1051
10 5 20 5
t , t > 10
20 5
e 41.62 s
9 a V (km/h) 19
b c 5.52
3

VA
Chapter 11
9
8 VB 11.1 Multiple-choice
questions
0 t (h)
1 3 7 1D 2D 3B 4B 5C
b t = 1 or 7 6A 7C 8C 9C 10 C
c i 11.7 h ii 1.7 h 11 B 12 C 13 E 14 B 15 A
10 a i t = 1 or 5 16 A 17 B 18 E 19 A 20 D
21 A 22 A 23 D 24 B 25 B
26 C 27 C 28 D 29 B 30 E
P1: GHM
0521609992ans-II.xml CUAT007-EVANS August 31, 2005 16:37

Answers 595

31 D 32 B 33 E 34 B 35 B e i dV

Answers
36 E 37 E 38 E 39 A 40 C dt
41 C 42 B 43 A 44 D 45 C
46 C 47 E 48 A 49 B 50 A 0 h
51 A 52 E 53 D 54 E 55 A
56 C 57 A 58 C 59 C 60 C
3 a3
61 B 62 C 63 D 64 A 65 B a,
2T
66 C 67 A 68 A 69 A 70 D  
71 C 72 D 73 C 74 A 75 B dV 3a 2
= h
76 A 77 D 78 A 79 E dt 2T
ii dh
dt

11.2 Extended-response
questions 3a
0 h
0,
4t
1 a 1250 3a
10 5t a,
2T
b ii iii h = + 25
3  6  
5t 2 dh 3a 2
iv V = 2 25 =
6 dt 2T (2a h)
c i V
a 6a
(25, 1250) fi ii g 0.37
T 7T  
2ax b b 4a
5a b ,
(ax 2 + bx + c)2 2a 4ac b2
b i a > 0, turning point is a maximum.
ii a < 0, turning point is a minimum.
h c i y
0

ii V b 4a
,
2a 4ac b2
(0, 1250)
1
0, c

x
0
(30, 0)
t y = 0 is only asymptote
0
ii y
2a y x=1
x
0
1
0, c
(3, 0)
x
0
b 4a
,
y = 3 2a 4ac b2
(0, 9)
y = 0 is only asymptote
d i y
b
x=
b (2, 3), (3, 0) c 4.5 loge 64 2a
d y = 3x + 62
y = 3x 6 2 
dv 25h
3e i = + 100 1
0, c
dh 3
dh 9 h x
ii = 0
dt 625 2 (h + 12)2
f 65 days 19 hours asymptote at y = 0
4 a ii 6.355 cm d 15.7
P1: GHM
0521609992ans-II.xml CUAT007-EVANS August 31, 2005 16:37

596 Essential Specialist Mathematics


Answers
ii y 3 2
k p
x= b 10 b
2a k
8 2
0
x 11 a  = tan1 tan1 , x > 0
x x
1 d 8 2
0, c
b = 2 + 2
dx x + 64  x +4
3
c 0 <  < tan1
4
d
asymptote at y = 0 3
e y 4, tan1
4

1
0, c

x
0 b 4a
,
2a 4ac b2 x (m)
0

e 0.23
Asymptotes at y = 0 13 b A (m2)

b b2 4ac
x=
2a
dy 2b
6a = 2ax 3
dx x
   
4 3
a b 4 a 3 b A = x2
b , 2 ab and , 2 ab
a a

(Both are minimum if a > 0, b > 0) x (m)

  0
 5 9 13
7a , , , c x = 6.51 or 46.43 d 20
4 4 4 4
b e2 14 288 cm2
 
 2  2 3
c Maximum at , e and at 15 a y = x 2 b v = 40 10y 2
4 2
4
5
  c 252 mm d
dy
=
10y
,t=
2 10 3
y2
9 2 9 dt 10y 3
, e 4 , minimum at
4 2 e i 3 mins 9 seconds
 
5 2 5 ii 5 mins 45 seconds
, e 4 and at 20 100
4 2 16 a v A = , vB =
  2t+ 1 t + 10
13 2 13 b x A = 20( 2t +
, e 4  1 1),
4 2 t + 10
x B = 100 loge
1 + e 1 + e 10
d e c x (m)
2e 2e3
1
8a xA
5
xB
9 1
9b c  2 t d t > 5.419
25 9 3 +1
e p

p=1 t (s)
0 14 44

d 14 s and 44 s
t
17 a v = 50 50e 5 b 49.9963
(0, 0.1)
t
0
P1: GHM
0521609992ans-II.xml CUAT007-EVANS August 31, 2005 16:37

Answers 597

c v 1

Answers
g
1 x2
h g' (x)
v = 50
x = 1 x=1

t (0, 1)
x
0
 
t
d i x = 50 t + 5e 5 5
ii 125.2986 1
22 a i y = 2r sin 
18 a 1180 b 129 332 2
r
Ne2t dy 6Ne2t ii cos  =
19 a y = , = r +h
3 + e2t dt (3 + e2t )2 dy 1
dy b i = r cos 
bN c > 0 for all t d 2
dt
N 1
d When population is dy r cos  cos2  sin t
2 = 2
e i dy dt sin 
dt ii 6000 km
iii 1500 km/h
N, N 4 dr
24 a V = r3 b 4r2 = t2
2 2 3 dt
3 4000 t
3
cr = d 23.2 mins
4
N, 3N
4 8
Chapter 12
y
0 (N, 0) Exercise 12A
ii At t =loge 3 or t 0.549306
1
2
1 a y = 2x
2gR 2 Domain is R, range is R
20 a i v =
2
+ u 2 2gR bx=2
x
Domain is {x : x = 2}, range is R
2gR 2
ii x = cy=7
2gR u 2 Domain is R, range is {y : y = 7}

iii u 2g R dy=9x
b 40 320 km/h Domain is R, range is R
1
21 a 0 b1 c 1 e x = (2 y)2
4 9
d x Domain is [0, ), range is R
(e + ex )2 f y = (x + 3)3 + 1
e y
Domain

isR, range is R
x1
y=1 gy=3 2
Domain is R, range is (0, )
h y = cos(2x + ) = cos 2x
x
Domain is R, range is [1, 1]
 2
1
iy= 4 +1
y = 1 x
Domain is R\{0}, range is [1, )
x
1+x jy= , x = 0, 1
f f1 (x) = 1
loge ; 1 < x < 1 1+x
2
1x Domain is R\{1, 0}, range is R\{0, 1}
P1: GHM
0521609992ans-II.xml CUAT007-EVANS August 31, 2005 16:37

Answers 598 Essential Specialist Mathematics

x2 y2 e x2 + y2 = 1, domain [0, 1]
2a + = 1, domain [2, 2] range [0, 1]
4 9
range [3, 3] y
y

3 1

x x
2 0 2 0 1

x2 y2
f = 1, domain (3, )
9 4
3 range (0, )
y

b 3x + 2y = 6, domain [0, 2]
range [0, 3]
y 2
y= x
3

3 x
0 3

g x2 + y2 = 16, domain [4, 4]

range [0, 4]
y
x
0 2
4
c y = 3x2 , domain R+ {0}
range R+ {0}
y x
4 0 4

h 3y = 2x 6, domain [3, )
range [0, )
y
(5, 75)

x
0

d y = 3x2/3 , domain R+ {0} (6, 2)

range R+ {0} 0
x
3
y
i y = 5x2 36x + 63, domain
R 
range 95 ,
y

(1, 3) 63 18, 9
5 5
x
0

x
0 3 21
5
P1: GHM
0521609992ans-II.xml CUAT007-EVANS August 31, 2005 16:37

Answers 599

3 a r(t) = ti + (3 2t)j, t R 3 a r = i + 4j is the position vector; (1, 4) the

Answers
b r(t) = 2 cos ti + 2 sin tj, t R coordinates of the point
c r(t) = (2 cos t + 1)i + 2 sin tj, t R b (1, 4) and (7, 8) c 65
d r(t) = 2 sec ti + 2 tan tj, t R  
9 3 9 3
e r(t) =
ti + ((t 3)2 + 2(t 3))j, t R 4 ar= i j ,
2 2  2 2
f r(t) = 6 cos ti + 2 sin tj, t R 9 3
4 a r() = (2 + 5 cos )i + (6 + 5 sin )j b (6, 1) and , c5 2
2 2
b (x 2)2 + (y 6)2 = 25 2
5 a 53 bt= and t = 1
5
Exercise 12B 6 a 3i + 6j 3k b3 6
c 4i + 8j 3k di + 2j
7 a 3i + j + 4k b 14
1 a x2 + y2 = 1 2
b y 8 a = ,b = 7
3
x2 y2
1 9a + =1 b 3i
9 4

c i 303.69 ii 285.44
1
1 0 1
x 10 a y = ; x 1 if t 0 bi+j
x
c y

 3 5 
c , , , . . . i.e., (2n 1) , n N
2 2 2 2
y2 (1, 1)
2 ia x= 9
64
b y
x
0
5 3
24 11 a r(0) = 2i b i+ j
2 2
x
c x2 y2 = 4
9 0 12 a 0
24 r(20 3 ) = 2000 3i
x2
b y = 3x , 0 x 2000 3
c 3 2000
c y
1
ii a y = , x > 1
x +1
b y

1
x x
0
0 (2000 3, 0)
c t = 1  
iii a y = 1 x, x < 1 3 3 27 81
y
13 collide when t = ; r = i j
b 2 2 2 4
(x 1) 2
(y 3) 2
14 a + =1
4 25
b i (1, 3) ii (1, 2) iii (3, 3)
1
c  units of time d anticlockwise
15 The particle is moving along a circular path,
x
0 1 centred on (0, 0, 1) with radius length 3,
starting at (3, 0, 1) and moving anticlockwise,
always a distance of 1 above the xy plane.
c t=1
P1: GHM
0521609992ans-II.xml CUAT007-EVANS August 31, 2005 16:37

Answers 600 Essential Specialist Mathematics

It takes 2 units of time to complete one circle. iii The particle is moving along a parabolic
z path, starting at (1, 1) and reversing
2
direction at (1, 1). It takes = 1 unit
2
of time for one cycle.
(0, 0, 1)
(3, 0, 1) 1
c i y = 2, 1
x
(0, 3, 1) (0, 3, 1) ii y
y
(3, 0, 1) 0
1

x
16 The particle is moving along a linear path, 0 1
starting at (0, 0, 0) and moving forward one,
across three, and up one at each step. iii The particle is moving along an
z
exponentially decaying path, starting at
(1, 1) and moving to the right
indefinitely.

3 Exercise 12C
2
1
1
y 1 a r (t) = et i et j r (t) = et i + et j
0 3 6 9
2 b r (t) = i + 2tj r (t) = 2j
3 1
c r (t) = i+ 2tj r (t) = 2j
x 2
d r (t) = 16i 32(4t 1)j r (t) = 128j
17 a i y = 2x, 0 x 1 e r (t) = cos ti sin tj
ii y r (t) = sin ti cos tj
f r (t) = 2i + 5j r (t)= 0
2 g r (t) = 100i + (100 3 9.8t)j
r (t) = 9.8j
h r (t) = sec2 ti sin 2tj
r (t) = (2 sec2 t. tan t) i 2 cos 2tj
2 a r(t) = et i + et j
x y
0 1

iii The particle starts at (1, 2) and moves

y=1
along a linear path towards the origin. x

When it reaches (0, 0) it reverses direction

and heads towards (1, 2). It continues 0
x
indefinitely in this pattern. It takes
2 1
= units of time to complete one
6 3
cycle. r(0) = i + j r (0) = i j r (0) = i + j
b i y = 2x2 1, 1 x 1 b r(t) = ti + t2 j
ii y y

y = x2

x
1 0 1
x
2 2 0

r(1) = i + j r (1) = i + 2j
r (1) = 2j
P1: GHM
0521609992ans-II.xml CUAT007-EVANS August 31, 2005 16:37

Answers 601

c r(t) = sin ti + cos tj 7a y

Answers
y

y = 1 x 2; t > 0
4
1

1 1
x
0
x
1
0

2
b When t =
 1 a
3 8a y
r = i+ j
   3
6 2 2
1
r = i j 2
y=x 4
6 2 2 4
 1 3
r = i j
6 2 2 t>0
d r(t) = 16ti 4(4t 1)2 j
x
y 0 (4, 0)

4 (0, 4)
x
0

4 b 45 c At 3seconds
9 a r = 3i + t j + 3t k b |r | =
2 2
9 + 10t 4
c r = 2tj+ 6tk d |r | = 2 10t
4 10
r(1) = 16i 36j et =
5
r (1) = 16i 96j 10 a r = V cos i + (V sin  gt)j
r (1) = 128j V sin 
1 b r = gj ct=
e r(t) = i + (t + 1)2 j g
y
t + 1 V 2 sin 2 V 2 sin2 
dr= i+ j
2g 2g

Exercise 12D
(1, 1)
x 1 a 2ti 2j b 2i c 2i 2j
0
2 a 2i + (6 9.8t)j
1 b 2ti + (6t 4.9t2 + 6)j
r(1) = i + 4j 3 a 2j 4k
2
1 b 3ti + (t2 + 1)j + (t 2t2 + 1)k
r (1) = i + 4j 
4 c 20t 2 8t + 10
1
r (1) = i + 2j d i 15 seconds ii 15 230 m/s
4 3
3 a 1 b undefined c 2e
4 a (10t + 20)i 20j + (40 9.8t)k
d 2 1
e4 f2 2 b (5t2 + 20t)i 20tj + (40t 4.9t2 )k
4 a r(t) = (4t + 1)i + (3t 1)j 5 Speed = 10t
b r(t) = (t2 + 1)i + (2t 1)j t3 k 6 45
c r(t) = 12 e2t i + 4(e0.5t 1)j 7 minimum speed = 3 2; position = 24i + 8j
 2 
t + 2t 1 8 a t = 61 11
225 000
d r(t) = i + t 3j 49
s b 500 m/s c
49
m
2 3
d 500 m/s e  = 36.87
 
e r(t) = 14 sin 2ti + 4 cos 12 tj 1  8
6 a r (t) and r (t) are perpendicular when 9 a r(t) = 3 sin3t 3 i + 3 cos3t +
1
j
t = 0, 2 3
 2
b Pairs of perpendicular vectors. 8
b (x + 3)2 + y = 19 ;
r (0) and r (0) i.e., 2i and 96j   3
r (2) and r (2) i.e., 2i and 96j centre = 3, 83
P1: GHM
0521609992ans-II.xml CUAT007-EVANS August 31, 2005 16:37

602 Essential Specialist Mathematics

Answers
10 max speed = 2 5; min speed = 2 2

Short-answer questions
11667 (technology-free)
11 a magnitude = m/s2 ,
9
1 1 a 2i + 4j, 2j b 4y = x2 16
direction = (108i 3j) 2 a r (t) = 4ti + 4j, r (t) = 4i
11667
 3  b r (t) = 4 cos ti 4 sin tj + 2tk
4t
b r(t) = + 2t 2 + t i + ( 2t + 1 1)j r (t) = 4 sin ti 4 cos tj + 2k
3   3 0.6i + 0.8j
gt 2 5
12 a r(t) = V cos ti + V sin t j 4 a 5 3i + j
2 2
13 a time of collision t = 6 2 7
b position vector r(6) = 7i + 12j b
7
14 a 16i + 12j b 80i + 60j 5 r = cos ti + sin tj
15 a 8 cos 2ti 8 sin 2tj, t 0 6 a 5(sin i + cos j)
b8 c 4r b5 c 5(cos i + sin j)
16 a (t2 5t 2)i + 2j d 0, acceleration at right angles to velocity
33 3
b i + 2j c y = 2 with x 8.25 7 s
4 4
x2 y2 8 a |r | = 1, |r | = 1
17 a =1 3
36 16 b (x 1)2 + (y 1)2 = 1 c
b 6 tan t sec ti + 4 sec2 tj, t 0 4
x2 y2 9 2i + 20j
18 a + =1  2 
16 9 t
y 10 a r = + 1 i + (t 2) j
2
b (13.5, 3) c 12.5 s
3
11 a r =  ti + (2t  5)j
t2
x br= 1 i + (t2 5t + 6)j
4 0 4 2
3 c i + 6j, 5j
12 a i r 2 (t) = (2t 4)i + tj
 3 ii r 1 (t) = ti + (k t)j
b i t = 0, , , , 2
2  2 bi 4 ii 8 iii 4(i + j)
 13 b i r (t) = et i + 8e2t j
ii r(0) = 4i, r = 3j, r() = 4i,
  2 ii i + 8j iii loge 1.5
3
r = 3j, r(2) = 4i 14 b i x = 2 for y 3.5 ii (2, 3.5)
2
 
c i 9 + 7 sin2 t ii 16 7 cos2 t
iii The maximum and minimum speeds are 4 Extended-response questions

and 3 respectively. 1 a The speeds of particles P and Q are 3 13
and 41 m/s respectively.
b i The position vector of P at time t = 0 is
Exercise 12E 60i + 20j
The position vector of Q at time t = 0 is
1 a i + 7j b 14 i + 7j + 32 k 80i + 80j
 

3 3 ii PQ = (20 4t)i + (60 2t)j
c 1 i + 2j +
1
k c 10 seconds, 20 5 metres
2 3

d 2i + 23 j e i + 12 j 2 a AB = ((v + 3)t 56)i + ((7v 29)t + 8)j
9 b4
2 a 17 b c 2 c i AB = (6t 56)i + (8 8t)j
2
15 ii 4 seconds
d e 32

2 3 a BF = 3i + 6j 6k b9m
Multiple-choice questions c 3 m/s d (i + 2j 2k) m/s
e 2 seconds, 2 26 metres
1E 2E 3B 4E 5C 4 a i 200 seconds ii 12
6C 7C 8E 9C 10 E iii 5 m/s iv (1200, 0)
b 8 seconds, 720 metres
P1: GHM
0521609992ans-II.xml CUAT007-EVANS August 31, 2005 16:37

Answers 603


5 a i OA = (6t 1)i + (3t + 2)j 10 a i The particle P is moving along a circular

Answers


ii BA = (6t 3)i + (3t + 1)j path centred on (0, 0, 1) with radius
b One second length one. The particle starts at (1, 0, 1)
c i c = 15 (3i + 4j) ii d = 15 (4i 3j) and moves anticlockwise a distance of
iii 6c + 3d one below the xy (horizontal) plane.
6a y The particle finishes at (1, 0, 1) after one
revolution.
z
0 1
x

0 y

1
(0, 0, 1)
x
b i a = 16 ii b = 16 iii n = 2 (1, 0, 1)
iv v(t) = 32 sin(2t)i 32 cos(2t)j
a(t) = 4(16 cos(2t)i 16 sin(2t)j) ii 2

c i PQ = 8((sin t 2 cos(2t))i iii sin ti + cos tj, 0 t 2
+ (cos t + 2 sin(2t))j) v p(t) = cos ti sin tj, 0 t 2

2

ii | PQ| = 64(5 + 4 sin t) b i PQ = (cos 2t cos t)i + (sin t
d 8 cm 3
sin 2t)j + k
7 a 2 sin ti + (cos 2t + 2)j, t 0 b 2i + j 2
5  5
x2 iii iv , ,
c i y=3 , 2 x 2 2 3 3
2 3 2 4
y
ii v vi 0, , , 2
2
3 3
 
3 10 1
c ii cos 3t iii 162
5 2
11 a i 9.8j ii 2i 9.8tj
1
x
iii 2ti 4.9t2 j
2 0 2 2 2 4 2
bi seconds ii metres
7 7

d |v|2 = 16 cos4 t + 20 cos2 t, maximum 5
5 12 a i 6i 3j ii (2i j)
speed is 5
2 b 4i 2j, (4,  2) 
3 
7t
e f ii t = + k, k Z c i LP = 1 i + (7 2t)j
2 2 2
8 a ai + (b + 2t)j + (20 10t)k
9 65
b ati + (bt + t2 )j + (20t 5t2 )k ii 1.05 p.m. iii kilometres
c 4 seconds d a = 25, b = 4 13
e 38.3 Chapter 13
9 a 4
x
b y = , x 0 and (x 4)2 + y2 = 16 are the
2 Exercise 13A
cartesian equations of the paths of A and B
respectively. 1 a i r= 5i + 5j
c y Bs starting
point
ii 5 2 7.07 N; 45
path of A
b i r= 4i 4j
As 4 (8, 4) ii 4 2 5.66 N; 225
starting
point c i r= i 5j
0 x ii 26 5.10 N; 258.7
4 8 d i r= 3i + 10j
path of B ii 109 10.44 N; 73.3
4 e i r = 4j ii 4 N; 270
  f i r = 10i ii 10 N; 0
32 16
d (0, 0), , e 1.76 2 R = (11i 3j) N
5 5
P1: GHM
0521609992ans-II.xml CUAT007-EVANS August 31, 2005 16:37

Answers 604 Essential Specialist Mathematics

3 25.43
N 17 5 N
781 9 18 a = 72 i + 2j
4 9.5 N 19 12 m/s
2
5 F3 = 2i + k 20 663 N
6 386 N g
21 a 1.96 m/s2 b 19.6 m/s
7 a i 6.064i + 2.57j 5
ii 6.59 N; 22 59 22 42.517 s
b i 19.41i + 7.44j 23 Pushing Force = 62.5 N;
ii 20.79 N; 20 57 Resistance = 25 N
c i 1.382i + 5.394j 24 60000 N; 0.1 m/s2
5
ii 5.57 N; 75 38 25 49
d i 2.19i 2.19j ii 3.09 N; 315 26 a 0.0245 N b 5.1 m/s
e i 18.13i ii 18.13 N; 0 27 0.612
f i 2.15i 1.01j 28 a 200g 1960 N b 2060 N
ii 2.37 N; 205 17 29 a 2 m/s2 b 1.06 m/s2
8 a 6.59 N; 22 59 c 5.57 N; 75 38
e 18.13 N; 0 Exercise 13C
9 a 5j b 5 N; 90
10 a 11.28 N b 6.34 N 1 gcos 45 m/s2 6.93 m/s2
c0N d 9.01 N 2(1 )g
11 a 17.72 N b 14.88 N 2 m/s2
6
2
12 a 11 (2i j) b (3i + 4j) 3 29.223
5 25
13 a 1.97 N b 5.35 N c 0.48 N 4a 3 m/s2 b 1.124 m/s2
14 3.20 N 5 2g N
15 a 32.15 N b 33.23 N 6 181 N
16 a 4.55 N; 19 40 b 12.42 N; 63 31 P
7a= g cos  g sin 
17 15.46 N m
18 a 6.93 N b 14 N g
8a= i
19 1.15 N 2
9 6.76 m/s
10 8.84 m; 4.31 m/s

Exercise 13B 11 a
40gx
m/s b
8x
m
5 3
F
1 a 10 kg m/s b 0.009 kg m/s 12 a a = (cos  +  sin ) g
c 8333 13 kg m/s d 60 kg m/s M
F
e 41666 23 kg m/s ba= (cos   sin ) g
M
2 a 10(i + j) kg m/s 13 a 490 N b 1980 N
b i 10(5i + 12j) kg m/s 100
ii 130 kg m/s 14 a 1.13 m b 2 3 3.46 m/s
9g
3 a 30 kg m/s b 40 kg m/s
15 (8 + 4 3) N
c 90 kg m/s 16 a 40.49 N b 1.22 m/s2
4 a 5g 49 N b 3000g 29400 N
c 0.06g 0.588 N
5 a 32 N b 12 m/s2 Exercise 13D
6 a 4 kg b7N 80g
96 1a N 87.1 N
7 8.73 kg 9
(1.2 + g) g
b m/s2 1.09 m/s2
8 660 N 9
9 2.076 kg wt 10
2a 0.91 m/s2
10 5.4 1014 N 11
11 a a = i + 5j 50
bS=T= N 4.55 N
2 11
12 a = i j 3 a 16.8 N b 1.4 m/s2
5 4 a 2.92 b 25.71 N
13 a 2.78 kg wt b 3.35 kg wt
98
14 34 722 29 N 5a m/s 2 2
b 26 15 N
15 113 N 15
6 a 19.6 N b 4.9 m/s2
16 F3 = 19.6i j
P1: GHM
0521609992ans-II.xml CUAT007-EVANS August 31, 2005 16:37

Answers 605

7 a 0.96 m/s2 b 39.4 N

Answers
8 2.67 kg
Exercise 13F
9 a 10 750 N b 9250 N
1a R
10 5.28 kg
20
11 a 0.025 m/s2 b 10 000 N 100
8g P 60
12 a 15.6 N b 4g 39.2 N Q
5
g
c 1.96 m/s2 b R c R
5 25
13 0.305 80 40 65 Q
14 a  = 0.86 b 52.8 N P
60 P
15 a 16.296 N b  = 0.35 Q
2a

Exercise 13E P 2

1 33 13 m/s; 250 m 5
2 a x = 6t 2 sin t b4 3
1 bP= 29 N  
c x = (2t2 cos(2t) + 1) 2
4   c 180 tan1 = 158.20
110 400 50 5
3 m/s; loge 3 m
9 3  3 3a P b2 6 c 135.58
t2 t
4x= + 16 sin 4t
2 4
1  7
5 a x = t 2 sin 2 t
5
t2  
bx= + 4 cos 12 t 4
2
6 10 m/s 4a b 5.32
7 10 loge 11 7.6 m/s P
8 a v = 4(1 e0.5t ) m/s
b v 10
140
Q
5 a P = 4.60 N; Q = 1.31 N
v=4 b P = 6.13 N, Q = 2.23 N
6 18.13 N
7 66.02 N
9 a along the bisector of the angle between the
t forces (rhombus property)
0
c 112 m (approx) b 18.13 N
275 c 18.13 N making an angle of 155 with each
9 a 5.5 m/s b 10 loge 2 of the 10 N forces
6
um  kt 
10 P = 13.40 N, Q = 16.51 N
10 e m 1 metres
k k 11 P = 16.16 N, Q = 7.99 N
11 V x 12 a b 149.25
m
b b 10
12 (1 ect /m ) m/s; m/s
c c 16
13 maximum height  
m ku 2 8
reached = loge 1 + ;
2k mg c 146.59
 13 a b 5.37
mg
speed = u 5
ku 2 + mg P
4375 80
15 b
3 3
4375
c 1000 loge 2 + 2151.48
3
P1: GHM
0521609992ans-II.xml CUAT007-EVANS August 31, 2005 16:37

Answers 606 Essential Specialist Mathematics

14 P = 42.09; tension = 50.82 N 4 a (10 0.4g) m/s2 b (5 0.4g) m/s2

15 45.23 N 5a 4 4t
m/s2 b m/s
16 a 169.67 b 2.81 N (t + 1)2 t +1
c [4t 4 loge (t + 1)] m
Exercise 13G 6 2000 N
g
7 sin( )
1 a 10 N b 3g N c 3g N cos 
8 a 490 N b 1980 N
2 a 1.53 N b 1.97 N
3
3 a 30g N b 386.94 N 9a b2m
c 1224.02 N 2
g
4 2.5 N 10 a m/s2
4
5  < tan 20 g
b particle lowered with a
6 21.80 6
7 a 0.47 b 24.85 N 11 4 m/s
8 a 10 N b 27.88 c 0.05 12 a (i + 2j) m/s2
b i (t + 1)(i + 2j) m/s

ii 5 (t 
 + 1) m/s
Exercise 13H t2
c + t (i + 2j) m
2
1 a 2i 3j b 13 d y = 2x, x 0
c v = 2ti 3tj d |v| = 13
13 204 16 m 14 2250 N
e 303.69
2 a 2i + 3j b 2ti + 3tj 10000
15 16 m(g + f ) N
3t 2 3x 3g
c t 2i + j dy= ;x 0
2 2 17 100 2 m/s
2x g
3 a r(0) = 8j by= + 8; x 0 18 a 9 kg wt b m/s2
5 9
c F = 20i + 8j N (m 1 m 2 )g
19 a down with acceleration m/s2
4 a r(0) = 25i + 10j b y = 35 x; x 25 m1 + m2
c 50i
 + 50j
 N   b
2m 1 m 2 g
N
5 a 32 i 12 j m/s2 b 32 ti 12 tj m/s m1 + m2
3 2  1 2  m1 g
c 4t + 2 i 4t + 2 j 20 a moves with acceleration m/s2
  m1 + m2
6 a 8i + 83 j m/s2 m1m2 g
b N
  80 10 m1 + m2
b i 80i + 3 j N80
ii N 21 a moves up plane with acceleration
3
x (m 1 m 2 sin )g
7 a y = + 6, x 0 m/s2
2 m1 + m2
b r (t) = 4ti + 2tj m 1 m 2 g(1 + sin )
ct=8 d 8i + 4j N b
m1 + m2
N
8 a 0.15i + 0.25j m/s2 22 (sin   cos )g
b (3 + 0.15t)i + (5 + 0.25t)j m/s 3g 15g
c 20.7i + 34.5j 23 a m/s2 b N
8 4
5 15g 2
d y = x, x 30 c N 45 to the horizontal.
3 4
9 15 m/s; 5 10 m/s 4 6
d s e s
3g 3g
Multiple-choice questions
g(5 3 3)
24 a m/s2
1D 2E 3B 4B 5D 13
6B 7B 8B 9B 10 C 3g(10 + 5 3)
b N
13
g 2
2g 5g
25 a m/s b m/s c
Short-answer questions 4 2 4

(technology-free) 10 3g
27 N 28 5g 3 N
3
1 a 885 N b 6785 N 8g 10g 25g 60g
g 15g 29 N, N 30 N, N
2 a m/s2 b N 3 3 13 13
4 4
P1: GHM
0521609992ans-II.xml CUAT007-EVANS August 31, 2005 16:37

Answers 607

Extended-response questions Chapter 14

Answers
N
1 a 2.8 b 0.7 m/s2
20 
14.1 Multiple-choice
ci s ii 5(21 2g) m/s questions
21 2g
d 0.357 metres 1C 2E 3C 4A
2 a i 0.3 g m/s2 = 2.94 m/s2 5C 6B 7B 8C
ii 2.1 g N 9A 10 D 11 E 12 E
b 8.26875 m 13 B 14 B 15 A 16 B
3 a i 6888 N ii 948 N 17 E 18 E 19 D 20 A
b i 14088 N ii 2148 N 21 E 22 B 23 D 24 D
8g 14g 25 E 26 C 27 E 28 C
4ai m/s2 ii N
15 75 29 D 30 D 31 A 32 C
b 0.2 m 33 D 34 C 35 E 36 E
5 b ii 8.96 37 D 38 D 39 C
 
50g
6 a x = 25 loge
50g v 2 14.2 Extended-response

x
b v = 50g(1 e 25 ) questions
c v 1 a 2i 10j m/s b r 1 (t) = 2i 2tj
c i 3j dt=0
v = 50g
e5s f Yes; t = 2
2 sin 
2a
cos 
g 2 10
x bi ii
0

2   7 
7a2 3 b 200 M 100 ( 3 + 1) sin 3t 8 + cos 3t
3ar= 3 i+ j
g 1200g 3 3
ci m/s2 ii N iii 30.54 m/s 8
7 7 b 3i + j c r .r = 0
25 0.1t 3
8a e m/s2
2 4 a 6 s
3 3
b i 625(4 + e0.1t ) ii 5(625 v) b i (3 3i + 2.25j) ii i j
 4
iii 3025 N t
iv 625(4 + e3 ) 2531.11 N c i 1.5 9 + 7 sin2
c P (N)  3
ii t = 3 + n , n N {0}
2
3125 d r = 9r, t = 3n, n N {0}
68
5b kg c 0.1064 m/s2 , 30.065 N
2500 9
3
6 a i sin 2ti 2 cos 2tj
t (s)
2
0 ii 6 sin 2ti + 8 cos 2tj
n
9 a R = Mg cos  T sin  iii t = , n N {0}
4
Mg sin  + 0.1Mg cos  iv 16x + 9y2 = 36
2
bT=
cos  + 0.1 sin  
8.6g b a = (2n + 1) , n N {0}
c i T = 4
cos  + 0.1 sin  g 3g
7a b N
86 101 4 4
ii 5 43 iii gN
101 2g
 c d 0.903 s
d 5 43 2
600g 60g g 156g
10 a i N ii N 8a i m/s2 ii N
13 13 25 125
19g 2g 2g
b m/s2 iii m; m/s
65 25 25
14 1235 14 14g 2g 104g
ci m/s ii 2.64 seconds b i s ii m+ m= m
65 45 1125 25 1125
d i (8.86 5t) m/s 2
ii 1.86 s
P1: GHM
0521609992ans-II.xml CUAT007-EVANS August 31, 2005 16:37

608 Essential Specialist Mathematics

Answers
9 b i r2 = (0.2t 1.2)i + (0.2t + 3.2)j + k 3
ii t = 16 at 2i + k c
24
10 a ii 10 m/s2 , 75t 5t2 7g
b 281.25 m c i 180 m d i
17
11 c i (i + j), 0 iii 0.43i 0.68j 7mg
12 b i F + mg cos  ii (F + mg cos ) ii N
272
mg(sin   cos ) e A will slide into stationaryB.
iii
 18 a i 0i + 0j ii 10i + 10 3j, 20, 60
c i F sin  + mg cos  iii 9.8j
mg(sin   cos ) x
ii b i
 sin  + cos  10
mg(sin  +  cos ) ii xi + (x 3 0.049x2 )j
iii iii 10i + (10 3 0.98x)j
cos   sin 
mg(sin   cos ) iv 8i + (10 3 0.98x)j
d ii c i 8i + (10 3 0.98x 9.8t1 )j
 cos( ) sin( )
ii r = (x 8t1 )i + (x 3 0.049x2 + t1
13 a i hj for 0i + 0j at the foot of the cliff (10 3 0.98x 4.9t1 ))j
ii V cos i + V sin j
20 3 0.98x
b i V cos i + (V sin  gt)j  d e 15.71 m
gt 2 9.8
ii Vt cos i + h + Vt sin  j 19 a 5i
2
V sin  b i (5 3t1 )i + 2t1 j + t1 k,
c (5 3t2 )i + 2t2 j + t2 k,
g
ii 3(t2 t1 )i + 2(t2 t1 )j + (t2 t1 )k
14 a i 9504 N ii 704 N c 3i + 2j + k
b 0.6742 s c about 10 persons (852 kg) d i 36.70 ii 13.42
15 a i T1 ii t0 20 a y = 5 2x, x 2
2 5 b i r1 (t) = 2i + j + t(i + 2j)
b ii Vt0
5 ii 2i + j is the starting position,
iii O
T1 (i + 2j) represents thevelocity
c i 13i + 6j ii 5 10
21 a 13i + j + 5k

14 6
T2 b (3i + j + 2k), (2i + j k)
14 6
 c 40.20 d 7i + 3j + 9k
2dm(F mg)
16 a e 13i j 8k + t(5i + 3k)
m
b i g 1190
 f
2dm(F mg) 34
ii 22 a 65 (4i + 3j)
3m
c F = 10mg b i 15 (11i + 28j) ii 15 (13i + 46j)
mg 6
17 a ii (1  3) iii 7i + 2j + t (4i + 3j)
2 5
mg 7 3 8
bi c i 15 (29i + 58j) ii hours
10 3
1
ii
7mg
(1 + 2 3) iii (15 + 11t) + (27t 15)2
2

20 5
iv 3.91 km