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    Real Time Operating Real Time Operating Systems Systems: Lesson Lesson - 2: 2

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    dugguz
    The document discusses process management in real-time operating systems. It describes how the process manager is responsible for process creation by allocating memory and a process control block. The process manager also manages access to shared resources and facilitates context switching between processes. It allows processes to communicate through message passing and system calls to the operating system.

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    Real Time Operating Real Time Operating Systems Systems: Lesson Lesson - 2: 2

    Uploaded by

    dugguz
    40 views21 pages
    The document discusses process management in real-time operating systems. It describes how the process manager is responsible for process creation by allocating memory and a process control block. The process manager also manages access to shared resources and facilitates context switching between processes. It allows processes to communicate through message passing and system calls to the operating system.

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    2 Process Mgmnt

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    The document discusses process management in real-time operating systems. It describes how the process manager is responsible for process creation by allocating memory and a process control block. The process manager also manages access to shared resources and facilitates context switching between processes. It allows processes to communicate through message passing and system calls to the operating system.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    40 views21 pages

    Real Time Operating Real Time Operating Systems Systems: Lesson Lesson - 2: 2

    Uploaded by

    dugguz
    The document discusses process management in real-time operating systems. It describes how the process manager is responsible for process creation by allocating memory and a process control block. The process manager also manages access to shared resources and facilitates context switching between processes. It allows processes to communicate through message passing and system calls to the operating system.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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    of 21

    REAL TIME OPERATING

    SYSTEMS

    Lesson--2:
    Lesson
    PROCESS MANAGEMENT

    2008 Chapter-8 L2: "Embedded Systems - Architecture, Programming 1


    and Design" , Raj Kamal, Publs.: McGraw-Hill, Inc.
    1. Process Creation

    2008 Chapter-8 L2: "Embedded Systems - Architecture, Programming 2


    and Design" , Raj Kamal, Publs.: McGraw-Hill, Inc.
    Process creation

    • Step 1: At the reset of the processor. in a


    first─
    computer system, an OS is initialized first─
    enabling the use of the OS functions, which
    includes the function to create the processes
    Step 2: Using OS process creation function, a
    process, which can be called initial process, is
    created.
    Step 3: OS started and that calls the initial
    process to run.
    2008 Chapter-8 L2: "Embedded Systems - Architecture, Programming 3
    and Design" , Raj Kamal, Publs.: McGraw-Hill, Inc.
    Process creation
     Step 4: When the initial process runs, it
    creates subsequent processes.
    Processes can be created hierarchically.
     OS schedules the threads and provide for
    context switching between the threads (or
    tasks).

    2008 Chapter-8 L2: "Embedded Systems - Architecture, Programming 4


    and Design" , Raj Kamal, Publs.: McGraw-Hill, Inc.
    Creation of a process
     Means defining the resources for the
    process and address spaces (memory
    blocks) for the created process, its stack, its
    data and its heap and placing the process
    initial information at a PCB

    2008 Chapter-8 L2: "Embedded Systems - Architecture, Programming 5


    and Design" , Raj Kamal, Publs.: McGraw-Hill, Inc.
    PCB
     (a) Context
     (ii) Process stack pointer
     (iii) Current state [Is it created, activated or
    spawned? Is it running? Is it blocked?]
     (iv) Addresses that are allocated and that are
    presently in use

    2008 Chapter-8 L2: "Embedded Systems - Architecture, Programming 6


    and Design" , Raj Kamal, Publs.: McGraw-Hill, Inc.
    PCB
     (v) Pointer for the parent process
     (vi) Pointer to a list of daughter processes.
     (vii) Pointer to a list of resources, which are
    usable (consumed) only once. For
    examples, input data, memory buffer or
    pipe, mailbox message, semaphore
     (viii) Pointer to a list of resources, which
    are usable (consumed) only once

    2008 Chapter-8 L2: "Embedded Systems - Architecture, Programming 7


    and Design" , Raj Kamal, Publs.: McGraw-Hill, Inc.
    PCB
     (ix) Pointer to queue of messages.
     (x) Pointer to Access-permissions
    descriptor
     (xi) ID

    2008 Chapter-8 L2: "Embedded Systems - Architecture, Programming 8


    and Design" , Raj Kamal, Publs.: McGraw-Hill, Inc.
    2. Example of Process Creation

    2008 Chapter-8 L2: "Embedded Systems - Architecture, Programming 9


    and Design" , Raj Kamal, Publs.: McGraw-Hill, Inc.
    OS_Task_Create ( ) function
     OS function creates a process using
    OS_Task_Create ( ) function
    Task_Send_Card_Info in the mai
     Task_Send_Card_Info task creates two
    other tasks, Task_Send_Port_Output and
    Task_Read_Port_Input.
     OS then controls the context switching
    between the processes

    2008 Chapter-8 L2: "Embedded Systems - Architecture, Programming 10


    and Design" , Raj Kamal, Publs.: McGraw-Hill, Inc.
    OS Process Creation function
    OS function first creates the Display_process.
    Display_process creates─
     Display_Time_DateThread
     Display_BatteryThread
     Display_SignalThread
     Display_ProfileThread
     Display_MessageThread
     Display_Call StatusThread
     Display_MenuThread
    2008 Chapter-8 L2: "Embedded Systems - Architecture, Programming 11
    and Design" , Raj Kamal, Publs.: McGraw-Hill, Inc.
    3. Message passing and System call to
    OS by Processes

    2008 Chapter-8 L2: "Embedded Systems - Architecture, Programming 12


    and Design" , Raj Kamal, Publs.: McGraw-Hill, Inc.
    Message Passing by process running in
    user mode
     Generates and puts (sends) a message
     OS lets the requested resource (for example, input
    from a device or from a queue) use or run an OS
    service function (for example, define a delay
    period after which process needs to be run again).
     A message can be sent for the OS to let the LCD
    display be used by a task or thread for sending the
    output.
     An ISR sends a message to a waiting thread to
    start on return from the ISR
    2008 Chapter-8 L2: "Embedded Systems - Architecture, Programming 13
    and Design" , Raj Kamal, Publs.: McGraw-Hill, Inc.
    System call by process running in user
    mode
     Call to a function defined at the OS.
     For example, OSTaskCreate ( )─ to create a task.
     First an SWI instruction is issued to trap the
    processor and switch to supervisory mode.
     OS then executes a function like a library function
     Processor on finishing the instructions of a called
    function, the processor again switches back to user
    mode and lets the calling process run further

    2008 Chapter-8 L2: "Embedded Systems - Architecture, Programming 14


    and Design" , Raj Kamal, Publs.: McGraw-Hill, Inc.
    4. Process Manager Functions

    2008 Chapter-8 L2: "Embedded Systems - Architecture, Programming 15


    and Design" , Raj Kamal, Publs.: McGraw-Hill, Inc.
    Process manager
     (i) makes it feasible to let for a process to
    sequentially execute or block when needing
    a resource and to resume when it becomes
    available,
     (ii) implements the logical link to the
    resource manager for resources
    management (including scheduling of
    process on the CPU),

    2008 Chapter-8 L2: "Embedded Systems - Architecture, Programming 16


    and Design" , Raj Kamal, Publs.: McGraw-Hill, Inc.
    Process manager
     (iii) allows specific resources sharing
    between specified processes only,
     (iiiv) allocates the resources as per the
    resource allocation- mechanism of the
    system and
     (iv) manages the processes and resources of
    the given system.

    2008 Chapter-8 L2: "Embedded Systems - Architecture, Programming 17


    and Design" , Raj Kamal, Publs.: McGraw-Hill, Inc.
    Summary

    2008 Chapter-8 L2: "Embedded Systems - Architecture, Programming 18


    and Design" , Raj Kamal, Publs.: McGraw-Hill, Inc.
    We learnt
     Process manager has functions to create the
    processes,
     allocates a PCB to each process,
     manages access to the resources and
    facilitates the switching from one process
    state to another.
     The PCB defines the process structure for a
    process state.

    2008 Chapter-8 L2: "Embedded Systems - Architecture, Programming 19


    and Design" , Raj Kamal, Publs.: McGraw-Hill, Inc.
    We learnt
     Process can send a message and make a
    system call to enable OS actions and run OS
    function

    2008 Chapter-8 L2: "Embedded Systems - Architecture, Programming 20


    and Design" , Raj Kamal, Publs.: McGraw-Hill, Inc.
    End of Lesson 2 of Chapter 8

    2008 Chapter-8 L2: "Embedded Systems - Architecture, Programming 21


    and Design" , Raj Kamal, Publs.: McGraw-Hill, Inc.

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