Cantera Workshop

Welcome to the First Workshop

on Cantera!
 Timeline

1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

1st Cantera Workshop

SourceForge
DARPA/NSF Virtual MixMaster released
Integrated
Prototyping Program 1D Flames

MATLAB Toolbox
Earliest private
versions of Transport Properties
Cantera
User's group established

7/25/04 Cantera Workshop

Preregistered Workshop Attendees

7/25/04 Cantera Workshop

Agenda

9:00 D. Goodwin Introduction to Cantera

9:20 D. Goodwin Defining and Using Phases and Interfaces

9:50 D. Goodwin Reactor Networks

10:15 Dibble, Mack, 20 Homework Problems in Combustion using MATLAB

Mehresh, and Chen, Cantera
UCB
10:40 Break

11:00 D. Goodwin One-Dimensional Flame Simulations

11:30 C. Pantano Using Cantera to Construct Flamelet Libraries for Large-
Caltech Eddy Simulation

12:00 Lunch
1:00 D, Goodwin Cantera C++ Programming

1:20 E. D. Huckaby, Extending Cantera

DOE/NETL
1:40 E. D. Huckaby, Coupling Cantera to Fluent
DOE/NETL
2:00 Discussion / Future directions

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 Introduction to Cantera

David G. Goodwin

Division of Engineering and

Applied Science
California Institute of Technology
Cantera is a set of software tools for
problems involving kinetics

Some Capabilities: And Some Features:

Thermodynamic properties MATLAB Toolbox

Transport properties Python Interface
Chemical equilibrium C++ kernel
Homogeneous and Fast algorithms
heterogeneous chemistry Object-oriented
Reactor networks
Backward-compatible with
One-dimensional flames Chemkin-II
Electrochemistry
Run under Windows, linux,
Reaction path diagrams Mac OS X, unix, ...
open source

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A few things Cantera can do...
Counterflow Diffusion Flame

Non-premixed, ethane/air opposed-jet flame at 1 atm

pressure

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Heterogeneous chemistry

Oxidation of a1% methane in air mixture on a 1 cm2 Pt foil.

Pt catalytic combustion mechanism is from Deutschman et al., Proc.
26th Symp. (Intl.) on Combustion,1996, pp. 1747-1754

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Transport Properties

Prandtl number of an equilibrium H/O mixture

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Chemical Equilibrium
Adiabatic flame temperature for methane/air as a function of
equivalence ratio

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Reaction Path Diagrams
view chemical pathways at any point
in a flame, or at any time in a kinetics
simulation

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Cantera can be used from applications
written in Fortran, C, C++, ...

Use it to
evaluate thermodynamic and/or transport properties
compute chemical equilibrium
calculate homogeneous and heterogeneous reaction
rates
evaluate liquid/vapor equilibria
...

Use it with commercial CFD packages (Fluent, ...)

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 Example: a 2D model of a single-chamber
fuel cell
Fortran 90 main program
Cantera used for
Transport properties
Heterogeneous reaction rates in porous electrodes
Multi-domain stiff solver

CH4
H2

CO
O2

CO2
H2O

7/25/04 Cantera Workshop

Another example: a transient model of
SOFC "pattern anode" experiments

C++ application
Cantera used for
thermodynamic properties
heterogeneous reaction rates on two 2D surface phases
and at the 1D "triple-phase boundary"
Surface chemistry
Surface
diffusion Adsorption /
desorption
External circuit

I(t)

Double layer charging

Electrochemistry at the TPB 2D ion current
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Validation and Benchmarks
Benchmark Validation

SENKIN / Chemkin-II vs. SENKIN / Cantera

Cantera and Chemkin-II
3000 versions are in excellent
agreement for all
2500 solution variables and
sensitivity coefficients.
2000
Temperature (K)

T(t)
1500 Typical relative
difference in any
1000
component at any time
500
max temperature is one part in 106 or 107
4 error = 0.014 K
10 (T cantera - T chemkin )
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
-500
Time (ms)

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Benchmark Performance

Constant P, H Problem with Sensitivity Analysis

Cantera is significantly faster for this benchmark on all platforms
tested
(Linux, Windows, OSF/1, IRIX)

Shown:
Compaq Visual Fortran
MS Visual C++
Note: these tests were conducted with an earlier 750 MHz Pii
7/25/04 version of Cantera. Cantera Workshop
Cantera Structure
Cantera Structure

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The Cantera MATLAB Toolbox

MATLAB is a widely-used technical r

e 0.8
problem solving environment b
m
u
N 0.7
l
t

Excellent capabilities for numerical d 0.6

n
a

mathematics r 0.5
P

Linear algebra 0.4

4000

ODEs, PDEs 3000

2000 0.6
0.8
1

1000 0.4
0.2
Temperature (K) 0 0
Elemental O/(O+H)

Toolboxes implement application-

specific capabilities
Example: Prandtl number for an
equilibrium O/H mixture, computed
The Cantera toolbox brings kinetics, using multicomponent transport
thermo, and transport functionality to properties
MATLAB

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The Cantera Python Interface

Python is an easy-to-use
object-oriented scripting
language

Easy to create graphical

applications

Python comes preinstalled

on most linux and Mac
machines; a version for
Windows is also available

Used in several large-

scale scientific computing
projects for top-level user
environment
Screen shot of MixMaster, a Cantera
application written in Python
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Cantera has a similar look and feel in all
environments
MATLAB
gas = GRI30;
set(gas,'T',300.0,'P',OneAtm,'X','CH4:1,O2:2,N2:7.52');
equilibrate(gas,'HP');
disp(gas)
Python

from Cantera import *

gas = GRI30()
gas.set(T = 300.0, P = OneAtm, X = 'CH4:1,O2:2,N2:7.52')
C++
gas.equilibrate('HP')
#include "Cantera.h" print gas
#include "GRI30.h"
#include "equilibrium.h"

main() {
GRI30 gas;
gas.setState_TPX(300.0, OneAtm, "CH4:1,O2:2,N2:7.52");
equilibrate(gas, "HP");
cout << gas;
}
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All three of these programs carry out the same
calculation, with the same results
CH2OH 4.114099e-17 4.654961e-17
CH3O 6.575072e-19 7.439468e-19
CH3OH 3.492911e-18 4.080466e-18
temperature 2225.52 K C2H 3.671127e-24 3.350115e-24
pressure 101325 Pa C2H2 9.146744e-22 8.683058e-22
density 0.150193 kg/m^3 C2H3 6.921523e-27 6.824995e-27
mean mol. weight 27.4283 amu C2H4 7.230037e-27 7.394897e-27
C2H5 7.843632e-32 8.310722e-32
1 kg 1 kmol C2H6 5.697162e-33 6.245789e-33
----------- ------------ HCCO 5.366464e-20 8.027556e-20
enthalpy -254590 -6.983e+06 J CH2CO 7.105980e-20 1.089078e-19
internal energy -929223 -2.549e+07 J HCCOH 6.968486e-23 1.068006e-22
entropy 9876.57 2.709e+05 J/K N 1.424539e-08 7.274647e-09
Gibbs function -2.22351e+07 -6.099e+08 J NH 2.359734e-09 1.291754e-09
heat capacity c_p 1514.35 4.154e+04 J/K NH2 9.409152e-10 5.496479e-10
heat capacity c_v 1211.21 3.322e+04 J/K NH3 2.686508e-09 1.668083e-09
NNH 7.555846e-10 7.994703e-10
X Y NO 1.888206e-03 2.065666e-03
------------- ------------ NO2 3.462822e-07 5.808190e-07
H2 3.604526e-03 2.649191e-04 N2O 1.001874e-07 1.607657e-07
H 3.903469e-04 1.434452e-05 HNO 3.366350e-08 3.806438e-08
O 2.156588e-04 1.257973e-04 CN 6.774013e-14 6.425636e-14
O2 4.622237e-03 5.392454e-03 HCN 1.930651e-11 1.902309e-11
OH 2.875407e-03 1.782938e-03 H2CN 5.477443e-18 5.598318e-18
H2O 1.834666e-01 1.205032e-01 HCNN 1.316652e-21 1.969694e-21
HO2 4.989233e-07 6.003949e-07 HCNO 1.020209e-16 1.600336e-16
H2O2 4.573249e-08 5.671420e-08 HOCN 1.131156e-12 1.774372e-12
C 2.217810e-17 9.711895e-18 HNCO 3.864622e-10 6.062186e-10
CH 3.361535e-18 1.595562e-18 NCO 1.543840e-11 2.364990e-11
CH2 9.827346e-18 5.025715e-18 N2 7.085838e-01 7.237005e-01
CH2(S) 5.956345e-19 3.046081e-19 AR 0.000000e+00 0.000000e+00
CH3 6.223564e-17 3.411442e-17 C3H7 3.540964e-47 5.562683e-47
CH4 3.032972e-17 1.773977e-17 C3H8 2.428377e-48 3.904100e-48
CO 8.987939e-03 9.178675e-03 CH2CHO 2.952869e-25 4.634145e-25
CO2 8.536422e-02 1.369701e-01 CH3CHO 5.854760e-26 9.403438e-26
HCO 7.949764e-10 8.410608e-10
CH2O 1.319499e-11 1.444479e-11

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The Cantera Kernel

C++ class libraries

Designed for performance

Property caching
Virtual methods used sparingly
Low-level methods written to maximize inlining
CPU-intensive code hand-optimized

Uses standard open-source numerical libraries

BLAS, LAPACK, CVODE, DASPK

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What's on the CD?

Documentation Third-party applications

HTML pages documenting Python 2.3.4, Numeric, and
The Cantera Python graphviz installers
Package (Win/Mac)
The C++ kernel

Documents and
presentations describing Binary installers for
input files, F77 interfacing, Windows and Mac platforms
installation procedures, etc. MATLAB toolbox
Some workshop materials Python Package
libraries and header files
Source Code for building C++ or Fortran
The latest version of the applications
full source distribution

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