mathcity.org Exercise 8.

2 (Solutions)
Textbook of Algebra and Trigonometry for Class XI
Page 273

Merging man and maths Available online @ http://www.mathcity.org, Version: 1.3.1

Binomial Theorem
If a and x are two real number and n is a positive integer then
(a + x)n = a n + a n 1 x1 + a n2 x 2 + ............... +
n n n n n1 n n
a x + n x
0 1 2 n 1
Proof
We will use mathematical induction to prove this so let S (n) be the given statement.
Put n = 1
S (1) : (a + x)1 = a1 + a11 x1 = (1) a + (1)(1) x a + x = a + x
1 1
0 1
S (1) is true so condition I is satisfied.
Now suppose that S (n) is true for n = k .

S (k ) : (a + x)k = a k + a k 1 x1 + a k 2 x 2 + ............... +
k k k k k 1 k k
a x + k x ..(i)
0 1 2 k 1
The statement for n = k + 1
k + 1 k +1 k + 1 k +11 1 k + 1 k +1 2 2
S (k + 1) : (a + x)k +1 = a + 1 a x + a x + ...............
0 2
k + 1 k +11 k + 1 k +1
+ a x + x
k + 1 1 k + 1
k + 1 k +1 k + 1 k 1 k + 1 k 1 2
(a + x)k +1 = a + 1 a x + 2 a x + ...............
0
k + 1 k k + 1 k +1
+ a x + k + 1 x
k
Multiplying both sides of equation (i) by (a + x)
k k k 1 k k
(a + x) k (a + x) = a k + a k 1 x1 + a k 2 x 2 + ............... +
k k
a x + k x ( a + x)
0 1 2 k 1
k k k 1 k k
(a + x)k +1 = a k + a k 1 x1 + a k 2 x 2 + ............... +
k k
a x + k x ( a)
0 1 2 k 1
k k k 1 k k
+ a k + a k 1 x1 + a k 2 x 2 + ............... +
k k
a x + k x ( x)
0 1 2 k 1
(a + x)k +1 = a k +1 + a k x1 + a k 1 x 2 + ............... +
k k k k 2 k 1 k k
a x + k a x
0 1 2 k 1
+ a k x + a k 1 x 2 + a k 2 x3 + ............... +
k k k k k k k +1
a x + k x

0
1
2 1
k
k k k k
(a + x)k +1 = a k +1 + + a k x1 + + a k 1 x 2 + ...............
k
0 1 0 2 1
k k k k k +1
+ + a x + k x
k k 1
n + 1 n n n + 1 n + 1
Since = and =
n n
, + =
0 0 r r 1 r n n + 1
k + 1 k +1 k + 1 k 1 k + 1 k 1 2
(a + x)k +1 = a + 1 a x + 2 a x + ...............
0
k + 1 k k + 1 k +1
+ a x + k + 1 x
k
Thus S (k + 1) is true when S (k ) is true so condition II is satisfied and S (n) is true for all
positive integral value of n.
 FSc-I / Ex 8.2 - 2

Question # 1 (i)
(a + 2b)5 = () ()
5 5 5 51
0
a +
1
a (2b )1 +
5 5 2
2
a (2b) 2 +
5 5 3
3
a (2b) 3 +
5 54
4 ()
a (2b) 4 +
5 55
5
a (2b) 5 () () ()
= (1) a 5 + (5) a 4 (2b) + (10) a3 (4b 2 ) + (10) a 2 (8b3 ) + (5) a1 (16b4 ) + (1) a 0 (32b5 )
= a5 + 10 a 4b + 40 a3b 2 + 80 a 2b3 + 80 ab4 + 32b5 Q a0 = 1
Question # 1 (ii)
6
x 2 6 x 6 x 2 6 x 2 6 x 2
6 6 1 1 6 2 2 6 3 3

2 = + 2 + 2 + 2
2 x 0 2 1 2 x 2 2 x 3 2 x
6 x 2 6 x 2 6 x 2
6 4 4 65 5 6 6 6

+ 2 + 2 + 2
4 2 x 5 2 x 6 2 x
6 5 4 2 3 3
x x 2 x 2 x 2
= (1) (6) 2 + (15) 2 (20) 2
2 2 x 2 x 2 x
2 4 1 5 6
x 2 x 2 2
+ (15) 2 (6) 2 + (1)(1) 2
2 x 2 x x
x x 2
6 5
x 4
4
x 8
3
= 6 2 + 15 4 20 6
64 32 x 16 x 8 x
x 2 16 x 32 64
+15 8 6 10 + 12
4 x 2 x x
x 6 3 x 3 15 20 60 96 64
= + 3 + 6 9 + 12
64 8 4 x x x x
Question # 1 (iii), (iv) and (v)
Do yourself

Question # 1 (vi)
6 1 6 2
a x 6 a 6 a x 6 a x
6 6 1 2

=
+
+
x a 0 x 1 x a 2 x a
6 3 6 4 65 6 6
6 a x 6 a x 6 a x 6 a x
3 4 5 6

+ + + +
3 x a 4 x a 5 x a 6 x a
a a x a x
6 5 1 4 2

= (1) (6) + (15)

x x a x a
a x a x a x a x
3 3 2 4 1 5 0 6

(20) + (15) (6) + (1)

x a x a x a x a
1 2
a a a a a
6 5 4

= 6 + 15
x x x x x
3 2 1
a a x x x x x
3 4 5 6

20 + 15 6 + 1(1)
x x a a a a a
5 1 42 3 3 2 + 4 1+ 5
a a a a x x x
6 6

= 6 + 15 20 + 15 6 + 1
x x x x a a a
a a a a x x x
6 4 2 0 2 4 6

= 6 + 15 20 + 15 6 +
x x x x a a a
 FSc-I / Ex 8.2 - 3

1 6 1 1 4 21 1 1 2 4 6

a a a x x x
+

2 2 2 2 2 2
= 6 + 15 20 (1) + 15 6
x x x a a a

3 2 2 3
a a a x x x
= 6 + 15 20 + 15 6 +
x x x a a a
3 2 2
a a a x x x3
= 3 6 2 + 15 20 + 15 6 2 + 3
x x x a a a
Question # 2 (i)
(0.97)3 = (1 0.03)3
3 3 3 3
= (1)3 + (1)2 (0.03) + + (1)1 (0.03)2 + + (0.03)3
0 1 2 3
= (1)(1) + 3(1)(0.03) + 3(1)(0.0009) + + (1)(0.000024)
= 1 0.09 + 0.0027 0.000027 = 0.912673

Question # 2 (ii)
(2.02) 4 = (2 + 0.02)4 Now do yourself.

Question # 2 (iii)
(9.98)4 = (10 0.02) 4
4 4 4 4 4
= (10) 4 + (10)3 (0.02) + (10)2 (0.02)2 + (10)1 (0.02)3 + (10)0 (0.02)4
0 1 2 3 4
= (1)(10000) + 4(1000)(0.02) + 6(100)(0.0004) + 4(10)(0.000008) + (1)(1)(0.00000016)
= 10000 80 + 0.24 0.00032 + 0.00000016 = 9920.23968

Question # 2 (iv)
(2.1)5 = (2 + 0.1)5

Question # 3(i)
( ) ( )
4 4
a + 2x + a 2x
We take

(a + )
2 x = a 4 + a 3
4 4
( ) 4
( ) 4
( ) 4
( )
4 1 2 3 4
2 x + a2 2x + a1 2 x + a0 2x
0 1 2 3 4
= (1) a 4 + ( 4 ) a 3 ( ) ( ) ( )
2 x + ( 6 ) a 2 2 x 2 + ( 4 ) a 2 2 x 3 + (1)(1) 4 x 4 ( )
( )
4
a + 2x = a 4 + 4 2a 3 x + 12a 2 x 2 + 8 2 a x3 + 4 x 4 . (i)
Replacing 2 by 2 in eq. (i)
( ) ( ) ( )
4
a 2x = a 4 + 4 2 a 3 x + 12a 2 x 2 + 8 2 a x 3 + 4 x 4
= a 4 4 2a3 x + 12a 2 x 2 8 2 a x 3 + 4 x 4 . (ii)
Adding (i) & (ii)
(a + ) + (a )
4 4
2x 2x = 2 a 4 + 24 a 2 x 2 + 8 x 4

Question # 3 (ii)
Do yourself.
 FSc-I / Ex 8.2 - 4

Question # 3 (iii)
Since
5 5 5 5 5 5
(2 + i )5 = 25 + 251 i + 252 i 2 + 253 i 3 + 254 i 4 + 255 i 5
0 1 2 3 4 5
= (1) 2 + ( 5) 2 i + (10 ) 2 i + (10 ) 2 i + ( 5) 2 i + (1) 2 i
5 4 3 2 2 3 1 4 0 5

= 32 + 80i + 80i 2 + 40i 3 + 10i 4 + i 5 .. (i)

Replacing i by i in eq. (i)
(2 + i )5 = 32 + 80 ( i ) + 80 ( i ) + 40 ( i ) + 10 ( i ) + ( i )
2 3 4 5

= 32 80i + 80i 2 40i 3 + 10i 4 i 5

Subtracting (i) & (ii)
(2 + i)5 (2 i)5 = 160i + 80i 3 + 2i 5
= 160i + 80(1) i + 2(1)2 i
= 160i 80i + 2i = 82i

Question # 3 (iv)

(x + ) ( )
3 3
x 1 + x + x 1
2 2

Suppose t = x 2 1 then

(x + ) ( )
3 3
x 1 + x + x 1 = ( x + t ) + ( x + t )
2 2 3 3

= ( ( x )3 + 3( x )2 (t ) + 3( x)(t )2 + (t )3 ) + ( ( x )3 + 3( x )2 (t ) + 3( x )(t )2 + (t )3 )
= x 3 + 3x 2t + 3xt 2 + t 3 + x 3 3x 2t + 3xt 2 t 3
= 2 x 3 + 6 xt 2

( )
2
= 2 x3 + 6 x x2 1 Q t = x2 1

= 2 x 3 + 6 x ( x 2 1) = 2 x 3 + 6 x 3 6 x = 8x 3 6 x

Question # 4 (i)
(2 + x x 2 ) 4
Put t = 2 + x then
(2 + x x 2 ) 4 = (t x 2 )4
4 4 4 4 4
= (t ) 4 + (t )3 ( x 2 ) + (t )2 ( x 2 )2 + (t )1 ( x 2 )3 + (t )0 ( x 2 )4
0 1 2 3 4
= (1) (t )4 ( 4 ) (t )3 ( x 2 ) + ( 6 ) (t )2 ( x 4 ) ( 4 ) (t )( x 6 ) + (1) (1)( x8 )
= t 4 4t 3 x 2 + 6t 2 x 4 4t x 6 + x8 (i)
Now
4 4 4 4 4
t 4 = (2 + x) 4 = (2)4 + (2)3 ( x ) + (2) 2 ( x) 2 + (2)1 ( x)3 + (2)0 ( x)4
0 1 2 3 4
= (1) (16) + ( 4 ) (8)( x) + ( 6 ) (4)( x 2 ) + ( 4 ) (2)( x 3 ) + (1) (1)( x 4 )
= 16 + 32 x + 24 x 2 + 8 x3 + x 4
Also
t 3 = (2 + x)3 = (2)3 + ( 3) (2) 2 ( x) + ( 3) (2)1 ( x )2 + ( x)3
= 8 + 12 x + 6 x 2 + x3
t 2 = (2 + x) 2 = 4 + 4 x + x 2
Putting values of t 4 , t 3 , t 2 and t in equation (i)
(2 + x x 2 )4 = (16 + 32 x + 24 x 2 + 8 x 3 + x 4 ) 4(8 + 12 x + 6 x 2 + x3 ) x 2
+6(4 + 4 x + x 2 ) x 4 4(2 + x ) x 6 + x8
 FSc-I / Ex 8.2 - 5

= 16 + 32 x + 24 x 2 + 8 x 3 + x 4 32 x 2 48 x3 24 x 4 4 x 5
+24 x 4 + 24 x 5 + 6 x 6 8 x 6 + 4 x 7 + x8
= 16 + 32 8 x 2 40 x 3 + x 4 + 20 x 5 2 x 6 4 x 7 x8
Question # 4 (ii)
Suppose t = 1 x Do yourself

Question # 4 (iii)
Suppose t = 1 x Do yourself

Question # 5 (i)
Suppose t = x 1 Do yourself

Question # 5 (ii)
3
1
x 1
x
Suppose t = x 1 then
3 2 3
1 2 1 1 1
t = (t ) + 3(t ) + 3(t ) +
3

x x x x
1 1 1
= t 3 3t 2 + 3t 2 3 (i)
x x x
Now
t 3 = ( x 1) = ( x )3 + 3( x )2 (1) + 3( x)(1)2 + (1)3
3

= x3 3x 2 + 3x 1
t 2 = ( x 1) = x 2 2 x + 1
2

Putting values of t 3 , t 2 and t in equation (i)

3
1 1 1 1
x 1 = ( x 3 x + 3 x 1) 3( x 2 x + 1) + 3( x 1) 2 3
3 2 2

x x x x
1 1 1 1
= x3 3x 2 + 3x 1 3x + 6 3 + 3 3 2 3
x x x x
3 1
= x3 3x 2 + 5 2 3
x x
Question # 6 (i)
Since
n
Tr +1 = a nr x r
r
Here a = 3 , x = 2 x , n = 7 so
7 7
Tr +1 = (3)7 r (2 x )r = (3)7r (2)r ( x) r
r r
For term involving x 4 we must have
xr = x4 r = 4
So
7
T4+1 = (3)74 (2)4 ( x)4
4
T5 = ( 35) (3)3 (2) 4 ( x) 4 = ( 35) (27)(16)( x )4
= 15120x 4

Made By: Atiq ur Rehman, ([email protected]) http://www.mathcity.org

 FSc-I / Ex 8.2 - 6

Question # 6 (ii)
n
Since Tr +1 = a nr x r
r
2
Here a = x , x = 2 , n = 13 so
x
r
13 13r 2 13 13r
Tr +1 = ( x) 2 = ( x) ( 2 ) ( x)2 r
r

r x r
13 13
= ( x)13r 2 r ( 2 ) = ( x )133r ( 2 )
r r

r r
For term involving x 2 we must have
x133r = x 2 13 3r = 2 3r = 2 13
3r = 15 r = 5
So
13
T5+1 = ( x )133(5) ( 2 )
5

5
T6 = (1287)( x)1315 ( 32 ) = 41184 x 2
Question # 6 (iii)
Since
n
Tr +1 = a nr x r
r
2
Here a = , x = a , n = 9 so
x
9 r 9 r
9 2 9 2
Tr +1 = ( a ) = (1)r (a ) r
r

r x r x
For term involving a 4 we must have
a r = a4 r = 4
9 4
9 2
So T4+1 = (1)4 (a ) 4
4 x
5
2 32 4 a4
T5 = (126) (1) a = (126) 5 a = 4032 5
4

x x x
Question # 6 (iii)
Here a = x , x = y , n = 11 so
Since
n
Tr +1 = a nr x r
r
11 11r
( )
11 11r
( )
r
Tr +1 = ( x ) y = ( x)
r 1
y2
r r
11 11r
= ( x ) (1)r y 2 ( )
r

r
For term involving y 3 we must have
r r
y 2 = y3 =3 r =6
2
So
11 116
T6+1 = ( x ) (1)6 y 2
6
6

( )
( )
T7 = ( 462 )( x ) (1) y 3 = 462 x5 y 3
5
 FSc-I / Ex 8.2 - 7

Question # 7 (i)
3
Here a = x 2 , x = , n = 10 so
2x
Since
n
Tr +1 = a nr x r
r
r
10 2 10r 3 10 2(10r ) (3) r
Tr +1 = ( x ) = ( x ) (1) r

r 2x r (2) r ( x)r
10 202 r 10 202 r r
= ( x) (1)r (3)r (2) r ( x) r = ( x ) (1) r (3)r (2) r
r
r
10 203r
= ( x) (1) r (3) r (2) r
r
For term involving x 5 we must have
x 20 3r = x 5 20 3r = 5 3r = 5 20
3r = 15 r = 5
10 203(5)
So T5+1 = ( x ) (1)5 (3)5 (2)5
5
1 1
T6 = 252 ( x ) (1)5 (3)5 5 = 252 ( x ) (243)
2015 5

2 32
61236 5 15309 5
= x = x
32 8
15309
Hence coefficient of x 5 =
8
Question # 7 (ii)
1
Here a = x 2 , x = , n = 2n so
x
Since
n
Tr +1 = a nr x r
r
r
2n 2 2 n r 1 2n 2(2 nr )
Tr +1 = ( x ) = ( x )
r 1
( 1) r
r x r x
2n 4 n 2 r 2n 4 n 2 r r
= ( x ) ( 1) x r = ( x ) ( 1)
r r

r r
2n 4 n 3 r
= ( x) ( 1)
r

r
For term involving x n we must have
x 4 n3 r = x n 4n 3r = n 3r = n 4n
3r = 3n r = n
2 n 4 n 3 n
Tn+1 = ( x ) ( 1)
n
So
n
(2n)! (2n)! n
= ( x ) ( 1) = ( x ) ( 1)
n n n

(2n n)! n! n! n!
n (2n)! n
= ( 1) x
(n !)2
n (2n)!
Hence coefficient of x n = ( 1)
(n!)2
 FSc-I / Ex 8.2 - 8

Question # 8
3
Here a = x 2 , x = , n = 10 and r + 1 = 6 r = 5 so
2x
Since
n
Tr +1 = a nr x r
r
5
10 2 105 3
T5+1 = ( x )
5 2x
2 5 35 243
T6 = 252 ( x ) 5
= 252 x10 5
(2 x) 32 x
61236 105 15309 5
= x = x
32 8
Question # 9 (i)
Do yourself as Q # 9 (ii)
Question # 9 (ii)
1
Here a = x , x = , n = 10 so
2 x2
Since
n
Tr +1 = a nr x r
r

( )
10 r

( )
r
10 r 1 1
10 10 12
Tr +1 = x = x r 2r
r 2x r 2 x
2

10 1
(10 r ) 1 10 5 2 1 2 r
r
= ( x)2 x 2 r
= r ( x) x
r 2r 2r
10 5 2r 2 r 1 10 5 52r 1
= ( x) = ( x)
r 2r r 2r
For term independent of x we must have
5r
5 5r 5r
x 2 = x 0 5 = 0 = 5
2 2
2
r = (5) r = 2
5
10 5 5(2) 1
So T2+1 = ( x ) 2 2
2 2
5 5 1 1
T3 = 45 ( x ) = 45 x 0
4 4
1 45
= 45 (1) =
4 4
Question # 9 (iii)
4
x2 + 1
4
1
(1 + x ) 1 + 2
2 3
= (1 + x ) 2
2 3

x x
( x + 1) (1 + x )
4 4
2 2

= (1 + x 2 )3 = (1 + x 2 )3
(x )2 4 x8
= x 8 (1 + x 2 )3+4 = x 8 (1 + x 2 )7
Now Tr +1 = x 8 a n r x r
n
r
 FSc-I / Ex 8.2 - 9

Where n = 7 , a = 1 , x = x 2
7 7
Tr +1 = x 8 (1)7r ( x 2 ) = x 8 (1) x 2 r
r

r r
7
= x 2r 8
r
For term independent of x we must have
x 2 r 8 = x 0 2r 8 = 0 2r = 8 r = 4
So
7
T4+1 = x 2(4) 8
4
T5 = 35 x8 8 = 35 x 0 = 35
Question # 10
12
1 x2

x 2
n + 2 12 + 2
Since n = 12 is an even so middle terms is = =7
2 2
Therefore r + 1 = 7 r = 7 1 = 6
1 x2
And a = , x = and n = 12
x 2
Now
n
Tr +1 = a nr x r
r
12 6 6
x2
12 1
T6+1 =
6 x
2
1 x12 924 126
T7 = 924 6 = x
x 64 64
231 6
= x
16
231 6
Thus the middle terms of the given expansion is x .
16
Question # 10 (ii)
n + 1 11 + 1
Since n = 11 is odd so the middle terms are = = 6 and
2 2
n + 3 11 + 3
= =7
2 2
So for first middle term
3 1
a = x , x = , n = 11 and r + 1 = 6 r = 5
2 3x
Now
11 5 5
n n r r 11 3 1
Tr +1 = a x T5+1 = x
r 5 2 3 x
Now simplify yourself.
Now for second middle term
r +1 = 7 r = 6
11 6 6
11 3 1
so T6+1 = x Now simplify yourself.
6 2 3x
 FSc-I / Ex 8.2 - 10

Question # 10 (iii)
Since n = 2m + 1 is odd so there are two middle terms
n + 1 2m + 1 + 1 2m + 2
First middle term = = = = m +1
2 2 2
n + 3 2m + 1 + 3 2m + 4
Second middle terms = = = =m+2
2 2 2
1
Here a = 2 x , x = and n = 2m + 1
2x
For first middle term r + 1 = m + 1 r = m .
Since
n
Tr +1 = a nr x r
r
(2m + 1)!
m m
2m + 1 2 m+1 m 1 m +1 1
Tm+1 = ( 2x ) = (2x)
m 2x (2m + 1 m)! m ! 2x
(2m + 1)!
m m

( 2 ) ( x ) ( 1)
m+1 m +1 m 1 1
=
(m + 1)! m! 2 x
(2m + 1)!
( 2 ) ( x ) ( 1) ( 2 ) ( x )
m+1 m +1 m m
=
m

(m + 1)! m!
(2m + 1)! (2m + 1)!
( 2 ) ( x ) ( 1) = ( 2 ) ( x ) ( 1)
m+1 m m+1m
=
m 1 1 m

(m + 1)! m! (m + 1)! m!
(2m + 1)!
= 2 x ( 1)
m

(m + 1)! m!
For second middle term
r +1 = m + 2 r = m + 2 1 r = m +1
n
As Tr +1 = a nr x r
r
m +1
2m + 1 (2 m +1) ( m +1) 1
Tm+1+1 = (2x)
m +1 2x
Now simplify yourself
Question # 11 (Submitted by Waqas Ahmad - FAZMIC Sargodha 2004-06)
1
Here a = x , x = ,
2x
Number of term from the end = 2n + 1
1
To make it from beginning we take a = , x = x and r + 1 = 2n + 1 r = 2n
2x
n
As Tr +1 = a nr x r
r
3n 2 n n
3n 1 (3n)! 1 2n
T2 n+1 = ( x) = x
2n

2n 2 x (3n 2n)! (2n)! 2 x

(3n)! 1 (3n)! n 1
= ( 1) n n x 2n = ( 1) n x 2nn
n

(n)! (2n)! 2 x n! (2n)! 2

(1) n (3n)! n
= x Answer
2 n n! (2n)!
Note: If there are p term in some expansion and qth term is from the end then the term
from the beginning will be = p q + 1 .
So in above you can use term from the end = (3n + 1) (2n + 1) + 1 = n + 1
 FSc-I / Ex 8.2 - 11

Question # 12
2n + 2
Since 2n is even so the middle term is = n + 1 and
2
a = 1 , x = x , n = 2n , r + 1 = n + 1 r = n
Now Tr +1 = a nr x r
n
r
2n
Tn +1 = (1) 2 nn x n
n
(2n)! (2n)! n
Tn +1 = (1) n x n = x
(2n n)! n! n! n !
2n (2n 1)(2n 2)(2n 3)(2n 4)................ 5 4 3 2 1 n
= x
n! n!
=
[ 2n (2n 2)(2n 4)................ 4 2][ (2n 1)(2n 3)................ 5 3 1] x n
n! n!
2n [ n (n 1)(n 2)................ 2 1][(2n 1)(2n 3)................ 5 3 1] n
= x
n ! n !
2n n! [(2n 1)(2n 3)................ 5 3 1] n
= x
n! n!
2n [1 3 5 ............... (2n 1)] n
= x
n!
1 3 5 ............... (2n 1) n n
= 2 x
n!
Question # 13
Consider
n n n
(1 + x) n = + x + x 2
n n n n x n 1 + n x n
+ x 3 + x 4 + x 5 + .................. + n
0 1 2 3 4 5 n 1
. (i)
Put x = 1
n n n n n n
(1 + 1) n = + (1) + (1) 2 + (1) 3 + (1) 4 + (1) 5 + ............ +
n (1) n1 + n (1) n
n
0 1 2 3 4 5 n 1
n n n n n n n n
2 n = + + + + + + ............... + +
0 1 2 3 4 5 n 1 n
n n n n
2 n = + + + ............... + + + + + ............... +
n n n n

0 2 4 n 1 3 5 n 1
. (ii)
Now put x = 1 in equation (i)
n n n n n n
(1 1) n = + ( 1) + ( 1) + (1) + ( 1) + ( 1) + ...........
2 3 4 5

0 1 2 3 4 5
n (1) n1 + n (1)n
.......... + n
n 1
If we consider n is even then
n n n n n n n n
(0)n = + + + ................. +
0 1 2 3 4 5 n 1 n
n n n n
0 = + + + ................. + + + + ................. +
n n n n

0 2 4 n 1 3 5 n 1
n n n n n n
+ + + ................. + = + + + ................. +
n n

1 3 5 n 1 0 2 4 n
 FSc-I / Ex 8.2 - 12
Using it in equation (ii)
2 n = + + + .................... +
n n n n n
+ + + + .................... +
n n n

1 3 5 n 1 1 3 5 n 1
n n
2 n = 2 + + + .................... +
n n

1 3 5 n 1
2n n n n n
= + + + .................... +
2 1 3 5 n 1
n n
2 n1 = + + + .................... +
n n

1 3 5 n 1
n n n n
+ + + .................... + = 2n 1
1 3 5 n 1

Question # 14
L.H.S = + + + + .................... +
n 1 n 1 n 1 n 1 n

0 2 1 3 2 4 3 n + 1 n
n 1 n! 1 n! 1 n! 1 n
= + + + + .................... +
0 2 (n 1)!1! 3 (n 2)! 2! 4 (n 3)! 3! n + 1 n
n +1 1 n! 1 n! 1 n! 1
= 1 + + + + .................... + 1
n + 1 2 (n 1)!1! 3 (n 2)! 2! 4 (n 3)!3! n +1
1 1 ( n + 1) n ! 1 ( n + 1) n ! 1 ( n + 1) n ! n +1
= ( n + 1) + + + + .................... + 1
n +1 2 ( n 1)!1! 3 ( n 2)! 2! 4 ( n 3)! 3! n +1
1 (n + 1)! (n + 1)! (n + 1)!
= (n + 1) + + + + .................... + 1
n +1 (n 1)! 2 1! (n 2)! 3 2! (n 3)! 4 3!
1 ( n + 1)! ( n + 1)! ( n + 1)!
= ( n + 1) + + + + .................... + 1
n +1 ( n + 1 2)! 2! ( n + 1 3)! 3! ( n + 1 4)! 4!
1 n + 1 n + 1 n + 1 n + 1 n + 1
= 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + .................... + n + 1
n + 1
1 n + 1 n + 1 n + 1 n + 1 n + 1
= 1 + 1 + + + + + .................... +
n +1 1 2 3 4 n + 1
1 n + 1 + n + 1 + n + 1 + n + 1 + n + 1 + .................... + n + 1
= 1 + 0 1 2 3 4 n + 1
n + 1
1
= 1 + 2n +1
n +1
2n +1 1
= = R.H.S
n +1

Remember
n + 1 n + 1 n + 1
0 = 1 , 1 = n + 1 and n + 1 = 1

Made By: Atiq ur Rehman, ([email protected]) http://www.mathcity.org

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