Scribd
Upload
207 views2 pages

Millennium Problems

The document discusses 7 unsolved mathematical problems known as the Millennium Problems. It provides a brief 1-2 sentence description of each problem, including the Yang-Mills and Mass Gap problem about proving properties of quantum Yang-Mills equations, the Riemann Hypothesis concerning prime numbers, the P vs NP problem regarding the difficulty of solving vs checking solutions, the Navier-Stokes equation governing fluid flow, the Hodge Conjecture relating algebraic equations to topology, the Poincare Conjecture characterizing 3-dimensional spheres, and the Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer Conjecture connecting elliptic curves to number theory.

Uploaded by

Ingeniero Estructural
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
207 views2 pages

Millennium Problems

The document discusses 7 unsolved mathematical problems known as the Millennium Problems. It provides a brief 1-2 sentence description of each problem, including the Yang-Mills and Mass Gap problem about proving properties of quantum Yang-Mills equations, the Riemann Hypothesis concerning prime numbers, the P vs NP problem regarding the difficulty of solving vs checking solutions, the Navier-Stokes equation governing fluid flow, the Hodge Conjecture relating algebraic equations to topology, the Poincare Conjecture characterizing 3-dimensional spheres, and the Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer Conjecture connecting elliptic curves to number theory.

Uploaded by

Ingeniero Estructural
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 2

Millennium Problems | Clay Mathematics Institute Pgina 1 de 2

ABOUT PROGRAMS MILLENNIUM PROBLEMS PEOPLE PUBLICATIONS EVENTS EUCLID

Millennium Problems
YangMills and Mass Gap
Experiment and computer simulations suggest the existence of a "mass gap" in the solution to the quantum versions of the Yang-Mills equations. But
no proof of this property is known.

Riemann Hypothesis
The prime number theorem determines the average distribution of the primes. The Riemann hypothesis tells us about the deviation from the
average. Formulated in Riemann's 1859 paper, it asserts that all the 'non-obvious' zeros of the zeta function are complex numbers with real part 1/2.

P vs NP Problem
If it is easy to check that a solution to a problem is correct, is it also easy to solve the problem? This is the essence of the P vs NP question. Typical of
the NP problems is that of the Hamiltonian Path Problem: given N cities to visit, how can one do this without visiting a city twice? If you give me a
solution, I can easily check that it is correct. But I cannot so easily find a solution.

NavierStokes Equation
This is the equation which governs the flow of fluids such as water and air. However, there is no proof for the most basic questions one can ask: do
solutions exist, and are they unique? Why ask for a proof? Because a proof gives not only certitude, but also understanding.

Hodge Conjecture
The answer to this conjecture determines how much of the topology of the solution set of a system of algebraic equations can be defined in terms of
further algebraic equations. The Hodge conjecture is known in certain special cases, e.g., when the solution set has dimension less than four. But in
dimension four it is unknown.

Poincar Conjecture

http://www.claymath.org/millennium-problems 19-05-2017
Millennium Problems | Clay Mathematics Institute Pgina 2 de 2

In 1904 the French mathematician Henri Poincar asked if the three dimensional sphere is characterized as the unique simply connected three
manifold. This question, the Poincar conjecture, was a special case of Thurston's geometrization conjecture. Perelman's proof tells us that every
three manifold is built from a set of standard pieces, each with one of eight well-understood geometries.

Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer Conjecture


Supported by much experimental evidence, this conjecture relates the number of points on an elliptic curve mod p to the rank of the group of
rational points. Elliptic curves, defined by cubic equations in two variables, are fundamental mathematical objects that arise in many areas: Wiles'
proof of the Fermat Conjecture, factorization of numbers into primes, and cryptography, to name three.

Clay Mathematics Institute CMI Presidents Office

70 Main St Andrew Wiles Building Search

Suite 300 Radcliffe Observatory Quarter

Peterborough, NH03458 Woodstock Road

USA Oxford OX2 6GG, UK Last update: 18-May-2017 9:30 am

http://www.claymath.org/millennium-problems 19-05-2017

You might also like