0% found this document useful (0 votes)
484 views8 pages

Logarithm Eng

The document contains information about logarithms including definitions, properties, and examples of logarithmic equations. It provides key concepts such as the definition of the logarithm of a number to a base a, and properties including logarithms of products, quotients, and powers. It also discusses the monotonicity properties of logarithms and gives examples of questions involving logarithmic equations for practice.

Uploaded by

Prashantcool1999
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
0% found this document useful (0 votes)
484 views8 pages

Logarithm Eng

The document contains information about logarithms including definitions, properties, and examples of logarithmic equations. It provides key concepts such as the definition of the logarithm of a number to a base a, and properties including logarithms of products, quotients, and powers. It also discusses the monotonicity properties of logarithms and gives examples of questions involving logarithmic equations for practice.

Uploaded by

Prashantcool1999
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 8

MATHEMATICS

TARGET IIT-ENTRANCE & CBSE - 2013


XII

LOGARITHM

C ON T E NT S
LOGARITHM
KEY CONCEPT .................................................................. Page 2
EXERCISEI ...................................................................... Page 3
EXERCISEII ..................................................................... Page 4
EXERCISEIII ................................................................... Page 5

ANSWER KEY .................................................................... Page6

Corporate Office : "GAURAV TOWER" A-10, Road No.-1, I.P.I.A., Kota-324005 (Raj.) INDIA.
Tel. (0744)2423738, 2423739, 2421097, 2424097, 2423244 Fax: 2436779
Website : www.bansal.ac.in Email: [email protected]
KEY CONCEPTS (LOGARITHM)
THINGS TO REMEMBER :
1. LOGARITHM OF A NUMBER :
REMEMBER
The logarithm of the number N to the base 'a' is the exponent indicating
the power to which the base 'a' must be raised to obtain the number N. log102 = 0.3010
T h i s n u m b e r i s d e s i g n a t e d a s l o g a N.
log103 = 0.4771
Hence : logaN = x ax =N , a>0 , a1 & N>0 ln 2 = 0.693
If a = 10 , then we write log b rather than log10 b . ln 10 = 2.303
If a = e , we write ln b rather than loge b .
The existence and uniqueness of the number loga N follows from the properties of an exponential
functions.
From the definition of the logarithm of the number N to the base 'a' , we have an
log a N
identity : a =N , a>0 , a1 & N>0
This is known as the FUNDAMENTAL LOGARITHMIC IDENTITY .
NOTE :loga1 = 0 (a > 0 , a 1)
loga a = 1 (a > 0 , a 1) and
log1/a a = - 1 (a > 0 , a 1)
2. THE PRINCIPAL PROPERTIES OF LOGARITHMS:
Let M & N are arbitrary posiitive numbers , a > 0 , a 1 , b > 0 , b 1 and is any real number
then ;
(i) loga (M . N) = loga M + loga N (ii) loga (M/N) = loga M loga N
log a M
(iii) loga M = . loga M (iv) logb M =
log a b
NOTE : logba . logab = 1 logba = 1/logab. logba . logcb . logac = 1
x
ln a
logy x . logz y . loga z = logax. e = ax
3.
*
(i)
PROPERTIES OF MONOTONOCITY OF LOGARITHM :
For a > 1 the inequality 0 < x < y & loga x < loga y are equivalent.
(ii) For 0 < a < 1 the inequality 0 < x < y & loga x > loga y are equivalent.
(iii) If a > 1 then loga x < p 0 < x < ap
(iv) If a > 1 then logax > p x > ap
(v) If 0 < a < 1 then loga x < p x > ap
(vi) If 0 < a < 1 then logax > p 0 < x < ap

NOTE THAT :
If the number & the base are on one side of the unity , then the logarithm is positive ; If the number &
the base are on different sides of unity, then the logarithm is negative.
The base of the logarithm a must not equal unity otherwise numbers not equal to unity will not have
a logarithm & any number will be the logarithm of unity.
n
For a non negative number 'a' & n 2 , n N a = a1/n.

* Will be covered in detail in QUADRATIC EQAUTION


Logarithm [2]
EXERCISEI
[STRAIGHT OBJECTIVE TYPE
1 1 1
Q.1 log abc + log abc + log abc has the value equal to
bc ca ab

(A) 1/2 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 4

Q.2 If 5 x log2 3 + 3log2 x = 162 then logarithm of x to the base 4 has the value equal to
(A) 2 (B) 1 (C ) 1 (D) 3/2

log 70 9800 log 70 140 log70 2


Q.3 If N 2 5 7 , then N is equal to
(A) 20 (B) 60 (C) 18 (D) 40

Q.4 The number of value(s) of x satisfying the equation


log ln x
4 2 1 ln 3 x 3 ln 2 x 5 ln x 7 0
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 3

100
5
Q.5 Number of cyphers after decimal before a significant figure starts in is equal to
4
[Use: log102 = 0.3010]
(A) 6 (B) 7 (C) 8 (D) 9

Q.6 The sum of all values of x satisfying the equation


log 0.03 log 2 x 3 4log 2 x 2 3log 2 x 1 = 0, is

(A) 16 (B) 15 (C) 10 (D) 11

log x 1log 2 x
Q.7 Number of values of x satisfying the equation 5 3 3 2 = 3, is
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 3

[COMPREHENSION TYPE]
Paragraph for question nos. 8 to 10

logMN = + , where is an integer & [0, 1)

Q.8 If M & are prime & + M = 7 then the greatest integral value of N is
(A) 64 (B) 63 (C) 125 (D) 124

Q.9 If M & are twin prime & + M = 8 then the greatest integral value of N is
(A) 624 (B) 625 (C) 728 (D) 729

Q.10 If M & are relative prime & + M = 7 then minimum integral value of N is
(A) 25 (B) 32 (C) 6 (D) 81

Logarithm [3]
Paragraph for question nos. 11 to 13
A denotes the product xyz where x, y and z satisfy
log3x = log5 log7
log5y = log7 log3
log7z = log3 log5
B denotes the sum of square of solution of the equation
log2 (log2x6 3) log2 (log2x4 5) = log23
C denotes characterstic of logarithm
log2 (log23) log2 (log43) + log2 (log45) log2 (log65) + log2 (log67) log2(log87)

Q.11 The value of A + B + C is equal to


(A) 18 (B) 34 (C) 32 (D) 24

Q.12 The value of log2A + log2B + log2C is equal to


(A) 5 (B) 6 (C) 7 (D) 4

Q.13 The value of | A B + C | is equal to


(A) 30 (B) 32 (C) 28 (D) 30

[MULTIPLE OBJECTIVE TYPE]


2 2
Q.14 The value of x satisfying the equation log 2 2 x log 2 x log 2 = 2, is
x
(A) a prime number (B) a composite number
(C) an even number (D) an odd number

[INTEGER TYPE / SUBJECTIVE TYPE]


Q.15
(a) Let A = log11 11log11 (1331) , B = log385(5) + log385(7) + log385(11), C = log 4 log 2 (log 5 625) ,

log100 (16 ) AD
D = 10 . Find the value of
.
BC
(b) Let log7(5a) log7(a 4) = 1 and e2b + 5eb = a. If b = ln k where k N, find k.

1
Q.16 For 0 < a 1, find the number of ordered pair (x, y) satisfying the equation loga 2 x y = and
2
loga y loga x log 2 4 .
a

Q.17 Let N be the number of integers whose logarithms to the base 10 have the characteristic 5, and M the
number of integers the logarithms to the base 10 of whose reciprocals have the characteristic 4. Find
(log10 N log10M).

Logarithm [4]
[MATCH THE COLUMN]
Q.18 Column-I Column-II

(A) The expression x log 2 log 9 6 6 6 ..... simplifies to (P) an integer

(B) The number N = 2


log 2 3 log 3 4 log 4 5......... log99 100 simplifies to (Q) a prime
1 1 1
(C) The expression simplifies to (R) a natural
log 5 3 log 6 3 log10 3

(D) The number N = 2 5 6 3 5 14 6 5 simplifies to (S) a composite

Q.19 Column-I Column-II


(A) For positive real numbers a (a > 1), let pa and qa (P) 3
be the maximum and minimum values, respectively, of
1
loga(x) for a x 2a. If pa qa = , then the value of a is (Q) 4
2
1023
1
(B) log 2 1 n is equal to (R) 6
n 1


(C) If A = log 3 3 3 3 , then the value of log 8A 1 is equal to (S) 8
3 2

(D) The value of expression (T) 10
log 27 8 log32 243 log625 81 log9 25 log 2 9
3 2 5 3 + 2 3log 4 25 5log 4 9 , is

Q.20 Column-I Column-II


(A) The value(s) of x, which does not satisfy the equation (P) 2
l o g 22 (x2 x) 4 log2(x 1) log2x = 1, is (are)
(B) The value of x satisfying the equation (Q) 3
log 7 10log10 ( 8 x 3)
ln 5log5 7
2log2 e = 13, is (R) 4

1 1
(C) The number N = log log is less than (S) 5
2 6

log 65 5
(D) Let l = (log34 + log29)2 (log34 log29)2 and m = (0.8) 1 9log3 8 (T) 6
then (l + m) is divisible by

Logarithm [5]
EXERCISEII
ab (ab) 2 4(a b) ab (ab) 2 4(a b)
Q.1 Let A denotes the value of log10 + log10
2 2

when a = 43 and b = 57
and B denotes the value of the expression 2log6 18 3log6 3 .

Find the value of (A B).

6
Q.2(a) If x = log34 and y = log53, find the value of log310 and log3 in terms of x and y..
5
log2 5 2
(b) If k = 16, find the value of k (log2 5) .

Q.3 Solve for x:


(a) log10 (x2 12x + 36) = 2
(b) 91+logx 31+logx 210 = 0 ; where base of log is 3.
(c) log10 (2x + x 41) = x (1 log105).


log b log b N
log b a
Q.4 Simplify: (a) log1/3 4 729.3 9 1.27 4 / 3 ; (b) a

Q.5 Solve for x:


(a) If log4 log3 log2 x = 0 ; (b) If loge log5 [ 2 x 2 3] = 0

2 3
Q.6 Find the value of the expression 6
.
log 4 (2000) log5 (2000) 6

Q.7 Simplify the following:


1 3
log 9 log 3
5log 3 6 6log8 3 2 81 5
3 6
2

(a) 4 4 2
(b) . 7 log 25 7
125log 25 6
409
log1 / 5 12
log 4 1 1log 7 2 log 5 4
(c) 5 log1 / 2 . (d) 49 +5
2 7 3 10 2 21

log3 7 log7 11 log11 25


Q.8 If a, b, c are positive real numbers such that a = 27 ; b = 49 and c = 11 . Find the
(log 7 ) 2 (log 11) 2 (log 25) 2
value of a 3 b 7 c 11 .

Q.9 5logx 3logx-1 = 3logx+1 5logx-1, where the base of logarithm is 10.

Q.10 Let y = log 2 3 log 2 12 log 2 48 log 2 192 16 log212 log248 + 10. Find y N.

Logarithm [6]
x
Q.11 (a) If 'x' and 'y' are real numbers such that, 2 log(2y 3x) = log x + log y, find .
y

(b) If a = log1218 & b = log2454 then find the value of ab + 5 (a b).

9
(log9 x ) 2 log x 5
Q.12 Find the sum of all solutions of the equation 3 2 9
3 3.

Q.13 (a) Given : log1034.56 = 1.5386, find log103.456 ; log100.3456 & log100.003456.
(b) Find the number of positive integers which have the characteristic 3, when the base of the
logarithm is 7.
(c) If log102 = 0.3010 & log103 = 0.4771, find the value of log10(2.25).
(d)
If N = antilog3 log6 antilog 5

(log5 1296) , then find the characteristic of log N to the base 2.

Q.14 If log102 = 0.3010, log103 = 0.4771. Find the number of integers in :


(a) 5200 (b) 615 & ( c ) t h e n u m b e r o f z e r o s a f t e r t h e d e c i m a l i n 3 100.

Q.15 If (x1, y1) and (x2, y2) are the solution of the system of equation
log225(x) + log64(y) = 4
logx(225) logy(64) = 1,
then find the value of log30(x1y1x2y2).

EXERCISEIII
Q.1 Let (x0, y0) be the solution of the following equations
(2 x )ln 2 (3y)ln 3
3ln x = 2ln y.
Then x0 is
1 1 1
(A) (B) (C) (D) 6
6 3 2
[JEE 2011, 3]

Logarithm [7]
ANSWER SHEET
EXERCISEI
Q.1 B Q.2 D Q.3 D Q.4 C Q.5 D Q.6 D Q.7 B

Q.8 D Q.9 C Q.10 C Q.11 B Q.12 A Q.13 D Q.14 AC

Q.15(a) 0024 ; (b) 0002 Q.16 0002 Q.17 0002

Q.18 (A) P, (B) P, R, S, (C) P, R, (D) P, Q, R Q.19 (A) Q; (B) T ; (C) S; (D) P

Q.20 (A) Q, R, S, T; (B) P; (C) Q, R, S, T; (D) P, R, S

EXERCISEII
xy 2 xy 2 y 2
Q.1 12 Q .2 (a ) , ; (b) 625 Q.3 (a) x = 16 or x = 4 (b) x = 5 (c) x = 41
2y 2y

Q .4 (a ) 1 (b) logbN Q.5 (a) 8 (b) x = 3 Q.6 1/6


25
Q.7 (a) 9, (b) 1, (c) 6, (d) Q.8 469 Q.9 x = 100 Q.10 y=6
2
Q.11(a) 4/9 ; (b) 1 Q.12 2196 Q.13 (a) 0.5386; 1.5386 ; 3.5386 (b) 2058 (c) 0.3522 (d) 3

Q.14 (a) 140 (b) 12 (c) 47 Q.15 12

EXERCISEIII
Q.1 C

OTHER STUDY CENTERS:


JAIPUR- BANSAL CLASSES, Pooja Tower, 3, Gopalpura, Gopalpura Bypass, Jaipur Tel.:0141-2721107,2545066, E-mail: [email protected]

AJMER- BANSAL CLASSES, 92, LIC Colony, Vaishali Nagar, Ajmer (Raj.) Tel.: 0145-2633456, E-mail: [email protected]

PALANPUR- C/o Vidyamandir School, Teleybaug (Vidya Mandir Campus-1) Palanpur-385001, Dist: Banaskantha, North Gujarat,
Tel.: 02742-258547, 250215 Mob: 07359557197 E-mail: [email protected]

GUWAHATI- 5B, Manik Nagar, Near Ganeshguri, RGB Road, Guwahati - 781005

Tel. : 0361-2202878,Mob. : 08486002472, 08486002473, 08486002474 Email: [email protected]

MEERUT- 1st Floor, Kumar Plaza, Opp. GIC, Begum Bridge Road, Meerut 250001 (U.P.)

Tel. : 0121-3294000 Mob.: 09568424000, 09568434000 Email: [email protected]

NAGPUR- BANSAL CLASSES, Saraf Chambers Annexe, Mount Road, Sadar Nagpur-1 Tel.: 0712-6565652, 6464642 E-mail: [email protected]

DEHRADUN- C/o SelaQui International School, Chakrata Road, Dehradun, Uttarakhand-248197


Tel.: 0135-3051000 E-mail: [email protected]

JAMMU- 3rd Floor, Gupta Tower, Bahu Plaza, Jammu 180004 Mobile: 09697600045 Email: [email protected]
Logarithm [8]

You might also like