:

""

anti-virus

microsoft word

: .

2013/10/16

4

:

.1

.2

.3

.4

.5

(:

) (...

7170

2 ................................................ ................................
5 ....................................................
5 ...................................................
5 ...........................................
6 ...........................
8 ................................................................ ................................
12 ...........................................................
13 .................... ................................................................
13 ..................................................

13 ...........RAM(Random Access Memory)

14 ............................... Central Processing Unit

15 ............................................................................ Devices

15 .................................. ................................

17 ................................................... ................................
20 .................... ................................................................
20 .............................................................................Bit

21 ........................................................................... Byte

21 ...............................................
23 ...............................................

8
23 ............................................... ................................

24 .............................................. ................................

27 .................... ................................................................
27 ................................
29 .................................
30 .............................................................................
32 .........................
33 .........................
33 ..........................
35 ..........................
36 ..........................
36 ..........................
38 ...............................................
41 ......................................
42 ...................... ................................
43 .................... ................................................................
44 .................... ................................................................
45 ................................................... ................................
48 .........................................................
49 ..................................... ................................
49 .................................. ................................

9
50 .............................................. ................................
50 .................................... ................................
52 ..................................... ................................
52 ....................................................................... Variables
54 ............................................................................
55 ...........................................................................
58 ................................................... ................................
59 ................................................... ................................
60 .............................................. ................................ /
60 ...........................Arithmetic operators

63 ....................... String Concatenation operators

64 ........... Increment and Decrement Operators

65 .............................................. Comparison operators

67 ................................................. Logical operators

70 ................................................. ................................
74 .......................................................................
76 ....................................................................... Loops
76 ......... ................................while

78 ............................................ for

81 ................................................. ................................ Arrays

85 ..................................... ................................

10
87 ............................................
88 .............................Copying Arrays
91 ............................................................. ................................

11


12

/

(...

Hardware

Software

.Hardware

):RAM(Random Access Memory

.Address

13
 1

:Central Processing Unit

) (

14
 :Devices

: ... . Input devices

:Output Devices ... .

:Storage Devices

... .

0 ) 1

" "2 "

"Binary Language

0 1

" "

0 1 .

15


) (
Binary encoding 0 1
Decimal encoding )
: 0 (9
.

16


) (9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

3 :

10 2897 :

2 8 9 7

1000 = 10 * 100
2 * 1000 = 2 * 10 * 100
2000 = 2 * 1000

8 :

17
 100 = 10 * 10

8 * 100 = 8 * 10 * 10

800 = 8 * 100

9 :

10 = 10 * 1

9 * 10 = 9 * 10 * 1

90 = 9 * 10

1=1*1

7*1=7*1*1

7=7*1

2897:

)2897 = (2 * 1000) + (8 * 100) + (9 * 10) + (7 * 1

2897 = (2 * 10 * 10 * 10) + (8 * 10 * 10) + (9 * 10) + 7

18
 :

)2897 = (2 * 103) + (8 * 102) + (9 * 101) + (7 * 100

103 10*10*10=1000
102 10*10=100
101 10
100 1

19

Bit

Bit

0 .1

.1 : )(0 or 1

.2 22 : ) (0 and 0

) (0 and 1 ) (1 and 0 )(1 and 1

.3 (2*2*2*2) 24 : 16:

0000 0001 0010 0011

0100 0101 0110 0111
1000 1001 1010 1011
1100 1101 1110 1111

Byte 1 Byte = 8 Bits

28 256 .

2N . N )(bit

20
 Byte

1 KiloByte (KB) = 210 Byte = 1024 Byte

1 MegaByte (MB) = 210 KiloByte = 1024 KiloByte

1 GegaByte (GB) = 210 MegaByte = 1024 MegaByte

1 TeraByte (GB) = 210 GegaByte = 1024 GegaByte

2 10110010 :

21
)10110010 = (1 * 27)+(0 * 26)+(1 * 25)+(1 * 24)+(0 * 23)+(0 * 22)+(1 * 21)+(0 * 20
:
)10110010 = (1 * 128)+(0 * 64)+(1 * 32)+(1 * 16)+(0 * 8)+(0 * 4)+(1 * 2)+(0 * 1
:
)10110010 = (128)+(0)+( 32)+( 16)+(0)+(0)+( 2)+(0
:
10110010 = 178

:
(10110010)8 = (178)10

101010 :

)(101010)2 = (1 * 25)+(0 * 24)+(1 * 23)+(0 * 22)+(1 * 21)+(0 * 20

)(101010)2 = (32)+(0)+(8)+(0)+(2)+(0
(101010)2 = (42)10

22

:

2 .

423 :
423 2
1 21 2
11 10 2
51 52 2
0 26 2
0 13 2
1 6 2
0 3 2
1 2
1
1
0

(423) 10 = (110100111) 2

23


57 2
1 28 2
0 14 2
0 7 2
1 3 2
1 1 2
1 0

(57)10 = (111001)2

20 1
21 2
22 4
23 8
24 16
25 32

24
 26 64
27 128
28 256
29 512
210 1024

423

28 * 1 = 423
167 = 256 423
27 *1 = 167
39 = 128 167
26 * 0 = 39
25 * 1 = 39
7 = 32 39
24 * 0 = 7
23 * 0 = 7
22 * 1 = 7
3=47
21 * 1 = 3
1 = 2 - 3
2 0 * 1 =1

(423) 10 = (110100111) 2

25
 26 :

24 * 1 = 26
10 = 16 - 26
23 *1 = 10
2 = 8 10
22 * 0 = 2
21 * 1 = 2
0=22
2 0 * 0 =0
:

(26)10 = (11010)2

26

Bits

Byte .1 Byte=8 Bits

16

) 2( "" Word

DWord Double Word

4 Bytes 32 .32 Bits

.7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

(15)10 = 8 + 7

)(15)10 = (1 * 81)+(7 * 80

(15)10 = (17)8
27
 :

)(153)10 = (128) + (24) + (1

)(153)10 = (2 * 82) + (3 * 81) + (1 * 80

(153)10 = (231)8

) 8(340 :

)(340)8 = (3 * 82) + (4 * 81) + (0 * 80

)(340)8 = (3 * 64) + (4 * 8) + (0 * 1

)(340)8 = (192) + (32) + (0

(340)8 = (224)10

28


0 000
1 001
2 010
3 011
4 100
5 101
6 110
7 111

1001110:

:
1001110 = 1 001 110

1 1 6

(1001110)2 = (116)8

29
 :

= (100111001110)2 100 111 001 110

= (100111001110)2 4 7 1 6

(100111001110)2 = (4716)8

(234)8 = 010 011 100

(234)8 = (10 011 100)2

16

)(9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

)( f e d c b a

.16 15 14 13 12 11:

30
 16

(10011100)2 = (9C)16

(11110100011001011)2 = (1E8CB)16

(1100000101011111001110110)2 = (182BE76)16

1 1
2 2
3 3
4 4
5 5
6 6
7 7
8 8
9 9
10 A
11 B
12 C
13 D
14 E
15 F

31


16

)23 = (1 * 161) + (7 * 160

(23)10 = (17)16

__________________________________

)145 = (9 * 161) + (1 * 160

(145)10 = (91)16

)367 = (1 * 162) + (6 * 161) + (15 * 160

15
2 1 0
) 367 = (1 * 16 ) + (6 * 16 ) + (15 * 16 ) F
)367 = (1 * 162) + (6 * 161) + (F * 160 (
(367)10 = (16F)16

32


:
)(54)16 = (5 * 161) + (4 * 160
)(54)16 = (80) + (4
(54)16 = (84)10
----------------------------------------
)(89)16 = (8 * 161) + (9 * 160
)(89)16 = (128) + (9
(89)16 = (137)10
----------------------------------
)(F3D)16 = (15 * 162)+(3 * 161) + (13 * 160
)(F3D)16 = (3840) + (48) + (13
(F3D)16 = (3901)10

0 0000 8 1000
1 0001 9 1001
2 0010 A 1010
3 0011 B 1011
4 0100 C 1100
5 0101 D 1101

33
 6 0110 E 1110
7 0111 F 1111

= (100110111101)2 1001 1011 1101

9 B D

(100110111101)2 = (9BD)16

_________________________________________________________

(11101111000111000101001)2 = 111 0111 1000 1110 0010 1001

7 7 8 E 2 9

(11101111000111000101001)2 = (778E29)16

34


(3D)16 = (0011 1101)2

0011 D ) 1101 3
(

(6FE89A)16 = (0110 1111 1110 1000 1001 1010)2

(458ECB)16 = (10001011000111011001011)2

(12CFE8B74B)16 = (1001011001111111010001011011101001011)2

35


(12)8 = (001 110)2

(12)8 = (1110)2 001 1

) 2 110
(1110)2 = (E)16

(12)8 = (E)16 (20
__________________________________________________

(345)8 = (011 100 101)2

(345)8 = (11100101)2

(11100101)2 = (E5)16

(345)8 = (E5)16
_____________________________________

(2431)8 = (010 100 011 001)2

(2431)8 = (10100011001)2

(10100011001)2 = (519)16

(2431)8 = (519)16

36


(6EB)16 = (0110 1110 1011)2

(6EB)16 = (11011101011)2

25
(11011101011)2 = (3353)8

(6EB)16 = (3353)8

____________________________________________________

(EE56FD)16 = (1110 1110 0101 0110 1111 1101)2

(EE56FD)16 = (111011100101011011111101)2

(111011100101011011111101)2 = (73453375)8

(EE56FD)16 = (73453375)8

37

:1

.1 .
.2
.3
.4
.5
.6
.7

.
.8
. .9
.10
.

:2

:
1
75
12
1750
5680

38
 :3
:
7
162
943
5872
761452

:4

:
100101
111100110110001
10011100000101010010
100100010011111001010010
10111001110001000000011101001011001

:5

:
56
123
6761
671512
39
13726552
 :6

:
10101
1110111
1001000110
11111011101
1010101010101111010
:7
:
7
432
19827
1909725
5652414146

:8

:
99
12D
AAABBC
54F
11FFEE11D456
980FD

40


41


42


2=1+1

10=1+1

+ 0 1
0 0 1
1 1 10

1001011 1101110 10101

+1110010 + 10010 + 1001
________ ________ ______
10111101 10000000 11110
____________________________________________________________________________

11000101110101
+10100100101001
_______________
101101010011110

43


127 352

0 1 1 1

0 0

1 0 1 0

1 0 .1

44
 1001 1010

) 0+1 (Bits 2 :

1 10

1 .2

1 ) 1 1 (

45
 :

X 0 1

0 0 0

1 0 1

46
47


48


) (...

Pseudo Code

Comments

//

*/

*/

49


50
 ) (

51


//

BEGIN

//Program Instructions

END
Variables

Screen

(.

52


) (

...

53


) Runtime (

] [ _

; [DATA_TYPE] VariableName

] [ :

) ( )

( ) : ( ...

// _1 _1

// _1 _1

// _1 _1

// _ _

// __1 __1

54
 ; Int Number1 //Declare Integer Variable

; String Text1 //Declare String Variable

; Char Char1 //Declare Char Variable

; Date Date1 //Declare Date Variable

; Boolean Bool1 //Declare Boolean Variable

null

_ 1_ 2_ 3_4

; Int Number1, Number2, Number3, Number4

) (

55
 // _ 156
_
// _ 48

; Int First_Number 156 //

; Int Second_Number
; Second_Number 48 //

_ 156

)" "( :

_ " " //

// ""

;" " String FullName //

; String Nationality
;"" Nationality //
:

56
 _ 156
_
_ _

; Int First_Number 156

; Int Second_Number
; Second_Number First_Number
_ _

.156

_ _ _

_.

57


//

)" "(

//

" "

)(

//

; )" "(WRITE

//

;" " String FullName

; )WRITE(FullName

58


)" (" :

// ) _(

)" (" :

)_(

BEGIN

; String FullName

; )" "(WRITE

; )READ(FullName //

; )" WRITE(" :

; )WRITE(FullName

END

59


.:

( .

:Arithmetic operators

+
-
*
/
\
%
^

60

_ _
_ 25
_ 5

//

//
_ +_

//
_ -_

//
_ * _

//
_ /_

// Power
_ ^ _

// Modulo
_ %_

61
 BEGIN
Int First_Number, Second_Number ;
First_Number 25 ;
Second_Number 5 ;

//

//
Int Sum First_Number + Second_Number ;

//
Int Substract First_Number - Second_Number ;

//
Int Multiplication First_Number * Second_Number ;

//
Int Division First_Number / Second_Number ;

// Power
Int Power First_Number ^ Second_Number ;

// Modulo
Int Modulo First_Number % Second_Number ;

END

_ _

.30 5 + 25 +

_ _

.20 5 - 25 -

62
 _ _

* 5 * 25 .125

_ _

5 / 25 .5

_ _

255 .9765625

_ 25 5 .

:String Concatenation operators

+ :

_ _
_ " "
_ " "
_ +_
)(

63
BEGIN
; String Text1, Text2

; " " Text1

; " " Text2

String Concat ; Text1 + Text2

)WRITE(Concat

END

.+

:Increment and Decrement Operators

// 1

_ 25
_ _ 1+
// :
_ ++

// 1

_ 25
_ _ 1-
// :
_ --

64
 BEGIN
//1

; Int First_Number 25
;First_Number First_Number + 1
//:
;First_Number++
//1

; Int Second_Number 25
;Second_Number Second_Number - 1
//:
;Second_Number--
END

:Comparison operators

(... boolean :

true false

>
<
=
><
=>
=<

65
 :

// True 4 2

_ 4 > 2

// False 5 1

_ 5 < 1

// True 5 10

_ 10 <> 5

// True 20 6 .14

_ 20 = 14 + 6

BEGIN
4 True2 //

; Bool Expression1 4 > 2

5 False1 //

; Bool Expression2 5 < 1

5 True10 //

; Bool Expression3 10 <> 5

20 6 True.14 //

; Bool Expression4 20 = 14 + 6
END

66
 :Logical operators

boolean : true false

AND )(

OR )(

67

// True 2 4 7 5

_ ) 2 < 4 (7 > 5

// False 3 5

_ ) 2 < 4 (3 = 5

*/

True

2 < 4

" "

*/

_ ) 2 < 4 (2 > 5

//

_ ) 2 > 4 (3 = 5

68
BEGIN
2 4 7 True5 //

; ) Bool Expression1 ( 2 < 4 AND 7 > 5

3 False5 //

; ) Bool Expression2 ( 2 < 4 AND 3 = 5

*/

True

2 < 4

" "

*/

; ) Bool Expression3 ( 2 > 5 OR 2 < 4

//

; ) Bool Expression4 ( 2 > 4 OR 3 = 5

END

69


Skype Messenger

Condition Flow

Control :

) // (

//

)// (

//

*/

*/ " "

70
 BEGIN

IF ( /*Statement that can be either true or false*/) THEN

//Do Someting
ELSEIF (/* Other Condition */) THEN
//Do Someting
ELSE
//Do Someting
END IF

END

71


__ ""myUserName
__ ""MyPassword123
_
_

)" "(

)_(

)" "(

)_(

)_ = __ _ = __(
)" "(

)_ >< __ _ = __(
)" "(

)_ = __ _ >< __(
)" "(

)" "(

72
BEGIN
String SavedID " myUserName";
String SavedPWD " MyPassword123";
String ID ;
String Password ;

WRITE(";)"

READ(UserName);

WRITE(" ;)"

READ(UserName);

IF (ID = SavedID AND Password= SavedPWD) THEN

WRITE(" ;)"

ELSEIF (ID <> SavedID AND Password= SavedPWD) THEN

WRITE(" ;)"

ELSEIF (ID = SavedID AND Password<> SavedPWD) THEN

WRITE(" ;)"

ELSE (ID = SavedID AND Password<> SavedPWD)

WRITE(" ;)"

END IF
END

73

:

: .

" "JAVA " "PERL

: ) =

* (

74
 .1 500 .

.2 500 1000 1 .

.3 1000 5 .

= * ) 1 (100 /

75
 Loops

while

for

: :while

76
 :

) */ *(/
//

BEGIN
)WHILE (Expression
//Statements
END WHILE
END

__

)" "(

)__(

)__ >< " "(

)" ! "(

)" ! (".

77
BEGIN

; String First_Khalifa

; )" "(WRITE

; )READ(First_Khalifa

" " >< WHILE First_Khalifa

; )" ! "(WRITE

END WHILE

)" ! WRITE(".

END

: :

: :for

78


1 1000
)" "(

BEGIN
; Int Count
FOR Count 1 TO 1000
; )" "( WRITE
END FOR
END

1 .

21 = 6 + 5 + 4 + 3 + 2 + 1

79


0
)" "(
)(
1
+

)" +" :(

BEGIN
; Int Number, Count
; Int Sum 0
; )" "( WRITE
; )READ(Number
FOR Count 1 TO Number
; Sum Sum + Number
END FOR
; )" + Sum WRITE(" :
END

: 1

:.

1 1 7

80
 3=2+1 2 7
6=3+3 3 7
10=4+6 4 7
15=5+10 5 7
21=6+15 6 7
28=7+21 7 7

Arrays

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 910

;Int Num1, Num2, Num3, Num4, Num5, Num6, Num7, Num8, Num9, Num10

81


Arrays

:Value

:Index

82
 Index

one-dimensional

array .

//
_ __ ][

// 7
_ __ ] [7

BEGIN
//
; ][Data_Type ArrayName

7//
; ]Data_Type ArrayName[7
END

//
__ ][

// 7
__ ] [7

83
BEGIN
//
; ][Int MarksArray

7//
; ]Int MarksArray[7
END

// 7
__ ] [7

//

// Index
__ ]" [0"
__ ]" [1"
__ ]" [2"
__ ]" [3"
__ ]" [4"
__ ]" [5"
__ ]" [6"

//
0 6
)" +" :__ ][(

84
BEGIN
7 //
; ]String WeekArray[7

//
; Int Count
//
;"WeekArray[0] " Sunday
;"WeekArray[1] " Monday
;"WeekArray[2] " Tuesday
;"WeekArray[3] " Wednesday
;"WeekArray[4] " Thursday
;"WeekArray[5] " Friday
;"WeekArray[6] " Saturday
//
For Count 0 TO 6
;)]WRITE("The Day Name Is: "+ WeekArray[Count
END FOR
END

) (

...

85
 two-dimensional array

Columns :Rows

_ ] [5,4

;]Int Two_Dimensional_Array[4,5

)(0,0 )(0,1 )(0,2 )(0,3 )(0,4

)(1,0 )(1,1 )(1,2 )(1,3 )(1,4
)(2,0 )(2,1 )(2,2 )(2,3 )(2,4
)(3,0 )(3,1 )(3,2 )(3,3 )(3,4

: Index

86


//
_ ] [2,3

//
_ _

// Index
_ ]18 [0,0
_ ]14 [0,1
_ ]16 [0,2

_ ]11 [1,0
_ ]19 [1,1
_ ]20 [1,2

//
_ 0 2
_ 0 1
)" +" :_]_ _[(

87
 BEGIN
//
;]Int Two_Dimensional_Array[3,2

//
; Int Count_Rows, Count_Columns

//
; Two_Dimensional_Array[0,0] 18
; Two_Dimensional_Array[0,1] 14
; Two_Dimensional_Array[0,2] 16

; Two_Dimensional_Array[1,0] 11
; Two_Dimensional_Array[1,1] 19
; Two_Dimensional_Array[1,2] 20

//
For Count_Columns 0 TO 2
For Count_Rows 0 TO 1
WRITE("The Element Is: "+
;)]Two_Dimensional_Array[Count_Columns, Count_Rows
END FOR
END FOR
END

Copying Arrays
Methods

( Clone

Clone .

88


//
__ ] [5
__ ] [5

//
__ ]100 [0
__ ]760 [1
__ ]324 [2
__ ]109 [3
__ ]221 [4

//
0 4
__ ][ __][

89
BEGIN
//
Int SourceNumericArray[5];
Int TargetNumericArray[5];

//
Int Count;

//
SourceNumericArray[0] 100 ;
SourceNumericArray[1] 760 ;
SourceNumericArray[2] 324 ;
SourceNumericArray[3] 109 ;
SourceNumericArray[4] 221 ;

//
For Count 0 TO 4
TargetNumericArray[Count] SourceNumericArray[Count];
END FOR
END

90

"

"

[email protected]

[email protected]

www.mobarmjoun.com

www.youtube.com/EssaadaniTV

www.facebook.com/EssaadaniPage

91