Pakistan Power Sector:

1. General:
Pakistan having about 30% standby electricity few years back in
2003-04, has been facing a severe power crisis for the last six to
seven years. The present crisis is considered to be the worst of four
such crises that Pakistan has been facing since 1974.
Due to a fast growing demand, high system losses and seasonal
reduction in the availability of hydropower, the gap between the
demand and supply of electricity is resulting in routine load
shedding. Inadequate power generation capacity is just one of the
factors affecting power supply. The average short fall in the
supply demand gap is between 3500-4000 MW.
The continuing shortage of electric power in the country is adversely
affecting the national economy. Industrial productivity has gone down
and the situation threatens badly the export performance and the
ensuing balance of payments besides creating social as well as law and
order problems in the country.

2. Main Electric Power Producers in Pakistan:

The main electric power producers in Pakistan are Water and Power
Development Authority (WAPDA), Karachi Electricity Supply
Company (KESC) and Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC,
the operator of the two nuclear power plants). Besides these three
main power producers, a number of independent power producers
(IPPs) established since 1994 are also contributing significantly to the
electricity sector of the country.
a. Water and Power Development Authority (WAPDA):
WAPDA the Pakistan Water and Power Development Authority, was
created in 1958 as a semi-autonomous body for the purpose of
coordinating and giving a unified direction to the development of
schemes in water and power sectors, which were previously being
dealt with, by the respective electricity and irrigation department
of the
provinces.

Since October 2007, WAPDA has been bifurcated into two

distinct entities i.e. WAPDA and Pakistan Electric Power Company
(PEPCO). WAPDA is responsible for water and hydropower
development whereas PEPCO is responsible for the management of
all the affairs of WAPDA’s fourteen public limited companies in the
areas of thermal power generation, transmission, distribution and
billing. These fourteen (14) corporate entities are:

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Four (4) Thermal Power Generation Companies (GENCOs)

1. Southern Generation Power Company Limited (GENCO-1)

head quarter at Jamshoro district Dadu near Hyderabad Sindh.
2. Central Power Generation Company Limited (GENCO-2)
head quarter at Guddu district Jacobabad Sindh.
3. Northern Power Generation Company Limited (GENCO-
3) headquarters at TPS Muzaffargarh
district Muzaffargarh Punjab.
4. Lakhra Power Generation Company Limited (GENCO-4)
Headquarter at WAPDA House Lahore.
One (1) National Transmission & Power Dispatch Company (NTDC)
Nine (9) Distribution Companies (DISCOs) as under:
1. Lahore Electric Supply Company (LESCO)
2. Gujranwala Electric Power Company (GEPCO)
3. Faisalabad Electric Supply Company (FESCO)
4. Islamabad Electric Supply Company (IESCO)
5. Multan Electric Power Company (MEPCO)
6. Peshawar Electric Power Company (PESCO)
7. Hyderabad Electric Supply Company (HESCO)
8. Quetta Electric Supply Company (QESCO)
9. Tribal Electric Supply Company (TESCO)
b. Karachi Electric Supply Company (KESC):
The Karachi Electric Supply Company Limited
was incorporated on 13th September 1913 under the Indian
Companies Act, 1882 as
amended to date vide the Companies Ordinance 1984. The
company is listed on Karachi, Lahore and
Islamabad stock exchanges. The Government of Pakistan took
control of the company by acquiring
majority shareholding in 1952. The Ministry of Water and Power
looks after the affairs of the company at
federal level.
The company has been privatized in November 2005 with the
transfer of 73% shares of the Government of Pakistan along with
Management Control to the new owner viz M/s KES Power &
others.
KESC is principally engaged in generation, transmission and
distribution of electric energy to industrial, commercial,
agricultural and residential consumers under the Electricity Act,
1910 as amended to date & NEPRA Act 1997, to its licensed
areas. The licensed area of KESC is spread over entire Karachi
and its suburbs up to Dhabeji and Gharo in Sindh and over Hub,
Uthal, Vindhar and Bela in Baluchistan. The total area covered is
around 6000 square kilometers and a population of 12-14
million. The company owns 1,756 MW of generation capacity
(oil- and gas-fired), of which 1,534 MW is operational.

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 The approximate demand for power in the city is at least 2300
MW. To meet the supply-demand gap, KESC purchases power
from WAPDA, Independent Power Producers (IPPs) and
KANUPP. Whenever any of these outside entities fail to provide
power or there is a breakdown in KESC’s own installed
generation base, the company has to restore the load shedding.
The new management has employed Siemens Pakistan
Engineering Limited as the Operations and Management
(O&M) contractor for the operation and management of the
company. Siemens is in the process of updating and modernizing
the infrastructure and operations of the company.

c. Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC):

PAEC is the operator of the existing two nuclear power plants in
Pakistan. Karachi Nuclear Power Plant (KANUPP), the first
nuclear power plant of the country was commissioned in 1971 in
Karachi through a turn-key agreement with Canadian General
Electric Company. The second Chashma Nuclear Power Plant-1
(CHASNUPP-I), was commissioned in the year 2000 also
through a turn key agreement with China National Nuclear
Corporation.
After successful experience of KANUPP and CHASNUPP-I, the
Government of Pakistan has entered into another contract with
China for construction of the second unit CHASNUPP-II. The
construction of the unit is in progress and it is expected that the
unit will be commissioned by the year 2011.
The total installed capacity of the two nuclear power plants in the country is
462 MW.
d. Independent Power Producers (IPPs):
At present following IPPs are operating in Pakistan while a
number of projects are under construction. The gross power
generation capacity of the IPPs is 5,822 MW. KAPCO and
HUBCO are the two largest companies among IPPs with a
production of 1,466 MW and 1,292 MW respectively.

Thermal Generation of Pakistan.

Our main project is regarding thermal energy potential of Pakistan.
1. Thermal Generation:
Bulk of Pakistan’s power generation is based on thermal
resources mainly furnace oil and natural gas as fuel; coal is almost
non-existent. The total installed capacity of thermal power plants

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 in the country as on June 30’ 2008 was 12,478 MW.
As per Energy Yearbook 2008, share of thermal power generation
during 2007-08 was recorded at 64.13 percent.
Total Thermal Generation of Pakistan.

2. Generation by IPPs.

Future plans: It is learnt through the sources of Pakistan Electric Power Company
(PEPCO) that an investment of around US$ 2 billion is expected in power sector
through Rental Power Projects (RPPs) and an additional electricity of 1,675 MW will
be added in the system by December 2009 when nine rental power projects will start
generation.

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3. THERMAL POWER STATIONS (WAPDA):

S.# Power Stations Installed Installed Fuel Type Date of

Capacity Commissioning
(MW)
1 SPS Faisalabad 132 Gas / FO Jun 1967
2 GTPS Faisalabad 244 Gas / HSD Oil July 1975
3 NGPS Multan 130 Gas / FO July 1963
4 TPS Muzaffar Garh 1350 Gas / FO Sep 1993
5 TPS Guddu 1655 Gas / FO March 1974
(unit 1 - 4)
6 FBC Lakhra 150 Gas / HSD Oil Dec 1987
7 GTPS Kotri 174 Gas / HSD Oil 1970
8 TPS Jamshoro 850 Gas / FO Jan. 1990
9 TPS Pasni 17 HSD Oil -
10 GTPS Panjpur 39 HSD Oil -
11 GTPS Shahdra 59
12 TPS Quetta 35
Total Capacity 4835

SPS: Steam Power Station

TPS: Thermal Power Station
GTPS: Gas Turbine Power Station
NGPS: Natural Gas Power Station

4.THERMAL POWER STATIONS (KESC):

S.# Power Stations Installed Installed Fuel Type Location

Capacity
(MW)

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1 TPS Korangi 316 Gas / FO Korangi
2 GTPS Korangi Town 80 Gas Korangi
3 GTPS SITE 100 Gas Karachi
4 TPS Bin Qasim 1260 Gas / FO / Bin Qasim
Coal
Total 1756

5.INDEPENDENT POWER PROJECTS (THERMAL):

S.# NAME OF PROJECT Capacity (MW) Commissioning Years of

Date Agreement
1 AES Lalpir Ltd 362 6/11/1994 30
2 AES Pak Gen Power Co 365 1/2/1998 30
3 Altern EnergyLtd. 10.5 6/6/2001 30
4 Fauji Kabirwala Power Co 157 21/10/1999 30
5 Gul Ahmed Energy Ltd. 136 3/11/1997 22
6 Habibullah Coastal Power Co. 129 11/9/1999 30
7 Japan power Ltd. 135 14/3/2000 30
8 Kohinoor Energy Ltd. 131 20/6/1997 22
9 Liberty Power Ltd. 235 10/9/2001 25
10 Rouch Power Ltd. 450 11/12/1999 30
11 Saba Power Ltd. 134 31/121999 30
12 Southern Electric Power Co. 117 12/7/1999 30
13 Tapal Energy Ltd. 126 20/6/1997 22
14 Uch Power Limited 586 18/10/2000 30
15 Hub Power Ltd. 1292 31/3/1997 30

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16 Kapco 1466 - -
TOTAL: 5823

6.COAL POWER STATIONS (WAPDA):

S.# Power Installed Capacity Fuel Location Commisioning

Stations (MW) Type
Installed
150 (Present 120)
1 FBC Lakhra coal Distt. Dadu Sindh 1995

Total 120/150 MW

6.1.PROPOSED COAL POWER PROJECTS:

6.1.a.MEDIUM TERM PLAN:

Proposed Capacity
Project Name Location
S# (MW)

1 Thar Coal 1 SINDH 600

2
Extension of SINDH EXT 150
LakhraProject

TOTAL : 750

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6.1.b.LONG TERM PLAN:

Proposed Capacity
Project Name Location
S# (MW)

1 Thar Coal 2&3 SINDH 1200

2 Thar Coal 4&5 SINDH 1200
3 Thar Coal 5&6 SINDH 1200
Total: 3600