International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication ISSN: 2321-8169

Volume: 5 Issue: 3 257 260

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Smart Agriculture Using Internet of Things

Aditi Pardeshi1, Bhagyashri Pawar2, Mr.H.D.Gadade3

1
[email protected],[email protected],[email protected]
1,2,3
Government College Of Engineering, Jalgaon, Maharashtra

Abstract-Agriculture is considered as the basis of life for the human species and it is the main source of food grains and other raw materials. It
plays vital role in the growth of countrys economy and development. It also provides large amount of employment opportunities to the people
.The internet of things (iot), the idea of getting real world objects connected with each other, will change the way users organize, obtain and
consume information radically. Through sensor networks, agriculture can be connected to the iot, which allows us to create connections among
farmers, agronomists and crops regardless of their geographical differences. With the help of this it will provide real time information about the
field that will help farmers to monitor the field and make right decisions accordingly.

Keywords- Soil moisture sensor, humidity sensor, Internet of Things (IoT), Arduino microcontroller, Wi-Fi module, Current Transformer (CT).

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current field condition The main features of this project

I. INTRODUCTION includes soil moisture sensor which will sense the moisture
content of the soil and will start the cooler pump if the
For the development of economic condition of the country, moisture is absent, the humidity sensor will sense the
growth in agricultural sector is necessary . It results in low humidity present in the environment and will on the heater
yielding of crops because many farmers still use the to minimize humidity content, the CT will be used to check
traditional methods of farming. But whenever automation the current load and will cut the power supply if the load is
had been implemented and human beings had been replaced more than the normal load which will prevent the misuse of
by automatic machines, the yield has been increased. Hence electricity. Agriculture has been evolving with new
there is need to implement modern science and technology technology such as the Internet of Things (IoT). We will try
in the agriculture sector for increasing the yield. our best to make sure that our prototype works efficiently
This project signifies the use of sensors which collects and will make full use of embedded system
various types of data from different types of fields and then
sends it to main server using Wireless Fidelity(Wi-Fi). The II. RELATED STUDY
collected data provides the information about different
environmental conditions which in turns helps to monitor The technological development in Wireless Sensor Networks
the system. This project therefore proposes a system which made it easy to use in monitoring, sensing and control the
will be useful in monitoring the field data as well as flow of electricity.[3] After the research in the agricultural
controlling the field operations which provides the field, researchers found that the yield of agriculture is
flexibility to the agronomists. reducing day-by-day. However, use of technology in the
The project aims at making agriculture smart using IoT field of agriculture plays important role in increasing the
technologies. The highlighting features of this project production as well as in decreasing the extra man power
include Wi-Fi based system to perform tasks like; soil efforts. Some of the research attempts are done for
moisture sensing, humidity sensing and current flow improvement of farmers which provides the systems that use
monitoring. Controlling of all these operations will be technologies helpful for increasing the agricultural yield.
through any remote smart device or personal computers The system described details about the real time in field
connected to Wi-Fi module showing connectivity with sensing and control by using appropriate software. The
Hotspot and the operations will be performed by interfacing whole system was developed using two in field sensor
sensors, Wi-Fi and actuators with micro-controller. stations which collects the data and send it to the base station
using Wi-Fi module where necessary action was taken for
This project aims at improving the current agricultural controlling irrigat provides a promising low cost wireless
system. This project shows a prototype which will sense solution as well as remote controlling forprecision irrigation.
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International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication ISSN: 2321-8169
Volume: 5 Issue: 3 257 260
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
[4] Working
In the studies related to wireless sensor network, Soil moisture sensors measure the water present in soil.
researchers measured soil related parameters such as Soil moisture content is determined via its effect on
moisture and humidity. Sensors were placed below the soil dielectric constant by measuring the capacitance between
which communicates with relay nodes by the use of effective two electrodes implanted in the soil. Where soil moisture is
communication protocol providing very low duty cycle and in the form of free water (e.g., in sandy soils), the di-electric
hence increasing the life time of soil monitoring system. The constant is directly proportional to moisture content. The
system was developed using Arduino microcontroller, probe is normally given a frequency increment to permit
sensors, cooler pump, CT and Wi-Fi module while the measurement of the dielectric constant.
transmission was done by checking the status messages.
c. Humidity Sensor (SYHS220)
Humidity sensor is also called as hygrometer it measures
III. PAPER DESCRIPTION relative humidity in the air, it measures both air temperature
A. System Architecture and moisture. The warmer the air is, the more moisture it
a. Block Diagram can hold, so relative humidity changes with fluctuations in
The features of the proposed system are, temperature.
soil moisture sensor The humidity sensor is composed of two metal plates with a
Humidity sensor non-conductive polymer film between them. The film
current transformer collects moisture from the air which causes minute changes
in the voltage between the two plates. The changes in
voltage are converted into digital readings showing the
amount of moisture in the air.
A humidity sensor (or hygrometer) senses the relative
humidity present in the air. It therefore measures both
moisture and air temperature. Relative humidity is the ratio
of actual moisture in the air to the highest amount of
moisture that can be held at that air temperature.

Fig.1 System Architecture

Fig.3 Humidity Sensor

Modules of Block Diagram are explained as follows:

When humidity is present the sensor will turn on the heater
b.Soil moisture sensor
to reduce humidity content. The warmer the air temperature
This sensor is used to test the moisture in soil, when the soil
is, the more moisture it can hold. The sensor is composed of
is dry, the output is at high level, or the output is at low
two metal plates and contains a non-conductive polymer
level. By using this sensor one can automatically water the
film between them.
field. Fig 3 shows soil moisture sensor:
d. Current Transformer
CT core has to be saturated after the limit since the
unnecessary electrical stresses due to system is over current.
It can be avoided from the metering instrument connected to
the secondary of the CT as secondary current does not go
above a specific limit even primary current of the CT
increases to a very high value than its regularratings. So
accuracy within working range is important criteria of a CT
Fig.2Soil moisture sensor used for metering purpose.

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IJRITCC | March 2017, Available @ http://www.ijritcc.org
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International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication ISSN: 2321-8169
Volume: 5 Issue: 3 257 260
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and consumes current up to 250mA. Current consumption is
quite large so it's usually not powered on battery.ESP8266
has 8 pins, 4 in the row of 2. The first pin on the top left is
theGND. The two pins right from the GND are theGPIO 2
and 0. The pin on the top right side is the RX pin and the pin
on lower left is TX. These are the pins forthe
communication. The middle pins on the bottom are CH_PD
(chip power-down) and RST (reset). ESP8266 offers a
complete and self-contained Wi-Fi networking solution and
Fig.4Sketch of Top Core Type CT allows it to either host the application or to offload all the
Wi-Fi networking functions from another application
processor.
e. Theory of Current Transformer or CT When ESP8266 hosts the any application and when it is the
A CT performs same basic working principle of electrical only application processor in the device, then it is able to
power transformer. If an electrical power boot up directly from an external flash. It hasan integrated
transformerprimary current varies with load or secondary cache to improve the performance of the system in such
current. In case of CT, primary current is the system current applications, and to optimize the memory requirements.
and this primary current transforms to the CT secondary,
hence secondary current depends upon primary current of
the current transformer. h. Relay
Relay is an electromagnetic device and it is used to separate
In a power transformer, if load is not given, there will be two circuits electrically and connect them magnetically.
only magnetizing current flows in the primary. The primary These are very useful devices and allow one circuit to switch
of the power transformer recieves current from the source the another one while they are completely isolated. They are
proportional to the load connected with secondary. But in often used to interface an electronic circuit (working at a
case of CT, the primary is connected in the series with low voltage) to an electrical circuit which operates at very
power line. The primary current of the CT, hence does not high voltage. Thus a small sensor circuit can drive, like, a
depend upon whether the load is connected to the secondary fan or electric bulb.
or not or what is the impedance value of load. Relay is one of the most important electromechanical
devices largely used in industrial applications perticularly in
automation. A relay is mostly used for electronic to
electrical interfacing means it is used to switch on or off
electrical circuits which are operating at high AC voltage by
using a low DC control voltage.

Relay circuit
Fig.5Internal structure of CT

f. Microcontroller (Atmega 328)

The ATmega48P/88P/168P/328P is a low-power CMOS 8-
bit microcontroller based on the AVR enhanced RISC
architecture. By executing powerful instructions in a single
clock cycle, the ATmega48P/88P/168P/328P achieves Fig.6. Relay circuit
throughputs approaching 1 MIPS per MHz allowing the
system designed to optimize power consumption versus
processing speed. B. System Overview
The system overview of the proposed smart agriculture
g. Wi-Fi Module (ESP8266) using IoT is shown in Fig 8
ESP8266 Wi-Fi module is Wi-Fi_33 serial transceiver
module, based on ESP8266.It have Small size and low cost
that makes it suitable for sensor nodes. It operates on 3.3V
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IJRITCC | March 2017, Available @ http://www.ijritcc.org
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International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication ISSN: 2321-8169
Volume: 5 Issue: 3 257 260
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Fig.7. System Overview

IV. CONCLUSION
The continuous monitoring of the agriculture is designed
and developed using various microcontrollers by using Wi-
Fi. Hence by incorporating this method, the water and
electricity will be used efficiently. Compared with the
existing method it will give better performance. So we can
avoid the problems in a very efficient and innovative
manner with the help of micro-controller (Arduino) and
various sensors.

V.REFERENCES

[1] S. R. Nandurkar, V. R. Thool, R. C.

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WirelessIrrigationSensor Network and
GPRSIEEETRANSACTIONSModule,ONINSTRUMENT
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[3] Dr. V. VidyaDevi, G. MeenaKu-TimeAutomationari,and
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[4] Y.Kim, R. Evans and W. Iversen, Remot System
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[5] Hayes, J.; Crowley, K.; Diamond, D. Simultaneous web-
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wireless sensor networks Sensors IEEE, October 30-
November 3, 2005, p. 4.

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