Investigation of Different Vehicle Impact on Single Pole Billboard

Latit, L. R.1,a, Abdullah, A.R.A.1, Hamdan, M.A.1, Mat Napi, M.A.H.1, Abd Talib, M.F.1 and
Ahmad, M. S.1
1
Faculty of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia,
86400 Parit Raja, Batu Pahat, Johor.

Email: [email protected]

Keywords: actual billboard, low cost, maximum impact

Abstract
This project is about to design an actual size of billboard. The main idea is to design an actual size
of billboard that can use in long term and also suitable to the company for their advertisement in
low cost. Billboards are one of the most famous outdoor advertising techniques used by marketers
in order to communicate their product/service/message to motorists and pedestrians. However the
problem of the billboard is to fall down when the size, structure is not suitable to build. Many case
are recorded when 100mph and higher wind force push the billboard to fall down. With this
problem, it can cause great disaster to people. Hence, this research was carried out to investigate
the impact force of various kind of vehicles on the single pole billboard. This investigation also
includes the effect of structure load as well as wind influence. Static analyses were utilized to
determine all the mechanical forces and related moments involved. The billboard was design by
inserting suitable material such as steel used to construct and support the frame. The steel frame is
covered with a backing material, known as a facing. So we decide to build billboard with 18m x 6m
for the frame and 20 meter high from the ground. Based on this design and analysis we can find the
acting force on every element and determination of maximum impact that could make the billboard
collapse.

1.0 INTRODUCTION
Billboard is the common term used to describe a type of outdoor advertising found along major
highways. This name is most frequently given to large steel-framed signs, which are mounted on
poles 20-100 ft (6.1-30.5 m) above the ground. Most often, the sign is printed on large poster sheets,
which are affixed to the face of the sign. The term billboard is actually a generic classification,
referring to several types of signs. The most common forms are known as bulletins and poster
panels. Bulletins, the largest sign style, may be as large as 20 x 60 ft (6.1 x 18.3 m) and are found
in high-density traffic locations. They are placed in high-density urban neighbourhoods and
suburban shopping malls. The larger bulletin style is the most challenging type to construct. The
effect of wind blow, weight of the structure and variations of vehicle impact have to consider before
it been build. In this paper we will discuss and analyse the problem and how we manage to design
a billboard that can tackle or withstand all of the external forces.

2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW

An outdoor advertising sign in the form of a billboard consists of at least one display panel and it is
supporting framework. Billboards may be freestanding, mounted to buildings, or attached to other
structures. Billboards vary in display position and size, but the industry standard display faces
include 300 to 1000 square feet. The typical arrangements of display faces include: single face,
back-to-back, or V-build, side-by-side, stacked, and tri-build configurations. Figure 1 show an
example of single face display billboard. Billboards are grouped into 4 structural categories based
 Static Analysis of Single Pole Billboard
Winson, T. K. S.1, Akhiruddin, M.I.1, Brown, J.J.1, Kah Jing, W.1 and Rohaizat, M.I.I.1
1
Faculty of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia,
86400 Parit Raja, Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia.

Email: ***@gmail.com

Keywords: Static Analysis, vectors

Abstract
This project is about building a billboards. Billboards are a form of outdoor communication
medium that is still relevant and effective due to their ability to target wide audience. The main
idea of this project is to design a real size of billboard. Advertisement messages can also be
promoted at public area by using billboard. Somehow, there are many issues need to encounter
during designation of billboard. The billboard will collapse if it is not properly designed as it
will expose to several condition during its functioning life. Static analyses were utilized to
determine all the mechanical forces and related moments involved. The type of forces that take
place are weight force, wind load and vehicle impact. The weight force of the billboard is 6000N
acting towards the ground, the resultant wind force acting on the largest billboards surface is
7938N.After collecting the data by statics equations, the deformation of billboard under
external forces can be determined. When exposed to wind load, the billboard experiences a
maximum deformation of 0.002m.The billboard also having a maximum deformation of
0.0002m when exerted by vehicle impact force. It will also deforms with a very small
magnitude of 6.09 7 .

1.0 INTRODUCTION
The billboard is a main tool using for advertising purposes. It can be represent as a sign of
advertisement in public area, such as alongside highways or on the side of buildings. It is used
to convey messages to public. In the 1970s and 1980s, more and more advertisers start to
conduct advertisement by using billboard as their main choice. A billboard usually consists of
two main components, which are support and panel. The support, as its name, built to support
the billboard structure. A strong support is very important to the designation of billboard as it
prevents the billboard structure from collapse when the billboard is exposed to external forces
under different condition. Panel, the second component of billboard, played its rule to convey
advertising message to public. It usually in a design of large poster with attractive content, in
order to convey advertising message perfectly. A good billboard will have a strong structure
and high visibility.

However, there are some problems meet during designation of billboard. In construction field,
a billboard will collapse if the deformations of billboard due to external forces are miscalculated
and wrong materials are selected in billboard construction. Therefore, investigation of the force
system acting in billboard structure is very important in designation of billboard. In this project,
we are going to design a real size of billboard. Therefore, to ensure the billboard is perfectly
functioning under several condition, we are interest In analyzing the force system on the
billboard structure and predict the deformations of billboard due to external forces. Suitable
materials can be selected after the force system is completely determined. With all these step,
we can believe that the billboard designed will have a strong ability to work under several
conditions.
 Effect of Forces and Endurance of the Billboard Using Statics
Analysis
Zaharudin, A. H.1,a, Lee, Z.H.1, Desa, M.A.A.1, Che Wahab, N.H.1, Ramli, N.1 and Mohd Zaki,
N.E.A.1
1
Faculty of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia,
86400 Parit Raja, Batu Pahat, Johor.

Email: ***@gmail.com

Keywords: Static analysis, vectors, moment

Abstract
This project is about building a billboard that can be used for advertising purpose alongside the
road. The main idea of this design is to build a billboard that have high strength against wind
and forces applied on it. It also can be used for a longer period and relatively safe. Billboards
is a form of outdoor communication medium that is still relevant and effective due to their
ability to target a wide audience. In this project analysis strength of the billboard have been
made. Rough sketch of billboard is made. Simulation of by using ANSYS analysis and Solid
Work analysis are used to determine the forces acted on the billboard and it is compared with
the theoretical calculation. From the predicted force results shown that the billboard is not stable
due its design. Thus the improvement of the billboard design is suggested to make it suitable
and safe.

2.0 INTRODUCTION
Billboard is a large outdoor advertising structure which basically located in high traffic areas
such as alongside busy roads. Billboard present large advertisement to the pedestrian. Typically
showing large, ostensibly witty slogans, and distinctive visuals, billboards are highly visible in
the top designated market areas. The oldest billboard was known located at the city of Thebes
which offers a runaway slave. Prior to the late 1700s, the predecessor to the modern day
billboard billposting was prevalent throughout Europe, but only as an informal source of
information. It wasn't until the invention of lithography in the late eighteenth century that
billboards as a medium expanded into an art form. The first art poster was created in 1871 by
Englishman Frederick Walker, who was commissioned to create the playbill for the play "Lady
in White" in London. By the early 1900s, schools for poster art were being formed and artists
like Talouse Lautrec were making names for themselves. The main objective in this project is
to build a billboard which could withstand maximum load and maximum force applied on the
billboard by using statics of equilibrium technique. In order to achieve the objective from
hypothesis, we need to consider curtain external force such as wind, momentum collision, and
impact. Furthermore, the physical condition most likely has little effect on the income stream
however its not be particularly important due to effective of the material. Hence, choosing a
suitable materials which has high resistance to the weather and other possible problems by
determining the tensile strength of each materials. The billboard consist of three main
components; steels are used to construct and support the frame, artwork that conveys the
advertising message, and electrical equipment for lighting and other special effects. Rectangular
shape of billboard are chosen with area of measurement of one billboard is 27.5 2 . The area
is wide enough to display the advertisement clearly to the pedestrian. The moment and reaction
forces at each pillar is been analyse to prevent it from collapsing and afford to support the
burden. Solid work and ANSYS software are used to analyse the moment and force applied on
the billboard by analysing the change in colour and calculation made from the results.
 Static Analysis on Triangular Riveted Panel Billboard
Sundararaju, S.1,a, Sirajuddin, A.A.S.2, Shaari, A.M.3, Abas, A.F.4, Ishak,A.5 and Anuar, F.A.6
1
Faculty of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia,
86400 Parit Raja, Batu Pahat, Johor.

Email: [email protected]

Keywords: Triangular billboard, resultant force, moment

Abstract
This project is about building a stable and attractive billboard so that people can see the
advertisement clearly. The main idea of this design is to build a billboard which is stable and
can withstand the force by the strong wind. It is also build to promote, remind and share an up
to date information to people. Certain characteristics must be considered before making a
billboard which include the location and geographic surface. A strategic location must be
considered because that is the main purpose of making a billboard. Hence, this research is
conducted to conclude the most suitable materials to make a billboard which can withstand the
force by wind and also external force from vehicle and others factors. The materials used to
made this billboard is steel alloy. The main reason we choose steel alloy as the materials is
because they are stronger than other metals. Other reasons are because it is less brittle because
the particles are not arranged in neat rows, as in pure metal. The billboard has 3 sides which
cover all the surface of the billboard in a triangle shape which attached to a pole in the centre.
The support system applied to the billboard is a fixed support system. The study results can be
seen in the analysis conducted. The study focus on the stress, displacement, strain and safety
factor act on the billboard. This study will ensured whether the designed billboard are qualified.
Our conclusion for this study is we can applied our knowledge on the static structure in this
case a billboard. A few factors must be considered before a constructions or building to be
constructed.

3.0 INTRODUCTION
A billboard is a large outdoor advertising structure typically found in high-traffic areas such as
alongside busy roads. Billboard present large advertisements to passing people and drivers.
Billboard comes in many sizes and design. Before making a billboard, there are many factors
to be considered. The type of advertisement on the billboard are various such as paint, poster
or digital. The common advertisement use are the poster which can last longer in an outdoor
area which most of the billboard are located. Usually, billboard are used in marketing to
promote and inform people about their brand or product. Besides that, it is also used to aware
people in many areas of which include promote sports, festivals, warnings and many more. The
main objectives of this project is to design a stable and strong billboard. Furthermore, we will
be able to apply both moment and reduction of distributed loading from the design of the
billboard. On the other hand, we would also be determining the strength of the billboard and
not to forget considering all factors to build a billboard