Epcos Magnetic Design Tool: SER Anual

USER MANUAL
APPLICATION NAME
EPCOS MAGNETIC DESIGN TOOL
LAST APPLICATION VERSION 5.1.0.

PROGRAMMED BY JI VRDIL
AUTHOR OF USER MANUAL JI VRDIL
DATE OF ISSUE 9/24/2012
UPDATING DATE 9/24/2012
Contact:
[email protected]
EPCOS AG. Reproduction, publication and dissemination of this publication, enclosures hereto and the
information contained therein without EPCOS' prior express consent is prohibited
CONTENTS
1. Introduction .....................................................................................................................4
1.1. Fundamentals ..........................................................................................................4
1.2. Subprograms............................................................................................................4
1.2.1. Material Form ....................................................................................................4
1.2.2. Core Form..........................................................................................................4
1.2.3. Graph Control....................................................................................................4
1.2.4. Starting the Program ........................................................................................5
1.2.5. Exiting the Program..........................................................................................5
2. Fundamentals on Operation.........................................................................................5
2.1. Selection of the Material / Core.............................................................................5
2.2. Data Point Reader...................................................................................................5
2.3. Graph Control ..........................................................................................................5
2.4. Graph Output ...........................................................................................................5
2.5. Input Fields...............................................................................................................5
2.6. Output Fields............................................................................................................5
3. Material Form..................................................................................................................5
3.1. Hysteresis Loop.......................................................................................................5
3.1.1. Procedure ..........................................................................................................6
3.1.2. Zoom Function ..................................................................................................7
3.2. Initial Permeability ...................................................................................................7
3.2.1. Procedure ..........................................................................................................7
3.2.2. Intermediate Values of i.................................................................................8
3.3. Power Loss...............................................................................................................8
3.3.1. Procedure ..........................................................................................................9
3.3.2. Measured values of PL ..................................................................................10
3.3.3. Steinmetz coefficients ....................................................................................10
3.3.4. Amplitude Permeability ..................................................................................12
3.3.5. Procedure ........................................................................................................12
3.3.6. Intermediate values of a..............................................................................13
3.4. Complex Permeability...........................................................................................13
3.4.1. Procedure ........................................................................................................14
3.4.2. Intermediate values of s (f), s (f), p (f), p (f), gp(f), tan/i (f) or
Z_N(f) 15
MAGNETIC DESIGN TOOL PAGE 2 (OF 32)

4. Core Form .....................................................................................................................16
4.1. Effective Permeability ...........................................................................................16
4.1.1. Procedure ........................................................................................................16
4.2. Transferable Power Ptrans .....................................................................................17
4.2.1. Procedure ........................................................................................................17
4.2.2. Further description of the input fields ..........................................................18
4.3. Data Overview .......................................................................................................19
4.3.1. Procedure ........................................................................................................19
4.3.2. Creating custom cores data .........................................................................19
4.3.3. Cores assembling (stacking)........................................................................20
4.4. AL-values................................................................................................................20
4.4.1. Procedure ........................................................................................................21
4.5. DC-Bias...................................................................................................................22
4.5.1. Procedure ........................................................................................................22
4.5.2. Underlying Formulae 1) :...............................................................................23
4.6. Third Harmonic Distortion ....................................................................................23
4.6.1. Procedure ........................................................................................................23
4.6.2. Underlying Formulae:.....................................................................................24
4.7. Wire Design............................................................................................................25
4.7.1. Procedure ........................................................................................................25
4.7.2. Underlying Formulae:.....................................................................................26
5. Graph Control ...............................................................................................................28
5.1. Introduction.............................................................................................................28
5.2. Graph Layout .........................................................................................................28
5.3. Printing a graph .....................................................................................................29
5.4. Exporting a graph ..................................................................................................29
5.4.1. Exporting of graph as file...............................................................................30
5.4.2. Copying a graph via the clipboard ...............................................................30
5.4.3. Exporting data into external file ....................................................................30
6. Settings..........................................................................................................................31
7. Reference List ..............................................................................................................32

1. Introduction
1.1. Fundamentals
The Magnetic Design Tool provides the convenient access to the material data of the
available TDK ferrite materials and their integration in the process of design in digital form.
The parameters on which the design tool is based, such as hysteresis loop, power loss, initial
permeability, amplitude permeability and complex permeability are formed by the
measurement data of the available TDK ferrite materials. These measurement data can be
represented as a graph and compared to one another.
The graphs created can be printed, or pasted into other Windows applications via the
clipboard. A simple editor lets you take notes relating to the selection process as you are
working with the Magnetic Design Tool.
1.2. Subprograms
1.2.1. Material Form

In dependence of the material selected, this subprogram serves to graphically represent
a hysteresis loop
the initial permeability vs. temperature
the power loss vs. frequency, flux density, temperature and the performance factor
the amplitude permeability vs. flux density or field strength
the complex permeability vs. frequency in serial and parallel representation
1.2.2. Core Form

In dependence of the material and core form selected, this subprogram serves to:
obtain a data overview,
calculate the AL-value in dependence of the air gap (or vice versa)
represent the effective permeability over temperature,
determine the transferable power Ptrans
calculate third harmonic distortion under circuit conditions
calculate the appropriate air gap, Al value and the number of turns for a given
permeability drop p [%] , representing the curve of inductance or permeability vs. DC-
bias
display the ratio of the AC- to DC-resistance vs. frequency.
1.2.3. Graph Control

In the Graph Control window, the representation of the graphs can be defined, the
represented graphs can be printed, and they can be pasted into other Windows applications
via the Clipboard.
This window can be opened from any subprogram supporting graphic representation.

1.2.4. Starting the Program
Start the program by double-clicking on the MDT icon on the desktop.
The program will be started with a blank editor window opened.
1.2.5. Exiting the Program

Select the Exit menu item in the File pull-down menu. The program will be terminated.
2. Fundamentals on Operation
The basic operational procedures and the button assignments for the subprograms Material
Properties and Core Calculations are identical. For this reason, they are described globally in
this context.
2.1. Selection of the Material / Core

Drop-down menus for selecting the desired material and core form. Only those materials and
core forms can be selected for which the desired representation (calculation) is performable.
2.2. Data Point Reader

Position the mouse pointer on a point of a measured curve on the screen and click on it with
the left mouse button. The corresponding measured value will be displayed in the Data Point
Reader window.
2.3. Graph Control

Clicking on these buttons calls the Graph Control window, in which the representation type of
the graphs can be defined, the graphs displayed can be printed, and in which they can be
made available for other Windows applications via the Clipboard.
2.4. Graph Output

The graphs are output in this window area. By selecting multiple materials and/or core forms,
graphs can be superimposed and thus conveniently compared.
2.5. Input Fields

Data for calculations can be entered in fields underlayed in white. The input is confirmed by
pressing the Return key.
2.6. Output Fields

Output fields are underlayed in grey. They merely serve for displaying the results of
calculations or measured values and cannot be modified.
3. Material Form
3.1. Hysteresis Loop

The program can represent the hysteresis loops at the temperatures of T = 25 C and T =
100 C for all available TDK ferrite materials that are included in the data book. For every
point of the graph, a pair of values H, B can be displayed.

3.1.1. Procedure
Click on the Material Form button in the main window. The Material data window will
be opened.
Select Hysteresis.
Select the desired material.
Select the desired temperature.
The hysteresis loop will be displayed.
Fig. 3-1 Hysteresis loop
Move mouse cursor on a point of the graph to view the associated pair of values B and H in
the Data Point Reader. If you want to zoom in the graph, click on the graph by left mouse
button and select area to zoom in. If you want to zoom out the graph to default scale, click on
the graph by left mouse button and move the mouse to the left upper corner of the graph. If
you click on the graph by right mouse button, you can move in current scale of the graph.

3.1.2. Zoom Function
To be able to view the hysteresis loop of the ferrites more closely, the program provides a
zoom function (only valid for power materials in this version).
Zoom in - Click into the area of the graph with the left mouse button.
Zoom out - Click into the area of the graph with the right mouse button.
3.2. Initial Permeability

For all available TDK ferrite materials, the initial permeability as a function of the temperature
T can be displayed. For every point of the graph, a pair of values T, i can be displayed. It is
possible to display multiple curves in one graph. This provides an optimal material
comparison.
3.2.1. Procedure
be opened.
Select i vs. T.
The initial permeability as a function of the temperature will be displayed.

Fig. 3-2 - Initial permeability
Click on measuring points in the curve to view the value i for a specific temperature
in the DataPoint Reader.
3.2.2. Intermediate Values of i

It is also possible to calculate intermediate values of i relating to the measuring points
(linear interpolation).
Enter the temperature T [C] in the input field and click the yellow calculate button.
The value calculated for the selected material will be displayed in the i output field.
3.3. Power Loss

For all available TDK power materials, the power loss per volume and per mass can be
represented as a function of the temperature T, the frequency f and the flux density B. The
number of measurement data available in the program exceeds the number of data specified
in the data book by far. It is possible to display multiple curves in one graph. This provides an
optimum material comparison.

3.3.1. Procedure
be opened.
Select Pv vs. f, B, T.
Define the parameters that are to be presented on the X- and Y-axes.
Select the frequency f, the flux density B or the temperature T (depending on the
setting of the X-axis).
Depending on the setting, the power loss will be displayed as a function of T, f or B.
Fig. 3-3 - Power loss vs. T

Fig. 3-4 - Power loss vs. f
Click on measuring points to view the associated pair of values in the Data Point
Reader.
3.3.2. Measured values of PL

The measured power losses for appropriate combinations of temperature, frequency and flux
density can also be displayed.
Enter the temperature T [C], the frequency f [kHz] and the flux density B [mT] in the
input fields.
The measured values for the selected material will be displayed in the PL output field.
3.3.3. Steinmetz coefficients

You can see Steinmetz coefficients for power materials on the page Steinmetz
coefficients.
The losses PC in W/set in a soft ferrite core may be expressed as

f B
PC = K F * Ve * p v sin * *
f b Bm
Where:
f (kHz) is the actual operating frequency and B (mT) the actual operating peak
sinusoidal flux density at an operating temperature Top (C);
pvsin is the loss density in kW/m3 at temperature Top(C), frequency fb (kHz) and peak
sinusoidal flux density Bm (mT);
Ve (mm3) is the magnetic volume of the core;
is the Steinmetz exponent for frequency and the Steinmetz exponent for flux
density for the ferrite material at Top;
pvsin is measured on standard ring cores;
KF is a multiplication factor for the particular core shape in use;
Fig. 3-5 Steinmetz coefficients
These coefficients you can simply export to MS Excel by clicking on the button Export data
into Excel.

3.3.4. Amplitude Permeability
For all available TDK power materials, the amplitude permeability as a function of the flux
density B or the field strength H can be represented at the temperatures of T = 25 C and T =
100 C. For every point of the graph, a pair of values B, a or H, a can be displayed. It is
possible to display multiple curves in one graph. This provides an optimum material
comparison.
3.3.5. Procedure
be opened.
Select a vs. B.
Select the desired temperature.
Select the measurand (B, H) that is to be represented on the X-axis.
The amplitude permeability as a function of the flux density B or of the field strength H will be
displayed.

Fig. 3-6 - Amplitude permeability
Click on a measuring point in the curve to view the associated pair of values B, a or
H, a in the Data Point Reader.
3.3.6. Intermediate values of a

It is also possible to calculate intermediate values of a relating to the measuring points. The
measurand you can enter depends on the setting for the X-axis.
Enter the desired value in the input field (H or B) and click the yellow calculate
button.
The value calculated for the selected material will be displayed in the a output field.
3.4. Complex Permeability

For all available TDK materials, the complex permeability can be represented as a function of
the frequency. You can select one of seven display types s (f), s (f), p (f), p (f), gp(f),
tan/i(f) or Z_N(f). It is possible to display multiple curves in one graph. The different
parameters provide an optimum material comparison for various applications:
the relative loss factor tan / for filter inductors with high Q
the parallel conductance gp(f), which is directly proportional to the insertion loss, for
broadband transformers
the normalized impedance Z_N(f) for EMI suppressors
The relationship among the different parameters is given as follows:

3.4.1. Procedure
be opened.
Select - vs. f .
Select whether s (f), s (f), p (f), p (f), gp(f), tan /i (f) or Z_N(f) are to be
represented.
The graph will be displayed.

Fig. 3-7 - Complex permeability
Click on measuring points in the curve to view the associated pairs of values in the
Data Point Reader.
3.4.2. Intermediate values of s (f), s (f), p (f), p (f), gp(f),

tan/i (f) or Z_N(f)
Enter the desired frequency in the input field and click the yellow calculate button.
(f), (f) and tan /i will be displayed.

4. Core Form
4.1. Effective Permeability

For all available TDK materials, the core-form-specific e(T) characteristics based on the
i(T) material curve (measured on ring cores) can be calculated. This calculation is
performed according to the well-known equation:
It is possible to display multiple curves in one graph. This provides an optimum comparison
(e.g. change of the air gap).
4.1.1. Procedure
Click on the Core Form button in the main window. The Core data window will be
opened.
Select e vs. T.
Select the desired core.
Specify the core form (optionally: low profile, with hole). Note: Please observe that not
all combinations are valid (e.g. in low profile, only RM cores are available). Values will
not be output if an invalid combination was specified.
Select the type of representation e(T) or (e(T) - e(T1))/(e(T).
Enter the desired air gap in the s field.
The effective permeability as a function of the temperature will be displayed.

Fig. 4-1 - Comparison of the effective permeability using different air gaps.
Click on points in the curve to view the associated pairs of values T, e in the Data
Point Reader.
4.2. Transferable Power Ptrans

For all power materials and most cores, the transferable power Ptrans can be determined.
4.2.1. Procedure
opened.
Select Ptrans.

Correct for the default thermal resistance Rth value (free-air convection), if a better
figure is known for your application.
Enter the desired values in the dTCu, dTFe and f input fields.
Correct for the default copper space factor fCu=0.4 if a better figure is known for your
application.
If a wire calculation on the selected core type has been performed previously, click
the get Rac/Rdc button to consider proximity and skin effects in the Ptrans
calculation.
Select the appropriate converter type in the pull down menu.
Ptrans will be displayed in the output field after pressing the Calculate button.
Fig. 4-2 - Transferable power Trans
4.2.2. Further description of the input fields

fCu: copper space factor
dTCu: copper temperature rise [K]

dTFe: ferrite temperature rise [K]
The transferable power Ptrans of transformers can be calculated by the following
approximation:
The constant C relates to the operation mode which is:

C=1 in push-pull converters
C=0,71 in single-ended converters
C=0,62 in flyback converters 1) .
Further quantities in equation (1) are the switching frequency f, the sweep of flux density B,
the current density S, the winding cross section AN and the effective area Ae.
4.3. Data Overview

For all TDK materials and core shapes, various digital data are represented in the form of a
table.
4.3.1. Procedure
Click on the Core Form button in the main window.
The Core data window will be opened. Select Input data used for calculations.
Fig. 4-3 - Input data used for calculations

Specify the core form (optionally: low profile, with hole). Note: Please note that not all
combinations are valid (e.g. in low profile, only RM cores are available). Values will
Here you have 2 possibilities for selecting core:
1. You can use predefined TDK core from installed MS Access database page
Default data.
2. You can define your own core on page Users data.
4.3.2. Creating custom cores data

Select some core from combo box Core and click on the button Create user data from
selected core - see fig. 4-4.

Fig. 4-4 Creating of users core data
Then you can edit required parameters in Users defined data grid.
4.3.3. Cores assembling (stacking)

If you want to stack cores at each other, you can enter the count of these cores in field
Cores count for assembling. Default value is 1. The count n has following influence on
cores calculation:
1. Result Ae = n * Ae;
2. Result Amin = n * Amin;
Notice: This cores assembling has sense only for cores E, U, U+I, R. Then click on button
Create user data from selected core. These data will be copied into local file and Ae and
Amin will be calculated by above mentioned formulas.
4.4. AL-values
For all available TDK materials, the following calculations can be performed using the
calculator:

Al as a function of the air gap and vice-versa without taking into account the fringe
flux
Al as a function of the air gap and vice-versa using the K-factors (only for EE-, EC-,
ER, ETD-, EFD-, EPF-, and ELP-cores in N27, N67, N87)
The inductance as a function of the Al value and vice-versa
4.4.1. Procedure
opened.
Select AL-value
Fig. 4-5 - AL-value


Enter the values for the calculation in the input fields and click the yellow calculate
button.
The results will be displayed in the associated output fields.
4.5. DC-Bias
For all available TDK power materials and most core shapes, the reversible permeability can
be calculated as a function of the DC-current as well as of the DC-field with a given Al value.
For this purpose, the temperatures T = 25 C and T = 100 C are taken into consideration.
With a given number of turns, the reversible inductance and the magnetic energy can
additionally be calculated.
4.5.1. Procedure
Click on the DC-Bias button in the main window. The DC-Bias window will be opened.
Fig. 4-6 - DC-Bias

Select the desired temperature (T = 25 C or T = 100 C).
Select the measurands that are to be represented on the X- and Y-axes.
Enter the desired values for the unbiased inductance L in [mH], the DC-current Idc in
[A] and the roll-off p in[%] in the corresponding input fields.
Click the yellow calculate button. The calculated values will be displayed in the
output fields and a corresponding plot shown.
If you want to change the Al value and/or number of turns N for new plot data, enter
the new values and press the Return key.
The new resulting unbiased inductance and the graph will be displayed.
4.5.2. Underlying Formulae 1) :
Click on measurement points in the curve to view the associated measured values in
the DataPoint Reader.
4.6. Third Harmonic Distortion

For a given core and a given material, the calculated ratio of the AC-to DC-resistance vs.
Frequency for sinusoidal current waveforms can be displayed.
4.6.1. Procedure
Click on the Harmonic Distortion button in the main window.

Fig. 4-7 - Third harmonic distortion

Select the desired input option: turns ratio/inductance/resistances or AL-
value/number of turns/wire diameter
Enter the desired values in the corresponding input fields. The calculated values will
be displayed in the output fields.
4.6.2. Underlying Formulae:

By using the following equations the third harmonic distortion k3 for the voltage based on
Rayleighs hysteresis model can be calculated. The in-circuit distortion k3c follows form
consideration of the impedance conditions.1) ...

4.7. Wire Design
For a given core and a given material, the calculated ratio of the AC-to DC-resistance vs.
Frequency for sinusoidal current waveforms can be displayed.
4.7.1. Procedure
Click on the Wire Calculation button in the main window.

Fig. 4-8 - Wire design

Select the total number of turns
Select the number of layers
Click the yellow calculate button
The graph will be displayed. If the window fill factor fw surpasses 100% a warning
message will be shown.
4.7.2. Underlying Formulae:

By using the following equations the winding copper losses for sinusoidal current can be
estimated. 1) . x stands for the ratio of the wire diameter to the frequency-dependent
penetration depth, m stands for number of layers.

5. Graph Control
5.1. Introduction
In the Edit Chart form you can print graphs, insert graphs in other Windows applications via
the Clipboard and define the representation of the graph.
Fig. 5-1 Edit chart form
5.2. Graph Layout

In the windows for controlling the graph layout, you can define the appearance of your graph.
Among other things, you can set the background color, select the axis representation and the
desired value range.
Clicking on Close will close the window.

5.3. Printing a graph
Fig. 5-2 Printing of graph
Select printing orientation

Select printer
Click on the Print button.
The graph will be printed on the selected printer.
5.4. Exporting a graph

You can export the current graph as a graphics file or copy it to the Clipboard to make it
available for other Windows applications.

5.4.1. Exporting of graph as file
Fig. 5-3 Graph exporting
Select the desired data format in the Export window area (Metafile or Bitmap).
Specify the target by button Save
Click on the Save button.
The graphics file will be saved.
5.4.2. Copying a graph via the clipboard

Proceed as follows to copy the current graph to the Clipboard to make it available for other
Windows applications:
Select the desired data format in the Export window area (Metafile or Bitmap).
Click on the Copy button. The graphics file will be saved.
Now change to your Windows application (e.g. Word). Position the cursor to the
desired insertion point and select Paste.
The graph will be inserted in your document.
5.4.3. Exporting data into external file

If you want to export data from chart into external file, use following setup (Fig. 5-4):

Fig. 5-4 Data export
If you want to export data into MS Excel, you must click on button Export charts data to
Excel. You can also export these data into formats txt, html and xml. If you ant to export
data from chart to these formats, just click on arrow on button Export charts data to Excel
and you will see following menu as fig.5-4. Then select appropriate format and click on this
item and save data.
6. Settings
If you want to change a font of visual controls, select Settings Options. Following form will
be displayed Fig. 6-1.
Fig. 6-1 Options
Click on button Change and select desired font. The font will be saved on hard disk and this
font will be used during next running of application.

7. Reference List
[1] E. C. Snelling [1988], Soft Ferrites, Butterworths, 2nd Edn.
[2] P. L. Dowell [1966], Effects of eddy currents in transformer windings, Proc. IEE, Vol.
113, No. 8.
[3] B. Carstens [1995], Calculating Skin and proximity effect conductor losses in switch
mode magnetics, PCIM95 seminar notes.
[4] T. Werner, J. Hess [1996], Core loss measurements in high frequency power
materials-measurement methods for the frequency range up to 10 MHz, Proceedings of the
PCIM96, pg. 611-622.
[5] R. Gaus [1911], Die Gleichung der Kurve der reversiblen Suszeptibilitt, Phys. Z. 12,
pp 1053 - 1054
[6] W. Kampczyk, E. R [1978], Ferritkerne, Siemens AG
[7] G. Roespel [1978], Effect of the magnetic material on the shape and dimensions of
transformers and chokes in switched-mode power supplies, Siemens AG Mnchen, J. of
Magn. and Magn. Materials 9, pp 145 - 149
[8] M. Esguerra [1997] , Ferrite Core Design for Broadband Design of Telecom
Transformers, MMPA Users Conference, Chicago.
8] H. Meuche, M. Esguerra [1999] , Ferrite Cores for xDSL: Optimum
SelectionEMCW99, Cincinatti.

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USER MANUAL

EPCOS MAGNETIC DESIGN TOOL

LAST APPLICATION VERSION 5.1.0.

MAGNETIC DESIGN TOOL PAGE 2 (OF 32)

MAGNETIC DESIGN TOOL PAGE 3 (OF 32)

1.2.1. Material Form

1.2.2. Core Form

1.2.3. Graph Control

MAGNETIC DESIGN TOOL PAGE 4 (OF 32)

1.2.5. Exiting the Program

2.1. Selection of the Material / Core

2.2. Data Point Reader

2.3. Graph Control

2.4. Graph Output

2.5. Input Fields

2.6. Output Fields

3.1. Hysteresis Loop

MAGNETIC DESIGN TOOL PAGE 5 (OF 32)

Fig. 3-1 Hysteresis loop

MAGNETIC DESIGN TOOL PAGE 6 (OF 32)

3.2. Initial Permeability

MAGNETIC DESIGN TOOL PAGE 7 (OF 32)

3.2.2. Intermediate Values of i

3.3. Power Loss

MAGNETIC DESIGN TOOL PAGE 8 (OF 32)

Fig. 3-3 - Power loss vs. T

MAGNETIC DESIGN TOOL PAGE 9 (OF 32)

3.3.2. Measured values of PL

3.3.3. Steinmetz coefficients

MAGNETIC DESIGN TOOL PAGE 10 (OF 32)

Fig. 3-5 Steinmetz coefficients

MAGNETIC DESIGN TOOL PAGE 11 (OF 32)

MAGNETIC DESIGN TOOL PAGE 12 (OF 32)

3.3.6. Intermediate values of a

3.4. Complex Permeability

MAGNETIC DESIGN TOOL PAGE 13 (OF 32)

MAGNETIC DESIGN TOOL PAGE 14 (OF 32)

3.4.2. Intermediate values of s (f), s (f), p (f), p (f), gp(f),

MAGNETIC DESIGN TOOL PAGE 15 (OF 32)

4.1. Effective Permeability

MAGNETIC DESIGN TOOL PAGE 16 (OF 32)

4.2. Transferable Power Ptrans

MAGNETIC DESIGN TOOL PAGE 17 (OF 32)

Fig. 4-2 - Transferable power Trans

4.2.2. Further description of the input fields

MAGNETIC DESIGN TOOL PAGE 18 (OF 32)

The constant C relates to the operation mode which is:

4.3. Data Overview

Fig. 4-3 - Input data used for calculations

Select the desired core.

4.3.2. Creating custom cores data

MAGNETIC DESIGN TOOL PAGE 19 (OF 32)

4.3.3. Cores assembling (stacking)

MAGNETIC DESIGN TOOL PAGE 20 (OF 32)

Fig. 4-5 - AL-value

Select the desired core.

MAGNETIC DESIGN TOOL PAGE 21 (OF 32)

Fig. 4-6 - DC-Bias