Task 1 : Mathematics in My Life

I. GENERAL KNOWLEDGE
In mathematics, a conjecture is a conclusion or proposition based on incomplete
information, for which no proof has been found.[1][2] The Latin roots of "conjecture" translate to
"throw together".For example, we are throwing together many observations into one idea. A
conjecture can be thought of as the mathematicians way of saying that they believe on this is
true, but no proof yet. Once someone proves a conjecture, it is called a theorem.

A conjecture is a good guess or an idea about a pattern. For example, make a conjecture
about the next number in the pattern 2;6;11;17;... The terms increase by 4, then 5, and then 6.
Conjecture: the next term will increase by 7, so it will be 17+7=24.

An axiom is a proposition regarded as self-evidently true without proof. The word

"axiom" is a slightly archaic synonym for postulate. Mathematicians assume that axioms are true
without being able to prove them. However this is not as problematic as it may seem, because
axioms are either definitions or clearly obvious, and there are only very few axioms.

Imagine that we place several points on the circumference of a circle and connect every
point with each other. This divides the circle into many different regions, and we can count the
number of regions in each case. The diagrams below show how many regions there are for
several different numbers of points on the circumference. We have to make sure that only two
lines meet at every intersection inside the circle, not three or more.

1 region 2 regions 4 regions 8 regions 16 regions

We can immediately see a pattern; the number of regions is always twice the previous
one, so that we get the sequence 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, This means that with 6 points on the
circumference there would be 32 regions, and with 7 points there would be 64 regions.
We might decide that we are happy with this result. The number of regions is always twice the
previous one ,after all this worked for the first five cases, or we might decide that we should
check a few more, just to be safe:

31 regions, not 32 57 regions, not 64

 Unfortunately something went wrong: 31 might look like a counting mistake, but 57 is
much less than 64. The sequence continues 99, 163, 256 very different from what we would
get when doubling the previous number. This example illustrates why, in mathematics, you cant
just say that an observation is always true just because it works in a few cases you have tested.

Task 2 : Algebra oh Algebra

1. Based on my friends work, I did not agree with his work. Clearly, we can see that by
using algebra against itself, my friend have just proven that algebra to be unreliable,
because it can give us nonsensical results. This is because at the beginning of his
algebraic expression (Step 1), he stated that a = b, that means when I change the form to
this, a b = 0, and we cant divide by zero (a b). Another simple example to illustrate
this mathematical sophism is when 5(0)=3(0). But if you take out 0 then it does 5=3 ? Is
this right? Absolutely no.

II. Play the games and write your own observation and suggestions

These games improve our mathemathics skills. This help us to calculate without using
calculator. This also helps us to fasten our mind calculation. This helps us to reduce mistakes in
calculations.

Task 3 : Algebra with other mathematics components.

a)
Question 1

f(x) = - (x + 2)2 + 8

The function have maximum value as the value of a is -1.

Maximum value
x+2=0
x = - 2 and y = 8
Thus, the coordinate is (-2 ,8)

Question 2

kx+5

When = 0

3kx +5=0
5
x= 3

Based on the question, the maximum coordinate is (-2,8)

 5
3

5
k=6

Similarity Between Question1 and Question2

b)
METHOD 1

y = -3x2 12x + 7

Completing the square the above equation of curve

-3(x + 2)2 + 19

From the equation above, the value of x is -2,

Since k = x, thus the value of k = -2
METHOD 2

Differentiate y = -3x2 12x + 7

=-6x 12

=0

-6x-12=0
x = -2

Since k = x, thus the value of k = -2

METHOD 3

y = -3x2 12x + 7

b2
y=c- 4

a = -3 b = -12 c = 7

(12)2
y= 7- 4(3)
y=19
Substitute y = 19
3 2 12x + 7 = 19
32 12 12 = 0
2 + 4x + 4 = 0
(x + 2) (x + 2) = 0
x = -2
Since k = x, thus the value of k = -2
METHOD 4

By plotting graph of y = -3x2 12x + 7

X -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1
Y -8 7 16 19 16 7 -8
Task 4 : SPM Challenge

1.f(w) = 3 2 13w + 12

a) Two Distinct Root

2 4 > 0
(13)2 4(3)(12) = 25
3 2 13 + 12 = 0
(w 3)(3w 4) = 0
w = 3 or 3w 4 = 0
4
w=3
4
Two roots, 3 and 3

b) Shape of the graph is minimum graph

c) Completing the square

13
=3[ 2 ]+12
3

13 13 13
=3[ 2 + ( 6 )2 ( 6 )2 ] + 12
3

13 2 169
=3[( ) ] + 12
6 36

13 2 169
=3( ) + 12
6 12

13 2 25
=3( ) 12
6

13 25
Maximum point of the graph = ( 6 , 5 )
d) When x = 0, y= 12

12

4
3
3
13 21
( 6 , 12)

2. y = -(x k)2 -2 , (2, -3)

a) Substitute the coordinates in the equation

3 = (2 )2 2
2 4 + 3 = 0
(k 1)(k 3)
k = 1 or k = 3
k is the maximum point of the graph. Based on the graph, the value of k should be less
than 2. Thus the value of k is 1

b) Equation of axis of symmetry

x=1

c) Coordinates of maximum point

(1, -2)

3. y = 3x2 + x 4

a) = 6 + 1

When x=1
6(1)+1=7

b) y = 3 2 + x 4
1
=3 ( 2 + 3 x) 4
1 1 2 1 2
=3 [ 2 + 3 x + (6) (6) ] 4
1 2 49
=3 ( + 6) 12

1 49
Minimum point, ( 6 , 12)
4.
X -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1
Y 9 12 13 12 9 4 -3

c) Based on the graph, the x-intercept is 0.6

5. f(x) = 2 -4kx + 5 2 +1 Minimum point (2k, 2 + 2k)

a) Based on the question, it is stated that the graph has minimum value with the value of a is
positive number, thus the shape of graph is

b) By completing the square the equation,

(x 2k)2 + 2 + 1

The minimum point is (2k , 2 + 1)

Based on the question the minimum point is (2k, 2 + 2k)

Thus, 2 + 1 = 2 + 2k
2 2k + 1 = 2
( 1)2 = 2

Hence, r = k 1

c) 2 1 = 2k ------------- 1
r = k -1 -----------------2

Substitute 2 into 1
(k 1)2 1 2k = 0
2 2k + 1 1 2k = 0
2 4k = 0
k(k 4) = 0
k = 0 or k =4
When k = 0, When k = 4
r=01 r=4-1
r = -1 r=3

Based on x = r2 1
2 1 = 2k
by substituting each values of k and r, the correct value are k = 4, r = 3
6. f(x) = (x 3)2 + 3m 3

a) x = 3

b) 2m = 3m 3
3m 2m = 3
m=3

Task 5 : Flash Floods

Part 1 :

a)
x 0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25
.( 0.3)2 0.09 0.06 0.04 0.02 0.01 0.00
y -0.00 -0.25 -0.45 -0.60 -0.71 -0.78
Based on the equation
Y = mX + c
y = k(x 3)2 +h

where k = m (gradient) and h = y- intercept

=

0.8
=
0.09

m=8.88

Thus the value of k is 8.89 and h = -0.8

c) Based on the answer in (a), the equation of curve is y = 8.88(x 0.3)2 0.8

x -0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8

y 1.42 -0.0008 -0.7112 -0.7112 -0.0008 1.42
Based on the graph, the minimum value is (0.3, -0.8)

c) METHOD 1
Completing the square formula
y = a(x p) + q
Where Minimum point is (p, q)

Based on the equation obtained, y = 8.88(x 0.3)2 0.8

Thus minimum value is -0.8

METHOD 2
Differentiate y = 8.89(x 0.3)2 0.8

Expand the equation

y = 8.89( x 2 0.6x + 0.09) 0.8
y = 8.89 x 2 5.33x

= 17.76 5.328

=0

17.76x-5.328=0

5.328
17.76

=0.3

When x = 0.3
y = 8.89(0.32) 5.33(0.3)
y = -0.8

Thus minimum value is -0.8

METHOD 3

y = 8.89x 5.33x

Y min=

a = 8.89 b = -5.33 c = 0

Thus minimum value is -0.8

METHOD 4

Part 2 : Further Exploration

a) Possible minimum/maximum points

(0.6, 0.8) , (0.6, -0.8), (-0.6 , 0.8) , (-0.6, -0.8)

Quadratic function can be formed by substituting the min/maximum points into the
formula a(x + p)2 + q

1. y = (x + 0.6)2 + 0.8
y = x2 + 1.2x + 1.16

2. y = (x + 0.6)2 - 0.8
y = x2+ 1.2x 0.44

3. y = (x - 0.6)2 + 0.8
y = x2 -1.2x + 1.16