Introductinon: 1.1. Elements of A Communication System
Introductinon: 1.1. Elements of A Communication System
INTRODUCTINON
Communication involves the transfer of information from one point to another. A
communication system conveys information signals from its source to some distance away.
Communication engineering involves the transfer of information such as voice, music, data,
videos or graphics, between people or machines at different locations
Transmitter: converts message signal in to a form suitable for transmission through the
channel.
The transmitter performs of matching the message signal to the channel through a
process called modulation.
Modulation involves the use of the information signal to systematically vary either the
amplitude, frequency or phase of a sinusoidal carrier.
In a communication system design, usually two primary resources are employed: Transmitter
power and Bandwidth.
Bandwidth: is the band of frequencies allocated for transmission of the message signal.
Microwave GHz
Analog communication system: signals can assume any value in a continuous range of
values at any point in time t.
Digital communication system: can assume only finite discrete values
(a) (b)
Figure 2 (a) Analog signal (b) Digital signal
One way (simplex) communication system: links that allow communication in only one
direction. e.g. Radio, TV
Two way (duplex) communication system: Links can be used in both directions at the
same time. e.g. Telephone
Half-duplex links: links that can be used in either direction, but only one way at a time.
e.g. Police radio