Examples Chapter 3, W Kuntjoro 1

Example - Bar
Observe the structure as shown in the figure. The applied force at node 2 and node 3
is 10000 lb at each node. It is required to obtain the node displacements and element
internal forces.

1 1 2 2 3 3 4

10000 lb 10000 lb

50 in 50 in 50 in

Fig. A three bar-elements structure.

A = 1 in2 , and E = 30E6 psi, for all members

For each element,

AE/L = (1)(30E6)/50 = 600,000 lb/in

Element-1:

f1 x 1 1 d1x
600,000
f2x 1 1 d 2 x

Element-2:

f 2x 1 1 d 2 x
600,000
f 3x 1 1 d 3 x

Element-3:

f 3x 1 1 d 3 x
600,000
f 4x 1 1 d 4 x

Using the same assembly procedure as for the spring, the structural equation is
obtained:
Examples Chapter 3, W Kuntjoro 2

F1x 1 1 0 0 d 1x
F 1 2 1 0 d
2x 2x
600,000
F3 x 0 1 2 1 d 3 x

F4 x
0 0 1 1 d 4 x

Applying the boundary condition, d1x=d4x=0, yields,

F2 x 10000 2 1 d 2 x
600,000
F3 x 10000 1 2 d 3 x

and also can be written as follow,

1.2 E 6d 2 x 0.6 E 6d 3 x F2 x 10000

0.6 E 6d 2 x 1.2 E 6d 3 x F3 x 10000

The solution for the simultaneous equations is,

d2x = -0.0055 in d3x = 0.0055 in

The reaction forces at the supports (node 1 and node 4), can be found as follow,

F1 x 600,000 d 1x d 2 x 0d 3 x 0d 4 x
F1 x 3333.3 lb

F4 x 600,000 0d 1x 0d 2 x d 3 x d 4 x
F4 x 3333.3 lb

Internal force of the element 1:

f1x 1 1 d1x
600,000
f2x 1 1 d 2 x

f 1 1 0 3333.3
1x 600,000
f2x 1 1 0.0055 3333.3

1 1 2
3333.3 lb 3333.3 lb

Internal force of the element 2:

Examples Chapter 3, W Kuntjoro 3

f 2x 1 1 d 2 x
600,000
f 3x 1 1 d 3 x

f 1 1 0.0055 6666.6
2 x 600,000
f 3x 1 1 0.0055 6666.6

2 2 3
6666.6 lb 6666.6 lb

Internal force of the element 3:

f 3x 1 1 d 3 x
600,000
f 4x 1 1 d 4 x

f 1 1 0.0055 3333.3
3 x 600,000
f 4x 1 1 0 3333.3

3 3 4
3333.3 lb 3333.3 lb

Example - Truss
Examples Chapter 3, W Kuntjoro 4

Obtain the node displacements, reaction forces, and the element internal forces, of the
two-bar truss structure loaded as shown in the figure.
For each member:
A = 1 in2 E = 30E6 psi

F = 10000 lb

y 3

x 1 2 152 in

1 2

152 in 152 in

Fig. A two-bar truss structure

The length of member 1 and member 2,

L1 L2
15 2

2

15 2 2

30 in

Hence, for each member: AE/L = (1)(30E6)/30 = 1E6 lb/in

Element-1:
x
3

1 sin (450) = 0.7071

cos (450) = 0.7071
= 450
1 x

The element equation,

f1x 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 d1x

f 0.5
1y 0.5 0.5 0.5 d1 y
1E 6
f 3x 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 d 3 x

f3y 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 d 3 y

Examples Chapter 3, W Kuntjoro 5

Expanding the element stiffness into 6 x 6 matrix, the element equation becomes,

f1x 0.5 0.5 0 0 0.5 0.5 d1x

f 0.5
1y 0.5 0 0 0.5 0.5 d1 y

f2x
0 0 0 0 0 0 d 2 x

1E 6
f2y 0 0 0 0 0 0 d 2 y
f3x 0.5 0.5 0 0 0.5 0.5 d 3 x


f3y
0.5 0.5 0 0 0.5 0.5
d 3 y

Element-2:

2 sin (450) = 0.7071

cos (450) = - 0.7071
= 1350
2 x

The element equation,

f 2x 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 d 2 x

f 0.5 0.5
2y 0.5 0.5 d 2 y

1E 6
f 3x 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 d 3 x

f3y 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 d 3 y

Expanding the element stiffness into 6 x 6 matrix, the element equation becomes,

f1x 0 0 0 0 0 0 d1 x
f 0 0.
1y 0 0 0 0 d1 y
f2x
0 0 0 .5 0 .5 0 .5 0 .5 d 2 x

1E 6
f2y 0 0 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 d 2 y
f3x 0 0 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 d 3 x

f
3 y
0 0 0 . 5 0 . 5 0 . 5 0 . 5
d 3 y

Assembly of the element 1 and the element 2 yields the structural equation as follow,
Examples Chapter 3, W Kuntjoro 6

F1x 0.5 0.5 0 0 0.5 0.5 d1x

F 0.5
1y 0.5 0 0 0.5 0.5 d1 y

F2 x
0 0 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 d 2 x

1E 6
F2 y 0 0 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 d 2 y
F3 x 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 1 0 d 3x


F3 y
0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0 1 d 3 y

Introducing the boundary conditions, d1x=d1y=d2x=d2y=0, the structural equation

becomes,

F3 x 0 1E 6 0 d 3 x

F3 y 10000 0 1E 6 d 3 y

which also can be written as,

F3 x E 6(d 3 x ) 0
F3 y E 6( d 3 y ) 10000

The solution for the above equations are,

d3x = 0 d3y = 0.01 in

Substituting the displacement values to the structural equation, gives the reaction
forces,

F1x = -5000 lb F1y = -5000 lb F2x = 5000 lb F2y = -5000 lb

The internal forces of the element can be obtained by substituting the displacement
values to the element equations.

Internal forces of the element 1:

f1x 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0 5000

f 0.5
1y 0.5 0.5 0.5
0 5000

1E 6 lb
f 3x 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0 5000

f3y 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.01

5000

The internals force of the element 1 can be illustrated as follow,

Examples Chapter 3, W Kuntjoro 7

5000 lb f1

2 5000 lb

5000 lb
1

f1
5000 lb

Fig. Internal forces of the element 1.

The internal forces of the element 1,

f1 5000 2
5000
2
7071 lb
Internal force of the element 2:

f 2x 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0 5000

f 0.5 0.5
2y 0.5 0.5
0 5000

1E 6 lb
f 3x 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0 5000

f3y 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.01

5000

f2 5000 lb

5000 lb 3

2 5000 lb

5000 lb f2

Fig. Internal forces of the element 2.

The internal force of the element 2,

Examples Chapter 3, W Kuntjoro 8

f2 5000 2
5000
2
7071 lb