TMT4145 Ceramics

Engineering

Professor Mari-Ann Einarsrud

Department of Materials Science and Engineering
Chemistry Building II

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 Aim of course

• What is a ceramic material?

• What kind of properties?
• What kind of applications?
• How do we make ceramic
materials?
• How do we design with
ceramics?
• Build up own database of
properties.
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 What is a ceramic material?

• Traditional ceramics
– Clay based products

• Structural ceramics
– Used for their mechanical properties

• Functional ceramics
– Used for other properties than mechanical strength, i.e.
electrical, optical, magnetic properties

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 What is a ceramic material?

• Glass

• Porselen (China)

• Glass ceramics

• Polycrystalline inorganic
materials

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 Types of ceramic materials

• Glass
– Amorphous, non-crystalline

• Porselen (China)
– Large crystals in glass matrix
– Heterogeneous microstructure

• Glass ceramics
– Small crystalline precipiates in glass
matrix

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 Types of ceramic materials
• Polycrystalline ceramics, ex.
– Alumina
– Barum titanate
– Silicon carbide

• What will determine the

properties:
– Chemical composition
– Microstructure/Nanostructure
– Defect structure

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 Polycrystalline ceramics

Structural
Functional

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 Properties and applications -
Structural ceramics
• High hardness • Cutting tools
• High strength • Abrasives
• Brittle • Part subjected to abrasion
• Temperature durable
• Chemically stable
ceramics
• Refractory

Alumina Al2O3
Zirconia ZrO2
Silicon carbide SiC
Silicon nitride Si3N4
SiAlON

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 Properties and applications -
Structural ceramics, SiC
• High strength
• Ideally: Theoretical strength
• Really: Fracture strength much lower
due to defects/microstructure

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 Applications of structural ceramics

• Cutting tools
• Abrasives
• Part subjected to abrasion
• Temperature durable ceramics
• Materials for metallurgical
industry

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 Applications of structural ceramics, ex.
Car parts

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 How to make the ceramics less brittle?
• Introduce mechanisms absorbing energy
during crack propagation
– Grain pullout
– Grain bridging
– Domene reorientering

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 Properties and applications –
Functional ceramics
• Properties
– Optical
– Electronic and ion conducting
– Catalytic
– Magnetic
• Applications of functional materials – materials often invisible
for us
– Information and communication technology
– Energy technology
– Process technology - catalysis
– Environmental technology
– Medical technology
– Sensor technology
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 Optical properties

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 Electrical properties

Electrical insulators (Al2O3)

Ferroelectrica (BaTiO3)
Piezoelectrica (PZT)
Semiconductors (GaN)
Electrical conductors (TiO, SnO2)
Ionic conductors (YSZ)
Mixed conductors (LaCoO3)
Superconductors (YBCO)

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 Ex.: Use of ionic conductor
• Solid oxide fuel cell
– Oxygen ion or proton conducting
ceramics
• Conversion of natural gas or
hydrogen to electrical power
e-
– Low emission of CO2 e-

– No emission of NOx

Ni-LaNbO4

La(Sr)MnO3
H+
H2O

LaNbO4
H2 O2

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 Ceramics for catalysis

• Car catalyst
– Cordierite, alumina, zirconia

• Diesel truck filter

– SiC

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 Effect of micro/nanostructure important

How to control
micro/nanostructure?

Determined by the
preparation of the
ceramics

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 How do we make ceramic materials?

Powder

Consolidation

Green body

Heat treatment

Polycrystalline ceramics

1 m
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 Properties Chapter 7,8,9 Processing Chapter 12,13,14+Comp.
Physical Powder processing
Thermal Shaping
Mechanical Densification

Ceramics

Glass/Glass-ceramics Comp.
Design Chapter 17,18,19,20
Design
Failure analysis
Toughening

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 TMT4145 Ceramic Engineering

Teacher: Professor Mari-Ann Einarsrud

Room 116 KII, Phone 73594002
e-mail: [email protected]
Student assistant:
Student Mette Grorud
e-mail: [email protected]
Time: Tuesday 1215-1400/R4 (EU-109 Realfagbygg)
Thursday 1215-1400/R4
Friday 1315-1400/R5 (NEW TIME???)
Examination: December 18, 2009

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 Curriculum

- D. W. Richerson: "Modern Ceramic Engineering", Taylor and

Francis, Third ed, 2006.

Compendium containing:
- J. Zarzycki: "Glasses and the Vitreous State", Cambridge
University Press, 1991.

- I.C. McColm og N.J. Clark: "High-Performance Ceramics",

Blackie and Son, 1988.

- H.M. Jang, "Colloid Interface Science for Ceramic Powder

Processing", in Chemical Processing of Ceramics, B.I. Lee and
E.J.A. Pope, eds., Marcel Dekker, New York, 1994.

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 Course information

13 exercises will be given throughout the semester. At least 7

have to be handed in and approved by the stud. ass.

Mandatory project work which covers most of the curriculum.

Group work.

Portfolio assessment: Final written exam (75%) and project

work (25%).

Information and exercises will be given on It’s learning.

Excursion in October/November.

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 CURRICULUM
1. CERAMICS PROCESSING/MATERIALS PROPERTIES
a) D. W. Richerson: "Modern Ceramic Engineering– Properties, Processing and Use in Design ",
Taylor&Francis, 2006:
Part I
Chap. 7: "Physical and Thermal Behavior", p. 183-209
Chap. 8: "Mechanical Behavior and Measurement", p. 211-242.
Chap. 9. " Time, Temperature, and Environmental Effects on Properties", p. 243-283.
Part II
Chap. 12: "Powder Processing", p. 371-402.
Chap. 13: "Shape-Forming Processes", p. 403-476.
Chap.14: "Densification", p. 477-527.
Part III
Chap. 17: "Design Considerations", p. 573-579.
Chap. 18: "Design Approaches", p. 581-594.
Chap. 19: "Failure Analysis", p. 595-623.
Chap. 20: "Toughening of Ceramics", p. 625-682.

b) I.C. McColm and N.J. Clark: "High-Performance Ceramics", Blackie and Son, 1988:
Chap. 1: "Introduction and Identification of Study Areas: Interface and Defect
Science", p. 30 - p. 36 and p. 50 - p. 51.
Chap. 4: "Processing stage 3 - Transformation to final shape", p. 208 - p. 246.

c) H.M. Jang, "Colloid Interface Science for Ceramic Powder Processing", in Chemical Processing of
Ceramics, B.I. Lee and E.J.A. Pope, eds., Marcel Dekker, New York, 1994. 24 pages.

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 CURRICULUM

2. GLASS AND GLASS CERAMICS

J. Zarzycki: "Glasses and the vitreous state",
Cambridge University Press, 1991:
Chap. 3: "Condition for vitrification - Kinetic
theories", p. 48-64.
Chap. 6: "Phase separation in glasses", p. 148-
160.
Chap. 16: "Glass ceramics", p. 422-431
Chap. 17: "Elements of glass technology", p. 432-
436.

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 WEEK DAY TOPIC TEACHER
____________________________________________________________________

Tuesday Chapter 7 Richerson Einarsrud

34 Thursday Chapter 7 Richerson Einarsrud
Friday Chapter 8 Richerson Einarsrud
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Tuesday Chapter 8 Richerson Einarsrud

35 Thursday Exercise 1 Grorud

Friday Exercise 2 Grorud
_____________________________________________________________________

Tuesday Chapter 8 Richerson Einarsrud

36 Thursday Chapter 9 Richerson Einarsrud

Friday Exercise 3 Grorud

_____________________________________________________________________

Tuesday Chapter 9 Richerson Einarsrud

37 Thursday Chapter 12 Richerson Einarsrud

Friday Chapter 12 Richerson Einarsrud
_____________________________________________________________________

Tuesday Exercise 4 Grorud

38 Thursday Chapter 12 Richerson Einarsrud

Friday Project work 1 Einarsrud/Grorud
_____________________________________________________________________

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