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AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD

ENGINEERING DRAWING AND RELATED DOCUMENTATION PRACTICES

Chassis Frames - Passenger

Car and LightTruck -
Ground Vehicle Practices

ASME Y14.32.1M-1994
(REVISION OF ANSI Y14.32.1-1974)

The American Society of

Mechanical Engineers

345 East 47th Street, New York, N.Y. 10017

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Date of Issuance: January 31, 1995

This Standard will be revised when the Society approves the issuance of a
new edition. There will be no addenda or written interpretations of the re-
quirements of this Standard issued to this edition.

ASME is the registered trademarkof The American Society of Mechanical Engineers.

This code or standard was developed under procedures accredited as meeting the criteria for
American National Standards. The Consensus Committee that approved the code or standard
was balanced to assure that individuals from competent and concerned interests have had an
opportunity t o participate. The proposed code or standard was made available for public review
and comment which provides an opportunity for additional public input from industry, academia,
regulatory agencies, and the public-at-large.
ASME does not "approve," "rate," or "endorse" any item, construction, proprietarydevice, or
activity.
ASME does not take any position with respect t o the validity of any patent rights asserted in
connection with any items mentioned in this document, and does not undertake to insure anyone
utilizing a standard against liability for infringement ofany applicable Letters Patent, nor assume
any such liability. Users of a code or standard are expressly advised that determination of the
validity of any such patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, is entirely theirown
responsibility.
Participation by federal agency representativek) or personk) affiliated with industry is not to
be interpreted as government or industry endorsement of this code or standard.
ASME accepts responsibility for only those interpretations issued in accordance with governing
ASME procedures and policies which preclude the issuance of interpretations by individual vol-
unteers.

No part of this document maybe reproduced in any form,

in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise,
without the prior written permission of the publisher.

Copyright 0 1995 by
THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS
All Rights Reserved
Printed in U.S.A.
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(This Foreword is not part of ASME Y14.32.1M-1994.)

Subcommittee 32 of the ASME Standards Committee Y14, Engineering Drawing and Re-
lated Documentation Practices, was organized in 1968. The work of the Subcommittee re-
sulted in the publication of the predecessor to this Standard, ANSI Y14.32.1-1974. During
the ensuing years, the Y 14 Committee, reacting to the increasing acceptance of the SI metric
system in the United States, began to systematically update its existing standards to accom-
modate metric practices. Since Y 14 drafting practices in most cases are dimensionally insen-
sitive, the majority of the metrication effort involved redrawing examples using metric units.
ANSI Y14.32.1 was withdrawn as an American National Standard in 1987, at which time
work on this Standard began.
The vehicle chassis frame is typically an inseparable assembly of stamped or formed sheet
metal structural members which support and locate the vehicle body, front sheet metal struc-
ture, chassis components (wheel, suspension, engine, steering components, drive line, exhaust
system, bumpers), and miscellaneous equipment. The chassis frame provides accuracy of lo-
cation as well as strength and rigidity of support for these components to assure satisfactory
vehicle performance. Functional criteria and restraints are determined from a number of sup-
port drawings and a design check mock-up. These include a definition of mountings and clear-
ances for all related chassis and underbody components, such as underbody and sheet metal
structure, engine, drive line, exhaust, suspension systems, tires, brake lines, fuel lines, and
bumpers.
In addition to referencing metric (SI) units, this Standard includes the definition of some
key terms which are generally accepted in the industries producing ground vehicles. Refer-
ences are made specifically to automobiles, vans, and trucks where such distinctions are nec-
essary. References to vehicles are inclusive of all types, as the concepts are generic.
References to rear suspensions are more general than in the previous standard. Since 1974,
the number of types of rear suspensions in use has increased beyond the ability of this Standard
to adequately cover all applications.
This Standard has been prepared for application with any system of measurement.
Suggestions for improvement of this Standard will be welcomed. They should be sent to
The American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Secretary, Y 14 Main Committee, 345 East
47th Street, New York, NY 10017.
This Standard was approved as an American National Standard on September 6, 1994.

...
111
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ASME STANDARDS COMMITTEE Y 1 4
Engineering Drawing and Related Documentation Practices

of approval of this Standard.)

(The following is the roster of the Committee at the time

OFFICERS

F. Bakos, Jr., Chairman

A. R. Anderson, Vice Chairman
C. J. Gomez. Secretary

COMMITTEE PERSONNEL
A. R. Anderson, Vice Chairman, Trikon Corp.
F. Bakos, Jr., Chairman, Eastman Kodak Co.
T. D. Benoit, Alternate, Pratt & Whitney CEB
D. E. Bowerman, Copeland Corp.
J. V. Burleigh, The Boeing Co.
R. A. Chadderdon, Southwest Consultants
F. A. Christiana, ASEA Brown Boveri Combustion Engineering Systems
M. E. Curtis, Jr., Rexnord Corp.
R. W. Debolt, Motorola, Government Systems Technology Group
H. L. Dubocq
L. W. Foster, L. W. Foster Associates, Inc.
C. J. Gomez, Secretary, The American Society of Mechanical Engineers
D. Hagler. E-Systems, Inc., Garland Div.
E. L. Kardas, Pratt & Whitney CEB
C. G. Lance, Santa Cruz Technology Center
P. E. McKim, Caterpillar, Inc.
C. D. Merkley, IBM Corp.
E. Niemiec, Westinghouse Electric Corp.
R. J. Polizzi
D. L. Ragon, Deere & Co., John Deere Dubuque Works
R. P. Tremblay, U.S. Department of the Army, ARDEC
R. K. Walker, Westinghouse Marine
G. H. Whitmire, TEC/TREND
K. E. Wiegandt, Sandia National Laboratory
P. Wreede, E-Systems, Inc.

SUBCOMMITTEE 32 - CAR AND LIGHT TRUCK CHASSIS FRAME

DRAWINGS

A. R. Anderson, Chairman, Trikon Corp.

R. E. Coombes, Caterpillar, Inc.
0 . DeSchepper, General Motors Corp.
E. W. Perry, Jr., Dana Parrish Corp.
P. C. Ruehl IV, A. 0.Smith Corp.
D. Seed, Alternate, Dana Parrish Corp.
J. J. Tur, Ford Motor Co.

V
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CONTENTS

...
Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
Standards Committee Roster . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v

1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
2 Drawing Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
3 Drawing Gridsystem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
4 Datum Reference Frame . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
5 Special Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
6 Designation of Passenger Car andVanBody Mount Locations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
7 Designation of Truck BodyandBox Mounts ................................ 4

Figures
1 Datum Reference Frame . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2 Recommended Notation and Dimensioning Technique ........................ 6
3 Front Suspension Mounting Dimensioning ................................. 7
4 Method for Simplified Specification of Frame Camber ........................ 8

vii
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ASME Y14.32.1M-1994

ENGINEERING DRAWING AND RELATED DOCUMENTATION PRACTICES

CHASSISFRAMES - PASSENGER CAR AND LIGHT TRUCK -

GROUND VEHICLE PRACTICES

1 GENERAL 1.6 Definitions

1 .I Scope The following are defined as their use applies in this
Standard.
This Standard establishes minimum requirements for
the preparation of engineering drawings for passenger 1.6.1 Vehicle Mounts (Bodyand Front Sheet
car and light truck chassis frames. Metal). The area where the body and chassis frame con-
This Standard does not apply to heavy truck, trailer, tact. This contact is made through rubber insulators, re-
tractor, and off-the-road vehicle chassis frames. tained with fasteners.

1.2 Units 1.6.2Box Mounts. The location where a truck box

is rigidly mounted to the vehicle frame.
The International System of (Metric) Units (SI) is fea-
tured in this Standard because SI units are expected to 1.6.3Compression (Jounce) Position. The posi-
supersede United States (U.S.) customary units speci- tion of vehicle suspension travel which represents the
fied on engineering drawings. Customary units could allowable compression of the suspension. Generally, the
equallywell have beenused without prejudice to the springs are not fully compressed, but the travel is lim-
principles established. ited by stops or bumpers.

1.6.4Design CheckMock-up. An assembly (usu-

1.3 Notes ally full scale) of components used to verify the design.
Notes herein in capital letters are intended to appear These components may be actual production or repre-
on finished drawings. Notes in lower case letters are ex- sentative parts made of fiberglass, cardboard, plastic, or
planatory only and are not intended to appear on draw- other easily formed materials. This mock-up is used to
ings. check for clearances and interferences and as a visual
aid for the designer when mounting or routing other
components.
1.4 Reference to Gaging
This Standard is not intended as a gaging standard. 1.6.5Design Load. A value assigned to a vehicle
Any reference to gaging is included for explanatory pur- to represent a nominal load.
poses only. 1.6.6Design Position.The position of vehicle sus-
pension travel at which the vehicle is designed. This
1.5 References position represents the design load.
When the following American National Standards re- 1.6.7Front Suspension Arm. Components of the
ferred to in this Standard are superseded by a revision vehicle suspension, mounted between the frame and
approved by the American National Standards Institute, steering knuckle, which allow vertical movement of the
Inc., the revision shall apply. wheel assembly.
ASME Y 14.5M-1994, Dimensioning and Toleranc-
ing 1.6.8Rebound Position. The position of vehicle
ASME Y14.24M-1989, Types and Applications of suspension travel which represents the fully extended
Engineering Drawings travel of the components of the suspension. This travel
Y 14.31M (in preparation), Undimensioned Drawing is usually limited by the full extension of the shock ab-
Practice sorbers, or rebound stops.
1
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CHASSISFRAMES - PASSENGERCAR AND
ASME Y14.32.1 M-1994 LIGHTTRUCK - GROUNDVEHICLEPRACTICES

1.6.9 Steering Knuckle. A component of the ve- sembly and inspection. The drawing shall include suf-
hicle suspension whichacts as apivot for the front wheel ficient information to facilitate subsequent manufactur-
assembly. ing steps anddefine the structure adequately. The
. .
following information is usually included:
1.6.10 Suspension. An assembly of components
(a) material specifications and component identifi-
connecting the wheels to chassis frame, thus positioning
cation
or supporting the frame and body in space. The suspen-
(b) definition of the datum reference frame (see para.
sion is dynamic, attenuating the effect of uneven road
surfaces. 4)
(c) final
assembly welding, riveting, and torque
1.6.1 1 Wheelbase. The distance between the cen- specifications
ter of the front and rear wheels. (d) final assembly dimensions and tolerances
(e) functional checklinspection procedures and tol-
erances
(f) paint andother corrosion protection specifications
2 DRAWING TYPES
The following are the drawing types used to describe 3 DRAWING GRID SYSTEM
a chassis frame. See ASME Y14.24M.
The 100 mm grid line system of referencein all planes
as defined in Y14.31M is used in preparing chassis lay-
2.1 Layout Drawing outs. Chassis layout datum planes are usually coincident
withbody layout datum planes, except for the height
A precision undimensioned or partially dimensioned
reference plane ( Z ) , which may differ in elevation by
design layout is made ona computer or a dimensionally
several millimeters. Ideally, the frame layout datum ref-
stable drafting film. See Y14.31M. Usual practice is to
erence frame is chosen to coincide with the chassis lay-
show the left half of the plan (top) view with the frame
outdatum reference frame. An overriding considera-
centerline across the top of the layout, and the left side
tion, however, is the desirability for locating datum
(elevation) view directly beneath. The layout shall in-
planes to intersect major structural components. Since
clude sufficient vehicle interface reference information
the chassis height reference plane (2)is often 150-250
to adequately define functional fit and clearance require-
mm below the frame, the best choice for a frame layout
ments. All frame components shall be shown onthe lay-
height reference plane (2)location is coincident with
out to completely satisfy all functional requirements.
the chassis layout 150-250 mm plane, whichever inter-
sects the vertical face of the major portion of the frame
2.2 Monodetails side member. Similarly, the zero length reference plane
(X) should be chosen to intersect a portion of the frame
Individual detail drawings are usuallyprepared for
front side member or front engine cross member having
each frame part to accommodate all phases of manufac-
a surface parallel to the width reference plane ( Y ) and
turing. Each part shall be sufficiently defined, function-
near the front suspension mounting area. This is often
ally dimensioned, and toleranced, to permit it to per-
250 mm or more forward of thechassis length reference
form all assembly and functional requirements and meet
plane ( X ) (frontofdash). The interrelationship between
design intent.
chassis and frame reference planes shall be called out
on the frame layout and assembly drawing as reference
2.3 Assembly Drawings information.
Assembly drawings of two or more components are
usually prepared as required by manufacturing, and also
4 DATUM REFERENCE FRAME
to provide for service requirements. Dimensioning shall
be sufficient to assemble and verify the relationship of The datum reference frame is established on frame
parts involved. assemblies through a system of datum features located
in major structural members as close as possible to im-
portant functional features, such as suspension and
2.4 Assembly Drawing (Complete Frame)
steering mountings, to assure good dimensional control
The end product assembly drawing of the complete of these features, in accordance with ASME Y14.5M.
vehicle chassis frame is prepared to facilitate final as- See Fig. 1. Depending on the structural rigidity of the
2
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CHASSISFRAMES - PASSENGER CAR AND
LIGHTTRUCK - GROUNDVEHICLEPRACTICES ASME Y14.32.1M-1994

particular design under consideration, the datum refer- mounts are moved to nominal location in frames without
ence frame is established according to either rigid struc- a rear cross member to establish the rear center plane.
ture or semirigid structure practice, or both. Inrigid
structure practice, height ( Z ) , length ( X ) , and width ( Y )
4.3 Combined Rigid and Semirigid Practice
reference planes are established by datum features Z and
Y. Datum feature Z (holes A , B , and C ) establishes the The vehicle frame is often structurally compliant to
Z plane and hole A also establishes the X plane. Datum the rear of dash compared with the relatively rigid body
feature Y (holes E and F ) establish plane Y . In semirigid structure towhich it is bolted. Consequently, rigid
practice, additional datum features and/or datum target structure practice is specified for application to a limited
areas are employed. number of dimensions for controlling frame distortion
in the free state (unrestrained condition). All other di-
mensions are specified under semirigid practice. Rec-
4.1 Rigid Structure Practice ommended notation and dimensioning technique for
combination of these practices is shown in Fig. 2.
Where frame structures are not designed to be com-
pliant, the following restraints are used.
4.1.1Height Reference Plane (Z). Two holes in 5 SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS
each side member inner rail web, generally cupped for The following are features which require special di-
accuracy when the part is formed, shall be located near mensioning and tolerancing.
the front and rearsuspension mountings as shown in Fig.
1. Plane Z is established by holes A and B in the front,
and hole C in the rear. 5.1 FrontSuspension Mounting
4.1.2Width Reference Plane ( Y ) . Plane Y is es- Dimensional control of the front suspension mounting
tablished by holes E and F on the center plane of the points on the frame assembly is important primarily with
frame and is perpendicular to the height reference plane respect to the following:
( Z ) . The two holes which are datum feature Y should be (a) fit of suspension components on frame
located in the front and rear suspension cross members (6) rotation of these components in space to yield de-
on the frame center plane. See Fig. 1. In some frame sired steering knuckle orientation and location (suspen-
designs, the center plane at the tear is established by sion geometry)
equalizing the side rails in the rear suspension area. Suspension geometry is a function of the dimensional
interrelationship of frame mounting points. Control of
4.1.3Length Reference Plane ( X ) .Plane X is mu- suspension geometry can be achieved effectively by di-
tually perpendicular to planes Y and Z and is established rectly tolerancing the steering knuckle orientation and
by hole A in the left side member or hole E in the front location, tobe measured with functional checking
engine cross member. See Fig. 1. equipment, or equivalent computer system, designed to
simulate the suspension arms and steering knuckle.
Check of the knuckle orientation in three positions of
4.2 Semirigid Structure Practice wheel travel (design, compression, and rebound), and
its coordinate location in space, provides complete con-
Where frame structures are designed to be compliant,
trol of suspension geometry. See Fig. 3. Coordinate di-
additional restraint is recommended relative to the Y and
mensioning of each frame mounting point is therefore
Z planes.
unnecessary except when required by overriding consid-
4.2.1 Height Reference Plane (Z). Hole D in the erations such as mechanical fit of suspension arms.
side member, and frame surfaces VI and V2 around the
5.1.I Functional Checking. For functional check-
body/box mount holes at the rear of the frame, asshown
ing purposes, the steering knuckle is defined as a line
in Fig. 1, are specified to provide vertical restraint in
connecting the upper ball joint center (U) and lower ball
addition to the holes marked A , B , and C used in the
joint center (L) (or equivalent), line U-L in Fig. 3.
rigid structure practice defined in para. 4.1.2.
Camber angle is defined as the inclination of line U-L
4.2.2Width Reference Plane ( V I . Hole G on the in front view, angle A ; and caster angle as the inclina-
frame center plane is specified to provide lateral re- tion of line U-L in side view, angle B . Inboard displace-
straint in addition to the rigid structure practice defined ment of point U relative to point L is positive camber.
in para. 4.1.2. See Fig. 1. The rear side rail body/box Aft displacement of point U relative to point L is posi-
3
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CHASSIS FRAMES - PASSENGER CAR AND
ASME Y14.32.1M-1994 LIGHT TRUCK - GROUND VEHICLE PRACTICES

tive caster. Both camber and caster angles are specified 6.1 Identification andLocation
and toleranced on the product drawing for three posi-
tions of wheel travel - design, compression, and re-
(a) Front sheet metalmount - forward support of
front sheet metal structure assembly
bound. These positions are identified as height settings
(b) #1 body mount - dash or front toe board support
for the functional gage lower ball joint center, point L
(c) #2 body mount - front hinge pillar support
in Fig. 3.
(d) #3 body mount - front seat, center pillar support
(e) #4 body mount - rear seat cushion support
5.2 Rear Suspension Mountings (f)#5 body mount - rear seat back support (top of
frame kickup)
Dimensional control of the rear suspension mounting
(g) #6 body mount - rear wheel house, trunk, fuel
points on the frame assembly is important primarily with
tank support (to the rear of frame kickup)
respect to the fit of the suspension components on the
(h) #7 body mount - extreme rear end of body
frame and the components in space in order to provide
the desired axle and/or wheel assembly location and ori-
entation. Location of the rear suspension mounting 6 . 2 Omission of Body Mounts
points is controlled by functionally tolerancing and gag-
The fact that some of these locations may be omitted
ing the position and orientation of the rear suspension
on a particular vehicle does not affect the identification
components. Recommended practice is to locate all
number selected for a given mount. When more than
functional mounting points and the wheel centers with
one mount is used at one location, letter suffixes are
basic dimensions and appropriate geometric tolerances.
used, such as outboard mount at dash, #1 body mount;
This will control the characteristics of wheelbase, track,
inboard mount at dash, #lA body mount. Right and left
pinion angle, stagger, roll steer, caster, and camber as
mounts carry the same identification at a given location.
required depending on the design of the rear suspension.

5.3 Bending Deflection Compensation

7 DESIGNATION OF TRUCK BODY AND BOX
Chassis component layouts which include frame as-
MOUNTS
semblies are prepared in the design load position. Sus-
pension spring deflections due to the design load are ac- Body-to-frame and box-to-frame mountings are des-
counted for on the layout, but structural members are ignated according to a system relating to their function
treated as rigid, that is, deflection under load is ignored. in supporting portions of the truck body and box.
To avoid needless compensation, frame side rails are
also detailed in the design load position, ignoring struc-
7.1 Identification and Location
tural deflection due to design load. Deflection due to
design load must be considered in the finished frame to (a) Front sheet metalmount - forward support of
avoid problems of suspension geometry and body and front sheet metal structure assembly
sheet metal fits. Compensation is designed into the frame (b) Front cab mount - front cab location
assembly by creating an adjusted or cambered side view (c) Intermediate cab mount - intermediate cab lo-
datum line that deviates from the height reference plane cation for trucks with extended cabs only
( Y ) at one or two break points located at the junction of (d) Rear cab mount - rear cab location
major structural members. Vehicle frames having front (e) Front box mount - front box location
and rear torque boxes, and those having one piece (f)Front intermediate box mount - front interme-
center-to-center side rails can be specified for a single diate box location (optional)
break point. Recommended method for specifying de- (g) Rear intermediate box mount - rear intermediate
flection compensation is shown in Fig. 4. box location (optional)
i (h) Rear box mount - rear box location

6 DESIGNATION OF PASSENGERCAR AND 7.2 Omission of Body and Box Mounts

VAN BODY MOUNT LOCATIONS
The fact that some of these locations may be omitted
Body-to-frame mountings are designated according to on a particular vehicle does not affect the identification
a system relating to their function in supporting portions selected for a given mount. Right and left mounts carry
of the vehicle body. the same identification at a given location.
4

.. ...
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CHASSIS FRAMES - PASSENGER CAR AND
LIGHT TRUCK - GROUND VEHICLE PRACTICES ASME Y14.32.1M-1994

\ \

WIDTH REFERENCE
PLANE (Y)

DATUM TARGETS

PRACTICE
RIGID
SEMIRIGID
PRACTICE
plane Z - holes A, 6 & C plane Z - holes A, B, C & D and Datum TargetsV1 & V2
plane Y - holes E & F plane Y - holes E, F & G
plane X - hole A or E plane X - hole A or E

FIG. 1 DATUM REFERENCE FRAME

5
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CHASSISFRAMES - PASSENGER CAR AND
ASME Y 14.32.1 M-1994 LIGHT TRUCK - GROUNDVEHICLEPRACTICES

+I+ 0 XX.X@ z Y \

PLANE HOLES INDICATED P,R,S & T

WITHIN * X.XX OF
LT SIDE
A. FrameUnrestrained(FreeState) B. FrameRestrained(Clamped)
Plane Z Datum FeatureZ Plane Z Datum FeaturesZ - U - V
Plane Y Datum FeatureY Plane Y Datum Features Y - W
Plane X Datum Feature Z Plane X Datum Feature Z

FIG. 2 RECOMMENDED NOTATION ANDDIMENSIONINGTECHNIQUE

6
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CHASSIS FRAMES - PASSENGER CARAND
LIGHT TRUCK - GROUND VEHICLE PRACTICES ASME Y 14.32.1M-1994

TRUE
VIEW

TRUE
VIEW

FRONT
VIEW

L xx.+ xx
1. Specify basic dimensions of func-
tional aaae
a- .
J
which simulates front suspension
components, lower control arm MLN,'upper
~

control arm VUW and steering knuckle UL. WITH FUNCTIONAL GAGE
AlTACHED TOFRAME AT
2. Specify travel of gage steering knuckle POINTS X, Y, M AND N A N D
point L from Z datum plane for 3 positions HOLDING POINTL AT DESIGN
of design L, compression L, and rebound L. POSITION IN THE Z PLANE,
LOCATION OF POINTL IN THE
3. Dimension and tolerance lead point M X PLANE TO
BE
AS SPECIFIED.
from X, Y and Z datum planes and point
L from X datum plane.

WITH POINT L SET AT 3 POSITION CASTER CAMBER

POSITIONS SHOWN COMPRESSION BI X.X" * 0.X" A' X.X" * 0.X"
CASTERANDCAMBER DESIGN *
8 X.X" 0.X" *
A X.X" 0.X"
ANGLES TO BE: REBOUND B" X.X" f 0.X" A" X.X" f 0.X"

FIG. 3 FRONT SUSPENSION MOUNTING DIMENSIONING

7
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CHASSISFRAMES - PASSENGER CARAND
ASME Y14.32.1M-1994 LIGHT TRUCK - GROUND VEHICLE PRACTICES

THIS ON THE DRAWING

-GAGE LINE
( PLANE X )
<>.(.x*
7---

XX.XX

'CAMBER x0 xx' xx"(xxxxx TAPER PER mm) REF.^^^^

( PLANE Z )
(---A
7---

DIMENSIONS SHOWN THUS ,'

INDICATE CAMBERED POSITION
RELATIVE TO POINT 'PI.

MEANS THIS
gage line - design position

0- gage
cambered
position line - cambered
position
@=design position

\\' Plane Z - camberedposition

START OF CAMBER

Plane Z - designposition

FIG. 4 METHOD FOR SIMPLIFIEDSPECIFICATION OF FRAME CAMBER

8
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RELATED DOCUMENTS

Abbreviations ............................................................................................... Y1.l-1989

American National Standard Drafting Practices
Metric Drawing Sheet Size and Format ................................................................... Y14.1M-1992
LineConventionsandLettering .......................................................................... Y14.2M-1992
MultiviewandSectionalViewDrawings .................................................................. Y14.3M-1994
PictorialDrawing ................................................................................ Y14.4M-l989(R1994)
DimensioningandTolerancing ........................................................................... Y14.5M-1994
Mathematical Definition of Dimensioning and Tolerancing Principles ....................................... Y14.5.1M-1994
ScrewThreads .................................................................................... Y14.6-1978(R1993)
Screw Threads (Metric Supplement) .............................................................. Y14.6aM-l981(R1993)
Gears and Splines
Spur, Helical, and Racks ......................................................................... Y14.7.1-1971(R1993)
Bevel and Hypoid ............................................................................... Y14.7.2-1978(!?1994)
CastingsandForgings .................................................................................. Y14.8M-1989
Springs ........................................................................................ Y14.13M-l981(R1987)
ElectricalandElectronicsDiagrams ................................................................ Y14.15-1966(R1988)
InterconnectionDiagrams ............................................................................... Y14.15a-1971
Informationsheet ....................................................................................... Y14.15b-1973
Fluid Power Diagrams ............................................................................. Y14.17-1966(R1987)
Optical Parts ................................................................................... Y14.18M-l986(R1993)
Types and Applications of Engineering Drawings ......................................................... Y14.24M-1989
Chassis Frames - Passenger Car and Light Truck - Ground Vehicle Practices ............................ Y14.32.1M-1994
Parts Lists, Data Lists, and Index Lists ................................................................... Y 14.34M-1989
Revision of Engineering Drawings and Associated Documents ............................................ Y14.35M-1992
Surface Texture Symbols .......................................................................... Y14.36-1978(R1993)
Digital Representation for Communication of Product Definition Data ........................................ Y14.26M-1987
A Structural Language Format for Basic Shape Description ..................................... Y14 Technical Report 4-1989
Illustrations for Publication and Projection ........................................................... Y15.1M-l979(R1986)
Time Series Charts ................................................................................. Y15.2M-l979(R1986)
Processcharts .................................................................................... Y15.3M-l979(R1986)
Graphic Symbols for:
ElectricalandElectronicsDiagrams ........................................................................ Y32.2-1975
Plumbing ......................................................................................... Y32.4-1977(R1987)
Use on Railroad Maps and Profiles .................................................................. Y32.7-1972(R1987)
Fluid Power Diagrams ............................................................................. Y32.10-1967(R1987)
Process Flow Diagrams in Petroleum and Chemical Industries ........................................ Y32.11-1961(131985)
Mechanical and Acoustical Elements as Used in Schematic Diagrams ................................. Y32.18-1972(R1985)
Pipe Fittings, Valves, and Piping ................................................................... Y32.2.3-1949(R1988)
Heating, Ventilating, and Air Conditioning .......................................................... Y32.2.4-1949(R1984)
Heat Power Apparatus ............................................................................ Y32.2.6-1950(!?1984)
Letter Symbols for:
Glossary of Terms Concerning Letter Symbols ....................................................... Y10.1-1972(R1988)
Mechanics and Time-Related Phenomena ................................................................. Y10.3M-1984
Heat andThermodynamics ......................................................................... Y10.4-1982(R1988)
Quantities Used in Electrical Science and Electrical Engineering .............................................. Y10.5-1968
Acoustics ............................................................................................... Y10.11-1984
ChemicalEngineering ............................................................................. Y10.12-1955(R1988)
Guide for Selecting Greek Letters Used as Letter Symbols for Engineering Mathematics ................ Y10.17-1961(R1988)
IlluminatingEngineering ........................................................................... Y10.18-1967(R1987)

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