Performance Analysis of BPSK and DPSK Systems in The Presence of Nakagami-M
Performance Analysis of BPSK and DPSK Systems in The Presence of Nakagami-M
Performance Analysis of BPSK and DPSK Systems in The Presence of Nakagami-M
cmlo@ieee.org
Abstract : This paper presents closed form expressions to evaluate the average bit error rate (BER) for
coherent binary phase shift keying (BPSK) and differential PSK (DPSK) modulations over slow
Nakagami-m fading channel with noisy phase reference. The performance degradation due to the
noisy phase reference are then investigated with respect to the channel fading parameter m and the
phase error . The phase error is assumed to be uniformly distributed with maximum phase error .
At the average BER of 10-3, results show that the error performance of the BPSK with > 440 is worse
than the DPSK with =0 for m=9, i.e., the advantage of employing the BPSK over the DPSK is
vanished.
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fading channel is given by [15] 1 1
( 1) n sin( 2 n 1)
m
m m 1
m
Pe
2
( 2 n 1) 2
p exp (3) n 0
( m) F1 (m n 1 / 2, n 1 / 2;2n 2; / m)
2
where m is the fading severity parameter with .
2 F1 ( n 1 / 2, m n 1 / 2; m; 1)
values from 0.5 to and is the average SNR
per bit. The notation (m) denotes the gamma (10)
function [14]. The average BER can then be Derivation of the average BER for the DPSK
obtained using (1) to (3) as [13]
The case of the DPSK is now considered. The
Pe P , p p d d
0
e . (4) conditional BER for the DPSK is also an even
function of and given by [2]
1
Pe , exp( cos 2 ( )) . (11)
Since the conditional BER in (1) is an even 2
function of , the average BER in (4) can also be
written as By substituting (3) and (11) into (5), the average
BER for the DPSK in the presence of Nakagami-
1
Pe
P , p dd
e . (5) m fading and phase noise can be written as
1
1m
m
m 1
m
0 0
Pe exp
2 ( m)
0
By substituting (1) and (3) into (5) and using a
series representation for the erfc(.) as [4] exp 2 (1 cos
2
( )) d d .
2 ( 1) n (n 1 / 2)
0
n 1 / 2
erfc ( cos ) 1
(2n 1)! (12)
n 0
(8) 1m 1 m
m m
m m 1 1
n Pe F1 , ;1;
1 1 ( 1) sin(( 2n 1) ) ( m n 0.5)( n 20 .5) 2 2 2 41 / 2 m / 2
2
n 0 ( 2n 1)! ( m)(2n 1) / m n 1 / 2
m
2
k mk
1 m 1 sin(2k ) 1 1 m
( m) k 1
2k
4 2
1 1
2 F1 m n , n ;2n 2; (9) ( m k ) m k m k 1 1
2 2 m
2 F1 , ; k 1;
(1 k ) 2 2 41 / 2 m / 2
where 2 F1 (a, b; c; x) is the Gauss hypergeometric
function [14]. Finally, the average BER in (9) (15)
can be written in closed form as
After further manipulation, the average BER can
be simplified as
33
1
m
m m 1 1 therefore
equal when 520 and 440 for m=1 and
P e 1
2 F1 , ;1;
9, respectively. Hence, the advantage of using the
2 2m 2 2 41 / 2 m / 2
k m mk
BPSK is vanished with > 44 for the fading
0
sin( 2k ) 1 m 1 m
k 1
2k
4 2
channel with m=9.
2 F1 m 1, k ; m k ;1
m k m k 1 References
1
2 F1 , ; k 1; .
2 2 41 / 2 m / 2
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34
no. 3, pp. 123-128, Sept. 1999. in, Statistical Methods of Radio Wave
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Table 1. The performance degradation of the BPSK and the DPSK at the average BER of 10-3 for m and
ranging from 3 to 9 and 100 to 600, respectively. The average SNR with =00 are also given for m
increasing from 3 to 9.
35
Fig.1 The average BER performance of the BPSK with =00, 300 and m=1,3,5,7,9.
100
Nakagami-m fading
10-1
No phase error
m=1
Average Bit Error Rate
10-3 m=3
m=5
10-4 m=7
AWGN with no
phase error
m=9
10-5
10-6
0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30
100
Nakagami-m fading
10-1
m=1 No phase error
Average Bit Error Rate
10-3 m=3
m=9
10-5
10-6
0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30
Fig. 2. The average BER performance of the DPSK with =00, 300 and m=1,3,5,7, 9.
36