/6- L = N P A E R L g \ i ` \ ^ d i t \ _ h d i d n o m \ ^ d i _ ` d i q ` i o \ m d j n ` i p i \ ^ \ _ ` i \ _ ` n p h di d n o m j

Lscqrpm_ljgqgq_l rcpgm ppcqn_jb_j__dgpk_aglbcosc*c l eclcp_j*j_qnpmk magmlcqglapc+

kclr_lc jgltclr_pgmb c agajmcl j_a_bcl_bcqsk glgqrpmwtsjlcp_lqsbcqck ncm,Cqrcfcafm
f_jjct_bm _k saf_qamkn__q*glajswclbm_jkqep_lbck glmpgqr_bcjk slbm*U_j+K_pr*w _
t_pgmq d_`pga_lrcqamk mN pm arcp$E_k`jc*_m n r_pn mpmdpcacpNpcagmq `_hmqrmbmq jmqb_q
&CBJN*n m pqsqqgej_qclglejq',?os*c jnpcagmcqdghm_rp_tqb c jrgck nmwlmqcmdpcaclb c q+
asclrmq_amprmnj_xm,Cqrmcjgk gl_as_josgcpglaclrgtmn_p_j_amk np__bcj_lr_b_,Amkmpcqsj+
r_bm*rmb_qj_qcr_n_qb cj_a_bcl_amk np_lc l a_lrgb_bcqoscamglagbclamlj_bck _lb_,
Cleclcp_j*cjbcqasclrmosccjkglmpgqr_rp_lqdgcpc_jajgclrcqctcgldjsgbmnmpj_cj_qrgagb_b
bcj_rp_lq_aaglbcjkglmpgqr_*osccqc jglapck clrmc l j_qtclr_q_jbcr_jjcn m pslgb_bb cb c q+
asclrmclc jnpcagm,K gclrp_qkqep_lbcqc_j_cj_qrgagb_b*kqnpm`_`jcqcposccjkglmpgqr_
rp_lqdgcp_ sl_ k _wmpn _prcb cjbcqasclrm _jamlqsk gbmp, B ccqrc kmbm*j_q npmk magmlcqa m +
kcpag_jcqbcjd_`pga_lrc rgclclqclrgbmn _p_jmqnpmbsarmqamlsl_ _jr_cj_qrgagb_bbc rp_lq_a+
aglosc_qcesp_sl__jr_rp_lqdcpclag_bcjk glmpgqr_w_jrmqamqrmqbc k _lrclcpclgltclr_pgm
osce_p_lrgx_lsl`_hmlgtcjb c amk np__bcj_lr_b_,@j_rr`cpewLcqjgl&/77.'gbclrgdga_ljmq_ p+
rasjmqb c n_ncjamk mnpmbsarmqoscrgclcl_jrmqlgtcjcqbccj_qrgagb_bbcrp_lq_aaglwb camqrmq
bck _lrclcpc l gltclr_pgm,?qgkgqkm*pcamlmaclo s cj_qnpmk magmlcqamk cpag_jcqqmlkqcdg+
a_acqamlk_pa_qdscprcqcl amk n_p_aglamlk_pa_qb`gjcq,
J_qnpmkmagmlcqamkcpag_jcqr_k`glqchsqrgdga_lamk mpcqnscqr_amkncrgrgt_,Clsl_a_rc+
emp_amk mj_bcjmqpcdpcqamqbcamj_*_jeslmqajgclrcqqmljc_jcq_qsk_pa_kgclrp_qoscmrpmqbc+
nclbclb c j_k_pa_oscqcmdpcac_jk clmpnpcagm,Amlqgbcpc sl_qgrs_aglcl j_osc slmbcjmq
amkncrgbmpcq*bge_kmqNcnqg*mdpcac_rmqkglmpgqr_q sl_npmkmaglamkcpag_j,Jmqkglmpgqr_q gl+
apck clr_lqsqamknp_qbcNcnqgwn_q_l_jembcjbcqasclrm_jajgclrc,Jmqajgclrcqqclqg`jcq_jn pc+
agm_skclr_lqsamknp_bcNcnqg,Qgslamk ncrgbmpamk mAma_+Amj_lmpcqnmlbc*ngcpbcn_prcbc
qsn_prgagn_aglbc kcpa_bmclj_dmpk_bcajgclrcqqclqg`jcq_jnpcagm,Qcnscbc_pesk clr_posc
sl_npmkmaglamkcpag_jqchsqrgdga_clsl_qgrs_aglbccqrcrgnmamk mpcqnscqr_amkncrgrgt_,M `+
qcptcoscas_lbm_k`mqamkncrgbmpcqmdpcaclnpmkmagmlcqamkcpag_jcq*lmcvgqrcslglapckclrm
pc_jclj_bck _lb_n_p_lgleslmbccjjmq*_kclmqosc_skclrcc jamlqskmb crmqajgclrcqQglck +
`_pem*cjgltclr_pgmclj_a_bcl_bcqskglgqrpmqc_apcagclr_n_p__k`_qk_pa_q}qr_cq*nscq*sl_
qgrs_aglclj_oscj_qnpmkmagmlcqamkcpag_jcqqmlsl_lcacqgb_bamkncrgrgt_*ncpmglapckclr_l
cjgltclr_pgmb cj_a_bcl_wnpmtma_lsl_bgqkglsaglbcj_qsrgjgb_bcqbcrmbmqjmqamkncrgbmpcq,
J_qnpmk magmlcqamk cpag_jcqbc`clqc pbgqc_b_qn_p_oscjmqkglmpgqr_qjgkgrclqsqamk +
np_q_bcj_lr_b_qwrp_lqdgcp_lsl_k _wmpn _prcb c jbcqasclrm_jmqajgclrcqdgl_jcq,Cjm`hcrgtm
bcjd_`pga_lrccqglapck clr_pj_n_prgagn_aglb c k cpa_bmwj_qtclr_qqglncpk grgp_jkglmpgqr_
pc_jgx_pa_lrgb_bcqqgelgdga_rgt_qb c amk np_q_bcj_lr_b_q,Cqrcpcqsjr_bmqcjmep__jmdpcacpb c q+
asclrmqoscqc`_q_lc l j_qtclr_qpc_jcq_jmqajgclrcqc l jse_pbcclj_a_lrgb_bamk np_b_n mp
cjk glmpgqr_, C jb cqas cl rm c l c jnpcagm _njga__ _prasjmqo s cqc tclbcl _ jmqajgclrcq %oahh*
pdpkqcd&b s p_l rcj_npmk magl*lm_j_a_lrgb_bamk np_b_nmpcjkglmpgqr_&oahh*ej',Cqrmcjgk g+
l_rmbmqrmqglaclrgtmqn _p_j_amk np__bcj_lr_b_,
B _b_ j_ rcalmjme_ gldmpk rga_ osccvgqrcc l j_ _ars_jgb_b*ksafmq d_`pga_lrcqmdpcacl
_jesl_qnpmk magmlcq `_q_b_qc l jcarsp_qb c cqalcp*k cbg_lrc j_qas_jcqc jk glmpgqr_ pcag`c
apbgrmn _p_c jbcqasclrmnpmk magml_jn m pa_b_slgb_btclbgb_,M rp_mnaglcqjgk gr_pj__qge+
l_agl_slk glmpgqr_aml`_qccl j_qtclr_q_lrcpgmpcq,} qrccqr_k `glslcqdscpxmn m pjgk gr_p
j_a_lrgb_boscc jkglmpgqr_nscbcamk np_pnmp_bcj_lr_bm,Cqkswnmamnpm`_`jcoscjmqkg+
lmpgqr_q_acnrclr_jcqcqosck _qn _p_k_pa_qb`gjcq,

.-+2 = @ I E J E O P N = ? E J @ A H E J R A J P = N E K
@A? E? HK I Q HPEA O ? = H J

S l_a_bcl_b c qsk glgqrpmiqhpeao_]hjrgclckjrgnjcqcr_n_qwosgxlsk cpmqmqn_prgagn_lrcq

cla_b_sl_b c cjj_q,J_a_pclag_b c ammpbgl_aglcl j_qbcagqgmlcqqm`pccjr_k _mbcjmrc_jm
j_pemb cj_a_bcl_b _ amk mpcqsjr_bm_jrmqamqrmqwslgltclr_pgmbcagajmk _wmpb cjoscqcpc +
osgcpc,J_ k cr_b cslqgqrck _ ksjrgcqa_jlcqbgqk glsgpjmqamqrmq rmr_jcq k cbg_lrcj_am m pbg+
l_aglbcjmqncbgbmq_ jmj_pemb c j_a_bcl_,
 ? = L P Q H K . - = _ h di dn o m \ ^ d i _ ` ` ^ j i j h \ n _ ` ` n ^ \ g\ /6.

B EC Q N = L`madg_ ` g di q ` i o\ mdj ` i ` g h di j mdn o\ t ` ga\ ] md^ \ i o`

ndi n di ^ mj i du \ ^ d i

A^fV^dRbZ_
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Qsnmle_oscj_npmbsaaglcqglqr_lrlc_*bck _lcp_o s cc jd_`pga_lrcnscbcnpmbsagpsljmrc
qgcknpcoscqc lcacqgr_,Qgj_qbmqcr_n_q lmcqrlqglapmlgx_b_q*c jd_`pga_lrcnscbcnpmbsagp
sllsctmjmrcbcr_k _mM glk cbg_r_k clrcbcqnsqbccltg_psljmrcb c r_k _mM _jk glmpgq+
r_,C jgltclr_pgmc l j_qbmqcr_n_qqcgjsqrp_c l j_dgesp_ /.+4,Clcqrca_qm*c jkglmpgqr_rgclcsl
gltclr_pgmnpmk cbgmb cMp/wc jd_`pga_lrcslgltclr_pgmb cM+
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n_p_osccqr jgqr_hsqrm _ rgck nmn _p_qcpcltg_b_ _jk glmpgqr_,Clcqrca_qm*cjd_`pga_lrc lm
jjct_gltclr_pgmwc jk glmpgqr_k _lrgclcslgltclr_pgmnpmk cbgmb cMb/+? os*j_qglapmlgx_agl
bc j_ npmbsaaglwc jpc_`_qrcagk gclrmncpk grc_ j_a_bcl_bgqk glsgpc jgltclr_pgm bcagajmbc
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_ jrc pm bcjr_k _mb c jmrccl c jajgclrcglk cbg_rmcqjmosc kqqc_acpa__ jmnrgkm,As_lbm
` q r_k _mqbc rmrcqml kjrgnjmqclrcpmq*j_ammpbgl_aglbc jmqncbgbmqcl rmb_q j_qcr_n_q
ncpkgrcoscsl_nmpaglb cj_clrpce__sl_cr_n _n_qcn mpc japsacb c _lbl &:_nkoo*`k_gejc&
wamlrglcf_ag_ j_qgesgclrc,J _cvrclqglb c japsacb c _lblb cnclbcbc j_p_xlbcjamqrm
dghmb cm pb c l _pO wbcjamqrmb c k _lrclcpgltclr_pgm D cla_b_cr_n_,K gclrp_qkqacpa_cqr
j_ p_xlcl rpc j_qbmqcr_n_q*kq _jrmqcpc jnmpaclr_hcnrgk mb cjnpmbsarmosc f_ n_q_bm
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Qg sl_n _prc &bgqrpg`sgbmp'b c j_a_bcl_ _`_qrcac _ kjrgnjcq n_prcq &k glmpgqr_q'c l j_qg+
esgclrccr_n _cq gk nmpr_lrcbgqrglesgp_ rmq kglmpgqr_qaml sl_bck _lb_ _jr_bc _oscjjmqaml
sl_bck _lb_ `_h_, Clcqrccqacl_pgm*Pmslbw &/763'bck mqrposc sl_ nmjrga_acpa_l_ _ jm
nrgk mb_ pcqsjr_bmqg jmq k glmpgqr_qqc _epsn_lb c r_j k _lcp_osc rmbmq jmq kglmpgqr_qosc
ncprclcacl_slepsnmmpbcl_lcldmpk _amlhslr_w*n _p_as_josgcpkglmpgqr_*w_qc_o s cj_dpc +
asclag_b cn cbgbmqc_ sl k jrgnjmc l rc pm b c j_ dpcasclag_b c n cbgbmc l c jbgqrpg` s gb m pm j_
dpcasclag_bcncbgbmcl cjbgqrpg`sgbmpqc_s l kjrgnjmcl rcpm bcj_dpcasclag_cl c jkglmpgqr_,
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B EC Q N = . - * 4 A e` h k gj _ ` p i \ k j god^ \ _ ` m` \ ] \ n o` ^ dh d` i oj ` i o` mj

Jjce_cjncbgbmbcpc_`_qrcagkgclrmbcjbgqrpg`sgbmp

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Cjcltmbcjkglmpgqr_cqbcjgltclr_pgm

Cjcltmbcjkglmpgqr_n_q_nmpcjapsacbc_lbl

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j_bsp_aglb c jglrcpt_jmbcpcmpbclb c a_b_glrcep_lrccqslkjrgnjmcl rcpm bc_jelncpgmbm
`_qc,S lchck njmb c r_jnmjrga_qck scqrp_clj_dgesp_/.+5,Amlcqr_cqrp_rceg_*cjbgqrpg`sgbmp
amjma_ slncbgbmbc pc_`_qrcagk gclrma_b_bmqqck_l_q,?jeslmq kglmpgqr_qamjma_l ncbgbmq
bcpc_`_qrcagk gclrma_b_qck _l_wmrpmq*a_b_bmqm as _rpm qck _l_qM `qcptcoscn _p_jmqkg+
lmpgqr_qoscmpbcl_lamlkqdpcasclag_osccjbgqrpg`sgbmp*j_dpcasclag_b c ncbgbmbcjk glm+
pgqr_cq sl kjrgnjmcl rcpm b c j_ dpcasclag_b cjbgqrpg`sgbmp, N _p_ jmq kglmpgqr_qo s cmpbcl_l
amlk clmpdpcasclag_oscc jbgqrpg`sgbmp*j_dpcasclag_bcncbgbmb c qrccqslkjrgnjmcl rcpm
bcj_dpcasclag_bcjkglmpgqr_,
Qgj_nmjrga_bcpc_`_qrcagk gclrmcl rcpm qcqglapmlgx__jmj_pembcj_qbmqcr_n_q*c jbgqrpg+
`sgbmpn s cb cf_acpslapsacb c_lblb c sl_n _prcb c qsqsk glgqrpm_j_qgesgclrccr_n_,Rmbmq
` q cltmq_jmqk glmpgqr_qo s cmpb cl _l amlsl_dpcasclag_k clmposccjbgqrpg`sgbmp&a_b_bmq
m as_rpmqck _l_q'n_q_ln m pcjapsacbc_lbl*amk mqck scqrp_cl j_ dgesp_ /.+6,N _p_k glm+
pgqr_qo s cmpbcl_lamlkqdpcasclag_&a_b_qck _l_'oscc jbgqrpg`sgbmp*j_ kgr_bb c jmq ncbg+
bmqn_q_ln m pc japsacb c_lbl*wj_m rp_kgr_bqcclt_bcqbcc jgltclr_pgmamk mqcgjsqrp_cl
j_dgesp_ +,
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dgesp_ wqcpcqsk clbcj_qgesgclrcdmpk_8
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bclrpmbcslepsnmamjmosclqsqncbgbmqamlc jkgqkmnpmtccbmpwrcle_lc jkgqkm
glrcpt_jmbcpcmpbcl,
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B EC Q N = . - *5 Qi\^ \ _ ` i \ _ ` nph didnomj^ j i _dnomd]p^di h pgod`n^\gi

Cr_n_ C r_n _ C r_n _ C r_n _ C r_n_

j 0 1 2 3

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slncbgbmb c pc_`_qrcagk gclrmcl as_josgcpcr_n_cqrqglapmlgx_b_amlc jcltmb c sl
ncbgbmbcpc_`_qrcagk gclrm_as_lbmkclmqslmb cqsqajgclrcq,J_nmpaglqglapmlgx_b_
nscbcn_q_pn m pslapsacb c_lbl,
N_p_jmqajgclrcqamlglrcpt_jmqb cpcmpbclkqj_pemqosccjb c jnpmtccbmp*cjglrcpt_jm
bcpcmpbclbc`cqc pslk jrgnjmcl rcpm bcjglrcpt_jmbcjnpmtccbmpwf_woscqglapmlgx_p
b pc_`_qrcagk gclrmcl j_qbmqcr_n_qn_p_d_agjgr_pcjapsacbc_lbl,Clmrp_qn_j_`p_q*cj
npmtccbmpbc` cf_acpslapsacb c _lblamlrmbmqjmqncbgbmqbcjmqajgclrcqoscpcmpbc+
l_lamlk clmpdpcasclag_oscc jkgqkmnpmtccbmp,
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bcpcmpbclbcjn pmtccbmpbc`cqc pslk jrgnjmcl rcpm bcjglrcpt_jmbcjajgclrcwf_wosc
qglapmlgx_pc jpc_`_qrcagk gclrmcl j_qbmqcr_n_qn_p_d_agjgr_pc japsacb c _lbl,Cqbcagp*
b n pmtccbmpbc` cf_acpslapsacb c _lblamlslmbca_b _g cltmq_jajgclrcoscm pb c +
l_amlkqdpcasclag_osc jkgqkm*b m l b c?8cqslclrcpm,
J_dpcasclag_pcj_rgt_b cpcmpbclbcnclbcbcjamqrmbcnpcn_p_agl*cjamqrmb c k _lrclcp
gltclr_pgmwj_bck _lb_b cbgdcpclrcqepsnmq,

L Q J P K ? H = R A H\n kjgod^\n _ ` m`\]\no`^dhd`ioj`io`mj kp`_`i ndi^mjidu\mn``i^\_`i\n_`

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kgclrmbcl rpm b c j_a_bcl_b c qsk glgqrpmwbgqk glswclc jgltclr_pgmb c agajm*glapck clr_ljmq
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b k mk clrmcjcegbmn _p_pcmpbcl_p,Nmpr_lrm*bgaf_q nmjrga_qqml kswamltclgclrcq n_p_a _ +
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