Distinctive Technology For Methano Plants PDF
Distinctive Technology For Methano Plants PDF
Distinctive Technology For Methano Plants PDF
TECHNOLOGY
Raffaele Ostuni
Research & Technology
Development Department
Methanol Casale S.A.
Lugano (Svizzera)
[email protected]
DISTINCTIVE TECHNOLOGIES
FOR METHANOL PLANTS
The Casale Group has a worldwide reputation as the leader in the revamping of existing fertilizer and methanol plants of any kind.
More recently, Casale has applied its advanced technologies also to the design of new grass-roots methanol plants with capacity
up to 7,000 t/d in a single train. This paper provides an overview of Casales most distinctive technologies in the methanol field,
their application to new methanol plants, and their prominent role in the trend to ever larger single-train plant capacities.
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Casale process for large methanol plants natural gas consumption is lower than the pure reforming scheme.
A conceptual analysis of the main process steps involved in the syn- The Combined Reforming Process (shown in Fig. 2) combines the
thesis of methanol is important to understand the basis for Casales advantages of the two schemes outlined above, and it is the flow
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the final purification is performed in two
steps: the topping column separates
the lighter compounds from the liquid
mixture, while the refining section pro-
vides the final separation of water and
higher ends from the pure product. The
refining section is split in two separated
columns, one under pressure and one
atmospheric, which is the arrangement
achieving the least distillation energy
consumption.
The arrangement of Casale three-col-
umn distillation is shown in Fig. 4.
Distinctive technologies
Fig. 3 - Casale synthesis loop
in large methanol plants
The Casale synthesis loop is very simple, as illustrated in Fig. 3. It fea- Casale has deeply optimized its methanol process scheme. However,
tures a single synthesis converter, a gas-gas exchanger to preheat the it is the application of its distinctive technologies that allows the out-
converter feed, a methanol condenser, a liquid methanol product sep- standing features of the methanol plant in the most efficient and reli-
arator, a hydrogen recovery unit from the purge gas, a syngas com- able way.
pressor and a circulating compressor. The Casale technologies applied in the new large methanol plants are
The core of the Casale synthesis loop is the IMC (Isothermal Methanol the Pre-Reformer, the Autothermal Reformer and the IMC Synthesis
Converter): this is the ultimate converter generation, which achieves a Converter, all described in this section of the paper.
very large methanol capacity with a single vessel converter.
The synthesis of methanol is exothermic, limited by the equilibrium. Pre-reforming reactor technology
The lower is the temperature, the more favorable the equilibrium Casales pre-reforming reactor is designed according to the axial-radi-
methanol concentration. On the other hand, high temperatures pro- al technology for catalyst beds, as shown in Fig. 5 and 6.
mote faster reaction kinetics.
An ideal converter follows the
maximum rate curve and
achieves the highest conver-
sion by removing the reaction
heat from the catalyst mass
at a controlled rate in the cat-
alyst bed. This is exactly what
the Casale IMC plate-cooled
converter does.
The Casale IMC synthesis
converter and synloop
achieve high syngas conver-
sion with low recycle ratio,
enabling a smaller size for the
loop items.
Distillation section
The crude methanol typically
needs to be purified to reach
the specification required by
the specific application.
To reach AA grade methanol, Fig. 4 - Casale three-column distillation
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ing, poor distribution or deterioration. At the
same time, the gas pressure drop is low and
stable throughout the life of the catalyst.
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The first Casale axial-radial pre-reformer is successfully in operation flame, preventing hot spots on the lining surface.
since 2000 in a revamped plant in Brazil. Three more units were The burner is provided with a water-cooling system derived from the
installed in the following years, both in ammonia and methanol plants. well-proven system adopted in the more demanding Casale POX
burner. This design, which is in service in methanol and ammonia
Auto-Thermal Reformer Technology (ATR) plants, has the following features:
The ATR is characterized by a special Casale design to achieve a per- - high reliability and long durability, with several years of operation with
fect mixing between oxygen and gas, obtaining a very good combus- no deterioration;
tion. The combustion chamber design of the Casale ATR unit is con- - high efficiency of conversion of methane to syngas, thanks to the uni-
ceptually very simple. The oxygen stream is introduced at a high veloc- form field of temperature and composition;
ity axially at the top of the combustion cylindrical chamber. The - longer lasting performances of the catalyst, thanks to the short flame
process gas is introduced from one side at the top of the cylindrical length avoiding impingement and damages on catalyst surface;
chamber, before the burner tip. The high velocity of the oxygen - total absence of soot formation, as evidenced by the analysis and
increases mixing between the two and reduces the flame length since inspections on ATR catalyst and downstream equipment;
the combustion reaction takes place instantaneously after mixing. A - wide flexibility: it has been successfully operated at temperature con-
short flame avoids impingement on the catalyst surface that would ditions, composition and flow rates far from the design ones.
result in destroying its top layer with consequent performance The first unit of the Casale ATR was put in service since November
decrease and high-pressure drop. 2001 in a Methanol plant in China. The picture in Fig. 7 was taken dur-
The fluid-dynamic field inside the combustion chamber is designed to ing burner installation. Since then, several others have been installed
protect the refractory lining from the high temperature core of the or are under construction.
Isothermal Methanol Converter
(IMC) Synthesis Technology
The synthesis converter in the Casale
process is designed according to its
most advanced methanol converter
design: the IMC (see Fig. 8 and 9).
The IMC is a pseudo isothermal convert-
er in which the heat transfer surfaces are
plates, and the catalyst is loaded outside
the cooling plates. The Casale IMC
design was first applied to methanol syn-
thesis in 2002, and has achieved impor-
tant successes in the last ten years.
The IMC design has the following main
characteristics:
- the heat removal from different parts of
the catalytic bed can be adjusted inde-
pendently, enabling a perfect control the
temperature profile in the catalyst mass,
and operation of the converter according
to the highest reaction rate temperature
profile;
- heat can be removed directly from the
catalytic bed, without the need of tube
sheets;
- the catalyst bed is continuous, support-
ed by a layer of inert material, so it can be
easily loaded from the top and unloaded
from the bottom, through drop-out
pipes;
Fig. 8 - Casale IMC converter plates Fig. 9 - Casale axial-radial IMC converter - the converter can be designed with
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Casale axial-radial flow configuration, to benefit of section of the plates. The plates distribution system is
the features of this superior technology. designed to achieve the desired distribution with any
Thanks to the above features, it is possible to reach operating condition. The Casale loop arrangement
RIASSUNTO
Tecnologie proprietarie per gli impianti di sintesi di metanolo
Il Gruppo Casale leader mondiale nellambito della modernizzazione dimpianti per la sintesi di metanolo e fertilizzanti, grazie all'applicazione di conoscenze
specifiche e tecnologie proprietarie. Recentemente, Casale ha applicato queste tecnologie anche alla progettazione di nuove unit, tra cui limpianto di sintesi
metanolo di maggior capacit al mondo, da 7.000 t/d. Larticolo descrive le principali tecnologie del Gruppo Casale applicate alla sintesi del metanolo, eviden-
ziandone il ruolo primario nel consentire la costruzione dimpianti di taglia sempre maggiore, per seguire le esigenze di questo particolare mercato.
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