LOL

This article is about the internet slang acronym. For 1 Analysis

other uses, see LOL (disambiguation).
Laugh out loud redirects here. For the CBC Radio
One radio show, see Laugh Out Loud (radio). For the Laccetti (professor of humanities at Stevens Institute
ABS-CBN television show, see Laugh Out Loud (TV of Technology) and Molski, in their essay entitled The
series). Lost Art of Writing, are critical of the terms, predict-
ing reduced chances of employment for students who
use such slang, stating that, Unfortunately for these stu-
dents, their bosses will not be 'lol' when they read a re-
port that lacks proper punctuation and grammar, has nu-
merous misspellings, various made-up words, and silly
acronyms.[15][16] Fondiller and Nerone in their style
manual assert that professional or business communi-
cation should never be careless or poorly constructed
whether one is writing an electronic mail message or an
article for publication, and warn against the use of smi-
leys and these abbreviations, stating that they are no
more than e-mail slang and have no place in business
communication.[17]
Yunker and Barry in a study of online courses and how
they can be improved through podcasting have found
that these slang terms, and emoticons as well, are of-
ten misunderstood by students and are dicult to de-
A lolcat using LOL cipher unless their meanings are explained in advance.
They single out the example of ROFL as not ob-
viously being the abbreviation of rolling on the oor
laughing (emphasis added).[18] Haig singles out LOL
LOL or lol, an acronym for laugh(ing) out loud[1][2][3] as one of the three most popular initialisms in Internet
or lots of laughs,[4][5][6] is a popular element of Internet slang, alongside BFN (bye for now) and IMHO (in my
slang. It was rst used almost exclusively on Usenet, but
honest/humble opinion). He describes the various ini-
has since become widespread in other forms of computer- tialisms of Internet slang as convenient, but warns that
mediated communication and even face-to-face commu-
as ever more obscure acronyms emerge they can also be
nication. It is one of many initialisms for expressing bod- rather confusing.[1] Bidgoli likewise states that these ini-
ily reactions, in particular laughter, as text, including ini-
tialisms save keystrokes for the sender but [...] might
tialisms for more emphatic expressions of laughter such make comprehension of the message more dicult for
as LMAO[7] (laugh(ing) my ass o) and ROFL[8][9][10]
the receiver and that "[s]lang may hold dierent mean-
(or its older form ROTFL;[11][12] roll(ing) on the oor ings and lead to misunderstandings especially in interna-
laughing). Other unrelated expansions include the now tional settings"; he advises that they be used only when
mostly obsolete lots of luck or lots of love used in you are sure that the other person knows the meaning.[20]
letter-writing.[13]
Shortis observes that ROFL is a means of annotating text
The list of acronyms grows by the month[9] , and they with stage directions.[10] Hershock, in discussing these
are collected along with emoticons and smileys into folk terms in the context of performative utterances, points
dictionaries that are circulated informally amongst users out the dierence between telling someone that one is
of Usenet, IRC, and other forms of (textual) computer- laughing out loud and actually laughing out loud: The
mediated communication.[14] These initialisms are con- latter response is a straightforward action. The former is
troversial, and several authors[15][16][17][18] recommend a self-reexive representation of an action: I not only do
against their use, either in general or in specic contexts something but also show you that I am doing it. Or in-
such as business communications. deed, I may not actually laugh out loud but may use the
LOL was rst documented in the Oxford English Dictio- locution 'LOL' to communicate my appreciation of your
nary in March 2011.[19] attempt at humor.[9]

1
2 4 VARIATIONS ON THE THEME

David Crystal notes that use of LOL is not necessarily 3 Acceptance

genuine, just as the use of smiley faces or grins is not
necessarily genuine, posing the rhetorical question How On March 24, 2011, LOL, along with other acronyms,
many people are actually 'laughing out loud' when they was formally recognized in an update of the Oxford En-
send LOL?".[21] Franzini concurs, stating that there is glish Dictionary.[19][30] In their research, it was deter-
as yet no research that has determined the percentage of mined that the earliest recorded use of LOL as an initial-
people who are actually laughing out loud when they write ism was for little old lady in the 1960s.[31] They also dis-
LOL.[2] covered that the oldest written record of the use of LOL in
Victoria Clarke, in her analysis of telnet talkers, states the contemporary meaning of Laughing Out Loud was
that capitalization is important when people write LOL, from a message typed by Wayne Pearson in the 1980s,
and that a user who types LOL may well be laughing from the archives of Usenet.[32]
louder than one who types lol", and opines that these Gabriella Coleman references lulz extensively in her
standard expressions of laughter are losing force through anthropological studies of Anonymous.[33][34]
overuse.[22] Egan describes LOL, ROFL, and other ini-
tialisms as helpful as long as they are not overused. He
recommends against their use in business correspondence 3.1 Lexical form
because the recipient may not be aware of their meanings,
and because in general neither they nor emoticons are The past tense of lol is lolled. The participle form is
(in his view) appropriate in such correspondence.[3] June lolling.
Hines Moore shares that view.[23] So, too, does Lindsell-
Roberts, who gives the same advice of not using them in
business correspondence, or you won't be LOL.[24]
4 Variations on the theme

4.1 Variants
2 Spread from written to spoken
lul: phonetic spelling of LOL.
communication
lolz: Occasionally used in place of LOL.
LOL, ROFL, and other initialisms have crossed from lulz: Often used to denote laughter at someone who
computer-mediated communication to face-to-face com- is the victim of a prank, or a reason for performing
munication. David Crystallikening the introduction of an action. Its use originated with Internet trolls. Ac-
LOL, ROFL, and others into spoken language in magni- cording to a New York Times article about Internet
tude to the revolution of Johannes Gutenberg's invention trolling, "lulz means the joy of disrupting anothers
of movable type in the 15th centurystates that this is emotional equilibrium.[35] Can be used as a noun
a brand new variety of language evolving, invented by e.g. do it for the lulz., shortened into ftlulz (to
young people within ve years, that extend[s] the range distinguish it from ftl for the loss). See also
of the language, the expressiveness [and] the richness of LulzSec.
the language.[25][26]
Georey K. Pullum points out that even if interjections LOLOLOLOLOLOLOLOLOLOL: For added
such as LOL and ROFL were to become very common emphasis, LOL can be appended with any number
in spoken English, their total eect on language would of additional iterations of OL. In cases such as
be utterly trivial.[27] these, the abbreviation is not to be read literally (i.e.,
Laughing out loud out loud out loud out loud), but
Conversely, a 2003 study of college students by Naomi is meant to suggest several LOLs in a row.
Baron found that the use of these initialisms in computer-
mediated communication (CMC), specically in instant trolololol or trollololol: A portmanteau of troll and
messaging, was actually lower than she had expected. LOL iterated. Indicates that the prank or joke was
The students used few abbreviations, acronyms, and made by internet trolls, or the user thinks the prank
emoticons. The spelling was reasonably good and con- or joke qualies as internet trolling. See also Mr.
tractions were not ubiquitous. Out of 2,185 transmis- Trololo.
sions, there were 90 initialisms in total, only 31 CMC-
style abbreviations, and 49 emoticons.[26] Out of the 90
initialisms, 76 were occurrences of LOL.[28] 4.2 Derivations
While LOL and similar acronyms are used a lot in real
life speech, a lot of people are annoyed with this, say it lolwut (sometimes lulwut): lol + wut, used to in-
accidentally or use it ironically.[29] dicate bemused laughter, or confusion.
4.4 Commonly used equivalents in other languages 3

lawl, lawlz, or lal: Pseudo-pronunciation of LOL. 4.4 Commonly used equivalents in other
Saying lawl is sometimes meant in mockery of languages
those who use the term LOL, and is not meant to
express laughter. Most of these variants are usually found in lowercase.

lel: A satirical form of lol, often used to denote be- mdr: Esperanto version, from the initials of multe
musement or lack of amusement in response to a da ridoj, which translates to lot of laughs in En-
statement. glish.
mdr: French version, from the initials of mort
4.3 Related de rire which roughly translated means died of
laughter, although many French people also use
LOL instead as it is the most widely used on the
internet.[40][41]
:/Hebrew version of LOL. The letter is
pronounced 'kh' and is pronounced 'h'. Putting
them together (usually three or more in a row) makes
the word khakhakha or hahaha (since vowels in He-
brew are generally not written), which is in many
languages regarded as the sound of laughter .
555: the Thai variation of LOL. 5 in Thai is pro-
nounced ha, three of them being hahaha.
asg: Swedish abbreviation of the term asgarv, mean-
An animated ASCII art image popularized in 2004 by memes us- ing intense laughter.
ing the word "rocopter".
g: Danish abbreviation of the word griner, which
means laughing in Danish.[42]
*G* or *g*: For grins.[36] Like lulz it is used in rs: in Brazil rs (being an abbreviation of risos,
the initialism J4G (just for grins).[37] the plural of laugh) is often used in text based
communications in situations where in English LOL
Kek, popular use of lel eventually led to the use would be used, repeating it (rsrsrsrsrs) is often
of top lel (meaning maximum lel, i.e. many done to express longer laughter or laughing harder.
laughs). A Turkish brand of packaged muns Also popular is kkk (which can also be repeated
known as Topkek was discovered among Internet indenitely), due to the pronunciation of the letter k
users and thus top kek, and simply just Kek in Portuguese sounding similar to the ca in card, and
eventually became a symbolism for lel (or laugh- therefore representing the laugh cacacacaca (also
ing) in its place. similar to the Hebrew version above).[43]

LMAO: For laughing my ass o.[7] Variant: LM- ( ): in Japanese, the kanji for laugh ( ) is used in
FAO (Laughing my fucking ass o). the same way as lol. It can be read as kakko warai
(literally parentheses laugh) or just wara. w is also
lqtm: For Laughing quietly to myself.[38] used as an abbreviation, and it is common for mul-
tiple w to be chained together.[44]
ROFL: For rolling on the oor laughing. It is of-
ten combined with LMAO for added emphasis as mkm: in Afghanistan mkm (being an abbreviation
ROFLMAO (Rolling on the oor laughing my ass of the phrase ma khanda mikonom). This is a Dari
o) or ROFLMFAO (Rolling on the oor laugh- phrase that means I am laughing.
ing my fucking ass o).[39] / : in Chinese. Although (da xiao; big
laugh) is used, a more widespread usage is " "
rocopter: A portmanteau of ROFL and helicopter. (ha ha ha) or " " (he he) on internet forums. The
A popular glitch in the Microsoft Sam text-to- phonetic rendering, haha, is also common.
speech engine enables the voice to make a sound
akin to the rotation of rotor blades when 'SOI' is en- :in Arabic script is a repetition of the""
tered, and the phrase 'My ROFLcopter goes soi soi character meaning Hahahaha or Hehehehe"" ".
soi... is often associated with the term as a result. is equivalent to the letter H. The equivalents of
a or e short vowel are Arabic diacritics and are
PMSL: For pissing myself laughing. optional to write .
4 6 REFERENCES

(kkk) and (hhh) are usually used to [3] Michael Egan (2004). Email Etiquette. Cool Publications
indicate laughter in Korean. ' ', is a Korean Jamo Ltd. pp. 32, 5758. ISBN 1-84481-118-2.
consonant representing a k sound, and ' ' repre-
[4] Ann Hewings, Martin Hewings, Grammar and Context,
sents an h sound. Both " " and " " repre-
An advanced Resource Book, Routledge Applied Linguis-
sent laughter which is not very loud. However, if a tics, 2005, ISBN 0-415-31080-6
vowel symbol is written, louder laughter is implied:
haha , hoho.[45] [5] Jimmi Harrigan, Robert Rosenthal, Methods in Nonverbal
Behavior Research, Oxford University Press, 2005, ISBN
ha3: Malaysian variation of LOL. ha3 means pro- 978-0-19-852962-0
nouncing ha three times, hahaha.
[6] John P. Sloan, Instant English 2, Gribaudo, 2011 ISBN
jajaj: in Spanish, the letter j is pronounced /x/.[46] 978-88-580-0448-7
jejeje: in the Philippines is used to represent [7] LMAO entry at Netlingo.com
hehehe. j in Filipino languages is pronounced
as /h/, derived from the Spanish /x/. Its origins can [8] Ryan Goudelocke (August 2004). Credibility and Author-
be traced to SMS language. It is widely used in a ity on Internet Message Boards (PDF) (M.M.C. thesis).
Filipino youth subculture known as Jejemons.[47][48] Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechan-
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kkkkkk: in Somali, Amharic and other Afro-Asiatic
languages spoken in the Horn of Africa, iterations of [9] Hershock, Peter (2003). Technology and cultural values :
on the edge of the third millennium. Honolulu: University
the letter k are used as a variation of LOL.
of Hawaii Press East-West Philosophers Conference. p.
wkwkwk: in Indonesian, wkwkwk is often used to 561. ISBN 9780824826475.
express laughter. [10] Tim Shortis (2001). The Language of ICT. Routledge. p.
42. ISBN 978-0-415-22275-4.
In some languages with a non-Latin script, the abbrevia-
tion LOL itself is also often transliterated. See for exam- [11] Eric S. Raymond and Guy L. Steele (1996). The New
ple Arabic and Russian . Hackers Dictionary. MIT Press. p. 435. ISBN 0-262-
68092-0.
Pre-dating the Internet and phone texting by a century,
the way to express laughter in morse code is hi hi. The [12] Robin Williams and Steve Cummings (1993). Jargon: An
sound of this in morse ('di-di-di-dit di-dit, di-di-di-dit di- Informal Dictionary of Computer Terms. University of
dit') is thought to represent chuckling.[49][50] Michigan. p. 475. ISBN 978-0-938151-84-5.

[13] American Heritage Abbreviations Dictionary 3rd Edition.

Houghton Miin. 2005.
4.5 The word lol in other languages
[14] Steven G. Jones (1998). Cybersociety 2.0: Revisiting
In Dutch, lol is a word (not an acronym) which, co- Computer-Mediated Community and Technology. Sage
incidentally, means fun ("lollig" means funny) Publications Inc. p. 52. ISBN 0-7619-1462-5.

In Welsh, lol means nonsense e.g., if a person [15] Silvio Laccetti and Scott Molski (September 6, 2003).
wanted to say utter nonsense in Welsh, they would Cost of poor writing no laughing matter. Atlanta
say rwtsh lol[51] Journal-Constitution.

[16] Article co-authored by Stevens professor and student gar-

ners nationwide attention from business, academia (Press
5 See also release). Stevens Institute of Technology. October 22,
2003.
Internet meme
[17] Shirley H. Fondiller and Barbara J. Nerone (2007). Health
Leet Professionals Style Manual. Springer Publishing Com-
pany. p. 98. ISBN 0-8261-0207-7.

[18] Frank Yunker and Stephen Barry. Threaded Podcast-

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[2] Louis R. Franzini (2002). Kids Who Laugh: How to De- [19] Anna Stewart (March 25, 2011). OMG! Oxford English
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[20] Hossein Bidgoli (2004). The Internet Encyclopedia. John [40] MDR. The Free Dictionary. Retrieved April 9, 2011.
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[41] French-English translation for mdr (mort de rire)"".
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[Archive] - Giant in the Playground Forums

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[34] Coleman, Gabriella. Our Weirdness Is Free: The logic
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[37] What does J4G stand for?". Acronym nder. Retrieved

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[38] What does LQTM mean?". Internet Slang. Retrieved

April 12, 2011.

[39] LMAO. NetLingo. Retrieved April 12, 2011.

6 8 TEXT AND IMAGE SOURCES, CONTRIBUTORS, AND LICENSES

8 Text and image sources, contributors, and licenses

8.1 Text
LOL Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LOL?oldid=780630495 Contributors: Damian Yerrick, Shsilver, William Avery, SimonP, Shii,
Zoe, KF, Rickyrab, Delirium, Georey~enwiki, Tregoweth, Ahoerstemeier, J'raxis, Ugen64, Poor Yorick, Netsnipe, Andres, Ekips,
Smack, Timwi, EmphasisMine, Clown, Fuzheado, WhisperToMe, ErikStewart, Furrykef, Saltine, SEWilco, Bloodshedder, Wetman,
Bcorr, Francs2000, JorgeGG, Jni, Nufy8, Earl Andrew, Moncrief, ZimZalaBim, Altenmann, Babbage, Postdlf, Academic Challenger,
Hadal, Bbx, Dina, Dave6, Smjg, DocWatson42, Philwelch, Nunh-huh, Tom harrison, Lupin, Ferkelparade, Zahra, Bradeos Graphon, Pe-
ruvianllama, Curps, Varlaam, FrYGuY, Macrakis, SWAdair, Lucky 6.9, Wmahan, Cyanoacry, Antandrus, HorsePunchKid, J3, Robert
Brockway, Jeshii, Secfan, Szajd, Rosemaryamey, Gscshoyru, Joyous!, Jcw69, Grm wnr, Demiurge, Zondor, Adashiel, Trevor MacIn-
nis, Randwicked, Aponar Kestrel, Mike Rosoft, Freakofnurture, Discospinster, Rich Farmbrough, Caesar, AxSkov, Barista, Bishopo-
lis, Notinasnaid, Kndiaye, Ailanto, Harriv, Paul August, Bender235, Dewet, ESkog, Tgies, Kbh3rd, Evice, Brian0918, Aecis, Livajo,
Zscout370, Kwamikagami, Chairboy, RoyBoy, EurekaLott, Bookofjude, Mqduck, Cuervo, Erath, Guettarda, Grick, Nigelj, Deathawk,
Smalljim, Func, Wudafu, Sund, BrokenSegue, Shenme, JeR, Alfred300p, Colonel Cow, Kanpai, Pschemp, Towel401, Sam Korn, Jez,
Beyondthislife, OneGuy, Shirimasen, Alansohn, Gary, Gargaj, Cammoore, Vslashg, Mo0, Conocimiento, Jared81, Arthena, Penwhale,
Craigy144, Abe Lincoln, ABCD, Riana, AzaToth, Yamla, Thorns among our leaves, Hinotori, Goldom, SlimVirgin, Hoary, Lightdark-
ness, Kotasik, Mac Davis, InShaneee, Gaurav1146, Zerofoks, Malo, BenS, Ywong137, Snowolf, Ross Burgess, Yuckfoo, Evil Monkey,
Randy Johnston, TenOfAllTrades, Sciurin, Moogy, Meertn, Yourparadigm, H2g2bob, Henry W. Schmitt, Seth Goldin, Epimethius,
Killing Vector, RPIRED, TShilo12, Stemonitis, Angr, BahamutZero0o, Woohookitty, Mindmatrix, Guy M, Uncle G, Splintax, Sysys,
Robert K S, Commander Keane, WadeSimMiser, Insomne, JeremyA, Apokrif, Sir Lewk, CiTrusD, Bdj, Ngwz92, Grika, Bbatsell, Flam-
ingspinach, Frungi, Plrk, Microx, Betsythedevine, Dysepsion, Gettingtoit, RichardWeiss, Graham87, Ketsuban, KaisaL, Magister Mathe-
maticae, BD2412, JIP, GrundyCamellia, Jclemens, Mendaliv, Jshadias, Search4Lancer, Canderson7, Rjwilmsi, Nightscream, Vary, Wah-
keenah, Voretus, Tcwd, Nneonneo, Rightcouch, The rex, Sango123, DirkvdM, Yamamoto Ichiro, Austrian, Titoxd, TiagoTiago, CAPS
LOCK, LeeWilson, Satanicbowlerhat, Musical Linguist, Doc glasgow, Crazycomputers, Harmil, RexNL, Gurch, Redwolf24, Ralphael,
Nuge, Pimpalicious Nerd, TeaDrinker, Alphachimp, Srleer, Mike E Fresh, Acett, Mongreilf, Sbrools, M.C. Brown Shoes, Benlisquare,
Stephen Compall, Hall Monitor, Peterl, Gwernol, Eclipsed Moon, Royal Scottish, Roboto de Ajvol, The Rambling Man, YurikBot, Tex-
asAndroid, Morren, Pile0nades, Calamari, LRataplan, Sceptre, Zig973, KansaiKitsune, RussBot, Crazytales, Red Slash, Killervogel5,
Musicpvm, Anonymous editor, Splash, Richjkl, Ytgy111, CanadianCaesar, Kirill Lokshin, Van der Hoorn, Stephenb, Gaius Cornelius,
Zhatt, Muchosucko, Youngtwig, Abarry, Ugur Basak, EWS23, Daniel15, Wiki alf, Daunrealist, Jaxl, RazorICE, Robchurch, Journal-
ist, Daniel Simanek, 24ip, Irishguy, Nick, Kennyisinvisible, Matrix0507, Blu Aardvark, Ari89, Froth, SFC9394, Mysid, DeadEyeArrow,
EthanTheMighty, DNicholls, Brother Laz, Cbeaudoin, KevinGovaerts, Zzuuzz, Gtdp, The Fish, Cleric21, Thnidu, Jwissick, Donald Albury,
Zeppocity, Pietdesomere, JRawle, De Administrando Imperio, JuJube, GraemeL, JoanneB, Canuck90, Nae'blis, Georey.landis, Arund-
hati bakshi, RenamedUser jaskldjslak904, Nlitement, Wizpig64, Tzepish, NeilN, Oppolo, Amberrock, Bibliomaniac15, Krtki, Karora,
Eigenlambda, Neier, SmackBot, SoulSlayer, EvilCouch, Boogaborg, Lcarsdata, Kentyman, Tarret, CompuHacker, Melchoir, McGed-
don, Pgk, Rut5, Iopq, Gary Kirk, Crazyfellow, Flyer 13, Leki, Thunderboltz, Gregory j, Lifthrasir, Delldot, Underwater, Doc Strange,
Frymaster, Vilerage, Nerd42, BiT, Davebarnes, IstvanWolf, Quinkysan, Commander Keane bot, M stone, Gilliam, Ohnoitsjamie, Rmas-
ter1200, Sadman64, Qtoktok, Eloy, AlexNichols, Chris the speller, Unint, Gooddayz, Shicoco, Tomfulton, Crashmatrix, Ian13, Jiebie,
Thumperward, Sinr, BabuBhatt, Swanner, Liamdaly620, Realoser, ChrisFW, PureRED, Oni Ookami Alfador, Wikipediatrix, Ikiroid,
Octahedron80, Ned Scott, Gracenotes, UnKnown X, Sebhaque, Can't sleep, clown will eat me, MyNameIsVlad, Ioscius, Onorem, Pika-
jedi3, Clorox, Korinkami, Kharpert~enwiki, Thawa, XQ fan, DurotarLord, Xyzzyplugh, -fool-, Kcordina, Theccy, Nitrogenetic, Pushit,
Gizwidget, King Vegita, Poppa Yami, Krich, JDman, Gohst, Emre D., Gabi S., Cybercobra, Khukri, Pompyrule, Nakon, McDonaldsGuy,
Nathan Yeh, Elblancox, Hyperbola, Animaonline, Ktennessen, Thekaje, Weregerbil, Kuronue, NickPenguin, Pg2114, Smartalecks, Dan-
garcia~enwiki, Dmn1, Kekekeke, TCorp, Ithizar, Jklin, The54eect, Powelldinho, Jitterro, HelloHello, UncleFester, Davidone, Krispyka-
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Nicolao, NikoSilver, Deadlightbulb, Crwth, Axem Titanium, Sanya, Schwinn9, USSVagrant, OFX, Cheesemunkey, LOL9000, Unlocked,
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onballMarcus, WorkMonkey, Deepdreamer, Mister Yoan, A Softer Answer, Jeremy68, Many monkeys, Pwn3d, Pascal.Tesson, Adonator,
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emacs, Gammi93, Arjun01, Thecyberwasp, WhyTanFox, Rettetast, TSDA, Keith D, Fuzzyhair2, Dennis1000, Earle117, Zouavman Le
8.2 Images 7

Zouave, R'n'B, H00kd on foniks, Wikitiki89, Hairchrm, Ash, Pomte, RockMFR, Morrad, J.delanoy, Potterb913, Melamed katz, SQL
Oracle, Tikiwont, Uscgamerica09, PWdiamond, Maurice Carbonaro, Idontthinkso, Sbunce92, Andikun, Tom deely, Athaenara, The hub,
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tion bot, Frankenpuppy, Mvs1312, Georgepowell2008, Xqbot, RaheemRehman, NHL09addict, Videogames5196, TracyMcClark, Fern 24,
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