BINOMIAL EXPANSIONS

YEA QUESTION
R
201 4(a) The function f is defined as 6
f ( x )= 4 x3 + 4 x+ 1for1< x <1.
6
1
(i) Show that f ( x )=( 1+2 x )3 .
The series expansion of ( 1+ x )k is given as
k ( k1 ) x 2 k ( k 1 )( k 2 ) x3 k ( k1 ) ( k 2 )( k3 ) x 4
1+kx + + + +
2! 3! 4!
where k R and1< x <1.
(ii) Determine the series expansion of f up to and including
4
the term in x .
(iii) Hence, approximate f ( 0.4 ) correct to 2 decimal places.
201 4(a)(i) For the binomial expansion of ( 2 x +3 )20 , show that the ratio of the
4 3
term in x 6 to the term in x 7 is .
4x

(ii)a) Determine the FIRST THREE terms of the binomial expansion of

( 1+2 x )10 .
b) Hence, obtain an estimate for ( 1.01 )10 .

n! n! ( n+1 ) !
(b) Show that + = .
( n1 ) ! r ! ( nr +1 ) ! ( r1 ) ! ( nr+ 1 ) ! r !

201 4(a)(i) Obtain the binomial expansion of 4 { 1+ x + 4 ( 1x ) up to the term

3 containing x 2 .

1
(ii) Hence, by letting x= , compute an approximation of 4 17+ 4 15
16
to four decimal places.

(b) Show that the coefficient of the x 5 term of the product ( x+ 2 )5 ( x2 )4

is 96.

201
2 4(a)(i) Express (nr ) in terms of factorials.

(ii) Hence, show that (nr )=(nr

n
) .

8
3
(iii) Find the coefficient of x4 in ( x 2
x ) .

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 (iv) Using the identity ( 1+ x )2 n =( 1+ x )n ( 1+ x )n , show that
n
2 n =C 2+C 2 +C 2+ +C2 +C 2 ,
( )
n
0 1 2 n1 n where

C r= n
()
r
.

201 3(b)(i) Find the constants A and B such that

1
23 x A B
= +
( 1x )( 12 x ) 1x 12 x

(ii) Obtain the first FOUR non-zero terms of the expansion of each
( 1x )1 and ( 12 x )1 as power series of x in ascending order.

(ii) Find (a) the range of values of x for which the series expansion of
23 x
is valid.
( 1x )( 12 x )
(b) the coefficient of x n in (iii)(a) above.

5(a) (nr) is defined as the number of ways of selecting r distinct objects

from a given set of n distinct objects. From the definition, show that,

(i) (nr)=(nrn )
(ii) (n+1r )=(nr)+( r1n )
(iii) Hence, prove that

(( ) ( )) (( ) ( ))
8+ 8 8 + 8
6 5 3 2
is a perfect square.

201 3(c)(i) Use the binomial theorem to expand ( 1+2 x )1 /2 as far as the term in
0
x 3 , stating the values of x for which the expansion is valid.

x 1
(ii) Prove that = ( 1+ x 1+ 2 x ) for x> 0.
1+ x + 1+2 x x

(iii) Hence, or otherwise, show that, if x is small so that the term in

x 3 and higher powers of x can be neglected, the expansion in (c)
1
(ii) above is approximately equal to x ( 1x ) .
2

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 n n
4(a)(i) By expressing Cr and C r1
in terms of factorials, prove that
n n n+1
C r + Cr 1=
Cr .

200 n N such that 5 nC2 2 C2 .

n2

9 4(a)(i) Find
1 2 x 1 px
5 4

is 26. Find
2
(ii) The coefficient of x in the expansion of
the possible values of the real number p.
200 1 x
12

8 4(b)(i) Use the binomial theorem or Maclaurins theorem to expand

3
in powers of x as far as the term in x , stating the values of x for which
the expansion is valid.
1 x
1
2
.
(ii) Obtain a similar expansion for
3
(iii) Prove that if x is so small that x and higher powers of x can be
neglected, then
1 x 1
1 x x2 .
1 x 2
1
, x
(iv) Hence, by taking 17 show, without using calculators or tables,
1635
TNT .
that 2 is approximately equal to 1156

15
6
x 3 .
2

4(b) Find the term independent of x in the expansion of x

(c) Use the binomial theorem to find the difference between
210 and 2.002
10

correct to 5 decimal places.

200 10
5
2 x 3 .
2
7
8. Find the term independent of x in the expansion of x
n!
n
Ck
k ! n k !
9(a) Use the fact that to express, in terms of factorials,
u of x in the expansion of 1 x .
n 2n

(i) the coefficient of

v of x n in the expansion of 1 x
2 n 1
.
(ii) the coefficient of
(b) Hence, show that u 2v.
200 5 4
6
x 2
C2
2
C3 , x 3,
8. If
(a) show that x 5 x 14 0.
2

(b) find x.

1 ux 2 x
3
in powers of x up to the term in x 2 , u R.
9(a) Expand

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 2
(b) Given that the coefficient of the term in x is zero, find the value of u.

200 Ck and nCk 1 , for n k 1,

n

5 8(a) Express the binomial coefficients in terms of

factorials.
(b) Hence, show that
Ck nCn k
n
(i)
n 1
n
Ck nCk 1 Ck
(ii)
7 11
9. The coefficient of x is sixteen times the coefficient of x in the
a x
18
. Ck nCn k
n
expansion of Given that , find the possible value(s) of
the real constant a.

3(c) By substituting suitable values of x on both sides of the expansion of

Cx,
n

1 x
n
n
r
r

r 0 show that

C 2
n
n n
r

(i) r 0

C 1 0
n
n r
r

(ii) r 0

200 10
5
2 x 3 .
2
4
6. Find the term independent of x in the expansion of x
1 ax 1 6 x 16 x2 ...
n

9. If a and n.
find the values of the constants

2
4(b) Given that the coefficient of x is zero in the binomial expansion of
1 ax 1 2 x
5
, 3
find the value of a and the coefficient of x .

200 8
1
2x .
3
3
9. Find the term independent of x in the expansion of x

4(c)(i) Write down and simplify as far as possible, the FIRST THREE terms in
1 ux 2 x
4
.
the expansion of
2
(ii) Given that the coefficient of x is 0, find
(a) the value of a
(b) the coefficient of x.

200 x5 in the expansion of 1 5 x

8

2 8. The coefficient of is equal to the coefficient of

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 x 4 in the expansion of a 5 x . Find the value of a.
7

200 9
3x2 1
1
2 3x
8. Without expanding completely, find
(i) the term independent of x
6
(ii) the coefficient of x

200 1 3x 1 2 x
9
6
0 7. Find the coefficient of x in the expansion of as a series of
ascending powers of x.

199 6
8. Calculate the value of k if the coefficient of x in the expansion of
9
4 kx
10

is 840.

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