Page 1 of 23

) : ( interpretability

.
.
.

) (ambiguity :

-1 ) : ( lexical . :

.
. She was standing near the bank


.

. :



.

. Ali passed the river yesterday

-2 ) : ( structure .
1388
-2-1 ) : (grouping M2 M3
1388
1388 .
1388 .
1388 . :
1388
:2 :1 'More beautiful girls



X company to deliver the galvanized girders and beams at y port by Jan 26th, 1994
RSS

POWERED BY
BLOGFA.COM : x y 26 1994

42 :
39 : Smart boys and girls
3 :
78892 : History books and teachers

powered by webgozar

A big door handles

-2-2 : .

NP ) NP1 NP2 NP3 NP ( ing

) M ( ing Vp
NP ing M1

http://bazamooz.blogfa.com/88124.aspx 08/02/2014
 Page 2 of 23

X
.

NP1
. Vp NP RC NP ,is, was, has-
ing M1 ing M2
) ( .

-2-2-1 : .

-2-2-2 :
NP . } {x NP . NP
:

) NP1 V - V NP2 - V NP NP3 - P NP N, NP NP N NP NP

NP NP (

: NP
. NP

-1 I ,she, he ,You they, you, we ,it, : NP1.

-2 their, you, us, it, her, him, you, me : NP2 P NP .

: you, it, you .

NP1 NP2 P NP.

-3 theirs, yours, our, its, hers, his, yours, mine : NP1 NP2 NP3, P ,
,NP .

-4 our self, itself, herself, his self, yourself, myself themselves, , :

,yourself NP2 P NP . .

myself NP2 .

I saw myself in the mirror

NP2 NP1

myself NP2
I myself saw that animal in the park yesterday .

NP1 / NP2

my self M4 I my brother
myself javad javad my brother javad
M4 my self I .

M1 : M1 -2 NP .
M1 .

This can be explained in an easier way

PP= P NP V1p M1=NP1

Some may say that

V M1=NP1

http://bazamooz.blogfa.com/88124.aspx 08/02/2014
 Page 3 of 23

X M1 NP
) -( M1
.

Some of my books

NP of M1=NP1

NP

some many, each, both, most, either, neither, all .

: M1 NP
that -1 . those one -2 ones

There were many books on the table ,but I took that of jafar

NP of M1=NP1 V NP1

NP

: ). (.

There were many books on the table ,but I took that which belong to ali

RC = M5 M1=NP1

: .

There were many books on the table ,but I took ones which belong to ali

RC = M5 M1=NP1

: .

M2 : M2 -3 NP .

a beautiful girl 2- she is beautiful -1

M2=NP1 V NP1 )-N ( M2 M1 2 )-1 (

girl she girl .

a . M2 NP
.

M2
.

M2 NP
) -( M2
.

She is beautiful and attractive

M2=NP2 M2=NP2 V NP1

NP

: M2
M2 the this, that, the M2 . :

The disabled and the elderly should be respected

V M2=NP2 M2=NP

NP

: .

http://bazamooz.blogfa.com/88124.aspx 08/02/2014
 Page 4 of 23

X Border Markers

: .

.
:

-1 : .

-2 : . M1
..

. 9

. .

Punctuation 1 - N/ V ) : { - - - ]- - > - ( - : - . - " -

p Np) pp N/ V -

- )N/ V adv S (ADV

-4 N/ V RC (RS or Rvp) .

-5 N/ V V .

.
.

N RT2 -6

RT .

-7 )NP (M1 N

: M .

-.. Pronoun 8

.
. .

X s ..-9

s s

: 9 4
. to V VP
.

V to V I want to sleep -1

V to VP I decided to write a book -2

VP to VP she started to dig the ground in the yard to hide the jeueleries -3

http://bazamooz.blogfa.com/88124.aspx 08/02/2014
 Page 5 of 23

X VP to V -4

+ 1388 0:45 |

:verb

. vallency .
Vallency NP ) (
. ) NP (
) NP . ( ) ( P ) ( PP
) NP ( .

1 = + 1

S = NP1 + V1
2

= +1 + 2

S = NP1+ V2 + NP2
3

= + 1 + + 2 3

S = NP1+ V3 + NP2 + NP3

ali went to the cinema yesterday

NP1 V1 P M1 N adv
NP

PP
:

mark saw merry in the park yesterday

NP1 V2 NP2 P M1 N adv
NP

PP
:

mark gave merry a rose in the park yesterday

NP1 V3 NP2 M1 N P M1 N adv
NP3 NP

PP
:

http://bazamooz.blogfa.com/88124.aspx 08/02/2014
 Page 6 of 23

)
(

:
. NP
NP2
) ( PP = P NP . NP NP1
.

1 =S S = NP1+ V1 1
NP1+V1
( ) S = NP1 + V2 + NP2( /:1
)
(

:2 NP2
NP2
. 2

2 ali eat the food :

S = NP1+ V2 + ali eat food :
NP2

( / S = NP1+ V1 + PP :


.
2
.

they enjoy the party

) S ( = NP1 +V3+ NP2( /NP3 +
:1

) (
.

:2 NP2
NP2
.

marry called her new doll jone :

http://bazamooz.blogfa.com/88124.aspx 08/02/2014
 Page 7 of 23

S = NP1+ V3 + NP2 + NP3

X : 3
.

( ) S = NP1 + V2 + PP + NP2(/
3 :1

.
3
2 .

:2 NP2
NP2
.
a rose that rose
.

mark gave mery a rose in the park yesterday

the English political authorities :

granted that major economic issue
sufficient attention

:
.

that sufficient

): (passive verbs
NP
) NP1 ( give, grant : NP
. 3
2 . 2
1 2 . 1
0 0 .

( (Vp) :am, is, are, was, were, has been, had been ) + p.p

marry/ was given /a rose :

NP2 NP1 V2 PP V1 NP2

Javad /was asked /a question

NP2 V2 NP1 PP V1 NP2

That big crowded chain store, ghods, / has been granted/ a lot of useful facilities

N M2 M1 M4 N M3 M2 M2 M1

NP2 Vp2 NP1

http://bazamooz.blogfa.com/88124.aspx 08/02/2014
 Page 8 of 23

X PP Vp NP2

:1 ) ( NP
. %90 2-
.

: 2
NP NP1

-
.

the new doll/ was called/ Jane :

NP2 Vp2 NP1 NP1 Vp2 NP1

: 5 .

-1

-2 .

( By............. . :

) ( The forest/ was burnt/ by the kids

PP Vp1 NP1

Salt is solve at the water by mix-up

( By........ .:

The forest/ was burnt ) (

They analyzed the problem -3 ..... :

. the problem was analyzed :

In personalization -4

passive active-5 4 5 .

: ((conjunction .
. ) NP adv (......

.

The school principle/ punished/ marry/ and / her sister/ broke/ the window

NP2 V2 NP1 NP2 V2 NP1

.

.

: .

.

: .

:
. :

http://bazamooz.blogfa.com/88124.aspx 08/02/2014
 Page 9 of 23

.neither .. Nor -1

nor .:

Neither Ali nor javad will leave the country tomorrow

. either . Or -2

or .... ..... .
:

either Ali or javad will leave the country tomorrow

not only ..But (also) -3

) but (also . :

not only Ali but(also) javad will leave the country tomorrow

.. both . And -4 And ... ... . :

Both Ali and javad will leave the country tomorrow

: -

. whether. Or -5

or .. ..... .... ... .:

.... as well as -6

as well as as
as . well
as well as ) ( . mina .:

Mina plays the piano as well as her brother

well as well as . ) ( .:

] Ali, reza, javad and habib/ as well as hasn] went to school yesterday

adv PP V NP NP

NP

: - )
( ) ( .

: NP . NP
. as well as NP
NP .

: ) ( M4 NP.

The strategic sites, the oil reserves, the power plans, the major clams, should be projected
against missile attacks

NP NP NP NP

http://bazamooz.blogfa.com/88124.aspx 08/02/2014
 Page 10 of 23

X :
.

: ) ( ,and, or
.

and (or-but) ,

X, x, x, and, x and , x,
. and, . x .

,X, and x and, . and

and x x and x and .:

Haj asghar, and javad, went to the cinema is

and javad ,
.

and, along with together with .

X, and x and x %99 . and

and . %1 and

.:

.. NPa / P NPb and NPc / V (1

PP )(P NP

.The jewelries/ in the boxes and the antique bags/ were stolen

NPa / P NPb and NPc / V

: .

. NPa / P NPb, and NPc / V (2

)PP (P NP

.The jewelries/ in the boxes, and the antique bags/ were stolen

NPa / P NPb and NPc / V

)PP (P NP

: .

+ 1388 0:36 |

): (ADV

. ) (ADV .
.
:

Sentence = +( ) ADV= adv +

: adv ) (ADV
. .
:

although, though If)( unless -)( even -

though)( even if -
) ( when - where -

http://bazamooz.blogfa.com/88124.aspx 08/02/2014
 Page 11 of 23

X while, whilst, whereas

whenever .
wherever - because - as -
as far as - as long as -
as soon as, no sooner than - as if, as though -
- )( in so far as - (in) as much as -
so that ) ( ) ( such that -
if as if even if
as in so far as (in) as much as as though as if
. ....
. whether, however, whoever, whatever, such as, like ) :
( providing, provided(that), once, incase

.
) ( -
) ( :

-1 S ADV = S adv S

mina buys a Bike if ali studies Like lessons

N V M1 N adv N V M2 N
NP1 NP2 NP1 NP2
) S ( ) S (
) ADV (
: .

ADV S = adv S , S - 2

) (
-
.
.:

if mina buys a Bike , ali studies Like lessons

adv N V M1 N N V M2 N

NP1 NP2 NP1 NP2

) S ( ) S (
) ADV (

because : )(
.:

because mina buys a Bike , ali studies lessons

adv N V M1 N N V N

NP1 NP2 NP1 NP2

) S ( ) S (
) ADV (

: .

http://bazamooz.blogfa.com/88124.aspx 08/02/2014
 Page 12 of 23

X .
) because ( ....
) because of ( ......

Because my problems solves because ADV= : because

adv s
adv NP V
) S ( Because

) ( )( ADV
-
: .

because of my problems because because ofPP :

of
PP NP Because of
NP
)
(
)(
-
: ......
.

Although my problems solves ADV= : Although

Although adv s
adv NP V
) S ( Although

) ( ADV

: )(
.

in spite of : my problems in spite in spite of

of PP in spite
PP NP of
NP-
)
(


: ...... )(
.

Instead my problems solves Instead ADV= : Instead

adv NP V adv s
) S (
) ( ADV

http://bazamooz.blogfa.com/88124.aspx 08/02/2014
 Page 13 of 23

X Instead :
)(
-
.

Instead of PP : my problems Instead Instead of

PP NP of Instead of

) NP-
(
: ......

)(

-
As a my problems solves . As a

As a result ADV= :
result result adv s
adv NP V As a result
) S (
) ( ADV

: )(
.

As a result of my problems As a PP: As a result

result of asaresult of of
PP NP
NP-
)
(


)(

: ...... .

) accordingly -1 ( ) according to (

) in comparison -2 ) in comparison to - (... (

) in contrast -3 ( ) in contrast with - (

) in addition -4 ( : )( .
: ) in addition to - (

-1 ) NP
( )(
. )(
.

-2 : 7 NP
NP
. )( . 7 :

For, since, after, before, till, until, than

For
NP NP . :

http://bazamooz.blogfa.com/88124.aspx 08/02/2014
 Page 14 of 23

Ali Bought a New Car For His Wife

NP1 V M1 M2 N adv M2 N
NP2 NP
PP

Bumped the Old Car In to A Tree

V M1 M2 N P M1 N
NP NP
PP
:

: Since
NP NP .

since :
have has .

:After
NP NP .

: Before
NP NP

: after had + p.p before

had + p.p.

:Till, until
NP NP .

:Than
NP NP . :

-1 than mery is more beautiful than her sister :

:

mery is more beautiful than I thought -2 than ) ( adv :

:

-1 :
. : ........

-2 : .

( : + : ) (

( : + :

( : ) . :
( + :

( : + :

: .

-3 : ....
.

-4 NP . :

http://bazamooz.blogfa.com/88124.aspx 08/02/2014
 Page 15 of 23

-5 ) : ( PP .
: .... .... .....

M2 N P
NP
PP = P NP

-6 : adv . :
.....
. .

) 6(
.

quickly 6 .

( )

: .

. NP - PP -V- ADV :
.....

-1

. .

:
.

One of my intimate friends

M1 M2 M2 N
NP

Drank a cold tea Quickly in his office Before I Arrived

V M1 M2 N adv P M2 N adv NP V
NP NP ADV
PP
: .

-2
One of my relatively intimate friends drank a cold tea :

One of my intimate friends drank a relatively cold tea

http://bazamooz.blogfa.com/88124.aspx 08/02/2014
 Page 16 of 23

X :

. .

) ( a dramatically important event

a considerably trivial point ) - (

a horribly comic movie ) - (

:
a considerably trivial point . :

a scientifically important event

-3
.:

One of my intimate friends drank a cold tea relatively quickly in his office before I arrived

:
.

One of my intimate friends drank a cold tea quickly in his office exactly before I arrived

:
.

+ 1388 0:20 |

- -4

) : ( adv .
. )
(..

one of My Intimate friends

M1 M2 M2 N

NP1

drank a cold tea Quickly

V M1 M2 N Adv

NP2

in his Office Before I arrived

M2 N

http://bazamooz.blogfa.com/88124.aspx 08/02/2014
 Page 17 of 23

X p adv
NP
PP = p NP

: .

My relatively
My Intimate a relatively
a cold Quickly relatively
Quickly relatively

) : (

: adj ly -1 ly ly :
)quickly( exactly ) ( relatively ) (

ly -
:

the likely events The friendly behavior

) dead ly ( The deadly weapons

) Elder ly the elderly people
(

-2 ) ( often always never seldom now :

yesterday Tomorrow today then here their then almost already yet still however
Thus therefore more ,over sometime so) somehow - somewhat(
ly fast hard late long) :
just -
- (

: hardly ) hard -
( lately )late
( .

-3 ) : ( pp
. .

jack saw Sara on a cold dark night

mark saw Mary on a steep sharp hill

mina called ali with a loud angry voice

N V N p M1 M2 M2 N

P NP
PP

-4 ) : ( NP

-1 : -2 :

-1)( )( -2)()( )(

I saw her(for) tow time -1 2- the man (that) I saw (at) Monday

http://bazamooz.blogfa.com/88124.aspx 08/02/2014
 Page 18 of 23

X ) ( NP :

(at) last night (in) next week (in) this year (for) tow times

-5 ) :( adv of sentences

+ 1388 14:42 |

- 3

) : pp( prepositional phrase

) pp(E = prepress NP pp( F) = prepress NP
P.P pp
.

. .

-1

-2 ) ( NP

: -3 ) (NP

.. We got interested in such : ...

in .

.On a cold dark night : .... NP

on .

A Detailed Theorical Research

M1 M2 M2 N

NP

On These Wild American Camels ,lamas, Showed

P M1 M2 M2 N M4 v

NP

P NP
PP = p NP
:
) .... On NP
on (.

M3 NP
..NP of NP of NP
NP NP NP .

of NP NP ) NP NP NP (...... NP-
. of NP PP-
) : ( it consists of 2 parts

http://bazamooz.blogfa.com/88124.aspx 08/02/2014
 Page 19 of 23

X NP )of ( NP NP
of a man of Tehran :

.
) (
.:

the handles of the door of the cabin of the Capitan of that ship were broken

The handles of The Door of The Cabin of The Capitan of that ship Were
Broken

M1 N p M1 N p M1 N p M1 N p M1 N v

NP of NP of NP of NP of NP

:
). NP
NP
NP NP .
the handles of the door NP of NP M3N ) the door
(handles

.
. transform
. )
( . the handles of the door ) ( of
door handles ) ( form
The door handles . ) (

: NP NP
: (a man of Tehran ) :
.

NP NP NP NP of )
( :

A Mater of Great Significance

M1 N p M1 N

NP of Np
) : ( NP NP
.
) )( (

A Woman of Great Proud

M1 N p M1 N

http://bazamooz.blogfa.com/88124.aspx 08/02/2014
 Page 20 of 23

X
NP of Np
) : ( NP NP
) .
)(

+ 1388 14:41 |

- 2

( .... < > . : } {)

-1 ) (

-2 ) (

the Apple 4
M1 N m4
NP

-3 .

relative clause = RC :

RC -1 M5

RC -2 ) NP ( RC NP.

RC RS relative pronounce sentences

RC :

That, which, who, whom, whose - A 5 M5 NP.

Whether = if, how, what -B M5 NP.

When-3 where-2 why-1- C 3 ) what -1

-whether = if 2 -3 ( M5 NP.

M5 where
.

1944) ( in 1944 when the world war started

the city where my broth

Modifier ) (PSR .

) )NP (E): (M1) (M2) (M3) N (M4) (M5

(

-1 ) (M1

-2 ) (M3

(M2) -3 ) (M4 ) (M5 .

M1 M1 M2 M2 M3 M3 N M4 M4 M5 M5


a b a b a b a b a b

)( NPE

http://bazamooz.blogfa.com/88124.aspx 08/02/2014
 Page 21 of 23

X
) M4) (M2) (M3) N (M1): NP (F) (M5 )
(

M1 :
.

M5 M5 M4 M4 M2 M2 M3 M3 N M1 M1


b a b a a b a b b a

) ( NPF

) : (
. -
.

That Big Crowded story-5 Chain Store ,Ghods,

M1 M2 M2 M2 M3 N M4

NP

NP
NP1

Which Is located at Such a Busy Wide Intersection

R V P M1 M2 M2 N

) RC NP
(
RC = M5
NP1
:

Sells A great deal Fresh Medium Sized Trout Fish

of
V M1 M2 M2 M3 N

NP
NP2

that is a vital prolific Cholesterol- free Diet

R V M1 M2 M2 M2 N

) RC NP
(
RC = M5 .
NP2

http://bazamooz.blogfa.com/88124.aspx 08/02/2014
 Page 22 of 23

Esppecially For The Young Growing Deprived Kids

adv P M1 M2 M2 M2 N

p NP

Who Are suffering From Any Such Fatal Malnutrotious Disseases

of
R V P M1 M1 M2 M2 N

) RC NP (
RC = M5 .
MP) (
: ) (

: 1 NP .

: 2 suffering

+ 1388 14:37 |

) : ( appositive

.... , , < > ( ) { } :
.

ie . that is .

M4 :

-1 : m4 NP.

-2 M4 : M4 post modifiers
.

M4 - . :

my brother ail ,
M2 N )NP(m4
NP

ail my Brother ,
N N M2

)NP(m4
NP

http://bazamooz.blogfa.com/88124.aspx 08/02/2014
 Page 23 of 23

+ 1388 14:25 |

http://bazamooz.blogfa.com/88124.aspx 08/02/2014