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al-ashr
The Banishment

Medinan (surah 59 24 ayahs)

The surah that mentions The Banishment, Gods expulsion, of the clan of Ban al-Nad r
from their prodigious fortress-settlement near Medina, in the mustering it calls the first of its
kind: for they had betrayed their covenant of mutual defence by aiding idolaters against
monotheistic believers. It takes its name from the banishment or gathering of forces
(h ashr) of the Jewish tribe from Medina, which is mentioned in verse 2. The Ban al-Nad r,
who originally agreed with the Prophet that they would fight neither for nor against him, yet,
after the Meccan defeat of the Muslims in the Battle of Uh ud (year 3/625), made an alliance
with the Meccans. They also tried to kill the Prophet while he was in their area. He asked
them to leave and they agreed, but Ibn Ubayy, the head of the hypocrites of Medina,
promised them that, if they fought the Muslims, he and his camp would fight with them
(verse 11 ff.), and, if they had to leave Medina, he and his camp would leave with them.
Because the Ban al-Nad r had repeatedly broken their agreements, the Muslims besieged
them in Medina (in year 4/626), Ibn Ubayy did not keep his promise, and the Ban al-Nad r
agreed to leave, some going to Syria and some to Khaybar. In this surah, God stresses that
any gains were His doing and so should be distributed in accordance with His instructions
(verse 6 ff.). The end of the surah, consequently, emphasizes obedience and awe towards God
(verse 21 ff.).

bi-smi llhi r-rah mni r-rah mi
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Transliteration:


sabbah a li-llhi m f s-samwti wa-m f l-ard i wa-huwa l-azzu l-
h akmu
Translation:
Whatever there is in the heavens glorifies Allah and whatever there is in
the earth, and He is the All-mighty, the All-wise.
2
:

Transliteration:
huwa lladh akhraja lladhna kafar min ahli l-kitbi min diyrihim li-
awwali l-h ashri m z anantum an yakhruj wa-z ann annahum
mniatuhum h u s nuhum mina llhi fa-athumu llhu min h a ythu lam
yah t asib wa-qadhafa f qulbihimu r-ruba yukhribna buytahum bi-
aydhim wa-ayd l-muminna fa-tabir y-ul l-abs ri
Translation:
It is He who expelled the faithless belonging to the People of the Book
from their homes at the outset of [their] en masse banishment. You did not
think that they would go out, and they thought their fortresses would
protect them from Allah. But Allah came at them from whence they did
not reckon and He cast terror into their hearts. They demolish their houses
with their own hands and the hands of the faithful. So take lesson, O you
who have insight!
3
:



Transliteration:
wa-law-l an kataba llhu alayhimu l-jala la-adhdhabahum f d-duny
wa-lahum f l-khirati adhbu n-nri
Translation:
If Allah had not ordained banishment for them, He would have surely
punished them in this world, and in the Hereafter there is for them the
punishment of the Fire.
4
:

Transliteration:
dhlika bi-annahum shqq llha wa-raslah wa-man yushqqi llha fa-
inna llha shaddu l-iqbi
Translation:
That is because they defied Allah and His Apostle; and whoever defies
Allah, indeed Allah is severe in retribution.
5
:

Transliteration:
m qat atum min lnatin aw taraktumh qimatan al us lih fa-bi-
idhni llhi wa-li-yukhziya l-fsiqna
Translation:
Whatever palm trees you cut down or left standing on their roots, it was by
Allahs will, and in order that He may disgrace the transgressors.
6
:

Transliteration:
wa-m afa llhu al raslih minhum fa-m awjaftum alayhi min
khaylin wa-l rikbin wa-lkinna llha yusallit u rusulah al man
yashu wa-llhu al kulli shayin qadrun
Translation:
The spoils that Allah gave to His Apostle from them, you did not spur any
horse for its sake, nor any riding camel, but Allah makes His apostles
prevail over whomever He wishes, and Allah has power over all things.
7
:



Transliteration:
m afa llhu al raslih min ahli l-qur fa-li-llhi wa-li-r-rasli wa-li-
dh l-qurb wa-l-yatm wa-l-maskni wa-bni s-sabli kay l yakna
dlatan bayna l-aghniyi minkum wa-m tkumu r-raslu fa-khudhhu
wa-m nahkum anhu fa-ntah wa-ttaq llha inna llha shaddu l-iqb i
Translation:
The spoils that Allah gave to His Apostle from the people of the
townships, are for Allah and the Apostle, the relatives1 and the orphans, the
needy and the traveller, so that they do not circulate among the rich among
you. Take whatever the Apostle gives you, and relinquish whatever he
forbids you, and be wary of Allah. Indeed Allah is severe in retribution.
That is, of the Prophet ( ), the Ban Hshim.

8
:

Transliteration:
li-l-fuqari l-muhjirna lladhna ukhrij min diyrihim wa-amwlihim
yabtaghna fad lan mina llhi wa-rid wnan wa-yans urna llha wa-
raslah ulika humu s -s diqna
Translation:
[They are also] for the poor Emigrants who have been expelled from their
homes and [wrested of] their possessions, who seek grace from Allah and
[His] pleasure and help Allah and His Apostle. It is they who are the
truthful.1
 That is, true and loyal to their covenant with Allah and His Apostle.

9
:

Transliteration:
wa-lladhna tabawwa d-dra wa-l-mna min qablihim yuh i bbna man
hjara ilayhim wa-l yajidna f s udrihim h jatan mimm t wa-
yuthirna al anfusihim wa-law kna bihim khas s atun wa-man yqa
shuh h a nafsih fa-ulika humu l-muflih na
Translation:
[They are as well] for those who were settled in the land1 and [abided] in
faith before them, who love those who migrate toward them, and do not
find in their breasts any need for that which is given to them,2 but prefer
[the Immigrants] to themselves, though poverty be their own lot. And
those who are saved from their own greed it is they who are the
felicitous.
That is, Madnah, to which the early Muslims migrated with the Prophet ().

That is, to the Immigrants.

10
:








Transliteration:
wa-lladhna j min badihim yaqlna rabban ghfir lan wa-li-
ikhwnin lladhna sabaqn bi-l-mni wa-l tajal f qulbin ghillan li-
lladhna man rabban innaka rafun rah mun
Translation:
And [also for] those who came in after them, who say, Our Lord, forgive
us and our brethren who were our forerunners in the faith, and do not put
any rancour in our hearts toward the faithful. Our Lord, You are indeed
most kind and merciful.
11
:

Transliteration:
a-lam tara il lladhna nfaq yaqlna li-ikhwnihimu lladhna kafar
min ahli l-kitbi la-in ukhrijtum la-nakhrujanna maakum wa-l nut u
fkum ah adan abadan wa-in qtiltum la-nans urannakum wa-llhu
yashhadu innahum la-kdhibna
Translation:
Have you not regarded the hypocrites who say to their brethren, the
faithless from among the People of the Book: If you are expelled, we will
surely go out with you, and we will never obey anyone against you, and if
you are fought against we will surely help you, and Allah bears witness
that they are indeed liars.
12
:

Transliteration:
la-in ukhrij l yakhrujna maahum wa-la-in qtil l yans urnahum
wa-la-in nas arhum la-yuwallunna l-adbra thumma l yuns arna
Translation:
Surely, if they were expelled they would not go out with them, and if they
were fought against they would not help them, and were they to help them
they would surely turn their backs [to flee] and then1 they would not be
helped.
That is, the faithless from among the People of the Book.

13
:

Transliteration:
la-antum ashaddu rahbatan f s udrihim mina llhi dhlika bi-annahum
qawmun l yafqahna
Translation:
Indeed they have a greater awe of you in their hearts than of Allah. That is
because they are a lot who do not understand.
14
:




Transliteration:
l yuqtilnakum jaman ill f quran muh as s anatin aw min wari
judurin basuhum baynahum shaddun tah sabuhum jaman wa-
qulbuhum shatt dhlika bi-annahum qawmun l yaqilna
Translation:
They will not fight against you in a body except in fortified townships or
from behind walls. Their might is great among themselves. You suppose
them to be a body, but their hearts are disunited. That is because they are a
lot who do not apply reason,
15
:

Transliteration:
ka-mathali lladhna min qablihim qarban dhq wabla amrihim wa-
lahum adhbun almun
Translation:
like those who, recently before them, tasted the evil consequences of their
conduct, and there is a painful punishment for them.
16
:




Transliteration:
ka-mathali sh-shayt ni idh qla li-l-insni kfur fa-lamm kafara qla
inn barun minka inn akhfu llha rabba l-lamna
Translation:
[Or] like Satan, when he prompts man to renounce faith, then, when he
renounces faith, he says, Indeed I am absolved of you. Indeed I fear Allah,
the Lord of all the worlds.
17
:

Transliteration:
fa-kna qibatahum annahum f n-nri khlidayni fh wa-dhlika
jazu z -z limna
Translation:
So the fate of both is that they will be in the Fire, to remain in it [forever].
Such is the requital of the wrongdoers.
18
:

Transliteration:
y-ayyuh lladhna man ttaq llha wa-l-tanz ur nafsun m qaddamat
li-ghadin wa-ttaq llha inna llha khabrun bi-m tamalna
Translation:
O you who have faith! Be wary of Allah, and let every soul consider what
it sends ahead1 for tomorrow, and be wary of Allah. Allah is indeed well
aware of what you do.
Or prepares, or makes ready.

19
:

Transliteration:
wa-l takn ka-lladhna nas llha fa-anshum anfusahum ulika
humu l-fsiqna
Translation:
And do not be like those who forget Allah, so He makes them forget their
own souls. It is they who are the transgressors.
20
:

Transliteration:
l yastaw as h bu n-nri wa-as h bu l-jannati as h bu l-jannati humu l-
fizna
Translation:
Not equal are the inmates of the Fire and the inhabitants of paradise. It is
the inhabitants of paradise who are the successful ones.
21
:

Transliteration:
law anzaln hdh l-qurna al l-jabalin la-raaytah khshian
mutas addian min khashyati llhi wa-tilka l-amthlu nad ribuh li-n-nsi
laallahum yatafakkarna
Translation:
Had We sent down this Qurn upon a mountain, you would have surely
seen it humbled [and] go to pieces with the fear of Allah. We draw such
comparisons for mankind, so that they may reflect.
22
:

Transliteration:
huwa llhu lladh l ilha ill huwa limu l-ghaybi wa-sh-shahdati
huwa r-rah mnu r-rah mu
Translation:
He is Allahthere is no god except Him Knower of the sensible and the
Unseen, He is the All-beneficent, the All-merciful.
23
:

Transliteration:
huwa llhu lladh l ilha ill huwa l-maliku l-quddsu s-salmu l-
muminu l-muhayminu l-azzu l-jabbru l-mutakabbiru subh na llhi
amm yushrikna
Translation:
He is Allahthere is no god except Him the Sovereign, the All-holy, the
All-benign,1 the Securer, the All-conserver, the All-mighty, the All-
compeller, the All-magnanimous. Clear is Allah of any partners that they
may ascribe [to Him]!
Or the Impeccable.

24
:

Transliteration:
huwa llhu l-khliqu l-briu l-mus awwiru lahu l-asmu l-h usn
yusabbih u lah m f s-samwti wa-l-ard i wa-huwa l-azzu l-h akmu
Translation:
He is Allah, the Creator, the Maker, the Former. To Him belong the Best
Names. Whatever there is in the heavens glorifies Him and [whatever
there is in] the earth, and He is the All-mighty, the All-wise.

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Names of the Quran

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Mustashabih, Qawl, Arabi, Adl, Bushra, Amr, Iman, Naba, Wahy, Ilm, read more

Major Themes of the Quran

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Muhammad, Muslim, Revelation, Worship, Judgement, Resurrection, Paradise, Faith,
Mankind, Provision, Religious, Hereafter, Believe and Unbelieve, Hypocrite, Sacred,
Scripture, Community, Criterion, Justice, Apostle, Holy

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