4 - Pronouns - Pps
4 - Pronouns - Pps
4 - Pronouns - Pps
Refrescamento
Pronouns
Definition:
Pronouns are small words that take place of a noun. We use pronouns
instead of a noun to not repeat continuously the same noun.
Ex:
Do you like the president? I dont like the president. The
president is too pompous.
Near Far
Note:
Demonstrative pronoun stands alone, do not confuse with demonstrative adjectives (That smells
That book smells god.)
We can use demonstrative pronouns with people when the person is identified (That sounds like
John.)
Pronouns
Demonstrative Pronouns
Pronouns
Note:
We cant use apostrophe with possessive pronouns (hers, yours, theirs).
Pronouns
Thing What
Place Where
Time When
Note:
Whom is the correct form when the pronoun is the object of the verb, as in "Whom did you see?"
("I saw John.") However, in normal, spoken English we rarely use whom. Most native speakers
would say (or even write): "Who did you see?"
Pronouns
Singular I Myself
You Yourself
Plural We Ourselves
You Yourselves
They Themselves
Pronouns
Note: Reflexive pronouns can also act as intensive pronouns, but the function and usage is
different. An intensive pronoun emphasizes its antecedent.
I made it myself.
The President himself promised to stop the war.
She spoke to me herself.
Pronouns
Reciprocal Pronouns
We use reciprocal pronouns when each of two or more subjects is acting in
the same way towards the other. For example, A is talking to B, and B is
talking to A.
Two or more people; things or groups involved.
Doing the same thing.
Reciprocal Pronouns
Each other
One another
Note:
We cant use reciprocal pronouns with I, you (singular), he/she/it
Pronouns
singular
another an additional or different person or thing That ice-cream was good. Can I have another?
anything no matter what thing The doctor needs to know if you have eaten anything in the last two hours.
each every one of two or more people or things, seen separately Each has his own thoughts.
either one or the other of two people or things Do you want tea or coffee? / I don't mind. Either is good for me.
everybody/everyone all people We can start the meeting because everybody has arrived.
everything all things They have no house or possessions. They lost everything in the earthquake.
neither not one and not the other of two people or things I keep telling Jack and Jill but neither believes me.
nothing no single thing, not anything If you don't know the answer it's best to say nothing.
one an unidentified person Can one smoke here? | All the students arrived but now one is missing.
other a different person or thing from one already mentioned One was tall and the other was short.
somebody/someone an unspecified or unknown person Clearly somebody murdered him. It was not suicide.
something an unspecified or unknown thing Listen! I just heard something! What could it be?
plural
both two people or things, seen together John likes coffee but not tea. I think both are good.
few a small number of people or things Few have ever disobeyed him and lived.
fewer a reduced number of people or things Fewer are smoking these days.
others other people; not us I'm sure that others have tried before us.
several more than two but not many They all complained and several left the meeting.
they people in general (informal) They say that vegetables are good for you.
singular or plural
All is forgiven.
all the whole quantity of something or of some things or people
All have arrived.
Is any left?
any no matter how much or how many
Are any coming?
Most is lost.
most the majority; nearly all
Most have refused.
They fixed the water so why is none coming out of the tap?
none not any; no person or persons
I invited five friends but none have come.*
such of the type already mentioned He was a foreigner and he felt that he was treated as such.
Pronouns
Relative Pronouns
A relative pronoun is a pronoun that introduces a relative clause. It is called a
"relative" pronoun because it "relates" to the word that it modifies.
* Most used in Restrictive Clauses. Omitting the relative pronoun is also very common in speech and writing.
Note:
Restrictive relative clauses distinguish one noun from another.
I know the woman who works at Jones & Roe.
Nonrestrictive relative clauses give extra information about a noun and are separated from that
noun by commas.
Sue Dunn, who works at Jones & Roe, won't wear a suit.
Pronouns
Relative Pronouns
example sentences
notes
S=subject, O=object, P=possessive
- Mrs Pratt, whom I like very much, is my teacher. Whom is correct but very formal. Who
non- - Mr and Mrs Pratt, who I like very much, are my teachers. is normal.
O
defining
- The car, which I was driving at the time, suddenly caught fire.
whoever whomever
which/that/what which/that/what
Mary and I are delighted to be here today. (NOT Mary and me)
The letter was addressed to Mary and me. (NOT Mary and I)
In 1
Mary and I are subjects, which is why the pronoun takes the subjective case
("I").
In 2
Mary and I are objects, which is why the pronoun takes the objective case
("me").
An easy way to check the correct case is to try the sentence without Mary.
Would you say "I am delighted to be here" or "Me am delighted to be
here"? Would you say "The letter was addressed to me" or "The letter was
addressed to I"?
Pronouns
Possessive Pronouns Vs Possessive Adjectives
He His His
It Its -
We Our Ours
1) He is dreaming.
2) It is green.
3) They are on the wall.
4) It is running.
5) We are watching TV.
6) They are in the garden.
7) He is riding his bike.
8) She is from Bristol.
9) She has got a brother.
10) Have you got a computer, Mandy?
Pronouns
Practice 2 (Demonstrative Pronouns)
Use the correct demonstrative pronouns (this/these/that/those).
Examples:
(What) is your telephone number?
(Who) is that man?
Examples:
(What) is your telephone number?
(Who) is that man?
1. I know __________ about this issue that you may find interesting, but if I tell you, you must promise to keep it (a) secret.
4. __________ could have jumped over this wall, and stole your rake. It's very low.
10. Please don't leave __________ behind at home. We'll be away for a fortnight.
Pronouns
Practice 7 (Indifinite Pronouns)
Fill in the gaps with somebody, anybody, nobody, something, anything, nothing, somewhere, anywhere or nowhere.
12. They will not sing __________ in this city. They said that they would never come back.
13. There isn't __________ you can do to help them. __________ can help them.
14. We do not need __________ else to run this department. We can do it ourselves.
16. __________ phoned while we were out, but they did not leave a message.
18. They are looking for __________ to settle down and have children. They want to find a quiet place to lead a quiet life.
"I don't think there is __________. Mum and dad must have gone out."
Pronouns
Practice 7 (Indifinite Pronouns Correction)
Fill in the gaps with somebody, anybody, nobody, something, anything, nothing, somewhere, anywhere or nowhere.
1. I know something about this issue that you may find interesting, but if I tell you, you must promise to keep it (a) secret.
4. Anybody could have jumped over this wall, and stole your rake. It's very low.
10. Please don't leave anything behind at home. We'll be away for a for the night.
Pronouns
Practice 7 (Indifinite Pronouns Correction)
Fill in the gaps with somebody, anybody, nobody, something, anything, nothing, somewhere, anywhere or nowhere.
12. They will not sing anywhere in this city. They said that they would never come back.
13. There isn't anything/nobody you can do to help them. Nothing can help them.
14. We do not need anybody else to run this department. We can do it ourselves.
16. Somebody phoned while we were out, but they did not leave a message.
18. They are looking for somewhere to settle down and have children. They want to find a quiet place to lead a quiet life.
"I don't think there is anybody. Mum and dad must have gone out."
Pronouns
Practice 8 (Relative Pronouns)
Put in the relative who, which or whose where necessary. Type an x if the relative pronoun can be left out.
1. We gave them ________ telephone number, and they gave us ________. 6.This bird has broken ________ wing.
ours, their it's
our, their its'
ours, theirs hers
our, theirs Its
2.________ computer is a Mac, but ________ is a PC. 7.Was ________ grammar book expensive?
Your, mine your
Yours, mine yours
Your, my your's
Yours, my you
3.These grammar books are different. ________ has 278 pages, but ________ 8.Junko has eaten her lunch already, but I'm saving ________ until
has only 275 hers
Yours, mine her
Your, my my
Yours, my Mine
Your, mine
9.________ pencil is broken. Can I borrow ________?
4.Jody has lost ________ book. Mine, yours
mine Your, mine
her My, yours
hers Yours, mine
Theirs
10.You can't have any chocolate! It's ________!
5.My telephone is out of order, but ________ is working. your
your its
our her
his mine
Their
Pronouns
Practice 9 (Possessive Adjectives
Correction)
Choose the correct word for each space .
6.This bird has broken ________ wing.
it's
1. We gave them ________ telephone number, and they gave us ________. its'
ours, their hers
our, their Its
ours, theirs
our, theirs 7.Was ________ grammar book expensive?
your
2.________ computer is a Mac, but ________ is a PC. yours
Your, mine your's
Yours, mine you
Your, my
Yours, my 8.Junko has eaten her lunch already, but I'm saving ________ until
hers
3.These grammar books are different. ________ has 278 pages, but ________ her
has only 275 my
Yours, mine Mine
Your, my
Yours, my 9.________ pencil is broken. Can I borrow ________?
Your, mine Mine, yours
Your, mine
4.Jody has lost ________ book. My, yours
mine Yours, mine
her
hers 10.You can't have any chocolate! It's ________!
Theirs your
its
5.My telephone is out of order, but ________ is working. her
your mine
our
his
Their
Pronouns
Bibliography
http://www.englisch-hilfen.de
http://www.tolearnenglish.com
http://www.ego4u.com
http://www.eclearning.net/
http://www.polseguera.com
http://web2.uvcs.uvic.ca/elc/studyzone