HYBRID POWER GENERATION USING SOLAR

AND WIND ENERGY

PROJECT REFERENCE NO. : 37S0987

COLLEGE : RAO BAHADUR Y MAHABALESWARAPPA ENGINEERING

Keywords:
Reaching the non electrified rural population is currently not possible through the extension
of the grid, since the connection is neither economically feasible, nor encouraged by the main
actors. Further, the increases in oil prices and the unbearable impacts of this energy source on
the users and on the environment, are slowly removing conventional energy solutions, such
as fuel genets based systems, from the rural development agendas.

This problem can overcome by using HYBRID POWER GENERATION USING SOLAR
AND WIND ENERGY. Hybrid systems have proved to be the best option to deliver high
quality power

Introduction:
With increasing concern of global warming and the depletion of fossil fuel reserves,
many are looking at sustainable energy solutions to preserve the earth for the future
generations. Other than hydro power, wind and photovoltaic energy holds the most potential
to meet our energy demands. Alone, wind energy is capable of supplying large amounts of
power but its presence is highly unpredictable as it can be here one moment and gone in
another. Similarly, solar energy is present throughout the day but the solar irradiation levels
vary due to sun intensity and unpredictable shadows cast by clouds, birds, trees, etc. The
common inherent drawback of wind and photovoltaic systems are their intermittent natures

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that make them unreliable. However, by combining these two intermittent sources and by
incorporating maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithms, the systems power transfer
efficiency and reliability can be improved significantly. When a source is unavailable or
insufficient in meeting the load demands, the other energy source can compensate for the
difference. Several hybrid wind/PV power systems with MPPT control have been proposed
and discussed in works Most of the systems in literature use a separate DC/DC boost
converter connected in parallel in the rectifier stage o perform the MPPT control for each of
the renewable energy power sources. A simpler multi-input structure has been suggested that
combine the sources from the DC-end while still achieving MPPT for each renewable source.
The structure proposed by is a fusion of the buck and buck-boost converter. The systems in
literature require passive input filters to remove the high frequency current harmonics
injected into wind turbine generators. The harmonic content in the generator current
decreases its lifespan and increases the power loss due to heating. In this paper, an alternative
multi-input rectifier structure is proposed for hybrid wind/solar energy systems.

Objectives :
In Remote areas implementing power systems units at each apartment.
Multistoried buildings
Homes, schools.
Street lightings covering a large area.
Off grid applications.
Solar water heaters. Electric kettles solar vehicles
Traffic signaling and in many applications.

Methodology:
The major building blocks of this project:

1. Microcontroller.

2. Solar panel with the solar tracking.

3. Wind mill.

4. Battery & inverter.

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 Softwares used:
PIC Kit 2 programmer for dumping code into Microcontroller.

Block diagram

LDR1 Signal
Conditioning
LDR2 Circuit

LDR3

Microcontroller
Pic16f877 Relay Driver Relay
Potential
Solar Panel Divider

Voltage
Follower CFL Light

Dc to Dc
Wind (DC
Convertor
Motor)

LCD

12V/7Ah
Battery

7805 Regulator

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Block diagram description:

PIC Microcontroller Board:

This is the board which contains PIC Microcontroller Chip as well as the clock Circuitry,
Reset Circuit and Power Supply for the Microcontroller.

Flame Sensor: An LDR is used as a flame Sensor. And the output is given to a Digital
input of the Controller. So when the Flame is sensed we can give alarm +Visual Indication
and immediately transfer the Message to a nearby Fire Station.

Relay: Relays are electromagnetic switches used as protective devices, indicating devices
and as transmitting devices. Protective relay protect good component from the effects of the
circuit components that have failed. Transmission relay are used in communication systems.
Indicating relay may be used to identify a component which has failed.

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Solar: Solar power is energy captured from the sun. The tremendous energy discharged by
the sun each day is harnessed using various solar technologies available today. Solar energy
systems can be either active or passive.

Wind Energy: Wind energy has been used for pumping water and milling grain for
hundreds of years. More recently, wind energy has also been used for electricity generation.
Developing countries can take advantage of wind power on a small scale, both for irrigation
(wind pumps) and for generation of electricity (wind generators).

Dc motor: Although motor gives 60 RPM at 12V but motor runs smoothly from 4V to 12V
and gives wide range of RPM, and torque, 60RPM Centre Shaft Economy Series DC Motor
is high quality low cost DC geared motor.

Specifications of Dc motor:
DC supply: 4 to 12V

RPM: 60 at 12V

Total length: 46mm

Motor diameter: 36mm

Motor length: 25mm

Brush type: Precious metal

Gear head diameter: 37mm

Gear head length: 21mm

Output shaft: Centered

Shaft diameter: 6mm

Shaft length: 22mm

Gear assembly: Spur

Motor weight: 105gms

Conclusions:
Reaching the non electrified rural population is currently not possible through the extension
of the grid, since the connection is neither economically feasible, nor encouraged by the main
actors. Further, the increases in oil prices and the unbearable impacts of this energy source on

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the users and on the environment, are slowly removing conventional energy solutions, such
as fuel genset based systems, from the rural development agendas.Therefore, infrastructure
investments in rural areas have to be approached with cost competitive, reliable and efficient
tools in order to provide a sustainable access to electricity and to stimulate development.
Renewable energy sources are currently one of the most, if not the only, suitable option to
supply electricity in fragmented areas or at certain distances from the grid. Indeed, renewable
are already contributing to the realization of important economic, environmental and social
objectives by the enhancement of security of energy supply, the reduction of Green house
gases and other pollutants and by the creation of local employment which leads to the
improvement of general social welfare and living conditions.Hybrid systems have proved to
be the best option to deliver high quality community energy services to rural areas at the
lowest economic cost, and with maximum social and environmental benefits. Indeed, by
choosing renewable energy, developing countries can stabilize their CO2 emissions while
increasing consumption through economic growth.

Scope for future work:

India ranks fifth in the world in wind power generation at 9600 MW. The coastal region and
some parts of Gujarat and Rajasthan in India witness very favourable wind regime, and
therefore, the wind power development in these areas has been significant. For commercial
exploitation of wind energy, wind velocity at a site should be more than 6 meter per second
and corresponding wind power density more than 200 watt per meter sq. In Northern India
such high wind velocities are found only on high hilly regions where installation of large
scale wind power projects is itself not feasible due to lack of infrastructure. Haryana has a
very limited sub mountainous region on the foot hills of the Shivalik range in the northern
part of the State and in south Haryana there are mainly the Arawali hills.Wind monitoring
carried out by Haryana Renewable Energy Development Agency (HAREDA) through Centre
for Wind Energy Technology(CWET) during 1998-99, indicated that the wind velocity at
Morni(Panchkula) and Abheypur (Gurgaon) at 25 meter above ground level was 14.9-20.9
kmph and 12.5-17.12 kmph for for considerably long period in a year. Promoting wind
energy in Haryana was a real challenge with technological barriers in such low wind speed
areas. It was then mooted that Haryana should go for a small wind energy system which
requires average wind velocity of 4 m/s. The idea to utilise the wind-solar power potential of
the Morni Hills area adjoining Himachal Pradesh was conceived keeping in view the

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availability of good solar insolation levels( approx.500 W/m2) supplemented by fairly good
wind speeds required for small wind hybrid projects. Sun & wind normally complement each
other with sun energy being available for the period when wind energy is comparatively low
and vice-versa. Thus the combination of sun and wind provided an ideal solution. HAREDA
then invited tenders for the project.

The wind-solar project had been installed by the Haryana Renewable Energy Development
Agency(HAREDA) in November 2008 at a cost of Rs 34 lakh with financial assistance from
the Union Ministry of New and Renewable Energy(MNRE). The power plant has 6.6 kW
power generation from wind energy and 3.4 kW power generation from solar. The power so
generated is being supplied to 24 houses of Chakli and Ramsar villages for two lights, one
fan and six street lights.

The hybrid power plant has been generating 12 units of electricity per day on an average
basis and sometimes when the wind velocity is high, the power generated is about 30 units
per day. The average cost of generation power in this mode comes out to be about Rs. 15/-
per unit. The plant has generated about 2865 units of electricity in one year. The villagers are
contributing Rs.50/- per month towards energy charges and are enjoying 24x7 electricity.
The power availability in these villages has increased from about 50% to 100%. i.e; form 7-
12 hours in the pre project scenario to 24 hours in the post project period.
The project has been an exciting learning experience for HAREDA while successfully
demonstrating solar wind hybrid power generation technology on the ground. It has also had
a significant spread effect in terms of creating a demand for renewable energy projects
among local inhabitants, that too, in an ecologically sensitive zone like the Morni hills