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From www.bloodjournal.org by guest on May 24, 2017. For personal use only.
DOHLE BODIES AND PLATELET ABNORMALITY 661
groups. Unfortunately the patients mother had no living relatives; therefore,
search for
other affected members vvas not possible.
Histochemical studies: To characterize further the Dhle bodies,
peripheral blood smears
were submitted to a number of special stains. Aside from a positive reaction
for ribo-
nuclec acid with methyl-green pyronine, stains for lipid (Sudan Black),
mucopolysac-
charide (Periodic Acid-Schiff), and desoxyribonucleic acid (Feulgen) were
negative.
To test the dual hypothesis that the Dhle bodies might represent
phagocytosed platelet
material and that the patients plasma contained a factor responsible for it,
the patients
leukocyte-free plasma was incubated with a suspensin of fresh normal white
cells and
platelets at 37 C. Wright-stained smears examined at periodic intervals for
12 hours
failed to reveal the presence of Dhle bodies or other phagocytosed partiles
in the normal
white blood cells.
Tlie mothers prothrombin consumption time and bleeding time were
normal.
Peripheral smears of 161 patients with thrombocytopenia that had been
seen at the
Childrens Hospital Medical Center in the past 5 years were carefully
reviewed and in
none were Dhle bodies seen.
DISCUSSION
This is the fourth report showing the familial nature of the May-Hegglin
anomaly. Our patient fulfills the criteria for classification as an example of
the May-Hegglin anomaly with Dhle bodies in her leukocytes in association
with giant platelets continuously for a period of 6 months in the absence of
severe infection or other known underlying cause. In addition, two members
of her family have also been found to have this anomaly on repeated
examina-
tions.
Dhle bodies are usually 1-2 fi in diameter (fig. 2). There is generally only
one in a cell but occasionally there may be more. There is no consistent
localiza-
tion within any particular area of the cytoplasm. With Wrights stain they
appear sky blue in color and are easily visible against the pinkish-gray cyto-
plasmic background. They are amorphous in shape but tend to be circular or
elliptical in outline.
The Dhle bodies are negative with fat and glycogen stains but appear
red
after staining with methyl-green pyronine, suggesting that they have a large
ribonucleic acid content. It has been demonstrated8,12 that after the cells are
incubated with ribonuclease the Dhle bodies no longer stain with the pyro-
nine, confirming that they are composed of ribonucleic acid. This has
suggested
that they represent areas of the cytoplasm that have failed to mature. Dhle
bodies may be observed in the myelocytes, metamyelocytes, band forms,
neutrophilic leukocytes, eosinophils and basophils. They are most easily and
most consistently seen in the neutrophilic leukocytes.
The platelets in the May-Hegglin anomaly show marked variations in size
and shape. Cigar-shaped and elliptical-shaped forms are common although
the
large round forms predomnate (fig. 3). Normal platelets may be as large as
4 /x in diameter15 while platelets as large as 15 /x have been observed8 in
this
condition. Although it is common to see large and bizarre platelet forms in
We are grateful to Dr. John Craig, Pathologist, Boston Lying-in Hospital,
for his
kind assjstance in the performance of these tests,
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662 OSKI, NAIMAN, ALLEN AND DIAMOND
idiopathic thrombocytopenic States, the platelets in this condition are even
more striking. However, the size of the platelets in our family was not as
strik-
ing as that reported by others.** In addition, the platelets show uneven and
scant granulation, with eccentrically placed hyalomeres.
Including the present report, four families with the May-Hegglin anomaly
have been described. In addition, three isolated cases have also been re-
ported.0lft*11 Table 2 summarizes the data in all cases reported to date.
From our data and that of Hegglin, Wassmuth, and Petz, it appears that
this ancmaly follows an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance.
We agree with Davidscn10 that the patient reported by Leitner10 probably
dees nct represent a true case of the syndrcme inasmuch as the patient was
acutely ill with an apparent septicemia that was accompanied by thrombocy-
topenia, a hemolytic anemia and an apparent leukemoid reaction. No
autopsy
was performed and no family members were found to have this anomaly
when
studied. Since Dohle bodies may appear in toxic States, their presence in the
patient described by Leitner is not surprising and does not in itself constitute
sufficient evidence for including this patient with the others who have been
demonstrated to have the anomaly permanently.
Excluding the report of Leitner from the tabulation, it is noted that nine of
the 24 cases reported have had thrombocytopenia in association with their
morphologic abnormality. Although no member of the kindred reported by
Wassmuth was found to have thrombocytopenia at the time of study, the
possibility, as shown in our patient, that this is transitory in nature and was
not evident at the time of their examinations cannot be excluded. In
Hegglins
family all members had thrombocytopenia; in Wassmuths there was none.
It is of interest that in our family one member, the patient, has had thrombo-
cytopenia and two do not. The exact reason for this variable but increased
incidence of thrombocytopenia in this condition is not apparent but there are
several theoretical possibilities. The first is that the syndrome consists of
Dohle bodies, giant platelets, and thrombocytopenia, and that there is
variable
expressivity of the latter in different families. An alternative explanation is
that the abnormal platelet morphology refleets a disturbance of
megakaryocyte
or platelet metabolism which under the stress of ill-defined trigger factors,
such as infections, drugs, or toxins, results in thrombocytopenia.
We wish to thank Dr. R. Sheets for supplying us with slides from his
family with the
May-Hegglin anomaly.
Fig. 2.Pal blue Dohle body in cvtoplasm of neutrophil of patient with
the
May-Hegglin anomaly (peripheral smear, Wright stain).
Fig. 3.Giant platelet in peripheral blood smear of patient with the Mav-
Hegglin anomaly. (Similar abnormal platelets were present in the affected
relatives
who had normal platelet counts.)
Fig. 4.For contrast, a neutrophil from a patient with the Chedik-Higashi
svndrome, showing several large irregular cvtoplasmic inclusions. (The
tvpical slate-
green color is appreciated better in the original blood smears.) (Peripheral
smear,
Wright stain.)
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DOHLE BODIES AND PLATELET ABNORMALITY
663
Figs. 2-4.See legends, facing page.
Oski, F., et al. 6 f prese present 1,000- severe presently patients moth
1962 nt 220,000 purpura thrombocy and brother
- affected; bo
topenic well
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DHLE BODIES AND PLATELET ABNORMAUTY 665
FAMILY PEDIGREE
Of the many leukocytic anomalies that have been described, the only one
that might be confused with the May-Hegglin anomaly is that seen in the
Chedik-Higashi syndrome.1'*14 However, when blood smears from the two
conditions are compared, the morphologic and staining differences between
the two types of granulocytic inclusions are readily apparent (figs. 2 and 4).
In the Chedik-Higashi anomaly (fig. 4) the cytoplasm of the neutrophilic
leukocytes contains numerousl;i 15 giant, coarse granules that appear
refractile
and stain greenish-gray with Wright s stain. Some of the lymphocytes contain
inclusions as well, generally single and staining red or the color of the
nuclear
chromatin. The granules of the eosinophils have been described as giant in
size. Platelet morphology is generally normal but thrombocytopenia may de-
velop terminally.
The clinical picture in the two conditions is also quite dissimilar. In the
May-Hegglin anomaly the patient is generally well, while patients with the
Chedik-Higashi anomaly may have repeated pyogenic infections, photo-
phobia, pal optic fund, excessive sweating, disturbances of pigmentation,
hepatosplenomegaly, lymphadenopathy, and generally die from this poorly
understood condition.
At present, one can only speculate on the relationship between the abnor-
mal platelet morphology and the development of thrombocytopenia in the
May-Hegglin anomaly. Although this anomaly may easily be overlooked in
the clinically well patient, it appears more than coincidence that 9 of 24
cases described to date had thrombocytopenia in association with their
anomaly. The relationship between the Dohle bodies and the platelet defect
is equally obscure.
All patients with thrombocytopenic purpura should be examined for this
anomaly. Although this defect is apparently rare, with further observations
it is hoped that this anomaly will be better defined as to incidence, course,
and prognosis. In addition, family studies are worthwhile in all such patients.
SlJMMARY
A six-year-old girl with thrombocytopenia was found to have the May-
Hegglin anomaly, consisting of Dohle bodies in the leukocytes in association
From www.bloodjournal.org by guest on May 24, 2017. For personal use only.
666
OSKI, NAIMAN, ALLEN AND DIAMOND
with giant platelets. This was also observed in the patients mother and
brother
who had normal platelet counts. The familial nature of this anomaly is again
confirmed, and the world literature reviewed. Its morphologic and clinical
features are contrasted with those seen in the leukocytes of the Chedik-
Higashi anomaly.
SUMMARIO IN INTERLINGUA
Esseva trvate que un puera de sex annos de etate con thrombocytopenia
habeva le anormalitate de May-Hegglin, consistente de corpores de Dhle
in le leucocytos in association con plachettas gigante. Isto esseva etiam ob-
srvate in le matre e le fratre del patiente le quales habeva normal numera-
tiones plachettal. Se corrobora le natura familial de iste anormalitate. Le
pertinente litteratura mundial es revstate. Le characteristicas morphologic e
clinic del condition es contrstate con dios vidite in le leucocytos del anor-
malitate de Chedik-Higashi.
ADDENDUM
At present (September 1962) the patient is clinically very well. Her plate-
let count is 240,000/mm.3 The hydrocortisone was discontinued in June.
REFERENCES
1. Dhle, V.: Leukoeyteneinschlusse bei
Scharlach. Zentralbl. Bakt. 61:63,
1911.
2.Kolmer, J. A.: Leucocytic inclusin
boches with special reference to
scarlet fever. Am. J. Dis. Child. 4:1,
1912.
3.McEwen, W.: An investigaron con-
cerning Dhles leucocytic inclusin
bodies in scarlet fever and other
diseases. J. Path. & Bact. 18:456,
1913-1914.
4. Bachman, R. W., and Lucke, B. H.:
The differential blood count, the
Arneth formula and Dhles [sic] in-
clusin bodies in pulmonary tuber-
culosis. N. Y. J. Med. 107:492, 1918.
5. Weiner, W., and Topley, E.: Dhle
bodies in the leukocytes of patients
with bums. J. Clin. Path. 8:324, 1955.
6.May, R.: Leukoeyteneinschlusse.
Deutsches Arch. klin. Med. 96:1,
1909.
7.Hegglin, R.: Simultaneous constitutional
changes in neutrophils and platelets.
Helvet. med. acta 12:439, 1945.
8. Wassmuth, D. R., DeGroote, B. A.,
Hamilton, H. E., and Sheets, R. F.:
An anomaly of granulocytes and
platelets: A newly established hered-
itary entity. J. Lab. & Clin. Med. 58:
969, 1961 (abstract).
9. Cohn, P., and Gardner, F. H.: The
thrombocytopenic effect of sustained
high dosage prednisone therapy in
thrombocytopenic purpura. New Eng-
land J. Med. 265:611, 1961.
10. Leitner, S. J., Neumark, E., and Heeres,
P. A.: Panmyclopathy with Dhle
bodies, thrombocytopenia and eryth-
roblastosis (Hegglins syndrome).
Acta haemat. 11:321, 1954.
11. Scholer, V. H., Im Hof, H., and Schns,
M.: Beobachtungen an einem weiter-
en Trager der May-Hegglinschen
Anomalie der Leukocyten und Blut-
plttchen. Schweiz. med. Wchnschr.
44:1269, 1960.
12. Hansson, H., Linell, F., Nilsson, L. R.,
Sderhjelm, L., and Undritz, E.: Foha
haemat. N. S. 3:152, 1959, cited by
Davidson, W.: Inherited variations
in leucocytes. Brit. M. Bull. 17:190,
1961.
13. Chedik, M.: Nouvelle anomalie leuco-
cytaire de caractre constitutionnel
et familial. Rev. hmat. 7:362, 1952.
14. Donohue, W. L., and Bain, H. W.:
From www.bloodjournal.org by guest on May 24, 2017. For personal use only.
DOHLE BODIES AND PLATELET ABNORMALITY
Chedik-Higashi syndrome: A lethal
familial disease with anomalous in- 16.
clusions in the leukocytes and con-
stitntional stigmata: Report of a case
with necropsy. Pediatrics 20:416, 17.
1957.
15. Wintrobe, M. M.: Clinical Hematology,
5th ed., Philadelphia, Lea & Febiger,
667
1961, p. 224.
Davidson, W.: Inherited variations in
leukocytes. Brit. M. Bull. 17:190,
1961.
Petz, A., Smith, I., and Nelson, N.: The
May-Hegglin anomaly: A study of
three cases. Clin. Res. 8:215, 1960
(abstract).
Frank A. Oski, M.D., Trainee in Pediatric Hematology, Chilr
drens Hospital Medical Center, Boston, Mass.
Donald M. Alien, M.D., Instructor in Pediatrics, Harvard
Medical School; Associate Physician, Childrens Hospital Med-
ical Center, Boston, Mass.
Lotiis K. Diamond, M.D., Associate Professor of Pediatrics,
Harvard Medical School, and Director, Hematology Research
Laboratories, Childrens Hospital Medical Center, Boston,
Mass.
J. Lawrence Naiman, M.D., Trainee in Pediatric Hematology,
Childrens Hospital Medical Center, Boston, Mass.
From www.bloodjournal.org by guest on May 24, 2017. For personal use only.
1962 20: 657-667
Leukocytic InclusionsDohle BodiesAssociated with Platelet
Abnormality (The May-Hegglin Anomaly): Report of a Fami1y and Review of
the Literature
FRANK A. OSKI, J. LAWRENCE NAIMAN, DONALD M. ALLEN and LOUIS K.
DIAMOND