Faculty Of Engineering

Mechanical Engineering

ME 425
Microcontroller Structure

Dr. Laith Sawaqed

UNDERGRADUATE PROGRAM
Fall Semester
2016
 What is a Microcontroller?

www.mikroe.com/chapters/view/1

A small computer on a single chip

containing a processor, memory, and input/output
Typically "embedded" inside some device that they control
A microcontroller is often small and low cost.
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 Microcontroller Internal Structure

http://www.electronicshub.org/pic-microcontroller-architecture/

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 What is a Microcontroller?

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 What is a Development Board?
A printed circuit board designed
to facilitate work with a particular
microcontroller.

Typical components include:

power circuit
programming interface
basic input; usually buttons and LEDs
I/O pins
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 Why Arduino?
Easy to use platform
Ease of programming
Simple USB interface
Modifiable IDE
Many shields available

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 The Many Flavors of Arduino:

Many Flavors of Arduino

Arduino Uno
Arduino Leonardo
Arduino LilyPad
Arduino Mega
Arduino Nano
Arduino Mini
Arduino Mini Pro
Arduino BT
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 Arduino-like Systems:

Cortino (ARM)
Xduino (ARM)
LeafLabs Maple (ARM)
BeagleBoard (Linux)
Wiring Board (Arduino predecessor)
ChipKit Uno32/Max32
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 Arduino Add-ons (Shields):

TFT Touch Screen

Data logger
Motor/Servo shield
Ethernet shield
Audio wave shield
Cellular/GSM shield
WiFi shield
Proto-shield
...many more

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 Components of the Arduino:
ATMega168/328
16MHz crystal/filtering
capacitors
Onboard power
regulators
FTDI USB <-> Serial
Chip
Hardware

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 Where to Get an Arduino
Board:
Purchase from online
vendor (available
worldwide)
Sparkfun
Adafruit
DFRobot

... or build your own

PC board
Solderless breadboard http://itp.nyu.edu/physcomp/Tutorials/ArduinoBreadboard

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 Schematic

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 Necessary parts for any circuit
ATMega168/328
The brain of the
Arduino
Program is loaded onto
the chip
Runs main loop until
power is removed
Thats it! All other parts
are optional!

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 Optional parts: Timing
16Mhz Crystal
The heartbeat of the
ATMega chip
Speed of crystal
determines chip speed
Possible to
over/underclock
depending on application
ATMega series has
onboard oscillator; less
precise

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 Power Supply
5 Volt and 3.3 Volt
Regulators
Filtering capacitors
Automatic switching
between external and
USB Power
Leave it out if you have
a filtered 5 Volt power
supply

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 FTDI USB Chip
Allows your Arduino to
communicate with your
computer over a simple
USB link
Abstraction
Only necessary for
communicating with
USB

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 Hardware
Circuit Board
Headers
USB port
Sockets
All optional, use them
if you need them

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 The Arduino Development Board

Input voltage: 7-12 V (USB, DC plug, or Vin)

Max output current per pin: 40 mA
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 The Arduino Microcontroller:
Atmel ARV Atmega 328

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 How to work with Arduino?

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Mechanical Engineering
 Two methods of using the
Arduino
Working with the Prototyping with the
Arduino to solve a Arduino to solve a need
problem Preparing a product for
Temporary solution market
One time only Mass production

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 Phases of Circuit Design
Arduino Approach Stand-alone approach
Idea Idea
Sketch Sketch
Read datasheets Read datasheets
Gather materials Gather materials
Prototype Prototype
Testing Testing
Optional ----------------> Refining
Testing
Release to manufacture

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 Getting Started
Check out: http://arduino.cc/en/Guide/HomePage

1. Download & install the Arduino environment (Integrated

Development Environment = IDE)
2. Connect the board to your computer via the UBS cable
3. If needed, install the drivers (not needed in lab)
4. Launch the Arduino IDE
5. Select your board
6. Select your serial port
7. Open the blink example
8. Upload the program
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 Try It: Connect the USB Cable

www.todbot.com/blog/bionicarduino
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 Elements of the Arduino IDE:

Text editor
syntax and keyword
Coloring
Automatic indentation
Programming shortcuts

Compiler

Hardware Interface
Uploading programs
Communicating with
Arduino via USB

See: http://arduino.cc/en/Guide/Environment for more information

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 Elements of the Arduino IDE:

Text editor
syntax and keyword
Coloring
Automatic indentation
Programming shortcuts

Compiler

Hardware Interface
Uploading programs
Communicating with
Arduino via USB

See: http://arduino.cc/en/Guide/Environment for more information

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 Select Serial Port and Board:

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 Status Messages:

www.todbot.com/blog/bionicarduino
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 Using the Arduino IDE:

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 Arduino Reference:

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 Arduino Sketch Structure:

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 Uploading and Running the
Blink Sketch:

Compile, then upload the program

Congratulations! you are now blinkers!
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 www.todbot.com/blog/bionicarduino
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 Creating and Saving a Sketch:
Now connect your own LED

http://www.wikipedia.org/ Notes:
Resistor is needed to limit current
Resistor and LED may be interchanged (but
polarity of LED is important)
Pin 13 is special: has built-in resistor and LED
Change program and upload
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 Creating and Saving a Sketch:
Using the Breadboard

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 Creating and Saving a Sketch:
Now connect your own LED

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 Assignment # 2:

Change the blink rate

how fast can the LED blink (before you can no
longer perceive the blinking?)

How would you make the LED dimmer?

(...without changing the resistor?)

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