Nepenthes jacquelineae

Nepenthes jacquelineae /npniz dklni.a/ is a

tropical pitcher plant endemic to Sumatra. Due to its
unique pitcher morphology, it is considered to be one
of the most spectacular Nepenthes species native to the
island.[1]

1 Botanical history

Nepenthes jacquelineae was discovered in July 2000 by plants with lower pitchers of various colours
Charles Clarke and Troy Davis. The plants were found
north of Bukittinggi, West Sumatra, growing at an ele- Leaves are sessile to sub-petiolate and have a coriaceous
vation of around 1700 m. The formal description of N. texture. The lamina is ovate-spathulate in form and grows
jacquelineae was published in Clarkes 2001 monograph, to 20 cm in length and 6 cm in width. Three longitudinal
Nepenthes of Sumatra and Peninsular Malaysia.[note a][1] veins are present on either side of the midrib together with
Two collections of plant material were made on July numerous pinnate veins. Tendrils are up to 30 cm long.[1]
13, 2000. The herbarium specimen Clarke, Davis & Rosette and lower pitchers are relatively small, rarely be-
Tamin 1307 was designated as the holotype of N. jacque- ing more than 6 cm high and 4 cm wide. They are
lineae. It consists of two sheets from two dierent infundibular throughout and may or may not have fringed
plants: a portion of a climbing stem with an upper wings. They bear a wide, attened peristome (10 mm
pitcher and a mature female inorescence; and an im- wide) which is contracted in the middle. Ribs are barely
mature rosette with lower pitchers and a male inores- discernible, except at the front of the peristome. Terres-
cence. The isotype Clarke, Davis & Tamin 1307, col- trial pitchers have ovate lids. Small, circular nectar glands
lected at the same time as the holotype, consists of a sin- (0.5 mm wide) are concentrated on the underside of the
gle sheet with a fragment of a sterile climbing stem bear- lid near its apex. Several very large raised glands (1
ing two upper pitchers. Both specimens are deposited at mm wide) are also present. An unbranched spur (5 mm
the Herbarium of Andalas University (ANDA).[1] A third long) is inserted at the base of the lid.[1]
specimen, Nepenthes Team NP 384, is also deposited at
the herbarium.[2]
The species is named after Charles Clarkes wife, Jacque-
line Clarke.[1]

2 Description

Nepenthes jacquelineae is a climbing plant. The stem,

which is usually less than 5 mm thick, grows to 5 A
m in length and is cylindrical-angular in cross section. lower pitcher of the red form of N. jacquelineae (left)
Internodes are up to 10 cm long.[1]

1
2 4 CARNIVORY

and an upper pitcher with typical colouration (right) ically, it is known only from the Indonesian province of
West Sumatra. It usually occurs as an epiphyte, but also
Upper pitchers are much larger, growing up to 15 cm high grows terrestrially. The species has an altitudinal
[1][3]
distri-
and 10 cm wide. Wings are reduced to ribs that run down bution of 17002200 m above sea level.
the front of the pitcher. The greatly expanded peristome The typical habitat of N. jacquelineae is dense mossy for-
may reach 3.5 cm in width in aerial pitchers. The lid does est, which is almost constantly shrouded in fog and ex-
not cover the mouth completely, being narrowly ovate. It periences daily rainfall. As a result, humidity levels are
is up to 5 cm long and 2 cm wide. The crater-like glands always high and the climate is cool. Plants are exposed
on the underside of the lid may be up to 1.5 mm wide. to relatively low light levels, as sunlight is diused by fog
These glands are so large that they are visible as swellings and vegetation.
on the upper surface of the lid. The spur is simple and up The species is relatively common at the type locality, al-
to 1 cm long. Pitchers range in colour from light green to though few seedlings and young plants have been ob-
dark purple throughout and may be lightly speckled. The served there. This suggests that recruitment rates of this
most common form of this species has green pitchers with species may be low or episodic. In addition, the spectac-
a red peristome.[1] ular appearance of N. jacquelineae makes its wild popu-
Nepenthes jacquelineae has a racemose inorescence. In lations particularly vulnerable to overcollection.[1]
male plants, the peduncle is up to 12 cm long and the Nepenthes jacquelineae is not listed on the IUCN Red List
rachis up to 20 cm long, whereas in female plants the pe- of Threatened Species. In 2001, Charles Clarke uno-
duncle is up to 20 cm long and the rachis up to 10 cm long. cially evaluated its conservation status as Data Decient
The rachis bears one- or two-owered partial peduncles. based to the IUCN criteria.[1]
Sepals are ovate-lanceolate, up to 7 mm long, and 4 mm
wide. Each male inorescence bears approximately 100
owers, whereas each female inorescence bears around
60 owers. Mature fruits are up to 2.5 cm long.[1] 4 Carnivory
The stem and leaves of N. jacquelineae are glabrous
throughout. The outer surfaces of the pitchers are cov-
ered with short, white stellate hairs. Developing pitcher
buds are densely covered with simple, red-brown hairs,
most of which are lost as the pitcher develops, with
the exception of those on the spur. Female inores-
cences usually have a denser indumentum than male
inorescences.[1]

Upper
pitchers of N. jacquelineae growing in upper montane
forest
An intermediate pitcher with a snail visible in the pitcher uid

Like most Nepenthes species, N. jacquelineae is primar-

ily insectivorous, although it does occasionally catch other
3 Ecology types of invertebrates. The pitcher uid of N. jacquelin-
eae is extremely viscous and coats the pitcher walls. It
Nepenthes jacquelineae is endemic to the Barisan Moun- has been suggested that the pitchers of this species func-
tains that line the western side of Sumatra. More specif- tion not only as pitfall traps but also as ypaper traps,
 3

with the sticky inner walls trapping ying insects above 5 Related species
the surface of the uid.[4] Indeed, this trapping method
is employed by the closely related N. inermis, which also Nepenthes jacquelineae is thought to be most closely re-
produces highly viscous pitcher uid.[1] lated to N. ava,[5] N. inermis,[1] N. jamban,[2] N. ta-
Aerial pitchers of N. jacquelineae are often lled with langensis,[1] and N. tenuis.[1] It shares with these species
rainwater, which, together with the pitcher uid, occu- features such as infundibulate pitchers which are wholly
pies two-thirds to three-quarters of the traps volume. glandular on their inner surfaces, bracteate inorescences,
Conversely, the much wider lids of lower pitchers pre- and sessile leaves. All of these Nepenthes produce very
vent rainwater from entering the pitchers and diluting the viscous pitcher uid.[2]
uid.[1] Most of the plants prey die as a result of drown- However, N. jacquelineae has a more robust growth
ing in this uid. habit and produces consideraby larger pitchers than these
The peristome is often darker than the pitcher cup and species. The shape of the pitcher cup is closest to N. ta-
it has been speculated that the pitchers of N. jacquelin- langensis (minus the peristome), whereas the lid resem-
eae may act as light traps. The contrast between the dark bles that of N. tenuis, although it is broader throughout
peristome and lighter-coloured mouth may serve to at- and contracted towards the base. N. jacquelineae can also
tract ying insects.[1] The pitchers of N. jacquelineae fre- be distinguished from N. tenuis by its ovate-spathulate
quently catch large ying insects such as blattid cock- leaf blade, as opposed to linear-lanceolate in the latter.[1]
roaches, bees, and moths.[1] The wide peristome may The large glands on the underside of the lid are unique
function as a kind of landing platform for such prey. among Sumatran Nepenthes species, and help to distin-
The unusually large glands on the underside of the lid pro- guish N. jacquelineae from related taxa. N. jamban also
duce copious amounts of nectar and likely lure insects possesses very large nectar glands (0.5 mm), but diers
into a precarious position over the pitcher mouth.[1] in having longer and one-owered partial peduncles, and
a narrower lid.[2]
The lower pitchers of this species are often embedded in
thick Sphagnum moss, allowing them to trap small terres- Nepenthes ava can be easily distinguished from N.
trial animals such as snails. jacquelineae on the basis of its ovate or oblong lid and
cylindrical peristome.[5]
The most characteristic feature of N. jacquelineae is its
greatly expanded peristome, which can be up to 3.5 cm
wide in upper pitchers. It is unusually smooth and only
has signicant ribs at the front where it is contracted.
This is in stark contrast to the closely related N. iner-
mis, which produces upper pitchers that lack a peristome
completely.[1] The only other species with a similarly ex-
panded peristome is N. platychila from Borneo, although
the two taxa are not otherwise related.[6][7]

6 Natural hybrids

The wide peristome of N. jacquelineae distinguishes it from its

closest relatives

rosette plant (left) and a lower pitcher (right) of N. izu-

miae N. jacquelineae
4 9 EXTERNAL LINKS

In the wild, N. jacquelineae often occurs sympatrically [2] Lee, C.C., Hernawati & P. Akhriadi 2006. Two new
species of Nepenthes (Nepenthaceae) from North Suma-
tra. Blumea 51(3): 561568.

[3] McPherson, S.R. & A. Robinson 2012. Field Guide to

the Pitcher Plants of Sumatra and Java. Redfern Natural
History Productions, Poole.

[4] Rice, B. 2007. Carnivorous plants with hybrid trapping

strategies. Carnivorous Plant Newsletter 36(1): 2327.

[5] Wistuba, A., J. Nerz & A. Fleischmann 2007. Nepenthes

ava, a new species of Nepenthaceae from the northern
part of Sumatra. Blumea 52(1): 159163.

[6] Lee, C.C. 2002. Nepenthes platychila (Nepenthaceae), a

new species of pitcher plant from Sarawak, Borneo. The
Gardens Bulletin Singapore 54: 257-261.

[7] Clarke, C.M. & C.C. Lee 2004. Pitcher Plants of

Sarawak. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota
Kinabalu.

[8] McPherson, S.R. 2009. Pitcher Plants of the Old World.

2 volumes. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole.

[9] Wistuba, A. N.d. Strange hybrid with Nepenthes jacque-

lineae? Wistuba.com.

Hernawati & P. Akhriadi 2006. A Field Guide to

A putative natural hybrid between N. dubia and N. jacquelineae the Nepenthes of Sumatra. PILI-NGO Movement,
Bogor.
with N. izumiae. It is thus not surprising that it occasion-
ally hybridises with this species.[8] Pitchers of N. izumiae
N. jacquelineae are reddish in colour and are usually 9 External links
dominated by characteristics of N. jacquelineae.
Specimens of a putative natural cross between N. dubia Images of N. jacquelineae in its natural habitat
and N. jacquelineae have also been recorded.[8][9]

7 Notes

a.^ The original Latin description of N. jacque-

lineae reads:[1]

Nepenthi inermi similis, sed habitu robus-

tiore, peristomio lato expanso, operculo latiore
glandes pergrandes nectariferas ferenti diert.
Typus: Clarke, Davis & Tamin 1307 (holo,
ANDA, hic designatus), Sumatra, Sumatra
Barat, Bukit Barisan, north of Bukittinggi,
1700 m, 13 July 2000.

8 References
[1] Clarke, C.M. 2001. Nepenthes of Sumatra and Peninsular
Malaysia. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota
Kinabalu.
 5

10 Text and image sources, contributors, and licenses

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