International Journal of Advance Foundation And Research In Science & Engineering (IJAFRSE)

Volume 1, Issue 8, January 2015. Impact Factor: 1.036, Science Central Value: 10.33

Smart Agricultural System

Prof .Dheeraj Agrawal#1, Ashwini Khonde*2, Chetana Navsare#3, Snehal Patil* 4
Department of Electronics Engineering, DYPIET Pimpri Pune, Maharashtra, India
1 [email protected] , [email protected]

[email protected], [email protected]

ABSTRACT

In modern globalization, many technologists are trying to update a new development based on
automation which works very rigidly, high effectively and within short time period. The
progressive invention in agriculture system is becoming an important task especially because of
rising demand on quality of agriculture products and declining labour availability in rural
farming areas. The aim of the designed system is to seeding and sprinkling also temperature,
moisture, humidity checking. The set up consists of AVR and GSM,GSM serves as an important part
as it is responsible for controlling the field condition and sends them to the receiver through
coded signals. GSM operates through SMSes and is the link between AVR and centralized unit. AVR
is an advanced version of microcontroller and forms the heart of the system. This project is used
to find the exact field condition. GSM is used to inform the user about the exact field condition.
The information is given on user request in form of SMS. GSM modem can be controlled by
standard set of AT (Attention) commands. These commands can be used to control majority of the
functions of GSM modem.

Index Words AVR Microcontroller, GSM, Sensors, AT Commands, Centralized unit, Seeding and
Sprinkling.

I. INTRODUCTION

Atomized irrigation is an interesting application. Primarily for Real time atomization of Indian
agricultural system for providing the better impacts on the social environment.

AVR is the contemporary general purpose microcontroller in the embedded market used in industrial
level applications. GSM, as we know, is the most widely used mobile technology. Using a simple
Subscriber Identity Module (SIM), it has taken the world of mobile communication to new heights. It is
based on a simple architecture. Even with the introduction of new technologies like CDMA, GSM has
stood its strength due to its efficiency and simplicity.

In our project, we are basically concentrating on the applications such as:

To continuously monitor the soil moisture.

To continuously monitor the water level of well.
To check the temperature and humidity. so as to forecast the weather condition.

The system consists of a centralized unit, much like a mobile base station, consisting of the subscriber
number. This forms the link between the user and the device. The whole system functions in the form

44 | 2014, IJAFRSE All Rights Reserved www.ijafrse.org

 International Journal of Advance Foundation And Research In Science & Engineering (IJAFRSE)
Volume 1, Issue 8, January 2015. Impact Factor: 1.036, Science Central Value: 10.33

network being connected to the centralized unit as a Node. The centralized unit is connected to many
such nodes from/to which it receives or sends the data.

The user communicates with the centralized unit through SMS. The centralized unit communicates with
the system through SMS which will be received by the GSM with the help of the SIM card. The GSM sends
this data to AVR microcontroller. AVR also continuously receives the data from sensors in some form of
codes. After processing, this data is displayed on the LCD. The communication between various devices
takes place through RS232.

Thus in short whenever the system receives the activation command from the subscriber it checks all the
field conditions and gives a detailed feedback to the user and waits for another activation command to
start the motor. The motor is controlled by a simple manipulation in the internal structure of the starter.
The starter coil is indirectly activated by means of a transistorized relay circuit. once the motor is started,
a constant monitoring on soil moisture and water level is done & once the soil moisture is reached to
sufficient level the motor is automatically turned off & a massage is send to subscriber that the motor is
turned off.

A. Block Diagram

TEMPERATU MOTOR 1
RE SENSOR
S
MOTOR 2
HUMIDITY
SENSOR AVR
MICROCON
SOIL TROLLER GSM MODULE
MOISTURE
SENSOR

LCD
DTMF
MODULE

SEEDING SPRINKLER
MECHANISM MECHANISM

Figure 1. Block Diagram

B. System Description

In case of monitoring the soil moisture, we know that each crop requires different moisture level. We are
using a soil moisture sensor which is based on the principle of parallel capacitor. As we know that voltage
across the plates is inversely proportional to the dielectric medium. This principle is used to determine
45 | 2014, IJAFRSE All Rights Reserved www.ijafrse.org
 International Journal of Advance Foundation And Research In Science & Engineering (IJAFRSE)
Volume 1, Issue 8, January 2015. Impact Factor: 1.036, Science Central Value: 10.33

the soil moisture by measuring the dielectric constant of soil. This is then informed the centralized unit.
The centralized unit will send the message to the device. of that particular subscriber. The device waits
for a certain amount of default time for which it is programmed. When the user does not respond to the
centralized unit in default period the device continues monitoring the field parameters and keep on
sending automatically to the centralized unit. Using the database stored in AVR to the corresponding
moisture can be known by comparing the stored values and received. For reading the Temperature and
Humidity, here we are using two sensors, those devices gives little output voltages based on the
environmental condition.

II. SYSTEM ANALYSIS

A. Sensors

1. Temperature Sensor

The LM35 is an integrated circuit sensor that can be used to measure temperature with an electrical
output proportional to the temperature (in oC). It is used to measure temperature more accurately than a
using a thermistor. The sensor circuitry is sealed and not subject to oxidation. The LM35 generates a
higher output voltage than thermocouples and may not require that the output voltage be amplified. This
sensor is used to monitor surrounding temperature. It gives the idea about the increase or decrease in
the temperature of surrounding. If the temperature changes it is observed on LCD.

2. Humidity Sensor

Humidity is an expression of the amount of water vapour in air. It is an invisible gas that varies between
1 - 4% of our atmosphere by volume. SY-HS-220 sensor module converts relative humidity (30-90%RH)
to voltage and can be used in weather monitoring application. This sensor is used to monitor humidity i.e.
moisture present in the surrounding.

3. GSM

GSM (Global System for Mobile communication) is a digital mobile telephony system. With the help of
GSM module interfaced, we can send short text messages to the required authorities as per the
application. GSM module is provided by SIM uses the mobile service provider and send SMS to the
46 | 2014, IJAFRSE All Rights Reserved www.ijafrse.org
 International Journal of Advance Foundation And Research In Science & Engineering (IJAFRSE)
Volume 1, Issue 8, January 2015. Impact Factor: 1.036, Science Central Value: 10.33

respective authorities as per programmed. This technology enables the system a wireless system with no
specified range limits. GSM uses a variation of time division multiple access (TDMA) and is the most
widely used of the three digital wireless telephony technologies (TDMA, GSM, and CDMA). GSM digitizes
and compresses data, then sends it down a channel with two other streams of user data, each in its own
time slot. It operates at either the 900 MHz or 1800 MHz frequency band.

A GSM modem is a wireless modem that works with a GSM wireless network. Computers use AT
commands to control modems. Both GSM modems and dial-up modems support a common set of
standard AT commands. So we can use a GSM modem just like a dial-up modem.

The main difference between them is that a dial-up modem sends and receives data through a fixed
telephone line while a wireless modem sends and receives data through radio waves. GSM is one of the
most vital components in our set up since all the communication between the users and centralized unit
takes place through this modem. GSM communicates with ARM through I2C bus.

A GSM modem can be an external device or a PC Card. Typically, an external GSM modem is connected to
a computer through a serial cable or a USB cable. Like a GSM mobile phone, a GSM modem requires a SIM
card from a wireless carrier in order to operate.

B. At Commands Code

SEND A TEXT MESSAGE

Goal: Read a Text
AT+CMGF=1\r
Returns OK or ERROR
AT+CMGDA=DEL ALL
Delete all text
AT+CNMI=0,0
Disable unsolicited error code
AT+CMGR=1
Read Message #1
AT+CMGL=REC UNREAD
Read all received unread messages

C. LCD

LCD is used in a project to visualize the output of the application. We have used 16x2 LCD which
indicates 16 columns and 2 rows. So, we can write 16 characters in each line. So, total 32 characters we
can display on 16x2 LCD. LCD can also used in a project to check the output of different modules
interfaced with the microcontroller. Thus LCD plays a vital role in a project to see the output and to
debug the system module wise in case of system failure in order to rectify the problem.

D. AVR

The AVR ATmega16 is a low-power CMOS 8-bit microcontroller based on the AVR RISC architecture. By
executing powerful instructions in a single clock cycle, the ATmega16 achieves throughputs approaching
1MIPS per MHz, allowing the system designer to optimize power con-sumption versus processing speed.

E. DC Motor
47 | 2014, IJAFRSE All Rights Reserved www.ijafrse.org
 International Journal of Advance Foundation And Research In Science & Engineering (IJAFRSE)
Volume 1, Issue 8, January 2015. Impact Factor: 1.036, Science Central Value: 10.33

We are using three DC Motors ,two for controlling of ROBOT and one for DIGGING purpose.To drive this
MOTOR we are using L293D motor driver.

F. Seeding Mechanism

We are using this mechanism for Seeding purpose.This is connected to main buggy unit,It does not
required any motor for controlling.

G. Sprinkler Mechanism

This mechanism is used for Sprinkling purpose i,e To give sufficient water to field.This mechanism is also
connected to main buggy unit.

III. SOFTWARE DESIGN FLOW FOR THE PROPOSED SYSTEM

A simplified operational flow is shown in Fig.(a) shows the sensor unit.The sensor unit will sense
temperature, humidity and moisture from the remote place and send the data to microcontroller.

IV. ADVANTAGES

The main advantage of this project is in remote area where farmers home is far away from his farm. It
reduces human efforts as it is a robot its become very easy to operate it by mobile as a remote. In
hazardous area such as chemical & nuclear plant where human being cant stay for long time.

IV. FUTURE SCOPE

The future scope of the project is enhanced application wjth addition of the required feature like we can
interface peripherals like camera and pick and place arm. In the same manner one can exactly predict the
weather if the system is made to communicate with the nearer weather station through satellite
communication

V.CONCLUSION

48 | 2014, IJAFRSE All Rights Reserved www.ijafrse.org

 International Journal of Advance Foundation And Research In Science & Engineering (IJAFRSE)
Volume 1, Issue 8, January 2015. Impact Factor: 1.036, Science Central Value: 10.33

The system is designed for the betterment of farmers.The use of smart sensors based monitoring system
for agriculture have been used to increase the yield of crop by monitoring the environmental conditions
and providing information to observer. This project finds application in domestic agricultural field,in
civilian domain, this can be used to ensure faithful conditions of farm field, since we have the option of
finding out moisture level of soil,temperature and humidity in a particular area.From this conditions
farmer will give commands to robot for Digging,Seeding and Sprinkling.

VI. REFERANCES

[1] N. Shah and I. Das, Precision Irrigation Sensor Network Based Irrigation, a book on Problems,
Perspectives and Challenges of Agricultural Water Management, IIT Bombay, India, pp. 217232,
April 2008.

[2] Y. Kim, R. Evans and W. Iversen, Remote Sensing and Control of an Irrigation System Using
aDistributed Wireless Sensor Network, IEEETransactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, pp.
13791387, July 2008.

[3] Real-Time Atomization Of Agricultural Environment for Social Modernization of Indian

AgriculturalSystemMahesh M. Galgalikar, Dept of Electronics and Telecommunication Jawaharlal
Darda Institute Of Engineering & technology, Yavatmal , India. Volume 1 pp286-288, 2010.

[4] Sumit P. Goyal*, Dr. Archana Bhise Zigbee Based Real-Time Monitoring systemAgriculturaL
Environment, ** *(Department of Electronics & Telecommunication, SVKMs NMIMS University,
Mumbai) ** (Department of Electronics & Telecommunication, SVKMs NMIMS University,
Mumbai)Vol. 4, Issue 2( Version 6), February 2014

[5] Swarup S. Mathurkar, D. S. Chaudhari, A Review on Smart Sensors Based Monitoring System for
Agriculture, Volume-2, Issue-4, March, IJITEE 2013.

[6] B S, Ravishankara M N Shivaprasad, B N Shoba Design And Implementation Of Seeding And

Fertilizing Agriculture Robot 314th Sem M.Tech (VLSI Design & Embedded System),Department of
Electronics and communication EngineeringSapthagiri College of Engineering, Bangalore, 560057.

[7] www.gsmworld.com

[8] www.wikipedia.org/wiki/AVR_architecture

[9] www.wikipedia.org/wiki/AVR

[10] www.ieeeexplorer.com

AUTHORS PROFILE
Mr.DHEERAJ AGRAWALreceived his ME degree from Pune University Maharashtra,
India in 2014. He is an Assistant lecture ofElectronics & Telecommunication
Engineering, Pune.

49 | 2014, IJAFRSE All Rights Reserved www.ijafrse.org

 International Journal of Advance Foundation And Research In Science & Engineering (IJAFRSE)
Volume 1, Issue 8, January 2015. Impact Factor: 1.036, Science Central Value: 10.33

ASHWINI KHONDE is student in Pad Dr. D Y Patil Institute Of Engineering and

Technology Pimpri, Pune. I currently pursuing B.E. in Electronics Engineering from
Savitribai Phule Pune University. Her areas of Interests are Image Processing, Embedded
System and Digital Signal Processing.

CHETANA NAVSARE is student in Pad Dr. D Y Patil Institute Of

Engineering and Technology Pimpri, Pune. I currently pursuing B.E. in Electronics
Engineering from Savitribai Phule Pune University. Her areas of Interests are Image
Processing, Embedded System and Digital Signal Processing.

SNEHAL PATIL is student in Pad Dr. D Y Patil Institute Of Engineering and Technology
Pimpri, Pune. I currently pursuing B.E. in Electronics Engineering from Savitribai
Phule Pune University. Her areas of Interests are Image Processing, Embedded System
and Digital Signal Processing.

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