Servo Voltage Stabilizer Using Atmega Controller For Aerospace Application

SERVO VOLTAGE STABILIZER USING ATMEGA
CONTROLLER FOR AEROSPACE APPLICATION

A PROJECT REPORT
Submitted by
KALAIMAGAL.E (813413105012)
MANIMEGALAI.S (813413105014)
SATHYA.M (813413105024)
In partial fulfillment for the award of the
degree of
BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
in
ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
ROEVER COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING &

TECHNOLOGY, PERAMBALUR-621 220
ANNA UNIVERSITY :: CHENNAI - 600 025
APRIL 2017
ANNA UNIVERSITY :: CHENNAI 600 025
BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE
Certified that this Project report SERVO VOLTAGE STABILIZER

USING ATMEGA CONTROLLER FOR AEROSPACE APPLICATION
is the bonafide work of KALAIMAGAL.E, MANIMEGALAI.S
and SATHYA.M who carried out the Project work under my Supervision.
SIGNATURE SIGNATURE
Prof. G.ANBALAGAN, M.E.,(Ph.D)., Mr. T.SENTHIL KUMAR, M.E.,

HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT SUPERVISOR
Electrical & Electronics Engineering, Assistant Professor,
Roever College of Engineering & Electrical &Electronics Engineering
Technology , Roever College Of Engineering &
Perambalur- 621 220. Technology,
Perambalur- 621 220.
Project submitted by KALAIMAGAL.E, MANIMEGALAI.S and

SATHYA.M for the project Examination held at Roever College of Engineering
th
and Technology, perambalur-621220, held on 06 APRIL 2017
INTERNAL EXAMINER EXTERNAL EXAMINER


is the bonafide work of KALAIMAGAL.E, MANIMEGALAI.S and
SATHYA.M who carried out the Project work under my Supervision.
SIGNATURE SIGNATURE

Engineering Technology , Roever College Of Engineering &
Project submitted KALAIMAGAL.E, MANIMEGALAI.S and

SATHYA.M for the project Examination held at Roever College of
th
Engineering and Technology, perambalur-621220 held on 06 APRIL 2017


SIGNATURE SIGNATURE
Prof. G.ANBALAGAN, M.E.,(Ph.D)., Mr.T.SENTHIL KUMAR , M.E.,


SATHYA,M for the project Examination held at Roever College of
th

is the bonafide work of KALAIMAGAL.E, MANIMEGALAI.S, and
SIGNATURE SIGNATURE
Prof. G.ANBALAGAN, M.E.,(Ph.D)., Mr.T.SENTHIL KUMAR, M.E.,


SATHYA.M for the project Examination held at Roever College of
th
ANNA UNIVERSITY : CHENNAI 600 025

is the bonafide work of KALAIMAGAL.E , MANIMEGALAI.S and
SIGNATURE SIGNATURE

Submitted by KALAIMAGAL.E Reg. no. 813413105012 for the Project

Examination held at Roever College of Engineering & Technology, Perambalur
th
-621 220 on 6 April 2017.
SIGNATURE SIGNATURE

Roever College of Engineering & Electrical &Electronics
Submitted by MANIMEGALAI.S Reg. no. 813413105014 for the

Project Examination held at Roever College of Engineering & Technology,
th
Perambalur -621 220 on 6 April 2017.


SIGNATURE SIGNATURE

Submitted by SATHYA.M Reg. no. 813413105024 for the Project

Examination held at Roever College of Engineering & Technology, Perambalur
th
-621 220 on 6 April 2017.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We wish to express our deep sense of gratitude and indebtedness to

our Chairman, Dr.K.VARADHARAAJEN B.A., B.L., for providing all
facilities, which helped us to complete this project.
With profound gratitude, respect and pride, we express our sincere thanks
to our Principal, Dr.B.GANESH BABU, M.E., Ph.D., for continuous
encouragement.
We express our sincere and grateful thanks to our Vice Principal, Dr.
S.BALAMURUGAN, M.Phil., Ph.D., for this guidance and unstinted support
for successful completion of this project.
We take great pleasure in convey our thanks to the Head of the

Department Prof. G.ANBALAGAN, M.E., (Ph.D)., and our project supervisor
Mr. T.SENTHIL KUMAR, M.E., who are the source of encouragement of
our learning process.
We convey our sincere and heart full thanks to other teaching and non
teaching faculty members in our department for their kind and valuable help
which facilitate us to complete the project work successfully. We also convey
our heart full thanks to all our friends for their kindly help rendered by them.
i
ABSTRACT
The proportional integral derivative (PID) controller is the most

common form of feedback used in the control systems. It can be used for various
Industrial applications. One of the applications used here is to control the speed
of the servo motor for aerospace application. Controlling the speed of a DC
motors is very important as any small change can lead to instability of the closed
loop system. The aim of this project is to show how DC motor can be controlled
by using a PID controller in ARDUINO. DC Motor will be interfaced using an
Arduino Uno board. Arduino Uno board plays the role of low cost data
acquisition board. The speed of the DC motor will be set by creating a Graphic
User Interface (GUI) for PID Controller in ARDUINO. ARDUINO will in turn
pass this speed to the DC motor using a PWM pins on the Arduino Uno board.
DC motor will move with the speed set by the user in ARDUINO. The speed of
the dc motor will be sensed by using the accelerometer. Accelerometer is a
sensor which measures the acceleration. From accelerometer, the output is sent
back to the PID Controller via Arduino board. PID Controller compares the
actual speed of the DC motor with the set speed. If its speed is not same, PID
Controller will try to minimize the error and bring the motor to the set point
value.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER NO. TITLE PAGE NO.
ABSTRACT
LIST OF FIGURES
LIST OF TABLES
1 INTRODUCTION 1
2 PROPOSED SYSTEM 2
2.1 proposed system block diagram 3
2.2 proposed system circuit diagram 3
2.2.1 circuit for transmitter 4
2.2.2 circuit for receiver 5
3 HARDWARE DESCRIPTIONS
3.1 Servo motor 6
3.1.1 Mechanism of servo motor 6
3.2 BLDC motor 7
3.2.1 Construction of BLDC motor 8
3.2.2 Working principle 9
3.2.3 Applications of BLDC motor 9
3.3 Li-Po batteries 10
3.3.1 Advantages 10
3.3.2 Voltage 12
3.3.3 Capacity 12
3.3.4 Discharge rating 13
3.3.5 Proper care and treatment 16
3.3.6 Charging 16
3.3.7 Discharging/using the battery 17
3.3.8 Disposal of battery 17
3.4 Electronic speed controller 18
3.4.1 Features of electronic speed controller 18
3.4.2 Components used in ESC 19
3.4.3 Applications of ESC 19
4 SOFTWARE DESCRIPTIONS
4.1 Introduction to arduino UNO R3 20
4.2 Features of Arduino 21
4.3 Arduino uno board 21
4.4 Using pwm on Arduino 22
4.4.1 Application of pwm 25
4.5 Programming concepts 25
4.5.1 Basics of programming language 26
4.5.2 Digital numbers 29
4.6Arduino programming language 30
4.6.1 Creating a program 31
4.6.2 Program formatting and syntax 31
4.6.3 Program structure 35
4.6.4 Math 36
4.6.5 Simple commands 37
4.7 Arduino programming 47
4.7.1 Flow chart 47
4.7.2 Program for transmitter 48
4.7.3 Program for receiver 50
5 CONCLUSION 51
REFERENCE
LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE NO. TITLE PAGE NO

2.1 Proposed system block diagram 3
2.2.1 Circuit for transmitter 4

2.2.2 Circuit for receiver 5
3.2.1 Stator and rotor 9
3.2.2 Working of motor 9
3.3 Li-Po batteries 12
4.3 Arduino board 22

Servo Voltage Stabilizer Using Atmega Controller For Aerospace Application

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SERVO VOLTAGE STABILIZER USING ATMEGA

CONTROLLER FOR AEROSPACE APPLICATION

In partial fulfillment for the award of the

ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

ROEVER COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING &

ANNA UNIVERSITY :: CHENNAI - 600 025

Certified that this Project report SERVO VOLTAGE STABILIZER

Prof. G.ANBALAGAN, M.E.,(Ph.D)., Mr. T.SENTHIL KUMAR, M.E.,

Project submitted by KALAIMAGAL.E, MANIMEGALAI.S and

INTERNAL EXAMINER EXTERNAL EXAMINER

Certified that this Project report SERVO VOLTAGE STABILIZER

Prof. G.ANBALAGAN, M.E.,(Ph.D)., Mr. T.SENTHIL KUMAR, M.E.,

Project submitted KALAIMAGAL.E, MANIMEGALAI.S and

INTERNAL EXAMINER EXTERNAL EXAMINER

Certified that this Project report SERVO VOLTAGE STABILIZER

Prof. G.ANBALAGAN, M.E.,(Ph.D)., Mr.T.SENTHIL KUMAR , M.E.,

Project submitted by KALAIMAGAL.E, MANIMEGALAI.S and

Certified that this Project report SERVO VOLTAGE STABILIZER

Prof. G.ANBALAGAN, M.E.,(Ph.D)., Mr.T.SENTHIL KUMAR, M.E.,

Project submitted by KALAIMAGAL.E, MANIMEGALAI.S and

Certified that this Project report SERVO VOLTAGE STABILIZER

Prof. G.ANBALAGAN, M.E.,(Ph.D)., Mr. T.SENTHIL KUMAR, M.E.,

Submitted by KALAIMAGAL.E Reg. no. 813413105012 for the Project

Prof. G.ANBALAGAN, M.E.,(Ph.D)., Mr. T.SENTHIL KUMAR, M.E.,

Submitted by MANIMEGALAI.S Reg. no. 813413105014 for the

INTERNAL EXAMINER EXTERNAL EXAMINER

Certified that this Project report SERVO VOLTAGE STABILIZER

Prof. G.ANBALAGAN, M.E.,(Ph.D)., Mr. T.SENTHIL KUMAR, M.E.,

Submitted by SATHYA.M Reg. no. 813413105024 for the Project

INTERNAL EXAMINER EXTERNAL EXAMINER

We wish to express our deep sense of gratitude and indebtedness to

We take great pleasure in convey our thanks to the Head of the

The proportional integral derivative (PID) controller is the most

CHAPTER NO. TITLE PAGE NO.

FIGURE NO. TITLE PAGE NO

2.2.1 Circuit for transmitter 4

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