KAVR Series - Manual PDF

K Range Series 1
Overcurrent and Directional

Overcurrent Relays
Service Manual
R8501H
Models available
The following list of models are covered by this manual:
KCGG 110/KCGG 210
KCGG 120
KCGG 130/KCGG 230
KCGG 140/KCGG 240
KCGU 110
KCGU 140/KCGU 240
KCEG 110/KCEG 210

KCEG 130/KCEG 230
KCEG 140/KCEG 240
KCEG 150/KCEG 250
KCEG 160
KCEU 110
KCEU 140/KCEU 240
KCEU 141/KCEU 241
KCEU 150/KCEU 250
KCEU 160
Page 4
CONTENTS
SAFETY SECTION 6
1. HANDLING AND INSTALLATION 10
1.1 General considerations 10
1.2 Handling of electronic equipment 10
1.3 Relay mounting 11
1.4 Unpacking 11
1.5 Storage 11
2. INTRODUCTION 12
2.1 Using the manual 12
2.2 An introduction to K Range relays 12
2.3 Models available 13
3. RELAY DESCRIPTION 14
3.1 User interface 14
3.2 Menu system 16
3.3 Changing text and settings 26
3.4 Selective Features and Logic 30
3.5 Configuration 46
3.6 External connections 50
3.7 Non-protection features and communications 57
4. APPLICATION NOTES 67
4.1 Application of overcurrent characteristics 67
4.2 Blocking Schemes 68
4.3 Application notes for directional overcurrent relays 71
4.4 Application notes for dual powered relays 74
4.5 Breaker fail protection, backtripping and back-up transfer tripping 76
4.6 Restricted earth fault 77
4.7 Further applications and control facilities 77
5. TECHNICAL DATA 81
5.1 Ratings 81
5.2 Burdens 81
5.3 Overcurrent setting ranges 83
5.4 Time setting ranges 84
5.5 Directional settings 85
5.6 Ratios 85
5.7 Accuracy 85
5.8 Influencing quantities 87
5.9 Opto-isolated inputs 88
5.10 Contacts 88
5.11 Operation indicator 89
5.12 Communication port 89
5.13 Current transformer requirements 89
5.14 High voltage withstand 90
5.15 Electrical Environment 90
Page 5
5.16 Atmospheric Environment 91
5.17 Mechanical Environment 92
5.18 Model numbers 92
5.19 Frequency response 94
6. COMMISSIONING 96
6.1 Commissioning preliminaries 96
6.2. Problem solving 130
6.3. Maintenance 135
APPENDIX 1. CHARACTERISTIC CURVES FOR
KCGG, KCGU, KCEG AND KCEU RELAYS 139
APPENDIX 2. LOGIC DIAGRAMS FOR KCGG, KCGU, KCEG
AND KCEU RELAYS 147
APPENDIX 3. CONNECTION DIAGRAMS FOR
KCGG, KCGU, KCEG AND KCEU RELAYS 160
APPENDIX 4. COMMISSIONING TEST RECORD 189
11. INDEX 201
REPAIR FORM 203
Page 6
Pxxxx/EN SS/B11
SAFETY SECTION
Pxxxx/EN SS/B11
Safety Section Page 1/10
CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION 3
2. HEALTH AND SAFETY 3
3. SYMBOLS AND EXTERNAL LABELS ON THE EQUIPMENT 4
3.1 Symbols 4
3.2 Labels 4
4. INSTALLING, COMMISSIONING AND SERVICING 4
5. DECOMMISSIONING AND DISPOSAL 7
6. EQUIPMENT WHICH INCLUDES ELECTROMECHANICAL ELEMENTS 7
7. TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS FOR SAFETY 7
7.1 Protective fuse rating 7
7.2 Protective Class 7
7.3 Installation Category 7
7.4 Environment 8
8. CE MARKING 8
9. RECOGNIZED AND LISTED MARKS FOR NORTH AMERICA 9

Pxxxx/EN SS/B11
Page 2/10 Safety Section
BLANK PAGE
Pxxxx/EN SS/B11
1. INTRODUCTION
This guide and the relevant operating or service manual documentation for the equipment
provide full information on safe handling, commissioning and testing of this equipment and
also includes descriptions of equipment label markings.
Documentation for equipment ordered from AREVA T&D is despatched separately from
manufactured goods and may not be received at the same time.
Therefore this guide is provided to ensure that printed information normally present on
equipment is fully understood by the recipient.
Before carrying out any work on the equipment the user should be familiar with
the contents of this Safety Guide.
Reference should be made to the external connection diagram before the equipment is
installed, commissioned or serviced.
Language specific, self-adhesive User Interface labels are provided in a bag for some
equipment.
2. HEALTH AND SAFETY

The information in the Safety Section of the equipment documentation is intended to ensure
that equipment is properly installed and handled in order to maintain it in a safe condition.
It is assumed that everyone who will be associated with the equipment will be familiar with
the contents of that Safety Section, or this Safety Guide.
When electrical equipment is in operation, dangerous voltages will be present in certain parts
of the equipment. Failure to observe warning notices, incorrect use, or improper use may
endanger personnel and equipment and cause personal injury or physical damage.
Before working in the terminal strip area, the equipment must be isolated.
Proper and safe operation of the equipment depends on appropriate shipping and handling,
proper storage, installation and commissioning, and on careful operation, maintenance and
servicing. For this reason only qualified personnel may work on or operate the equipment.
Qualified personnel are individuals who
are familiar with the installation, commissioning, and operation of the equipment and
of the system to which it is being connected;
are able to safely perform switching operations in accordance with accepted safety
engineering practices and are authorised to energize and de-energize equipment
and to isolate, ground, and label it;
are trained in the care and use of safety apparatus in accordance with safety
engineering practices;
are trained in emergency procedures (first aid).

The operating manual for the equipment gives instructions for its installation, commissioning,
and operation. However, the manual cannot cover all conceivable circumstances or include
detailed information on all topics. In the event of questions or specific problems, do not take
any action without proper authorization. Contact the appropriate AREVA technical sales
office and request the necessary information.
Pxxxx/EN SS/B11
3. SYMBOLS AND EXTERNAL LABELS ON THE EQUIPMENT

For safety reasons the following symbols and external labels, which may be used on the
equipment or referred to in the equipment documentation, should be understood before the
equipment is installed or commissioned.
3.1 Symbols
Caution: refer to equipment documentation Caution: risk of electric shock
Protective Conductor (*Earth) terminal.
Functional/Protective Conductor Earth terminal

Note This symbol may also be used for a Protective Conductor (Earth) terminal if that
terminal is part of a terminal block or sub-assembly e.g. power supply.
*NOTE: THE TERM EARTH USED THROUGHOUT THIS GUIDE IS THE DIRECT
EQUIVALENT OF THE NORTH AMERICAN TERM GROUND.
3.2 Labels
See "Safety Guide" (SFTY/4L M) for equipment labelling information.
4. INSTALLING, COMMISSIONING AND SERVICING

Equipment connections
Personnel undertaking installation, commissioning or servicing work for this
equipment should be aware of the correct working procedures to ensure safety.
The equipment documentation should be consulted before installing,
commissioning or servicing the equipment.
Terminals exposed during installation, commissioning and maintenance may
present a hazardous voltage unless the equipment is electrically isolated.
Any disassembly of the equipment may expose parts at hazardous voltage, also
electronic parts may be damaged if suitable electrostatic voltage discharge
(ESD) precautions are not taken.
If there is unlocked access to the rear of the equipment, care should be taken by
all personnel to avoid electric shock or energy hazards.
Voltage and current connections should be made using insulated crimp
terminations to ensure that terminal block insulation requirements are maintained
for safety.
To ensure that wires are correctly terminated the correct crimp terminal and tool
for the wire size should be used.
The equipment must be connected in accordance with the appropriate
connection diagram.
Pxxxx/EN SS/B11
Protection Class I Equipment

- Before energising the equipment it must be earthed using the protective
conductor terminal, if provided, or the appropriate termination of the
supply plug in the case of plug connected equipment.
- The protective conductor (earth) connection must not be removed since
the protection against electric shock provided by the equipment would
be lost.
The recommended minimum protective conductor (earth) wire size is 2.5 mm
(3.3 mm for North America) unless otherwise stated in the technical data section
of the equipment documentation, or otherwise required by local or country wiring
regulations.
The protective conductor (earth) connection must be low-inductance and as
short as possible.
All connections to the equipment must have a defined potential. Connections
that are pre-wired, but not used, should preferably be grounded when binary
inputs and output relays are isolated. When binary inputs and output relays are
connected to common potential, the pre-wired but unused connections should be
connected to the common potential of the grouped connections.
Before energising the equipment, the following should be checked:
- Voltage rating/polarity (rating label/equipment documentation);
- CT circuit rating (rating label) and integrity of connections;
- Protective fuse rating;
- Integrity of the protective conductor (earth) connection (where
applicable);
- Voltage and current rating of external wiring, applicable to the
application.
Equipment Use
If the equipment is used in a manner not specified by the manufacturer, the
protection provided by the equipment may be impaired.
Removal of the equipment front panel/cover
Removal of the equipment front panel/cover may expose hazardous live parts
which must not be touched until the electrical power is removed.
UL and CSA Listed or Recognized Equipment
To maintain UL and CSA approvals the equipment should be installed using UL
and/or CSA Listed or Recognized parts of the following type: connection cables,
protective fuses/fuseholders or circuit breakers, insulation crimp terminals, and
replacement internal battery, as specified in the equipment documentation.
Equipment operating conditions
The equipment should be operated within the specified electrical and
environmental limits.
Current transformer circuits
Do not open the secondary circuit of a live CT since the high voltage produced
may be lethal to personnel and could damage insulation.
Generally, for safety, the secondary of the line CT must be shorted before
opening any connections to it.
For most equipment with ring-terminal connections, the threaded terminal block
for current transformer termination has automatic CT shorting on removal of the
module. Therefore external shorting of the CTs may not be required, the
equipment documentation should be checked to see if this applies.
For equipment with pin-terminal connections, the threaded terminal block for
current transformer termination does NOT have automatic CT shorting on
removal of the module.
Pxxxx/EN SS/B11
External resistors, including voltage dependent resistors (VDRs)

Where external resistors, including voltage dependent resistors (VDRs), are
fitted to the equipment, these may present a risk of electric shock or burns, if
touched.
Battery replacement
Where internal batteries are fitted they should be replaced with the
recommended type and be installed with the correct polarity to avoid possible
damage to the equipment, buildings and persons.
Insulation and dielectric strength testing
Insulation testing may leave capacitors charged up to a hazardous voltage. At
the end of each part of the test, the voltage should be gradually reduced to zero,
to discharge capacitors, before the test leads are disconnected.
Insertion of modules and pcb cards
Modules and pcb cards must not be inserted into or withdrawn from the
equipment whilst it is energised, since this may result in damage.
Insertion and withdrawal of extender cards
Extender cards are available for some equipment. If an extender card is used,
this should not be inserted or withdrawn from the equipment whilst it is
energised. This is to avoid possible shock or damage hazards. Hazardous live
voltages may be accessible on the extender card.
Insertion and withdrawal of integral heavy current test plugs
It is possible to use an integral heavy current test plug with some equipment.
CT shorting links must be in place before insertion or removal of heavy current
test plugs, to avoid potentially lethal voltages.
External test blocks and test plugs
Great care should be taken when using external test blocks and test plugs such
as the MMLG, MMLB and MiCOM P990 types, hazardous voltages may be
accessible when using these. *CT shorting links must be in place before the
insertion or removal of MMLB test plugs, to avoid potentially lethal voltages.
*Note when a MiCOM P992 Test Plug is inserted into the MiCOM P991 Test
Block, the secondaries of the line CTs are automatically shorted, making them
safe.
Fibre optic communication
Where fibre optic communication devices are fitted, these should not be viewed
directly. Optical power meters should be used to determine the operation or
signal level of the device.
Cleaning
The equipment may be cleaned using a lint free cloth dampened with clean
water, when no connections are energised. Contact fingers of test plugs are
normally protected by petroleum jelly which should not be removed.
Pxxxx/EN SS/B11
5. DECOMMISSIONING AND DISPOSAL

Decommissioning:
The supply input (auxiliary) for the equipment may include capacitors across the
supply or to earth. To avoid electric shock or energy hazards, after completely
isolating the supplies to the equipment (both poles of any dc supply), the
capacitors should be safely discharged via the external terminals prior to
decommissioning.
Disposal:
It is recommended that incineration and disposal to water courses is avoided.
The equipment should be disposed of in a safe manner. Any equipment
containing batteries should have them removed before disposal, taking
precautions to avoid short circuits. Particular regulations within the country of
operation, may apply to the disposal of batteries.
6. EQUIPMENT WHICH INCLUDES ELECTROMECHANICAL ELEMENTS

Electrical adjustments
It is possible to change current or voltage settings on some equipment by direct
physical adjustment e.g. adjustment of a plug-bridge setting. The electrical power
should be removed before making any change, to avoid the risk of electric shock.
Exposure of live parts
Removal of the cover may expose hazardous live parts such as relay contacts,
these should not be touched before removing the electrical power.
7. TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS FOR SAFETY

7.1 Protective fuse rating
The recommended maximum rating of the external protective fuse for equipments is 16A,
high rupture capacity (HRC) Red Spot type NIT, or TIA, or equivalent, unless otherwise
stated in the technical data section of the equipment documentation. The protective fuse
should be located as close to the unit as possible.
DANGER - CTs must NOT be fused since open circuiting them may
produce lethal hazardous voltages.
7.2 Protective Class

IEC 61010-1: 2001 Class I (unless otherwise specified in the equipment
EN 61010-1: 2001 documentation). This equipment requires a protective
conductor (earth) connection to ensure user safety.
7.3 Installation Category

IEC 61010-1: 2001 Installation Category III (Overvoltage Category III):
EN 61010-1: 2001
Distribution level, fixed installation.
Equipment in this category is qualification tested at
5kV peak, 1.2/50s, 500, 0.5J, between all
supply circuits and earth and also between
independent circuits
Pxxxx/EN SS/B11
7.4 Environment
The equipment is intended for indoor installation and use only. If it is required for use in an
outdoor environment then it must be mounted in a specific cabinet or housing which will
enable it to meet the requirements of IEC 60529 with the classification of degree of
protection IP54 (dust and splashing water protected).
Pollution Degree Pollution Compliance is demonstrated by reference to safety

Degree 2 standards.
Altitude operation up to
2000 m
IEC 61010-1: 2001
EN 61010-1: 2001
8. CE MARKING
Compliance with all relevant European
Marking Community directives:
Product safety: Compliance demonstrated by reference to

Low Voltage Directive - 73/23/EEC safety standards.
amended by 93/68/EEC
EN 61010-1: 2001
EN 60950-1: 2001
EN 60255-5: 2001
IEC 60664-1: 2001
Electromagnetic Compatibility Directive Compliance demonstrated via the Technical

(EMC) 89/336/EEC amended by Construction File route.
93/68/EEC.
The following Product Specific Standard
was used to establish conformity:
EN 50263 : 2000
Where applicable :
The equipment is compliant with Article 1(2) of

European directive 94/9/EC. It is approved for operation
outside an ATEX hazardous area. It is however
II (2) G approved for connection to Increased Safety, Ex e,
motors with rated ATEX protection, Equipment Category
2, to ensure their safe operation in gas Zones 1 and 2
hazardous areas.
ATEX Potentially Explosive CAUTION Equipment with this marking is not itself
Atmospheres directive suitable for operation within a potentially explosive
94/9/EC, for equipment. atmosphere.
Compliance demonstrated by Notified Body certificates
of compliance.
Radio and Compliance demonstrated by compliance to the Low

Telecommunications Terminal Voltage Directive, 73/23/EEC amended by 93/68/EEC,
Equipment (R & TTE) down to zero volts, by reference to safety standards.
directive 95/5/EC.
Pxxxx/EN SS/B11
9. RECOGNIZED AND LISTED MARKS FOR NORTH AMERICA

CSA - Canadian Standards Association
UL - Underwriters Laboratory of America
UL Recognized to UL (USA) requirements
UL Recognized to UL (USA) and CSA (Canada) requirements
UL Listed to UL (USA) requirements
UL Listed to UL (USA) and CSA (Canada) requirements
Certified to CSA (Canada) requirements

Pxxxx/EN SS/B11
BLANK PAGE
Section 1. HANDLING AND INSTALLATION
1.1 General considerations

1.1.1 Receipt of relays
Protective relays, although generally of robust construction, require careful
treatment prior to installation on site. Upon receipt, relays should be examined
immediately, to ensure no damage has been sustained in transit. If damage has been
sustained during transit, a claim should be made to the transport contractor, and a
AREVA T&D representative should be promptly notified.
Relays that are supplied unmounted and not intended for immediate installation
should be returned to their protective polythene bags.
1.1.2 Electrostatic discharge (ESD)
The relays use components that are sensitive to electrostatic discharges.
The electronic circuits are well protected by the metal case and the internal module
should not be withdrawn unnecessarily. When handling the module outside its case,
care should be taken to avoid contact with components and electrical connections.
If removed from the case for storage, the module should be placed in an electrically
conducting antistatic bag.
There are no setting adjustments within the module and it is advised that it is not
unnecessarily disassembled. Although the printed circuit boards are plugged
together, the connectors are a manufacturing aid and not intended for frequent
dismantling; in fact considerable effort may be required to separate them.
Touching the printed circuit board should be avoided, since complementary metal
oxide semiconductors (CMOS) are used, which can be damaged by static electricity
discharged from the body.
1.2 Handling of electronic equipment
A persons normal movements can easily generate electrostatic potentials of several
thousand volts. Discharge of these voltages into semiconductor devices when
handling electronic circuits can cause serious damage, which often may not be
immediately apparent but the reliability of the circuit will have been reduced.
The electronic circuits are completely safe from electrostatic discharge when housed
in the case. Do not expose them to risk of damage by withdrawing modules
unnecessarily.
Each module incorporates the highest practicable protection for its semiconductor
devices. However, if it becomes necessary to withdraw a module, the precautions
should be taken to preserve the high reliability and long life for which the equipment
has been designed and manufactured.
1. Before removing a module, ensure that you are at the same electrostatic potential
as the equipment by touching the case.
2. Handle the module by its frontplate, frame or edges of the printed circuit board.
Avoid touching the electronic components, printed circuit track or connectors.
3. Do not pass the module to another person without first ensuring you are both at
the same electrostatic potential. Shaking hands achieves equipotential.
4. Place the module on an antistatic surface, or on a conducting surface which is at
the same potential as yourself.
5. Store or transport the module in a conductive bag.
Page 11
If you are making measurements on the internal electronic circuitry of an equipment
in service, it is preferable that you are earthed to the case with a conductive wrist
strap. Wrist straps should have a resistance to ground between 500k-10M ohms.
If a wrist strap is not available, you should maintain regular contact with the case to
prevent a build-up of static. Instrumentation which may be used for making
measurements should be earthed to the case whenever possible.
More information on safe working procedures for all electronic equipment can be
found in BS5783 and IEC 60147-OF. It is strongly recommended that detailed
investigations on electronic circuitry, or modification work, should be carried out in
a Special Handling Area such as described in the above-mentioned BS and IEC
documents.
1.3 Relay mounting
Relays are dispatched, either individually, or as part of a panel/rack assembly.
If loose relays are to be assembled into a scheme, then construction details can be
found in Publication R7012. If an MMLG test block is to be included it should be
positioned at the right hand side of the assembly (viewed from the front).
Modules should remain protected by their metal case during assembly into a panel or
rack. The design of the relay is such that the fixing holes are accessible without
removal of the cover. For individually mounted relays, an outline diagram is
normally supplied showing the panel cut-outs and hole centres. These dimensions
will also be found in Publication R6501.
1.4 Unpacking
Care must be taken when unpacking and installing the relays so that none of the
parts is damaged, or the settings altered and they must only be handled by skilled
persons. The installation should be clean, dry and reasonably free from dust and
excessive vibration. The site should be well lit to facilitate inspection. Relays that
have been removed from their cases should not be left in situations where they are
exposed to dust or damp. This particularly applies to installations which are being
carried out at the same time as construction work.
1.5 Storage
If relays are not to be installed immediately upon receipt they should be stored in a
place free from dust and moisture in their original cartons. Where de-humidifier
bags have been included in the packing they should be retained. The action of the
de-humidifier crystals will be impaired if the bag has been exposed to ambient
conditions and may be restored by gently heating the bag for about an hour, prior to
replacing it in the carton.
Dust which collects on a carton may, on subsequent unpacking, find its way into the
relay; in damp conditions the carton and packing may become impregnated with
moisture and the de-humidifier will lose its efficiency.
Storage temperature 25C to +70C.
Page 12
Section 2. INTRODUCTION
2.1 Using the manual

This manual provides a description of the K Range Overcurrent and Directional
Overcurrent range of protection relays. It is intended to guide the user through
application, installation, setting and commissioning of the relays.
The manual has the following format:
Section 1 Handling and Installation
Guidance on precautions to be taken when handling electronic
equipment.
Section 2 Introduction
An introduction on how to use this manual and a general introduction
to the relays covered by the manual.
Section 3 Relay Description
A detailed technical description of each relay feature and setting
procedure.
Section 4 Applications
An introduction to applications for the relays.
Section 5 Technical Data
Comprehensive details on the ratings, setting ranges and IEC/ANSI
specifications to which the relays conform.
Section 6 Commissioning
A guide to commissioning, problem solving and maintenance.
Appendix Appendices include relay characteristic curves, logic diagrams,
connection diagrams and commissioning test records.
Index Provides the user with page references for quick access to selected
topics.
2.2 An introduction to K Range relays
The K Range range of protection relays brings numerical technology to the
successful MIDOS range of protection relays. Fully compatible with the existing
designs and sharing the same modular housing concept, the relays offer more
comprehensive protection for demanding applications.
With enhanced versatility, reduced maintenance requirements and low burdens,
K Range relays provide a more advanced solution to power system protection.
Each relay includes an extensive range of control and data gathering functions to
provide a completely integrated system of protection, control, instrumentation, data
logging, fault recording and event recording. The relays have a user-friendly 32
character liquid crystal display (LCD) with 4 pushbuttons which allow menu
navigation and setting changes. Also, by utilising the simple 2-wire communication
link, all of the relay functions can be read, reset and changed on demand from a
local or remote personal computer (PC), loaded with the relevant software.
KCGG & KCGU relays provide overcurrent and earth fault protection for power
distribution systems, industrial power systems and all other applications where
overcurrent protection is required. The relays are used in applications where time
graded overcurrent and earth fault protection is required. The KCGU provides
sensitive earth fault protection for systems where the earth fault current is limited.
Page 13
KCEG & KCEU relays provide directional overcurrent and earth fault protection.
The overcurrent elements can be selectively directionalised, making the relays a cost
effective option where both directional and non-directional protection is required.
The directional sensitive earth fault protection provided by the KCEU relay is
particularly suitable for systems where the earth fault current is severely limited.
Integral features in the K Range relays include circuit breaker failure protection,
backtripping, blocked overcurrent protection for feeders or busbars, cold load pick-
up facilities, load shedding capabilities and two alternative groups of predetermined
settings. The relays also have integral serial communication facilities via K-Bus.
2.3 Models available
The following list of models are covered by this manual:
KCGG 110/KCGG 210 Earth fault relay
KCGG 120 Two phase overcurrent relay
KCGG 130/KCGG 230 Three phase overcurrent relay
KCGG 140/KCGG 240 Three phase overcurrent and earth fault relay
KCGU 110 Sensitive earth fault relay

KCGU 140/KCGU 240 Three phase overcurrent and sensitive earth fault relay
KCEG 110/KCEG 210 Directional earth fault relay

KCEG 130/KCEG 230 Directional three phase overcurrent relay
KCEG 140/KCEG 240 Directional three phase overcurrent and earth fault relay
KCEG 150/KCEG 250 Directional earth fault and non-directional overcurrent
relay
KCEG 160 Directional earth fault relay with dual polarisation
KCEU 110 Directional sensitive earth fault relay

KCEU 140/KCEU 240 Directional three phase overcurrent and sensitive earth
fault relay
KCEU 141/KCEU 241 Directional three phase overcurrent and sensitive earth
fault relay with wattmetric element
KCEU 150/KCEU 250 Directional sensitive earth fault and non-directional
overcurrent relay
KCEU 160 Directional sensitive earth fault relay with dual
polarisation
Note: The 100 series of relays are powered by an ac/dc auxiliary supply.
The 200 series of relays are dual powered i.e. powered by an ac/dc auxiliary
supply or from the line current transformers in the absence of an auxiliary
supply.
Page 14
Section 3. RELAY DESCRIPTION
3.1 User interface

This interface provides the user with a means of entering settings to the relay and of
interrogating the relays to retrieve recorded data.
3.1.1 Frontplate layout
The frontplate of the relay carries an identification label at the top corner.
This identifies the relay by both its model number and serial number.
This information is required when making any enquiry to the factory about a
particular relay because it uniquely specifies the product. In addition there is a rating
label in the bottom corner which gives details of the auxiliary voltage, reference
voltage (directional relays only) and current ratings. (See Figure 1).
Two handles, one at the top and one at the bottom of the frontplate, will assist in
removing the module from the case. Three light emitting diodes (leds) provide status
indication and there is also a liquid crystal display and a four-key pad for access to
settings and other readable data.
Model number
Relay types
KCGG14000102125
KCGG140 No P967701
Made in UK Serial number

Liquid
crystal
display
FEDCBA9876543210
LED indicators
Digit identifiers
ALARM TRIP
Entry keys
F + - 0
Ratings
In 1 A V 110/125 V
Vn 110 V 50/60 Hz
Figure 1. Frontplate layout

3.1.2 LED indications
The three LEDs provide the following functions:
GREEN LED Indicates the relay is powered up and running. In most cases it
follows the watchdog relay, but dual powered relays are the
exception because the watchdog does not operate for loss of
auxiliary supply. Such a condition would be considered a normal
operational condition when the relays are energized from line
current transformers alone.
Page 15
YELLOW LED Indicates alarm conditions that have been detected by the relay
during its self checking routine. The alarm lamp flashes when the
password is entered (password inhibition temporarily overridden).
RED LED Indicates a trip that has been issued by the relay. This may be a
protection trip or result from a remote trip command; the trip flags
have to be viewed to decide which.
3.1.3 Keypad
Four keys on the frontplate of the relay enable the user to select the data to be
displayed and settings to be changed. The keys perform the following functions:
[F] FUNCTION SELECT KEY
[+] INCREMENT VALUE KEY
[] DECREMENT VALUE KEY
[0] RESET/ESCAPE KEY
Note: Only the [F] and [0] keys are accessible when the relay cover is in place.
3.1.4 Liquid crystal display
The liquid crystal display (LCD) has two lines, each of sixteen characters, that are
used to display settings, measured values and records which are extracted from the
relay data bank. A backlight is activated when any of the keys on the frontplate of
the relay is momentarily pressed. This enables the display to be read in all conditions
of ambient lighting.
The numbers printed on the frontplate just below the display, identify the individual
digits that are displayed for some of the settings, ie. function links, relay masks etc.
3.1.5 Flag display format
Fault ta>>> tb>>>

record Setting ta>> tb>>
number group ta> tb> tV<
Ia> Ib>
F n 2 G 2 A * * * B * * * V <
A U X 1 2 3 C * * * N * * * R T
tAUX1 Ic> Io>
tAUX2 tc> to> Remote
tc>> to>> trip
tAUX3 tc>>> to>>>
Fn Flags for last fault Fn 1 Flags for previous fault

A,B,C,N Indicates the phases that started
* t> operated V< Undervoltage trip
-* t >> operated
-- * t >>> operated
AUX123 Indicates which of the auxiliary outputs operated
Figure 2. Flag display format
Page 16
3.2 Menu system
Data within the relays is accessed via a MENU table. The table is divided into
columns and rows to form cells, rather like a spreadsheet. Each cell may contain
text, values, limits and functions. The first cell in a column contains a heading which
identifies the data grouped on that column.
Four keys on the frontplate of the relay allow the menu to be scanned and the
contents displayed on the liquid crystal display (LCD). The act of depressing any
key will result in the LCD backlight being switched on. The backlight will turn off
again if a key is not pressed again within one minute.
The display will normally be the selected default setting and a momentary press of
the function key [F] will change the display to the heading for the first column,
SYSTEM DATA. Further momentary presses of the [F] key will step down the
column, row by row, so that data may be read. If at any time the [F] key is pressed
and held for one second the cursor will be moved to the top of the next column and
the heading for that column will be displayed. Further momentary presses of the [F]
key will then move down the new column, row by row. In this way the full menu of
the relay may be scanned with just one key and this key is accessible with the cover
in place on the relay.
The other key that is accessible with the cover in place is the reset key [0].
A momentary press of this key will switch on the back light for the LCD without
changing the display in any way. Following a protection trip the display will change
automatically from the default display to that of the fault flags for that fault and the
red trip LED will be lit to draw attention to the fact. The trip LED can be reset by
holding down the reset key [0] for at least one second.
Col. 1 Col. 2 Col. 3 Col. 4 Col. 5
F F F F F
LONG LONG LONG LONG LONG
F SHORT F SHORT F SHORT F SHORT F SHORT
Figure 3. Menu system of relay
Page 17
The fault information is not lost by this action, it is only cleared from the display.
The fault flags can be read by selecting FAULT RECORDS from the column
headings and stepping down until the flag data (Fn ), the flags for the last fault, are
displayed. The red trip LED can be reset by holding the reset key [0] depressed for 1
second whilst this cell is being displayed. The next cell down contains the flags for
the previous fault (Fn-1) and so on to (Fn-4); enough for a full four shot autoreclose
cycle. The currents and voltages measured during the last fault are also recorded on
this page of the menu together with the circuit breaker opening time. To delete all
fault records the next cell after (Fn-4) must be selected. This cell will read FLT
clear records = [0] and to complete the reset action the [0] key must be held
depressed for more than 1 second.
The only settings which can be changed with the cover in place are those that can be
reset either to zero or some preset value. To change any other settings the cover has
to be removed from the relay to gain access to the [+] and [] keys, that are used to
increment or decrement a value. When a column heading is displayed the [] key
will change the display to the next column and the [+] key will change the display to
the previous column, giving a faster selection.
When a cell containing a relay setting is displayed the action of pressing either the
[+] or [] keys will indicate to the relay that a value is to be changed and a flashing
cursor will appear on the display. To escape from the setting mode without making
any change, the [0] key should be depressed for one second.
Password protection is provided for the configuration settings of the relay.
This includes time curve selection, set CT and VT ratios, function link settings,
opto-input and relay output allocation. Any accidental change to configuration could
seriously affect the ability of the relay to perform its intended functions, whereas a
setting error may only cause a grading problem. Individual protection settings are
protected from change when the relay cover is in place.
For instruction on how to change the various types of settings refer to Section 3.3.
3.2.1 Menu contents
Related data and settings are grouped together in separate columns of the menu.
Each column has a text heading that identifies the data contained in that column.
Each cell may contain text, values, limits and/or a function. The cells are referenced
by the column number/row number. For example 0201 is column 02, row 01.
The full menu is given in the following notes but not all the items will be available
in a particular relay. For example, a single pole earth fault relay would not display
any phase fault settings and a non-directional relay would not display any settings
associated with the directional feature. Those cells that do not provide any useful
purpose are not made available in the factory configuration, to avoid the confusion
that would occur in deciding at what values to set them. In a similar way certain
settings will disappear from the menu when the user de-selects them; the alternative
setting group is a typical example. If System Data Link (SD4) is set to 0
alternative settings EF(2) and PF(2) will be hidden and to select them and make
them visible, link SD4 must be set to 1. This note is included at this time to
explain why some of the items listed below may not appear in the menu for the relay
that is being compared with the full list.
Page 18
The menu cells that are read only are marked [READ] .
Cells that can be set are marked [SET].
Cells that can be reset are marked [RESET].
Cells that are password protected are marked [PWP].
3.2.2 SYSTEM DATA
0001 SYS Language The language used in the text [READ]
0002 SYS Password Password [PWP]
0003 SYS Fn Links Function Links [PWP]
LINK 0 [SYS Rem ChgStg ] 1 = Enable remote setting changes
LINK 1 [SYS Load Shed T] 1 = Enable global load shed tripping
LINK 2 [SYS Rem CB Ctrl] 1 = Enable remote circuit breaker control
LINK 3 [SYS Rem ChgGrp] 1 = Enable remote change of setting group
LINK 4 [SYS Enable Grp2 ] 1 = Enable setting group 2
LINK 5 [SYS Auto Reset] 1 = Enable auto flag reset function
LINK 6 [SYS Auto Rec] 1 = Enable auto reset of recorder
LINK 7 [SYS En Log Evts ] 1 = Enable event records to be stored
0004 SYS Description Description or user scheme identifier [PWP]
0005 SYS Plant Ref. User plant/location identifier [PWP]
0006 SYS Model No. Model number [READ]
0007 SYS Firmware No. Firmware number [READ]
0008 SYS Serial No. Serial number [READ]
0009 SYS Frequency Frequency [SET]
000A SYS Comms Level Communication level [READ]
000B SYS Rly Address Communication address [SET]
000C SYS Plant Status CB and isolator positions [READ]
000D SYS Ctrl Status Not used [READ]
000E SYS Setting Grp Setting group in use (1/2) [READ]
000F SYS LS Stage Current state of load shedding [READ]
0010 SYS CB Control CB control NO OPERATION/TRIP/CLOSE
[SET]
0011 SYS Software Ref
0020 SYS Logic Stat Current state of logic control inputs [READ]
0021 SYS Relay Stat Current state of output relays [READ]
0022 SYS Alarms State of alarms [READ]
0001 SYS Language [READ]
The language in which the text is displayed is shown at this location. On these
particular relays it is not selectable.
0002 SYS Password [PWP]
The selected configuration of the relay is locked under this password and cannot be
changed until it has been entered. Provision has been made for the user to change the
password, which may consist of four upper case letters in any combination. In the
event of the password becoming lost a recovery password can be obtained on
request, but the request must be accompanied by a note of the model and serial
number of the relay. The recovery password will be unique to one relay and will not
work on any other unless the user set password is the same.
Page 19
0003 SYS Function Links [PWP]
These function links enable selection to be made from the system options, for
example, which commands over the serial link will be acted upon. They are fully
detailed in Sections 3.2.2, 3.2.7, 3.2.8, 3.2.9, 3.2.10 and 3.2.11.
0004 SYS Description [PWP]
This is text that describes the relay type, for example THREE PHASE
OVERCURRENT. It is password protected and can be changed by the user to a
name which may describe the scheme configuration of the relay if the relay is
changed from the factory configuration.
0005 SYS Plant Reference [SET]
The plant reference can be entered by the user, but it is limited to 16 characters.
This reference is used to identify the primary plant with which the relay is
associated.
0006 SYS Model Number [READ]
The model number that is entered during manufacture has encoded into it the
mechanical assembly, ratings and configuration of the relay. It is printed on the
frontplate and should be quoted in any correspondence concerning the product.
0007 SYS Firmware Number [READ]
The version of software and memory components is coded into this number.
It cannot be changed.
0008 SYS Serial Number [READ]
The serial number is the relay identity and encodes also the year of manufacture.
It cannot be changed from the menu.
0009 SYS Frequency [SET]
The set frequency from which the relay starts tracking on power-up.
000A SYS Communication Level [READ]
This cell will contain the communication level that the relay will support. It is used
by master station programs to decide what type of commands to send to the relay.
000B SYS Relay Address [SET]
An address between 1 and 254 that identifies the relay when interconnected by a
communication bus. These addresses may be shared between several communication
buses and therefore not all these addresses will necessarily be available on the bus to
which the relay is connected. The address can be manually set. Address 0 is reserved
for the automatic address allocation feature and 255 is reserved for global messages.
The factory set address is 255.
000C SYS Plant Status [READ]
Plant status is a 16 bit word which is used to transport plant status information over
the communication network. The various bit pairs are pre-allocated to specific items
of plant.
000D SYS Control Status [READ]
The control status is not used in these relays but would act like software contacts to
transfer data from the relay to the master station controlling communications.
For example it may be used by a frequency relay to transfer data to indicate different
levels of load shedding that may be initiated by the master station.
Page 20
000E SYS Setting Group [READ]
Where a relay has alternative groups of settings which can be selected, then this cell
indicates the current group being used by the relay. For these relays it is either
(Group 1) or (Group 2).
000F SYS LS Stage [READ]
Cell 000F displays the level of load shedding at all times. It has been assumed that
load shedding will be initiated either by tripping less essential loads or by voltage
reduction, not by both methods simultaneously. Hence there is no arbitration on
what is displayed in cell 000F. If the load shed by voltage reduction feature is in use
and a command issued to load shed to level 1, then it will display Vreduct1. If a
command is then issued to the same relay to load shed trip, this same cell will
display that action even if SD1 = 0.
Load shedding by voltage reduction is always responsive to remote commands if
output relays are assigned to this function. To inhibit this function, do not assign any
output relays in the Vreduct masks.
The command levels received are latched and displayed in this cell.
Command <Level 0> = None All stages reset
Command <Level 1> = V reduct 1 Relay for stage 1 picked-up
When the auxiliary supply to the relay is interrupted the states of the relays that
initiate voltage reduction are remembered. This ensures that the level of load
shedding is not caused to change by momentary interruptions of the auxiliary
supply.
The master station is expected to take care of any operational changes to the load
shed level that may have taken place whilst a relay has been out of service,
by resending the last global load shed command.
When link SD1 = 1, it enables load shed tripping in response to commands over the
serial port. When SD1 = 0, it prevents load shed tripping in response to such
commands over the serial port.
Example: relay set to level 2:
Command <0> None all load shed circuits restored
Command <1> None no response command below set level
Command <2> LS Trip trip in response to command level 2 or greater
Command <3> LS Trip no response because already tripped
Command <1> Restoring indication during restoration time
Command <1> None circuit restored
On loss of the auxiliary supply the memory of having tripped due to a load shed trip
command is erased. This ensures that a relay that has been out of service for some
time, will not close a circuit breaker in response to a subsequent load shed
command, as this could be dangerous.
0010 SYS CB Control [SET]
This cell contains the functions for control of the circuit breaker. Via this cell the
circuit breaker can be closed and tripped either from the user interface or over a
communication network. To be able to do this, the relay has to have output relays
Page 21
allocated to circuit breaker control and these relays would normally be routed
through the remote/local control switch, arranged to complete the circuits in the
remote position.
0020 SYS Logic Stat
Current state of opto-isolated logic control inputs.
0021 SYS Relay Stat
Current state of relay outputs.
0022 Alarms
Current state of alarm flags (see Section 3.3.11).
3.2.3 Fault records [READ]
0101 FLT Ia Fault current for last trip
0102 FLT Ib Fault current for last trip
0103 FLT Ic Fault current for last trip
0104 FLT Io Fault current for last trip
0105 FLT Vab Fault line voltage for last trip
0106 FLT Vbc Fault line voltage for last trip
0107 FLT Vca Fault line voltage for last trip
0108 FLT Vo Fault residual voltage for last fault
0109 FLT CB trip time Circuit breaker operation time for last trip
010A Fnow Current state of flags (not latched)
010B Fn Flags for last fault (n) [RESET trip LED only]
010C Fn-1 Flags for fault (n-1) previous fault
010D Fn-2 Flags for fault (n-2)
010E Fn-3 Flags for fault (n-3)
010F Fn-4 Flags for fault (n-4)
0110 FLT clear record = [0] Clear fault records (except CB trip time)
[RESET]
3.2.4 Measurement (1) [READ]
0201 MS1 Ia (Ip) Current in phase A (dual polarized)
0202 MS1 Ib Current in phase B
0203 MS1 Ic Current in phase C
0204 MS1 Io Current in neutral N
0205 MS1 Vab Line voltage A-B
0206 MS1 Vbc Line voltage B-C
0207 MS1 Vca Line voltage C-A
0208 MS1 Va Phase voltage A
0209 MS1 Vb Phase voltage B
020A MS1 Vc Phase voltage C
020B MS1 Vo Residual voltage
020C MS1 F Frequency
3.2.5 Measurement (2) [READ]
0301 MS2 W Three phase power
0302 MS2 VA Three phase VoltAmps
0303 MS2 VAr Three phase reactive power
0304 MS2 Imax Highest of the three phase currents
Page 22
030C Power Factor Three phase power factor
0310 MS2 Sum(OPS) Sum of circuit breaker operations
[RESET to 0]
0311 MS2 Sum(Ia)2 Sum of (current phase A broken)2
[RESET to 0]
0312 MS2 Sum(Ib)2 Sum of (current phase B broken)2
[RESET to 0]
0313 MS2 Sum(Ic)2 Sum of (current phase C broken)2
[RESET to 0]
031E MS2 Mode 0 Mode select [PWP]
3.2.6 Signing direction of power flow
The standard current and voltage connections, shown on connection diagrams, are
the convention of forward current flow from the busbar to the feeder. This will
correspond to positive values of active power flowing from the busbar to the feeder.
However, alternative methods of signing the direction of power flow are provided
and may be selected to suit a particular application, or user's standards. The mode
for signing the direction of active and reactive power is provided in menu cell 031E
in the MEASUREMENTS 2 column of the menu.
Lagging KVARs to busbar
Mode 0 = VAR
Mode 1 = VAR
Mode 2 = +VAR
Mode 3 = +VAR
Power to busbar Power to feeder
Mode 0 = W V Mode 0 = +W
Mode 1 = +W Mode 1 = W
Mode 2 = W Mode 2 = +W
Mode 3 = +W Mode 3 = W
Lagging KVARs to feeder
Mode 0 = +VAR
Mode 1 = +VAR
Mode 2 = VAR
Mode 3 = VAR
When the relay is connected for forward power flow to the feeder then:
Mode 0 Nett Export signing : + = nett export of power and negative VARs.
Mode 1 Reversed direction : + = nett power flow to busbar in (a+jb) form.
Mode 2 Normal direction : + = nett power flow to feeder in (a+jb) form.
Mode 3 Nett import signing : + = nett import of power and negative VARs.
As a safeguard against accidental change the mode cell is password protected.
3.2.7 Earth fault (1) [SET]
0501 EF1 Fn. Links Earth fault function links [PWP]
Link 1 [EF1 EnableIo>> ] 1 = enable Io>>
Link 2 [EF1 EnableIo>>>] 1 = enable Io>>>
Link 3 [EF1 Dirn to> ] 1 = directional control of Io>
Link 4 [EF1 Dirn to>> ] 1 = directional control of Io>>
Link 5 [EF1 Dirn to>>> ] 1 = directional control of Io>>>
Link 7 [EF1 Aux 2 = Io< ] 1 = enable delayed undercurrent/CLS initiation
Link 9 [EF1 Io>>NoPeak ] 1 = Io>> operates on the Fourier result only
Link E [EF1 Rev Io>>> ] 1 = reverse direction of Io>>>
Page 23
0502 EF1 CT Ratio Ratio of CT supplying earth fault
current [PWP]
0503 EF1 VT Ratio Ratio of VT [PWP]
0504 EF1 Charact. Selectable time characteristic [PWP]
0505 EF1 Io> Current threshold for selected characteristic
0506 EF1 to>/TMS Time/time multiplier setting
0507 EF1 toRESET Hold-up time for timing integration
0508 EF1 Io>> Second current threshold
0509 EF1 to>> Time delay for second threshold
050A EF1 Io>>> Third current threshold
050B EF1 to>>> Time delay for third threshold
050C EF1 Char. Angle Characteristic angle for directional feature
050E EF1 Vop> Polarizing voltage threshold
050F EF1 Io< Undercurrent Setting
Variation for KCEG 160/KCEU 160 relays:
050D EF1 Ip CT Ratio Ratio of CT supplying polarizing current
050E EF1 Ip> Polarizing current threshold
050F EF1 Vop> Polarizing voltage threshold
0510 EF1 Io< Undercurrent setting
Variation for KCEU 141/KCEU 241 relays:
0510 EF1 Po> Wattmetric power threshold
3.2.8 Phase fault (1) [SET]
0601 PF1 Fn. Links Phase fault function links [PWP]
Link 1 [PF1 Enable I>> ] 1 = enable I>>
Link 2 [PF1 Enable I>>> ] 1 = enable I>>>
Link 3 [PF1 Dirn t> ] 1 = directional control of I>
Link 4 [PF1 Dirn t>> ] 1 = directional control of I>>
Link 5 [PF1 Dirn t>>> ] 1 = directional control of I>>>
Link 6 [PF1 En V< Trip ] 1 = enable delayed undervoltage trip
Link 7 [PF1 Aux2=I< ] 1 = enable delayed undercurrent/CLS initiation
Link 8 [PF1 I>>=2Ph ] 1 = enable 2/3 logic for I>>
Link 9 [PF1 I>>NoPeak ] 1 = I>> operates on the Fourier result only
Link E [PF1 Rev I>>> ] 1 = reverse direction of I>>>
Link F [ALL 2/3 ] 1 = 2/3 logic applied to all phase outputs
0602 PF1 CT Ratio Line CT ratio [PWP]
0603 PF1 VT Ratio Line VT ratio [PWP]
0604 PF1 Charact. Selectable time characteristic [PWP]
0605 PF1 I> Current threshold for selected characteristic
0606 PF1 t>/TMS Time/time multiplier setting
0607 PF1 tRESET Hold-up time for timing integration
0608 PF1 I>> Second current threshold
0609 PF1 t>> Time delay for second threshold
060A PF1 I>>> Third current threshold
060B PF1 t>>> Time delay for third threshold
060C PF1 Char. Angle Characteristic angle for directional feature
060D PF1 I< Undercurrent threshold
Page 24
060E PF1 V< Undervoltage threshold
060F PF1 tV< Undervoltage time delay
3.2.9 EARTH FAULT (2) [SET]
0701 EF2 Fn. Links Earth fault function links [PWP]
Link 1 [EF2 EnableIo>> ] 1 = enable Io>>
Link 2 [EF2 EnableIo>>>] 1 = enable Io>>>
Link 3 [EF2 Dirn to> ] 1 = directional control of Io>
Link 4 [EF2 Dirn to>> ] 1 = directional control of Io>>
Link 5 [EF2 Dirn to>>> ] 1 = directional control of Io>>>
Link 7 [EF1 Aux 2 = Io< ] 1 = enable delayed undercurrent/CLS initiation
Link 9 [EF2 Io>>NoPeak ] 1 = Io>> operates on the Fourier result only
Link E [EF2 Rev Io>>> ] 1 = reverse direction of Io>>>
0702 EF2 CT Ratio Ratio of CT supplying earth fault
current [PWP]
0703 EF2 VT Ratio Neutral VT ratio [PWP]
0704 EF2 Charact. Selectable time characteristic [PWP]
0705 EF2 Io> Current threshold for selected characteristic
0706 EF2 to>/TMS Time/time multiplier setting
0707 EF2 toRESET Hold-up time for timing integration
0708 EF2 Io>> Second current threshold
0709 EF2 to>> Time delay for second threshold
070A EF2 Io>>> Third current threshold
070B EF2 to>>> Time delay for third threshold
070C EF2 Char. Angle Characteristic angle for directional feature
070E* EF2 Vop> Polarizing voltage threshold
070F* EF2 Io< Undercurrent setting
0710 EF2 Po> Wattmetric power threshold
* for KCEG160/KCEU160 relays these cells are relocated similar to that in
Section 3.2.7.
3.2.10 PHASE FAULT (2) [SET]
0801 PF2 Fn. Links Phase fault function links [PWP]
Link 1 [PF2 EnableI>> ] 1 = enable I>>
Link 2 [PF2 EnableI>>> ] 1 = enable I>>>
Link 3 [PF2 Dirn t> ] 1 = directional control of I>
Link 4 [PF2 Dirn t>> ] 1 = directional control of I>>
Link 5 [PF2 Dirn t>>> ] 1 = directional control of I>>>
Link 6 [PF2 En V< Trip ] 1 = enable delayed undervoltage trip
Link 7 [PF2 Aux2=I< ] 1 = enable delayed undercurrent/Cold Load
Start initiation
Link 8 [PF2 I>>=2Ph ] 1 = enable 2/3 logic for I>>
Link 9 [PF2 I>>NoPeak ] 1 = I>> operates on the Fourier result only
Link E [PF2 Rev I>>> ] 1 = reverse direction of I>>>
Link F [ALL 2/3 ] 1 = 2/3 logic applied to all phase outputs
0802 PF2 CT Ratio Line CT ratio [PWP]
0803 PF2 VT Ratio Line VT ratio [PWP]
0804 PF2 Charact. Selectable time characteristic [PWP]
0805 PF2 I> Current threshold for selected characteristic
Page 25
0806 PF2 t>/TMS Time/time multiplier setting
0807 PF2 tRESET Hold-up time for timing integration
0808 PF2 I>> Second current threshold
0809 PF2 t>> Time delay for second threshold
080A PF2 I>>> Third current threshold
080B PF2 t>>> Time delay for third threshold
080C PF2 Char. Angle Characteristic angle for directional feature
080D PF2 I< Undercurrent threshold
080E PF2 V< Undervoltage threshold
080F PF2 tV< Undervoltage time delay
3.2.11 LOGIC FUNCTIONS [SET]
0901 LOG Fn Links Function links for miscellaneous logic [PWP]
Link 1 [LOG CB Fail ] 1 = Enable circuit breaker fail circuit
Link 2 [LOG Backtrip ] 1 = Enable backtrip circuit via Aux1
Link 3 [LOG Aux3=not I<] 1 = Enable I< to trip via Aux3 and tAUX3
Link 4 [LOG CLP dly t>> ] 1 = Cold load pick-up to delay t>>/to>>
Link 5 [LOG CLP Chg Grp] 1 = Cold load pick-up to change setting group
Link 6 [LOG CLP=tAUX2] 1 = CLP initiation delayed by tAUX2
Link 7 [LOG Latch Start ] 1 = Start function to latch flags without trip
Link 8 [LOG Aux3=not Io<] 1 = Enable Io< to trip via Aux3 and tAUX3
0902 LOG tCLP Time delay associated with cold load
pick-up [SET]
0903 LOG tAUX1 Time delay associated with Aux1 output [SET]
0906 LOG tBF Circuit breaker fail time setting [SET]
0907 LOG tTRIP Circuit breaker trip pulse setting [SET]
0908 LOG tCLOSE Circuit breaker close pulse setting [SET]
0909 LOG LS Group Load shed trip level 0-7 [SET]
090A LOG tRESTORE Load restoration time delay [SET]
090B
090C
090D
090F LOG Default Display Selected display for default [SET]
Default Display [SET]
0 Description (or User Defined Scheme Reference)
1 Plant Reference (User Defined)
2 F(now)
3 Ia Ib
Ic Io
4 Ia Io
Vab Vo
3.2.12 INPUT MASKS [PWP]
0A01 INP Blk to> Input to block to>
0A02 INP Blk to>> Input to block to>>
0A03 INP Blk to>>> Input to block to>>>
Page 26
0A04 INP Blk t> Input to block t>
0A05 INP Blk t>> Input to block t>>
0A06 INP Blk t>>> Input to block t>>>
0A07 INP CB Open CLP Input to initiate cold load pick-up from CB
0A08 INP Aux1 Input to initiate tAUX1
0A09 INP Aux2 Input to initiate tAUX2
0A0A INP Aux3 Input to initiate tAUX3
0A0B INP Stg Grp2 Input to change to setting group 2
0A0C INP CB Open Input to indicate circuit breaker open
0A0D INP CB Closed Input to indicate circuit breaker closed
0A0E INP CB to Bus2 Input to circuit breaker connected to bus 2
0A0F INP LTrip CB Input to initiate CB trip pulse timer
0A10 INP LClose CB Input to initiate CB close pulse timer
3.2.13 Relay mask [PWP]
0B01 RLY Io> Fwd Relay to be operated by Io> FWD/Io> START
0B02 RLY Io> Rev Relay to be operated by Io> REV
0B03 RLY to> Relay to be operated by to>
0B04 RLY to>> Relay to be operated by to>>
0B05 RLY to>>> Relay to be operated by to>>>
0B06 RLY I> Fwd Relay to be operated by I> FWD/I> START
0B07 RLY I> Rev Relay to be operated by I> REV
0B08 RLY t> Relay to be operated by t>
0B09 RLY t>> Relay to be operated by t>>
0B0A RLY t>>> Relay to be operated by t>>>
0B0B RLY tV< Relay to be operated by tV<
0B0C RLY Aux1 Relay to be operated by Aux1
0B0D RLY Aux2 Relay to be operated by Aux2
0B0E RLY Aux3 Relay to be operated by Aux3
0B0F RLY V Reduct 1 Relay to cause stage 1 voltage reduction
0B10 RLY V Reduct 2 Relay to cause stage 2 voltage reduction
0B11 RLY V Reduct 3 Relay to cause stage 3 voltage reduction
0B12 RLY CB Trip Relay to provide remote trip of circuit breaker
0B13 RLY CB Close Relay to provide remote close of circuit breaker
3.2.14 Recorder
0C01 REC Control RUNNING/TRIGGERED/STOPPED [SET]
0C02 REC Capture SAMPLES/MAGNITUDE/PHASE [SET]
0C03 REC Post Trigger Trace length after trigger [SET]
0C05 REC Relay Trig Select relay output to trigger [SET]
3.3 Changing text and settings

To enter the setting mode
Settings and text in certain cells of the menu can be changed via the user interface.
To do this the cover must be removed from the front of the relay to gain access to
the [+] and [] keys. Give the [F] key a momentary press to change from the
selected default display and switch on the backlight; the heading SYSTEM DATA
will be displayed. Use the [+] and [] keys, or a long [F] key press, to select the
column containing the setting or text cell that is to be changed. Then with the [F]
Page 27
key step down the column until the contents of the cell are displayed. Press the [+]
or [] key to put the relay into the setting mode, which will be indicated by a
flashing cursor on the bottom line of the display. If the cell is a read-only cell then
the cursor will not appear and the relay will not be in the setting mode.
To escape from the setting mode
TO ESCAPE FROM THE SETTING PROCEDURE WITHOUT EFFECTING
ANY CHANGE: HOLD THE [0] KEY DEPRESSED FOR ONE SECOND, THE
ORIGINAL SETTING WILL BE RETAINED.
To accept the new setting
Press the [F] key until the display reads:
Are You Sure?
+ = YES = NO .
1. Press the [0] key if you decide not to make any change.
2. Press the [] key if you want to further modify the data before entry.
3. Press the [+] to accept the change. This will terminate the setting mode.
3.3.1 Password protection
Password protection is only provided for the configuration settings of the relay.
This includes time curve selection, set CT and VT ratios, function link settings,
opto-input and relay output allocation. Any accidental change to configuration could
seriously affect the ability of the relay to perform its intended functions, whereas, a
setting error may only cause a grading problem. Individual protection settings are
protected from change when the relay cover is in place.
Entering passwords
The [+] and [] keys can be used to select a character at the position of the cursor.
When the desired character has been set the [F] key can be given a momentary press
to move the cursor to the position for the next character. The process can then be
repeated to enter all four characters that make up the password. When the fourth
character is acknowledged by a momentary press of the [F] key the display will
read:
Are You Sure?
+ = YES = NO
1. Press the [0] key if you decide not to enter the password.
2. Press the [] key if you want to modify the entry.
3. Press the [+] to enter the password. The display will then show four stars * * * *
and if the password was accepted the alarm LED will flash. If the password is
not accepted a further attempt can be made to enter it, or the [0] key used to
escape. Password protection is reinstated when the alarm LED stops flashing,
fifteen minutes after the last key press, or by selecting a column heading or the
PASSWORD cell and pressing the [0] key for more than one second.
3.3.2 Changing passwords
After entering the current password and it is accepted, as indicated by the alarm
LED flashing, the [F] key is pressed momentarily to move to the next menu cell.
If instead, it is required to enter a new password, the [+] key must be pressed to
select the setting mode. A new password can be entered with the same procedure
described in Section 3.3.1. Only capital (upper case) letters may be used for the
password.
Page 28
BE SURE TO MAKE A NOTE OF THE PASSWORD BEFORE ENTERING IT.
ACCESS WILL BE DENIED WITHOUT THE CORRECT PASSWORD.
3.3.3 Entering text
Enter the setting mode as described in Section 3.3 and move the cursor with the [F]
key to where the text is to be entered or changed. Then using the [+] and [] keys,
select the character to be displayed. The [F] key may then be used to move the
cursor to the position of the next character and so on. Follow the instructions in
Section 3.3 to exit from the setting change.
3.3.4 Changing function links
Select the page heading required and step down one line to FUNCTION LINKS and
press either the [+] or [] to put the relay in a setting change mode. A cursor will
flash on the bottom line at the extreme left position. This is link F; as indicated by
the character printed on the frontplate under the display.
Press the [F] key to step along the row of links, one link at a time, until some text
appears on the top line that describes the function of a link. The [+] key will change
the link to a 1 to select the function and the [] key will change it to a 0 to
deselect it. Not all links can be set, some being factory selected and locked. The
links that are locked in this way are usually those for functions that are not supported
by a particular relay, when they will be set to 0. Merely moving the cursor past a
link position does not change it in any way.
3.3.5 Changing setting values
Move through the menu until the cell that is to be edited is displayed. Press the [+]
or [] key to put the relay into the setting change mode. A cursor will flash in the
extreme left hand position on the bottom line of the display to indicate that the relay
is ready to have the setting changed. The value will be incremented in single steps
by each momentary press of the [+] key, or if the [+] key is held down the value will
be incremented with increasing rapidity until the key is released. Similarly, the []
key can be used to decrement the value. Follow the instructions in Section 3.3 to exit
from the setting change.
Note: When entering CT RATIO or VT RATIO the overall ratio should be
entered, ie. 2000/5A CT has an overall ratio of 400:1. With rated current
applied the relay will display 5A when CT RATIO has the default value
of 1:1 and when the RATIO is set to 400:1 the displayed value will be
400 x 5 = 2000A.
3.3.6 Setting communication address
The communication address will normally be set to 255, the global address to all
relays on the network, when the relay is first supplied. Reply messages are not
issued from any relay for a global command, because they would all respond at the
same time and result in contention on the bus. Setting the address to 255 will ensure
that when first connected to the network they will not interfere with communications
on existing installations. The communication address can be manually set by
selecting the appropriate cell for the SYSTEM DATA column, entering the setting
mode as described in Section 3.3 and then decrementing or incrementing the
address.
It is recommended that the user enters the plant reference in the appropriate cell and
then sets the address manually to 0. The master station will then detect that a new
relay has been added to the network and automatically allocate the next available
Page 29
address on the bus to which that relay is connected and communications will then be
fully established.
3.3.7 Setting control input masks
An eight bit mask is allocated to each protection and control function that can be
influenced by an external input applied to one or more of the opto-isolated control
inputs. When an input mask is selected the text on the top line of the display
indicates the associated control function and the bottom line of the display shows a
series of 1s and 0s for the selected mask. The numbers printed on the frontplate
under the display indicate the number of the control input (L7 to L0) that is being
displayed. A 1 indicates that a particular input will effect the displayed control
function and a 0 indicates that it will not. The same input may be used to control
more than one function.
3.3.8 Setting relay output masks
An eight bit mask is allocated to each protection and control function. When a mask
is selected the text on the top line of the display indicates the associated function and
the bottom line of the display shows a series of 1s and 0s for the selected mask.
The numbers printed on the frontplate under the display indicate the number of the
output relay (RLY7 to RLY0) that each bit controls. A 1 indicates that the relay
will respond to the displayed function and a 0 indicates that it will not.
The mask acts like an OR function so that more than one relay may be allocated to
the same function. An output mask may be set to operate the same relay as another
mask so that, for example, one output relay may be arranged to operate for all the
functions required to trip the circuit breaker and another for the functions that are to
initiate autoreclose.
3.3.9 Resetting values and records
Some values and records can be reset to zero or some predefined value. To achieve
this the menu cell must be displayed, then the [0] key must be held depressed for at
least one second to effect the reset. The fault records are slightly different because
they are a group of settings and to reset these the last cell under FAULT RECORDS
must be selected. This will display:
FLT clear
records = [0]
To reset the fault records hold the [0] key depressed for more than 1 second.
3.3.10 Resetting TRIP LED indication
The TRIP LED can be reset when the flags for the last fault are displayed. They are
displayed automatically after a trip occurs, or can be selected in the fault record
column. The reset is effected by depressing the [0] key for 1 second. Resetting the
fault records as described in 3.3.9 will also reset the TRIP LED indication.
Set function link SD5 to 1 for automatic reset of trip LED.
3.3.11 Alarm records
The alarm flags are towards the end of the SYSTEM DATA column of the menu
and consist of six characters that may be either 1 or 0 to indicate the set and
reset states of the alarm. The control keys perform for this menu cell in the same
way as they do for Function Links. The cell is selected with the function key [F] and
the relay then put in the setting mode by pressing the [+] key to display the cursor.
The cursor will then be stepped through the alarm word from left to right with each
press of the [F] key and text identifying the alarm bit selected will be displayed.
Page 30
000000
Unconfig protection not operational needs to be configured
Uncalib protection is running uncalibrated calibration error
Setting protection is running possible setting error
No Service protection is out of service
No Samples relay not sampling but not out of service
No Fourier relay not performing Fourier on the data but not
out of service
For the above listed alarms the ALARM LED will be continuously lit.
However, there is another form of alarm that causes the ALARM LED to flash and
this indicates that the password has been entered to allow access to change protected
settings within the relay. This is not generally available as a remote alarm and the
alarm flags do not change.
No control will be possible via the key pad if the Unconfigured alarm is raised
because the relay will be locked in a non-operate state.
3.3.12 Default display (LCD)
The LCD changes to a default display if no key presses are made for 15 minutes.
The default display can be selected to any of the options listed in Section 3.2.11
LOGIC FUNCTIONS location 090F by following the setting procedure given in
Section 3.2.5. The display can be returned to the default value, without waiting the
fifteen minute delay, by selecting any column heading and then holding the [0] reset
key depressed for 1 second.
When the protection trips the display changes automatically to display the fault
flags. The trip LED indication may be reset by pressing the [0] key whilst they are
displayed, otherwise see Section 3.3.10.
3.4 Selective Features and Logic
In this section the scheme logic is broken down into groups which are described
individually. The logic is represented in a ladder diagram format and the key to the
symbols used is shown in Figure 4.
Contacts have been used to represent the output of the various protection and control
functions, even though they are actually implemented in software. The contacts are
all shown in the state they would take up with no inputs applied to the protective
relay.
The function links are also implemented in software but have been drawn as
mechanical links. They are shown in the factory default position for the basic factory
configuration. In position 0 the function is deselected and in 1 the function is
selected.
Opto-isolated control inputs L7-L0, are represented by an eight bit mask with a
thicker line at the top and left hand side of the mask. The control asserted by the
input is stated above the mask and the position of the 1s within the mask will
determine the input(s) that assert the control. More than one control input may be
assigned by the mask and the same control inputs may be used in several masks.
The output relays RLY7 RLY0 are represented by an eight bit mask with a thicker
line at the bottom and right hand side. A mask is allocated to each protection and
control function that can be assigned to an output relay. The function asserted on the
mask is stated by the text above it and the position of the 1s in the mask
Page 31
determines which relay(s) operate in response. More than one output relay may be
assigned by a mask and the same relay may be assigned by several masks.
INP BLOCK t >> RLY TRIP t >>

Input mask Relay mask
CLOSE CB Remote command
0
Hardware representation of software links
1
PF2
I>>>
Contact representation of output
I>>> from a protection function
t> Delayed closing
t>
t> Delayed opening
t>
All contacts are shown in the de-energised position
Figure 4. Key to symbols used in the Logic Diagrams
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 Function 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 Function 2 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 Function 3 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0
0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 Function 4 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0
0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 Logic status Relay status 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0
L0 RLY0
L1 RLY1
L2 RLY2
L3 RLY3
L4 RLY4
L5 RLY5
L6 RLY6
L7 RLY7
Figure 5. Operation of input/output masks

Function 1 is initiated by L0 as indicated by the position of the 1 in the input
mask.
The input masks act as an OR gate so that for function 2 it is initiated by either, or
both, L0 and L1, but L1 will not initiate function 1.
Page 32
Both functions 3 and 4 can be initiated by L3, but only function 4 is initiated by L5.
Similarly the output masks can be used to direct the output of a function to any relay.
The relay masks also act as OR gates so that several functions can be directed to a
particular output relay. In the example function 1 operates relays 3 and 6, however,
relay 3 is also operated by functions 2, 3, and 4.
3.4.1 Overcurrent function and logic
3.4.1.1 Overcurrent function
There are three overcurrent stages per pole and the settings for each stage are
completely independent of each other, within the allowable setting ranges.
These elements have settings designated as I>, I>> and I>>> for phase faults
and the settings of each of these parameters affect all three phase elements equally.
Each threshold has a corresponding following time delay t>, t>>, t>>>. See Figure 6.
For earth faults there are separate threshold adjustments Io>, Io>>, and Io>>> and
associated following time delays to>, to>>, to>>>.
I>/Io> elements operate when the power frequency component of the current exceeds
the set threshold. These elements may be set as a low set overload protection and
may be expected to have relatively long associated time delays.
Time delays associated with these elements are respectively t>/to> and a time/current
characteristic may be chosen from a selection of standard curves, or may be set to
non-dependent (definite) time.
The time delays for threshold detection stages I>>, Io>>, I>>>, Io>>> may be set to
give zero delay for instantaneous operation, if required.
The frequency response for these elements is given in Section 5.15.
I>
t>
Time
I>>
t>>
I< I>>>
t>>>
Current
Figure 6. Overcurrent characteristic
3.4.1.2 Start function

All overcurrent relays are provided with separate phase and earth fault START
functions which respond when the current exceeds the I> or Io> thresholds. The use
of the START outputs in overcurrent blocking schemes is described later in this
document.
If any of the elements I>, I>>, I>>> (or Io>, Io>>, Io>>>) is selectively
directionalized then complementary FORWARD START and REVERSE START
Page 33
functions are provided for the respective phase and earth fault elements. A non
directional START indication can be obtained if both the FORWARD START and
REVERSE START functions are directed to the same output relay. This relay will
then operate when the current threshold is exceeded regardless of the direction of
current flow. However, if none of the three elements is directionalized then the
FORWARD START becomes non-directional, regardless of polarizing signal, and
the REVERSE START becomes inoperative.
3.4.1.3 Undercurrent function
The undercurrent elements I</Io<, shown in Figure 6, respond only to the
instantaneous value of the waveform and require the peak value of at least one half
cycle to be below the set threshold to indicate an undercurrent condition, thus giving
the fast response necessary for the breaker fail applications. However, before an
output is given, an undercurrent condition has to be detected by all the undercurrent
elements in the relay: the three phase elements and earth element.
An undercurrent condition is assumed not to exist when both the positive and
negative peaks of the waveform, on any one phase, exceed the threshold I< or Io<.
The requirement for both peaks to exceed the threshold reduces over-reach that
would be caused by the exponential component of current. This element has no
software filtering and will be responsive to harmonics, but the higher frequencies
will receive some attenuation from the anti-aliasing filter, as shown in Figure 37.
Time delayed outputs can be obtained from the undercurrent elements via the
auxiliary timers. The undercurrent feature can be an indication of loss of critical
loads and using an inverted undercurrent signal, an additional fourth overcurrent
definite time stage can be arranged.
3.4.1.4 Overcurrent logic
The overcurrent logic is shown in Figure 7. This diagram and the description
following applies equally to the earth fault logic. When the current threshold I> is
exceeded and output is directed to the [RLY I>] mask, this will result in the output
relay(s) designated by the mask being energized. Provided no control is being
asserted by the input assigned to the [INP Blk t>] mask and the I> is exceeded, the
timer t> will run. When t> times out the output relay assigned in the [RLY t>] mask
will be energized and close its contacts. If at any time during the timing cycle the
assigned control input is energized, timer t> will be blocked and reset to zero when
the reset time has expired.
The second overcurrent function I>> is selected by the phase fault link PF1 (for
earth faults Io>> by EF1). There is no start function associated with the I>> setting,
only a trip output from the following timer t>>. External control can be asserted
over this time delay by the control input assigned by the input mask [INP Blk t>>]
and the output relay is assigned by mask [RLY t>>].
The third overcurrent function I>>> is selected by link PF2 (for earth faults Io>>>
by EF2). The following time delay t>>> has external control assigned by mask [INP
Blk t>>>] and output relays assigned by [RLY t>>>]
Two Out of Three Logic
The t>> element has been provided with a two out of three logic, selected by link
PF8. When selected it will ensure operation only occurs for phase/phase faults and
double phase to earth faults. It will not operate for single phase earth faults.
Page 34
INP Blk t >
& t>
RLY t >
I>
RLY I > (Start)
INP Blk t >>
0
& t >>
RLY t >>
1 0
PF1 I >>
1 2/3
INP Blk t >>> PF8
0 & t >>>
RLY t >>>
1
PF2 I >>>
Figure 7. Overcurrent logic
3.4.2 Directional overcurrent function and logic

3.4.2.1 Directional overcurrent and earth fault relays function
Phase fault directional elements are polarized by the quadrature phase/phase voltage,
and the earth fault elements are polarized by the zero sequence voltage.
The direction part of the measurement includes a threshold value on the polarizing
quantity, and for phase fault measurement this threshold is fixed. However for earth
faults an adjustable threshold is provided to allow a setting above any imbalance in
the zero sequence polarizing signal to be applied. Control is provided for adjustment
of the characteristic angle of the relay.
The directional decision is applied after the current threshold and before the
following associated time delay. The directionalization of any element can be
selectively overridden by adjusting software links in the relay menu to a suitable
setting.
The undercurrent element I< is the exception since this element is not provided with
directional control.
Zone of
forward start
forward operation
Is
c90 c c+90
Is
Reverse start
Figure 8. Directional characteristic
Page 35
3.4.2.2 Directional overcurrent and earth fault relay logic
The directional overcurrent logic is shown in Figure 9 for the phase elements and the
following description applies equally to the directional earth fault logic. When the
current threshold I> is exceeded and the polarizing signal is above the threshold
Vp>, an output is directed to the [RLY I> Fwd] mask for forward current flow and
to the [RLY I> Rev] for reverse current flow. A non-directional start can be obtained
by allocating the same output relay in both start masks so that it operates for forward
or reverse current flow. The time delay t> starts timing when the current exceeds the
I> setting and link PF3 is set to 0 to give a non-directional trip via the [RLY t>]
mask. With link PF3 set to 1 the time delay will only run if the current exceeds the
I> threshold and is in the forward direction. External control is asserted via input
mask [INP Blk t>] and when this input is energized the time delay is reset to zero
after the reset delay setting.
Selective directionalization of overcurrent elements
If link PF3 (EF3 for EF) is set to 1 time delay t> (to>) starts timing when the
current exceeds the I> (Io>) setting and is in a forward direction. If link PF3 (EF3) is
set to 0 t> (to>) will start timing when the current exceeds the I> (Io>) setting
regardless of the direction of flow. The circuits associated with the I>>/Io>> and
I>>>/Io>>> elements are not shown, but they also can be selectively directionalized
with their respective function links PF4/EF4 and PF5/EF5.
Selective directionalization of the start outputs
The phase fault start outputs will be directionalized if any one of the phase elements
is selected to be directionalized and similarly the earth fault start outputs will be
directionalized if any one of the earth fault elements is selected to be directionalized.
A non-directional start can be obtained by allocating the same output relay in both
start masks so that it operates for forward or reverse current flow, but note that no
output will be obtained if the voltage is below the polarizing voltage threshold
setting Vp> for phase faults and Vop> for earth faults.
Alternatively, if all three phase fault elements are selected to be non-directional then
the phase fault forward start mask will respond with a non-directional start without
requiring a polarizing voltage to be present. Similarly if all three earth fault elements
are selected to be non-directional the earth fault start mask will respond with a non-
directional start without requiring a polarizing voltage to be present. In either case
the associated reverse start mask will be inoperative.
INP Blk t>
0
& t>
RLY t >
1
PF3
I> Vp > Fwd RLY I > Fwd (Start)
Rev RLY I > Rev (Start)
Figure 9. Directional overcurrent logic
Page 36
3.4.3 Polarisation of earth fault elements
The earth fault element is normally directionalised by the earth fault polarising
voltage (Vop = 3Vo). No directional output is generated if the voltage or current
inputs are too low to correctly determine the phase angle. Vo also has an additional
voltage threshold (Vop>).
Reverse blocking occurs when the current vector appears in the reverse start zone; as
shown in Figure 8, where the characteristic boundaries are 90 from the relay
characteristic angle. For the current operate vector to be on the relay characteristic
angle under fault conditions, the relay characteristic angle must be set according to
the expected system earth fault angle.
3.4.3.1 KCEU141 Earth fault element
In addition to the standard earth fault element characteristic, the KCEU141/241
incorporates an additional wattmetric characteristic typical applications of this
type of characteristic being resonant (Petersen) coil earthed systems.
(The application of the KCEU141/241 is further described in a separate application
note).
The conditions for operation of the wattmetric directional elements are:
1. The earth fault current exceeds the current setting Io>.
2. The residual voltage exceeds the voltage setting Vop>.
3. Zero sequence power exceeds Po>.
4. The phase angle () between the fault current and the polarising voltage is such
that the fault current lies in the forward zone (90 about the characteristic
angle). The relay characteristic angle (c) may be set between 180 and +180.
With this wide range of adjustment, the directionality of the relay can be
reversed.
Setting the wattmetric power threshold (Po) to zero disables this characteristic and
the element reverts to the standard directional characteristic.
When set, the wattmetric power characteristic affects the directional control signal
of all earth elements, Io>, Io>>, Io>>>, Io start.
3.4.3.2 Dual polarized earth fault relays
The dual polarized relays have the addition of a polarizing current threshold in
parallel with the polarizing voltage threshold and at least one of these thresholds
must be exceeded before a directionalized output can be given.
INP Blk to >
0
& to >
RLY to >
1
EF3
Io > Vop > Fwd RLY Io> Fwd (Start)
Ip > Rev RLY Io> Rev (Start)
Figure 10. Dual polarised earth fault logic.
Page 37
3.4.4 Undervoltage function and logic
3.4.4.1 Undervoltage function
Directional phase fault relays have the addition of a three phase undervoltage
characteristic that can be arranged to provide a trip command when the supply is
lost. It requires the voltage on all three phases to fall below the set threshold V<
before an output is obtained. A following adjustable time delay tV< is provided in
the trip path for this element to prevent operation during a fault when the voltage
may be temporarily depressed.
3.4.4.2 Undervoltage logic
Directional relays have the addition of an undervoltage trip. This can be arranged to
operate an output relay via mask [RLY tV<], after a set delay (tV<), so that the
circuit breaker is tripped on loss of all three phase voltages. The circuit breaker or
undercurrent element, may then initiate CLP as described in Section 3.4.8.
tV<
0 RLY tV <
1
PF6 V<
Figure 11. Undervoltage logic
3.4.5 Auxiliary timers (Models A and B)

There are three auxiliary timers in the relays that are sometimes used in the internal
scheme logic, as will be discussed later in this document. When they are not used
internally they may be used as discrete time delays for external functions. They may
be initiated via the opto-isolated control inputs and their outputs directed to any of
the output relays by suitably setting the associated RELAY MASKS.
All the settings for the auxiliary timing functions that are used in the logic of the
protection are located under the LOGIC heading of the menu. The setting of the
Logic Function Links, together with the setting of the input and output masks,
control the way in which the optional features are used, thus maximizing the use of
the available functions. All function links and input/output masks are password
protected to prevent accidental changes being made during the course of minor
setting adjustments.
3.4.5.1 Auxiliary timers (Models A and B)
Figure 12a shows three auxiliary timers that may be initiated from external inputs
assigned in the respective input masks and which, after the set time delay, operate
the relays assigned in the relay masks.
Setting link PF7 to 1, timer tAUX2 will be initiated when the currents for all three
phases and earth elements are below the respective undercurrent settings
(I</Io<) to give a time delayed undercurrent output.
Setting link LOG3 to 1, timer tAUX3 will be initiated when any of the three phase
or earth fault currents rise above their respective undercurrent threshold
(I</Io<). This can be used to provide a fourth time delayed overcurrent and earth
fault stage.
In the KCEU 141/KCEU 241 the time tAUX3 will be initiated from external inputs
only.
Page 38
INP Aux1 RLY Aux1 I<
tAUX1 0
1
INP Aux2 RLY Aux2 LOG2
PF7
1 tAUX2
0 I<
INP Aux3 RLY Aux3
LOG3
1 tAUX3
0
I<
Figure 12a. Auxiliary time delays
3.4.5.2 Auxiliary timers (Models C and onwards)

Figure 12b shows three auxiliary timers that may be initiated from external inputs
assigned in the respective input masks and which, after the set time delay, operate
the relays assigned in the relay masks.
Setting link PF7 to 1, timer tAUX2 will be initiated when the currents for all three
phases are below the undercurrent settings (I<). Setting link EF7 1, timer tAUX2
will be initiated when the earth fault current is below the undercurrent setting (Io<).
The output to the relay assigned in the [RLY Aux2] output mask will be delayed by
the time setting tAUX2.
Setting link LOG3 to 1, timer tAUX3 will be initiated when the current in any of
the three phases rises above the undercurrent threshold (I<). This can be used to
provide a fourth time delayed overcurrent and fault stage. Similarly setting link
LOG8 to 1 will produce the same effect when the residual current exceeds the
setting (Io<).
LOG2
INP Aux1 1 RLY Aux1
0
I<
tAUX1
Io<
INP Aux2 RLY Aux2
PF7 I<
1 tAUX2
0 EF7 Io<
1
0
INP Aux3 RLY Aux3
LOG3 I<
1 tAUX3
0 LOG8 Io<
1
0
Figure 12b. Auxiliary timers
Page 39
3.4.6 Breaker fail and backtripping
3.4.6.1 Breaker failure protection
When selected, the breaker fail logic is activated by any protection function that has
been selected to operate output relay 3 and is terminated when the command signal
to this relay is terminated. This feature is arranged to inhibit the START,
FORWARD START, REVERSE START functions if the circuit breaker fails to
trip.
3.4.6.2 Breaker failure protection (Models A & B)
Relay RLY3 is designated for the trip functions, as will be explained in Section
3.4.13. When link LOG1 is set to 1 a command to operate RLY3, via any output
mask, will also initiate the breaker fail time delay within the relay. If the circuit
breaker fails to trip within the set time tBF, the start relays are reset to remove any
block which they may be asserting on an upstream relay.
The circuit breaker fail time delay tBF can also be arranged to produce a back trip so
that the trip can be transferred directly to the next circuit breaker back in the system.
To achieve this Link LOG2 has to be set to 1 and an output relay allocated via the
[RLY Aux 1] output mask for backtrip.
The [RLY Aux 1] input mask can be used to assign one of the control inputs to
initiate the time delay tAUX1. By this means an externally initiated breaker fail
function can be set up. Time delay taux1 will be set to the required circuit breaker
fail time setting and a backtrip output will be given via the [RLY Aux1] output
mask. The backtrip output and the breaker fail timers are checked by the
undercurrent element to ensure fast reset.
INP Blk t >

& t>
RLY t >
I>
RLY I > (Start)
LOG1
Relay 3 operated 1 tBF
tBF 0
1
LOG2 0
INP Aux1 RLY Aux 1 I<
tAUX1 0
LOG2 1
Figure 13a. Breaker fail protection
3.4.6.3 Breaker fail protection (Models C and onwards)

Relay RLY3 is designated for the trip functions, as will be explained in Section
3.4.13. When link LOG1 is set to 1 a command to operate RLY3, via any output
mask, will also initiate the breaker fail time delay within the relay. If the circuit
breaker fails to trip within the set time tBF, the start relays are reset to remove any
block which they may be asserting on an upstream relay.
The circuit breaker fail time delay tBF can also be arranged to produce a back trip;
an output to directly trip the next circuit breaker back in the system. To achieve this
Page 40
Link LOG2 must be set to 1 and an output relay allocated via the [RLY Aux 1]
output mask for backtrip.
The [INP Aux 1] input mask can be used to assign one of the control inputs to
initiate the time delay tAUX1. By this means an externally initiated breaker fail
function can be set up. Time delay tAUX1 will be set to the required circuit breaker
fail time setting and a backtrip output will be given via the [RLY Aux 1] output
mask. Provided link LOG2 is set to 1 the output relay and the breaker fail timers
are checked by the undercurrent element to ensure fast reset.
INP Blk t >

& t>
RLY t >
I>
RLY I > (Start)
Output relay 3 (Trip) LOG1

operated to initiate 1 tBF
0
I<
1
Io< LOG2 0
tBF
LOG2
INP Aux1 1 RLY Aux 1
0
I<
tAUX1
Io<
Figure 13b. Breaker fail protection
3.4.6.4 Backtrip
The breaker fail function can be directed to one of the output relays so that in the
event of the local circuit breaker failing to trip, the trip signal can be re-routed
directly to the upstream circuit breaker. The same backtrip relay can be energized by
an external input via one of the auxiliary timers; this timer being set to the required
breaker fail delay. In each case the backtrip relay and breaker fail timers will be
reset by a current check element.
3.4.7 Alternative setting group
An alternative group of settings is provided for both the phase and earth fault
protection functions. The alternative settings can be selected at any time, either by
energizing an opto-isolated control input assigned to this function, or by a remote
command via the serial communication port of the relay. A decision has to be made
during commissioning as to which method is to be used to select the alternative
setting group. It is not possible to select by both local and remote control at the same
time.
3.4.7.1 Change of setting group control
When link SD4 is set to 0 only the settings for one of the setting groups will be
displayed: the other group will be inactive and hidden. To activate the second group
of phase fault and earth fault settings link SD4 must be set to 1. The second group
of settings will then appear in the menu and can be set in the usual way.
Group 1 settings are normally in use and switching to the group 2 settings requires
either a remote command to be received via the serial communication port or an
Page 41
external input via one of the opto-isolated control inputs. For reasons of operational
safety it has not been made possible to control the setting group change both locally
and remotely at the same time. Link SD3 decides which method is to be used; it is
set to 1 for remote control of the change and to 0 for local control.
INP Stg Grp2

LOG 5
0 SD3
1 0 Select
tCLP
1 alternative
SD4 Remote change 1
Reset setting GRP2
1
set
0 Remote change 2
Figure 14. Change of setting group control
3.4.7.2 Remote change of setting group

Remote commands are not maintained, so a set/reset arrangement is used to store the
last received command. The setting group that is currently in use can be found by
looking at SYS Setting Grp in the SYSTEM DATA column of the menu, or
Fnow in the FAULT RECORD of default display if selected. The setting group
remains as selected when the auxiliary supply is interrupted.
3.4.7.3 Local control of setting group
Local control is asserted via the input mask [INP Stg Gp2] and the control input that
is set in this mask. The relay will respond to the group 2 settings whilst this input is
energized and the setting group 1 when it is de-energized. The setting group can also
be changed by the cold load start circuit as described in the next section.
Note: To enable individual settings to be changed remotely System Data Link SD0
must be set to 1. If instead it is set to 0 then it will not be possible to
change individual settings over the communication link.
3.4.8 Cold load pick-up
Cold load pick-up refers to the need to either inhibit the instantaneous low set
element of the overcurrent protection or raise the overcurrent settings for a period of
time when a circuit is energized. This allows the protection settings to be set closer
to the load profile, by increasing settings automtically to cover the transient
increases on circuit energization. This feature is not available in the KCEU 141/
KCEU 241 relay.
For systems where the load is predominantly air conditioning there will be large
transient currents whilst the blower motors start up. To cater for this type of load it
may be sufficient to simply block the instantaneous low-set elements for a short
time. However, where the domestic loads are predominantly formed by resistance
heating, the second method would be preferable where the fault settings for both the
instantaneous low-set and the inverse time overcurrent elements are increased.
The cold load pick-up feature can be used to compensate for many transient load
conditions including motor starting.
The cold load pick-up timer (tCLP) allows for time delays from zero to 4 hours.
Page 42
INP Blk t >>
LOG4
& t >> 0
0 RLY t >> 1
1
I >>
PF1
INP CB Open CLP LOG6

0 tCLP
From auxiliary 2 timer and I<
1
Figure 15. Cold load pick-up increased lowset delay
3.4.8.1 Instantaneous low set element delayed by cold load pick-up

The cold load pick-up logic consists of a timer (tCLP) which picks up without any
intentional delay when the protected circuit is de-energized. The initiating contact
would be typically an auxiliary contact of the circuit breaker (52b) that is closed
when the circuit breaker is open and assigned in the [CB Open CLP] input mask.
The link LOG4 must be set to 1 then the output [RLY t>>] is delayed until the
cold load pick-up time delay (tCLP) has timed out. This will delay operation for
motor starting currents that may result when the predominant load is air conditioning
plant. It may also be used to give additional compensation for transformer inrush
currents when I>> is set lower than that recommended for stabilization under
transformer inrush conditions, but care should be taken if transformer inrush can
occur when the circuit is already energized. Setting link LOG4 to 0 inhibits this
option.
The cold load pick-up feature may not be reliable with dual powered relays when
energized from current alone, because the initiation may disappear before the relay
powers up.
3.4.8.2 Group 2 settings selected by cold load pick-up
Setting link LOG5 to 1and SD3 to 0 causes the protection to change to the
group 2 settings for the cold load pick-up delay (tCLP), but only if the alternative
setting group has been activated with link SD4 and selection is set to local with
link SD3. Link LOG4 must be set to 0 to prevent the short time delay (t>>) being
increased. Setting the LOG5 link to 0 inhibits this option.
This feature is useful where the predominant load is resistance type heating because
it takes longer for the loading to diversify. Therefore, the overload settings have to
be increased for periods of up to four hours. It is also useful for setting the protection
to grade with large industrial motors where the starting time may exceed the
required protection trip time.
The cold load pick-up may be initiated via the [CB Open CLP] mask as in the
previous example. However, where the load is predominantly resistance heating
with thermostatic control, the cold load pick-up feature will not be required to take
effect unless the circuit has been de-energized for sufficient time for all the
thermostats to reset. Delayed initiation can be provided by timer tAUX2.
To select this method, the control input that is to initiate cold load start should be
assigned in the [INP Aux2] input mask instead of [CB Open CLP] mask and link
LOG6 should be set to 1.
Page 43
By setting link PF7 to 1, cold load pick-up may be initiated by the phase and earth
fault undercurrent elements instead of a circuit breaker contact. A delayed
undercurrent output may be provided via the relay assigned in the [RLY Aux2]
mask.
INP CB Open CLP LOG6

0 tCLP
1
INP Aux 2 RLY Aux 2
PF7 I<
1 tAUX2
0 INP Stg Grp2
LOG5
SD 4 0 SD3
0
Select
1 1
tCLP Setting GRP2
0 1
Figure 16. Cold load pick-up increased protection settings
3.4.9 Circuit breaker control

For the relay to respond to remote close and trip commands for the circuit breaker it
is necessary to set link SD2 to 1 and allocate output relays via both the [RLY CB
Close] and [RLY CB Trip] masks. The commands are not sustained for the closing
time of the breaker and so time delays assert the close and trip commands to the
circuit breaker for a set period of time (a pulse output of duration set by time delays
tTRIP and tCLOSE).
RLY 7 is usually allocated to [RLY CB Trip] and RLY 6 would be used for [RLY
CB Close].
Two circuit breaker auxiliary contacts, to indicate the circuit breaker position, must
be connected to the control inputs of the relay. The inputs, assigned by the input
masks [INP CB Closed] and [INP CB Open], are directed to the appropriate two bits
L6 L5 L4 CB2 L3 L2 L1 CB1
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0
INP LClose CB Plant Status Word
INP LTrip CB
RLY CB Trip
SD2 Trip CB tTRIP
1 RLY CB Close
0 Close CB tCLOSE
INP CB Closed
INP CB Open
To plant status
Word CB status
INP CB to Bus2
Figure 17. Remote circuit breaker control
Page 44
in the plant status word for CB1. The Plant Statu Word is used by the master station
to determine where there are circuit breakers on the system which can be controlled
and if they are in the open or closed position. A third opto-input may be used to
indicate when the circuit breaker is connected to the second busbar in a two busbar
system and is assigned by the [INP CB to Bus2] input mask. When this input is
energized the circuit breaker positional information is directed to the two bits in the
Plant Status Word for CB2.
The two input masks [INP LClose CB] and [INP LOpen CB] assign control inputs
for local initiation of the close and trip pulse timers for the circuit breaker.
Manual closure of the circuit breaker via the relay will ensure that closure does not
take place unless the relay is operative. It should be noted that by tripping the circuit
breaker via this path, a remote trip indication (RT) will be recorded.
3.4.10 Trip and close test facility
If the relay is configured for remote control of the circuit breaker, then a trip or close
test can be carried out from the SYSTEM DATA column of the menu. The control
buttons on the front of the relay provide an input to the trip and close pulse timers in
parallel with the [INP LClose CB] and [INP LTrip CB] masks.
If the relay is not configured for remote control of the circuit breaker then the output
relays used for protection trips will need to be assigned in the [RLY CB Trip] mask
before the trip test will operate.
3.4.11 Load shedding by tripping less essential loads
The relay is capable of responding to global load shedding commands via the
communication port. To select this option link SD1 must be set to 1 and to
deselect it link SD1 must be set to 0. Output relays must be selected via the [RLY
CB Trip] and [RLY CB Close] masks to perform the circuit breaker control duty.
A relay may have already been selected in this mask for remote control of the circuit
breaker. If there are no spare output relays for this purpose then the main trip relay
may be selected.
An indication is required that the circuit breaker was closed before the trip command
was received, otherwise the circuit breaker will not close to restore load when the
appropriate command level is received. A control input must therefore be assigned
via [INP CB Closed] input mask.
SD1
1 Global load shed Load shed logic tRestore
0 Trip Close
RLY CB Trip
SD2 Trip CB tTRIP
1 RLY CB Close
0 Close CB tCLOSE
INP CB Closed
Figure 18. Load shedding by load rejection
Page 45
3.4.12 Load shedding by voltage reduction
Three of the output relays can be allocated via the [RLY V Reduct 1][RLY V
Reduct 2][RLY V Reduct 3] output masks to give three stages of load shedding.
Typically these outputs would be used to control the load shedding settings of a
voltage regulating relay such as a type MVGC. The relays allocated via these masks
will respond to load shedding commands received via the serial communication port
and the stage of load shedding to which the relay is responding can be viewed under
the SYSTEM DATA heading of the menu (see Section 3.2.2).
RLY V Reduct 1
Load shed level 1
RLY V Reduct 2
Load shed level 2
RLY V Reduct 3
Load shed level 3
Figure 19. Load shedding by voltage reduction
3.4.13 Trip and flag logic

Not all protection functions will be used for tripping purposes; some may be used
for control or alarm. The flag latching has been made programmable so that it can be
set to suit the application. Figure 20 shows that the trip LED and the flags are
latched for operation of relays RLY3 and RLY7, but the breaker fail is only initiated
by the operation of relay RLY3.
To ensure correct flagging RLY3 should not be used for alarm or control functions.
RLY7 is used for remote tripping of the circuit breaker and when it is not required
for this purpose it may be used as an additional trip relay to provide an extra trip
contact.
The flags for the start functions for each phase and for earth elements, that are
operated at the time RLY3 or RLY7 is operated, will be latched. In addition it is
possible to select an option whereby the start indications are latched even though a
trip was not initiated. To do this Logic Link LOG7 must be set to 1 and to inhibit
this latch LOG7 must be set to 0. Note that when this option is selected it does not
cause the trip LED to come on because the relay did not trip. The default display
does not change to the fault flags when only the start flags are latched, so they can
only be read by selecting the FAULT RECORDS column or reading EVENT
RECORDS via the communication port.
Note: When LOG7 is set to 1 a fault record will be recorded under start
conditions. An event will only be logged if a start contact has been
allocated.
Note: On single pole and two pole relays where only four output relays are fitted,
it is still possible to allocate relays 4 to 7 in the relay masks. This will not
actually cause an output relay to operate but an output to relay RLY7 can be
used to initiate the updating circuit breaker maintenance data without
initiating a trip or autoreclose sequence. An external signal will need to be
routed to RLY7 via an opto-input in mask [INP Aux1], [INP Aux2] or
[INP Aux3] with the respective auxiliary time delay set to zero.
Page 46
An event record will be triggered when the opto-input is energized but a fault record
will not result unless relay RLY3 is initiated (If LOG7 is set to 0). The disturbance
recorder may also be initiated from the same opto-input if required.
Initiate breaker fail

Generate fault record
Relay 3
Latch trip led
Relay 7 Log fault current
Log CB data
LOG7 Latch fault flags

Start
1
I>/Io>
0
Note: Remote trip does not initiate breaker fail

but it does latch the flags (Relay 7)
Figure 20. Selectable flag logic
3.5 Configuration
Configuration is the act of selecting from the available options, those that are
required for the application. It is also the software equivalent of rewiring a relay to
connect the functions together in a different way so that they operate in a new
sequence to provide the required composite function. At first this may seem to be a
complicated process but it will in fact be found very simple once the basic concept is
understood.
3.5.1 Basic configuration factory settings
The basic configuration contains the factory settings and calibration data. It is not
generally accessible, because any incorrect changes would affect the accuracy and
performance of the relay. Any detected change to the basic configuration will cause
the protection to stop and give an alarm, since incorrect operation could follow.
3.5.2 Initial factory applied settings
3.5.2.1 Initial protection settings
As received the relay will be configured as a basic overcurrent relay with two
protection elements per pole, one having a standard inverse time/current
characteristic selected and the time multiplier set to 1.0. The reset time setting for
this characteristic will be set to zero, the second element having a definite time
characteristic set for instantaneous operation. The third measuring element will be
inhibited and, if required, the appropriate function links in the phase and earth fault
setting columns of the menu will need to be set to 1.
The second setting group will be inhibited and its settings will not appear in the
menu. The breaker fail and cold load start features will also be inhibited.
The threshold settings for both setting groups will be set the same as follows:
Page 47
Phase Fault I> = 1 x rated current I>> = 10 x rated current
I< = 0.1 x rated current
Earth Fault Io> = 0.2 x rated current Io>> = 4 x rated current
Io< = 0.1 x rated current
Sensitive E/F Io> = 0.02 x rated current Io>> = 0.4 x rated current
Io< = 0.01 x rated current
Directional Ip> = 0.05 x rated current Vop>= 2 volts
Char.Angle = 0 degrees
3.5.2.2 Initial control settings
For relays providing phase fault protection, the flags are set to auto-reset three
seconds after a line has been successfully re-energized. This feature is not available
on relays that respond to residual current only, because there will be no load current
to pick up the undercurrent element and so perform the reset function. Relays which
have eight output relays will be configured for remote circuit breaker control, but
will not function until the link SD2 is set to 1. Load shedding, automatic reset of
the flags and change of setting group will be inhibited and must be similarly selected
via the SD links if required. Remote change of settings will be possible over the
serial communication port so that settings can be downloaded via this path.
The disturbance recorder will be set to automatically reset on restoration of the
supply and will be triggered by operation of the trip relay (relay 3).
3.5.2.3 Initial time delay settings
tAUX1 = 1.0 seconds tCLP = 8.0 seconds
tAUX2 = 2.0 seconds tBF = 0.3 seconds
tAUX3 = 3.0 seconds tTRIP = 0.5 seconds
tRESTORE = 0 seconds tCLOSE = 0.5 seconds
3.5.2.4 Initial allocation of opto-isolated control inputs
L0 Change setting group
L1 Block t>>/to>>
L2 Block t>>>/to>>>
L3 Initiate auxiliary timer 1
L6 CB closed indication
L7 CB open indication
Page 48
3.5.2.5 Initial-allocation of output relays
RLY0 Start (Fwd Start directional only)
RLY1 Start (Rev Start directional only)
RLY2 Trip (t> t>> t>>> to> to>> to>>> + Aux 2&3) [trip]
RLY3 Trip (t> t>> t>>> to> to>> to>>> + Aux 2&3) [main]
RLY4 Trip (t> t>> t>>> to> to>> to>>>) [A/R init]
RLY5 Aux 1
RLY6 Remote CB close
RLY7 Remote CB trip
3.5.3 Configuring for application
Before attempting to change the configuration for a particular application it is
strongly recommended that experience is first gained with the initial factory selected
options, as supplied. For example, practise moving through the menu and then
changing some of the visible individual protection settings.
When familiar with the relay it will be easier to configure it for a specific
application. This involves selecting, as described in Section 3.4, those available
options that are required for the application. These will then respond in the display;
those that are not selected will be inoperative and some of them will be hidden, their
current set values being of no concern.
The next stage is to allocate output relays to the chosen functions. This must be done
with care because it will determine which functions latch the flags and those which
latch the TRIP LED.
3.5.4 Selecting options
1. Select SYSTEM DATA heading from the menu, step down to SYS Password
and enter the password. The alarm LED will flash to indicate that the relay is no
longer password protected.
2. If required a new password can be entered at this stage.
3. Select the function link settings in the next menu cell down. If SYS
AUTORESET is set to 1, the trip LED will automatically reset after the
protected circuit is re-energized and line current is above the undercurrent
threshold I< for three seconds. Note that this feature is not available on relays
that only give earth fault protection. If the link is set to 0 then the flags have to
be manually reset with the [0] key.
4. The description will state the main functions, for example 3PH + EF Dir O/C.
This may be changed to the user configuration reference.
5. The Plant Reference can be used to identify the plant, circuit or circuit breaker
that the relay is associated with.
6. The communication address is to be entered manually or by the auto-addressing
function of the Master Station as described in Section 3.3.6.
7. Moving to the EARTH FAULT column of the menu, the function links are first
selected.
8. The CT and, for directional relays, the VT ratio, may be entered if it is required
to set the relay in primary values of current and voltage. Otherwise these ratios
Page 49
should be set at 1:1 when the settings and measured values will be displayed in
the secondary quantities applied to the relay terminals.
9. Next, the time characteristic for t> can be selected.
10. Repeat 7 9 for the PHASE FAULT column of the menu to select phase fault
options.
11. The function links in the LOGIC column of the menu should now be set to the
required functions from the available options.
12. The input and output masks are then set. Section 3.4.13 gives some important
notes on the allocation of output relays.
13. Finally the password protection should be established. This will occur
automatically two minutes after the last key press, alternatively, select the
password cell and hold the reset key pressed until the alarm LED stops flashing.
The backlight on the display is turned off one minute after the last key press and
will serve as a warning that the password may soon be reinstated.
The relay is now configured for the application and the configuration may be stored
on a disc and referenced with a suitable name. The file can then be retrieved and
down-loaded to other relays that require the same configuration. This provides a
quick method of setting the relay but requires the use of additional equipment, such
as a KITZ101 interface unit and a portable PC with suitable software.
Page 50
3.6 External connections
Standard connection table
Function Terminal Function
Earth Terminal 1 2 Not Used
Watchdog Relay b 3 4 m Watchdog Relay
(Break contact) 5 6 (Make contact)
48V Field Voltage [+] 7 8 [] 48V Field Voltage
Capacitor Trip Voltage [+] 9 10 [] Capacitor Trip Voltage
Not Used 11 12 Not Used
Auxiliary Voltage Input (+) 13 14 () Auxiliary Voltage Input
A Phase Voltage In 17 18 In B Phase Voltage
C Phase Voltage In 19 20 Out Common Voltage Neutral
A Phase Current In 21 22 Out A Phase Current
B Phase Current In 23 24 Out B Phase Current
C Phase Current In 25 26 Out C Phase Current
Neutral Current In 27 28 Out Neutral Current
Output Relay 4 29 30 Output Relay 0
31 32
35 36
39 40
43 44
Opto Control Input L3 (+) 45 46 (+) Opto Control Input L0
Opto Control Input L6 (+) 51 52 () Common L0/L1/L2
Opto Control Input L7 (+) 53 54 K-BUS Serial Port
Common L3/L4/L5/L6/L7 () 55 56 K-BUS Serial Port
Key to connection tables
[+] and [] indicate the polarity of the dc output from these terminals.
(+) and () indicate the polarity for the applied dc supply.
In / Out the signal direction for forward operation.
This area is not available on single phase relays.
Not available on two pole overcurrent relays.
Note: All relays have standard Midos terminal blocks to which connections can be made
with either 4mm screws or 4.8mm pre-insulated snap-on connectors.
Two connections can be made to each terminal.
Page 51
Connection table for dual polarised relays
Function Terminal Function
Earth Terminal 1 2 Not Used
Watchdog Relay b 3 4 m
(Break contact) 5 6 (Make contact)
48V Field Voltage [+] 7 8 [] 48V Field Voltage
Capacitor Trip Voltage [+] 9 10 [] Capacitor Trip Voltage
Auxiliary Voltage Input (+) 13 14 () Auxiliary Voltage Input
Not used 17 18 Not Used
Zero Sequence Voltage In 19 20 Out Zero Sequence Voltage
Polarizing Current In 25 26 Out Polarizing Current
CT Neutral Current In 27 28 Out CT Neutral Current
31 32
35 36
39 40
43 44
Opto Control Input L6 (+) 51 52 (-) Common L0/L1/L2
Opto Control Input L7 (+) 53 54 K-BUS Serial Port
Common L3/L4/L5/L6/L7 () 55 56 K-BUS Serial Port
Key to connection tables

[+] and [] indicate the polarity of the dc output from these terminals.
(+) and () indicate the polarity for the applied dc supply.
In / Out the signal direction for forward operation.
Note: All relays have standard Midos terminal blocks to which connections can be made
with either 4mm screws or 4.8mm pre-insulated snap-on connectors.
Two connections can be made to each terminal.
Page 52
3.6.1 Auxiliary supply
The auxiliary voltage may be ac or dc provided it is within the limiting voltages for
the particular relay. The voltage range will be found on the frontplate of the relay;
it is marked Vx = 24V 125V or 48V 250V. An ideal supply to use for testing the
relays will be 50V dc or 110V ac because these values fall within both of the
auxiliary voltage ranges.
The supply should be connected to terminals 13 and 14 only. To avoid any
confusion it is recommended that the polarity of any applied voltage is kept to the
Midos standard:
for dc supplies the positive lead connected to terminal 13 and the negative to
terminal 14.
for ac supplies the live lead is connected to terminal 13 and the neutral lead to
terminal 14.
Note: To avoid damage to the relay do not connect any auxiliary supplies to
terminals 7 and 8, or 9 and 10.
3.6.2 Dual powered relays
Dual powered relays derive power from the current transformer circuit and may be
used with this power source alone. However, the application of an auxiliary ac or dc
voltage will enable lower earth fault settings to be used, also settings to be applied
and data to be read when the load current is insufficient to power the relay.
It will also allow communications to be maintained at such times.
When powered from the CT circuit alone the 48V field voltage will be available to
power the opto-isolated control inputs when the protection starts up. The phase fault
current setting range is limited to the minimum current levels at which the power
requirements of the relay can be maintained, see Technical Data, Section 5.
This model of relay is rated for an auxiliary voltage Vx = 100V 250V.
Note: The capacitance discharge circuit is not isolated from the auxiliary supply
and to prevent the relay from being damaged, no external ground connection
should be made to this circuit.
3.6.3 Opto-isolated control inputs
There are a number of opto-isolated control inputs to the relay and these can be
arranged to perform alternative functions as determined by the setting of the INPUT
MASKS, so making maximum use of the available control inputs. There are three
such inputs on the single and two pole relays and eight on all other models.
Software filtering is applied to eliminate the adverse effects of induced ac signals in
the external wiring.
The opto-isolated control inputs are rated for 48V and energized from the isolated
48V field voltage provided on terminals 7 and 8 of the relay. Terminal 8 () must be
connected to terminal 52 and on three and four pole relays terminal 8 must be
connected to terminal 55 also. The opto-isolated control inputs can then be energized
by connecting a volt-free contact between terminal 7 (+) and the terminal associated
with the required input, L0 to L7, given in the above table.
The circuit for each opto-isolated input contains a blocking diode to protect it from
any damage that may result from the application of voltage with incorrect polarity.
Where the opto-isolated input of more than one relay is to be controlled by the same
contact it will be necessary to connect terminal 7 of each relay together to form a
Page 53
common line. In the example, shown in Figure 21, contact X operates L1 of relay 1
and contact Y operates L0 of relay 1 as well as L0 and L1 of relay 2. L2 is not used
on either relay and has no connections made to it.
The opto-inputs are sampled eight times per cycle and five consecutive samples to
indicate that the input is energized, before this is accepted. This ensures that the
inputs are relatively immune to spurious operation from induced ac signals in the
wiring. thus the capture time is:
12 2.5ms at 50 Hz.
10.4 2.1ms at 60 Hz.
Note: These inputs will not capture a fleeting contact unless it dwells in the closed
state for a time exceeding the above values.
L0 46 46
L0
48 48
L1 L1
50 50 L2
L2
52 52
X Y
_ 8 8 _
48V 48V
7 7
+ +
Relay 1 Common line Relay 2
Figure 21. Connection to opto-isolated control inputs
3.6.4 Analogue inputs

The relays can have up to eight analogue inputs, two on the microprocessor board
and six on the auxiliary expansion board. Each is fed via an input transducer, a low
pass filter and a three range scaling amplifier. The analogue signals are sampled
eight times per cycle on each channel as the sampling rate tracks the frequency of
the input signal.
The wide setting range provided on the auxiliary powered version of the relays is
sufficient to enable the 5A version of the relay to operate from either 1A or 5A
current transformers and this version of the relay can be used where dual rated relays
are specified. Alternatively, the wide setting range makes the relay suitable for use
on circuit breakers that may be applied to a wide range of load circuit ratings with
only one current transformer ratio. For example a circuit breaker rated at 2000A and
fitted with current transformers rated at 2000/10A (or 2000/2A) and relays rated at
5A (or 1A) could be applied to circuits with load ratings from 100A to 2000A.
The dual powered relays have a narrower setting range and must be used with
current transformers that match their current rating. Thermal dissipation is the
limitation for the upper end of the setting range and the energy required to power
Page 54
the relay is the limitation at the lower end. When the relay is powered from an
additional auxiliary voltage source, earth fault settings can be applied below that at
which the relay can derive sufficient power from the CTs. For this reason the earth
fault setting range has not been restricted.
3.6.5 Output relays
Four programmable output relays are provided on relays with no more than two
analogue inputs and eight on all other models.
There are four programmable output relays on the microprocessor board and four on
the auxiliary expansion board. These relays each have two make contacts connected
in series to increase their rating. These relays can be arranged to operate in response
to any, or all, of the available functions by suitably setting the OUTPUT MASKS.
The protection and control functions to which these relays respond are selectable via
the menu system of the relay.
In addition there is a watchdog relay which has one make and one break contact.
Thus it can indicate both healthy and failed conditions. As these contacts are mainly
used for alarm purposes, single contacts are used and their rating is therefore not
quite as high as that of the programmable outputs.
The terminal numbers for the output relay contacts are given in the table at the start
of Section 3.6.
3.6.5.1 Output relay minimum dwell time
Outputs from t>, t>>, t>>>, to>, to>>, to>>> have a minimum dwell of 100ms.
This is because they are normally used for trip outputs and the minimum dwell
ensures that they will provide a positive trip signal to the circuit breaker.
Circuit breaker control outputs tCLOSE, tTRIP have a minimum dwell of 500ms
which can be increased to a maximum of 2s. The restoration timer (tRESTORE) is
followed by the circuit breaker close dwell time.
All other outputs such as I>, Io>, tV<, Aux1, Aux2 and Aux3 have no deliberate
dwell time added to them. This is because they are either followed by a timer or used
for control purposes which require a faster reset time.
3.6.5.2 Improving reliability of trip and closing contacts
In the event of the circuit breaker failing to trip, the relay contacts are called upon to
break the trip coil current. The majority of protective relays are not rated for this
duty and their contacts may be damaged as a result. This problem can be eliminated
if a relay with heavy duty contacts is interposed between the output contacts of the
protective relay and the circuit breaker trip circuit. This can be more economical
than the repair costs and the overall fault clearance time need not be increased as a
result. If the interposed relay is connected as a shunt repeat relay, the protection will
trip the circuit breaker directly and then be backed-up by the contacts of the
interposing relay. On breaking, the protective relay will reset first so that the
interposing relay performs the actual circuit interruption. (As shown in Figure 22).
Similarly the breaking duty of the relay contacts may not be rated for the circuit
breaker closing current and in such cases an interposing relay will be necessary.
Page 55
PRIMA
CB trip coil
CG4 blocking diode
KCGG O/P
PRIMA
Figure 22. Contact re-inforcing
3.6.6 Alternative trip arrangements

3.6.6.1 DC shunt trip
Auxiliary powered relays require an auxiliary supply to trip the circuit breakers.
This will normally be a dc supply which is generally considered to be more secure
than an ac supply. It would be usual to use a shunt trip coil for dc energized trip
circuits.
The trip circuit current will normally be broken by an auxiliary contact on the circuit
breaker once the circuit breaker has opened. If this is not the case then a trip relay
with heavy duty contacts must be interposed between the contact of RLY3 and the
trip coil. (As shown in Figure 23).
42
+
RLY3
44
Trip
Trip supply
Relay
_
Figure 23. DC shunt trip arrangement
3.6.6.2 AC no-volt trip

For ac tripping it may be considered safer to opt for a no-volt trip release.
Tripping from a make contact on the relay is still possible by using the circuit shown
in Figure 24.
This arrangement will also trip the circuit breaker when the auxiliary trip supply is
lost. If the circuit breaker is fitted with a line VT, then this may be used to provide
the trip supply for the circuit breaker and the circuit breaker will then be tripped
when the protected circuit is de-energized.
Page 56
The capacitor is included to reduce the release time and tune the coil to the power
frequency. The series resistor then limits the current in the coil to its rated value.
Relay
42
RLY3 Trip
44 Trip supply
Figure 24. AC no-volt trip arrangement
3.6.6.3 Capacitor discharge trip

Dual powered relays may use either of the above methods. In addition, these
particular relays charge an internal capacitor from the current circuit and also from
the auxiliary voltage circuit (Figure 25). This capacitor is 680F and it is charged to
50V dc. It may be discharged directly into a suitably sensitive trip coil via one of the
programmable output relays. The minimum energy fed to the trip coil is that from
the capacitor, but in most cases it will be supplemented by a current from the
auxiliary voltage circuit and/or the current circuit.
When energized from current alone the lowest current for which the relay will
operate will be that necessary to start up the power supply. To be able to use lower
fault settings an auxiliary supply will be required (see Technical Data, Section 5).
The capacitance discharge circuit is not isolated from the auxiliary supply and to
prevent the relay from being damaged, no external ground connection should be
made to this circuit.
Relay
42
RLY3
44
Trip
9
+
10
Figure 25. Capacitor discharge trip
Page 57
3.6.6.4 AC series trip
As an alternative the trip capacitor in the dual powered relays may be discharged
into an auxiliary relay. This relay will be de-energized in the quiescent state, with its
break contacts short circuiting the trip coils of the circuit breaker (Figure 26).
The trip coils are connected in series with the current transformer secondary circuit
so that, when the auxiliary relay is operated, the full secondary current is diverted
through the trip coils.
To cover all fault conditions, three trip coils are required and may be necessary to
limit the maximum energy that can be fed to each coil, by means of saturating shunt
reactors.
Relay
42
RLY3 44
9
+
10
21 23 25 28
TC TC TC MVAZ
Ia
To Ib
line Ic
In
CTs
Figure 26. AC series trip arrangement
3.7 Non-protection features and communications

3.7.1 Non-protection features
3.7.1.1 Self monitoring and protection alarms
The monitoring circuits within the relay continuously perform a self test routine.
Any detected loss of operation in the first instance initiates a reset sequence to return
the equipment to a serviceable state. Examples of this are the main processor, the
communication processor and the display processor. The voltage rails are also
supervised and the processors are reset if the voltage falls outside their working
range. Should the main processor fail and not restart, the watchdog relay will
provide an alarm. This relay will also signal an alarm on loss of the auxiliary
energizing supply to the auxiliary powered relays, but not for the dual powered
relays for which the loss of the auxiliary supply may be a normal operational
condition.
In addition, the memory of the relay is checked for possible corruption of data and
any detected errors will result in an alarm being generated. An ALARM LED
Page 58
indicates several states which can be identified by viewing the alarm flags that are to
be found towards the end of the SYSTEM DATA column of the menu and consist of
six characters that may be either 1 or 0 to indicate the set and reset states of the
alarm. The flags offer the following indications:
000000
Unconfig protection not operational needs to be configured
Uncalib protection is running uncalibrated calibration error
Setting protection is running possible setting error
No Service protection is out of service
No Samples protection not sampling
No Fourier protection not performing Fourier
For the above listed alarms the ALARM LED will be continuously lit, the alarm bit
will be set in the STATUS word as a remote alarm and the watchdog relay will
operate. However, there is another form of alarm that causes the ALARM LED to
flash; this indicates that the password has been entered to allow access to change
protected settings within the relay and this is not generally available as a remote
alarm.
Note: No control will be possible via the key pad if the Unconfigured alarm is
raised because the relay will be locked in a non-operate state.
3.7.1.2 Measured values
Measurements are divided into two groups: those that are directly measured and
those that are calculated from the directly measured quantities. For example, VA is
calculated from the product of current and voltage.
All measurement values can be displayed on the front of the relay. The display of
measured values will be in primary system values if the current and voltage
transformer ratios are entered under PHASE FAULT and EARTH FAULT
SETTINGS. The default setting for these ratios is 1:1; the displayed settings and
measured values then being in terms of the secondary quantities from the primary
transducers.
Included under this heading is the number of circuit breaker trips initiated by the
relay and the summated contact breaking duty for each pole of circuit breaker.
This feature can be extended to respond when another protection trips the circuit
breaker by arranging for one of the opto-inputs to be energized.
3.7.1.3 Remote control functions
Control functions that affect the relay and that can be performed over the serial link
include the change of individual relay settings and the change between setting
groups. Plant control functions include remote control of the circuit breaker position
and load shedding by either voltage reduction or by load rejection.
Note: if it is considered essential that it must not be possible to perform certain of
these remote control functions, they can be inhibited by setting software
links in the relay. These links are password protected, see Section 3.3.1.
Notes on security of remote control via the serial port
Access to the memory of the relay is restricted to that addressed via the menu system
of the relay. In addition, all setting changes are reflexed back to the Master Station
Page 59
for verification before the EXECUTE command is issued. On reception of the
EXECUTE command the new setting is checked against the limits stored in the relay
before they are entered. Only then does the relay respond to the new setting.
All remote commands are reflexed back to the Master Station for verification before
they are executed and any command left set is automatically rejected if not executed
within the timeout period. No replies are permitted for global commands as this
would cause contention on the bus; instead a double send is used for verification
purposes with this type of command.
Remote control is restricted to those functions that have been selected in the relays
menu table and the selection cannot be changed without entering the password.
CRC and message length checks are used on each message received. No response is
given for received messages with a detected error. The Master Station can be set to
resend a command a set number of times if it does not receive a reply or receives a
reply with a detected error.
3.7.1.4 Aids to circuit breaker maintenance
The information gathered by the relay can be of assistance in determining the need
for circuit breaker maintenance. The circuit breaker opening time is recorded under
FAULT RECORDS. If this value is monitored, any significant increase may be used
as an indication that circuit breaker maintenance is required.
Additionally the number of circuit breaker operations is recorded under
MEASUREMENTS (2). Also under this heading will be found an indication of the
summated contact breaking duty which is recorded separately for each phase.
3.7.1.5 Fault records
Fault values are recorded for the last fault but the fault flags are recorded for the last
five faults to give a record of a complete four shot autoreclose cycle. They are stored
in non-volatile memory and can be accessed via the user interface. There is
provision for resetting these records to zero. In addition, the time taken for the
circuit breaker to interrupt the fault current is recorded.
A copy of the fault record is also stored in the event records and up to 50 of these
records can be held at any one time, provided all other events are deselected.
These records will carry a time tag which is valid for 49 days. However, the event
records will be lost if the relay is de-energized and they can only be accessed via the
serial communication port.
3.7.1.6 Time tagged event records
An event may be a change of state of a control input or an output relay; it may be a
setting that has been changed locally or a protection or control function that has
performed its intended function. A total of 50 events may be stored in a buffer,
each with an associated time tag. This time tag is the value of a timer counter that
is incremented every 1 millisecond.
The event records can only be accessed via the serial communication port when the
relay is connected to a suitable Master Station. When the relay is not connected to a
Master Station the event records can still be extracted within certain limitations:
the event records can only be read via the serial communication port and a
K-BUS/IEC60870-5 Interface Unit will be required to enable the serial port to be
connected to an IBM or compatible PC. Suitable software will be required to run
on the PC so that the records can be extracted.
Page 60
when the event buffer becomes full the oldest record is overwritten by the next
event.
records are deleted when the auxiliary supply to the relay is removed, to ensure
that the buffer does not contain invalid data. Dual powered relays are most likely
to be affected.
the time tag will be valid for 49 days assuming that the auxiliary supply has not
been lost within that time. However, there may be an error of 4.3s in every
24 hour period due to the accuracy limits of the crystal. This is not a problem
when a Master Station is on line as the relays will usually be polled once every
second or so.
Events that are recorded include:
1 change in state of logic inputs.
2 change in state of relay outputs.
3 change to settings made locally.
4 fault records as defined in the FAULT RECORD column of the menu.
5 alarm messages.
Items 1 and 2 may be deleted from the events so that up to 50 fault records
may be stored
3.7.1.7 Disturbance records
The internal disturbance recorder has one channel allocated to each of the measured
analogue quantities; one to record the eight control inputs and one to record the eight
relay outputs. As with the event recorder, when the buffer is full the oldest record is
overwritten and records are deleted if the auxiliary supply to the relay is removed.
This ensures that when the buffer is read the contents will all be valid.
The disturbance recorder is stopped and the record frozen a set time after a selected
trigger has been activated. For example, a protection trip command could be the
selected trigger and the delay would then set the duration of the trace after the fault.
Each sample has a time tag attached to it so that when the waveform is reconstituted
it can be plotted at the correct point against the time scale, thus ensuring that the
time base is correct and independent of the frequency. The K Range overcurrent
relays measure eight samples per cycle but the method of recording allows the
analysis program to perform with records that may have a different sample rate.
The disturbance recorder may be triggered by several different methods dependent
on the settings in the column of the menu. However, the records have to be read via
the serial communication port and suitable additional software is required to
reconstruct and display the waveforms. Only one complete record is stored and the
recorder must be retriggered before another record can be captured.
Recorder control
This cell displays the state of the recorder :
a) RUNNING recorder storing data (overwriting oldest data)
b) TRIGGERED recorder stop delay triggered
c) STOPPED recorder stopped and record ready for retrieval
When this cell is selected, manual control is possible and to achieve this the relay
must be put into the setting mode by pressing the [+] key. A flashing cursor will
Page 61
then appear on the bottom line of the display at the lefthand side. The [+] key will
then select RUNNING and the [] key will select triggered. When the appropriate
function has been selected the [F] key is pressed to accept the selection and the
selected function will take effect when the [+] key is pressed to confirm the
selection. To abort the selection at any stage, press the reset key [0].
Recorder capture
The recorder can capture:
a) SAMPLES the individual calibrated samples
b) MAGNITUDES the Fourier derived amplitudes
c) PHASES the Fourier derived phase angles
The relay has no electro-mechanical adjustments, all calibration is effected in
software and all three of the above options are used in the calibration process.
For normal use as a fault recorder SAMPLES will be the most useful.
Recorder post trigger
The Post Trigger setting determines the length of the trace that occurs after the stop
trigger is received. This may be set to any value between 1 and 512 samples.
When recording samples the total trace duration is 512/8 = 64 cycles because the
interval between the samples is equivalent to one eighth of a cycle. However, the
Fourier derived values are calculated once per cycle and so the total trace length
when recording these calculated phase or amplitude values is 512 cycles.
Recorder logic trigger (available only on models A and B)
Any, or all, of the opto-isolated inputs may be used as the stop trigger and the trigger
may be taken from either the energization or the de-energization of these inputs.
The bottom line of the display for this cell will show a series of 16 characters, each
of which may be set to 1 or 0. A 1 will select the input as a trigger and a 0
will deselect it.
The selection is made using the instructions for the setting links in Section 3.3.4.
The opto-isolated input (L0 to L7) associated with each digit is shown on the top
line of the display for the digit underlined by the cursor. A + preceding it will
indicate that the trigger will occur for energization and a will indicate the trigger
will occur for de-energization.
Recorder relay trigger
Any, or all, of the output relays may be used as a stop trigger and the trigger may be
taken from either the energization or the de-energization of these outputs.
The bottom line of the display for this cell will show a series of 16 characters, each
of which may be set to 1 or 0. A 1 will select the the input and a 0 will
deselect it.
The selection is made using the instructions for setting links in Section 3.3.4.
The output relay (RLY0 to RLY7) associated with each digit underlined by the
cursor is shown on the top line of the display. A + preceding it will indicate that the
trigger will occur for energization and a will indicate the trigger will occur for
de-energization.
Page 62
Notes on recorded times
The times recorded for the opto-isolated inputs is the time at which the relay
accepted them as valid and responded to their selected control function. This will be
12.5 2.5ms at 50Hz (10.4 2.1ms at 60Hz) after the opto-input was energized.
The time recorded for the output relays is the time at which the coil of the relay was
energized and the contacts will close approximately 5ms later. Otherwise the time
tags are generally to a resolution of 1ms for events and to a resolution of 1s for the
samples values.
3.7.1.8 Flags available via serial port
Status Byte
This is returned by the relay at the start of every message to signal important data on
which the Master Station may be designed to respond automatically. The flags
contained are:
Bit 0 1 = Disturbance record available for collection
Bit 1 1 = Plant status changed
Bit 2 1 = Control status changed
Bit 3 1 = Relay busy, cannot complete reply in time
Bit 4 1 = Relay out of service
Bit 5 1 = Event record available for retrieval
Bit 6 1 = Relay alarm indication set
Bit 7 1 = Relay trip indicated set
Relay Alarms
Available in System Data column of the relay menu at location 0022. The value of
this cell is a series of binary flags indicating the alarms as follows:
Bit 0 1 = Relay unconfigured
Bit 1 1 = Relay uncalibrated
Bit 2 1 = Setting error detected
Bit 3 1 = No service - protection out of service
Bit 4 1 = No samples
Bit 5 1 = No Fourier
Plant Status
The plant status can be found at menu location 000C and the bits indicate the status
of items of plant controlled via the relay; they are defined as follows:
Bit 1 Bit 0
0 0 No CB connected (auxiliary CB1 contacts faulty)
0 1 CB1 open
1 0 CB1 closed
1 1 Auxiliary CB1 contacts or wiring faulty
Bit 8 Bit9
0 0 No CB connected (auxiliary CB1 contacts faulty)
0 1 CB2 open
1 0 CB2 closed
1 1 Auxiliary CB2 contacts or wiring faulty
No other bits in this word are used in KCGG/KCGU/KCEG/KCEU relays
Page 63
Logic Status
This is located at menu location 0020 and each bit in the word corresponds to the
status of the associated opto-isolated input (bit 3 = L3). A "1" indicates that it is
recognized by the relay as being energized and "0" indicates that it is de-energized.
Relay Status
This is located at menu location 0021 and each bit in the word corresponds to the
status of the associated output relay (bit 3 = relay 3). A "1" indicates that it is
operated and "0" indicates that it is reset.
3.7.2 Serial communications
Relay 32 Relay 4 Relay 3 Relay 2 Relay 1
O O O O O
Protocol
converter
RS232 K-Bus
Desktop computer
PC
Figure 27. Basic communication system
Serial communications are supported over K-BUS, a multidrop network that readily
interfaces to IEC60870-5 FT1.2 Standards. The language and protocol used for
communication is Courier. It has been especially developed to enable generic master
station programs to access many different types of relay without continual
modification to the master station program. The relays form a distributed data base
for the Master Station and may be polled for any information required.
This includes:
1. Measured values
2. Menu text
3. Settings and setting limits
4. Fault records
5. Event records
6. Disturbance records
7. Plant status
8. Status an eight bit word that identifies the trip and alarm state, busy state, also
the presence of event and disturbance records for collection.
Page 64
3.7.2.1 Serial communication port (K-Bus)
Each relay in the K Range has a serial communication port configured to K-Bus
Standards. K-Bus is a communication interface and protocol designed to meet the
requirements of communication with protective relays and transducers within the
power system substation environment. It has to be as reliable as the protective relays
themselves and must not result in their performance being degraded in any way.
Hence error checking and noise rejection have been major concerns in its design.
The communication port is based on RS485 voltage transmission and reception
levels with galvanic isolation provided by a transformer. A polled protocol is used
and no relay unit is allowed to transmit unless it receives a valid message, without
any detected error, addressed to it. Transmission is synchronous over a pair of
screened wires and the data is FM0 coded with the clock signal to remove any dc
component so that the signal will pass through transformers. This method of
encoding the data results in the polarity of the connection to the bus wiring being
unimportant.
With the exception of the Master Units, each node in the network is passive and any
failed unit on the system will not interfere with communication to the other units.
The frame format is HDLC and the data rate is 64kbits/s. Up to 32 units may be
connected to any bus at any point over a maximum length of 1000m.
Connection to the K-Bus Port is by standard Midos 4mm screw terminals or
snap-on connectors. A twisted pair of wires is all that is required; the polarity of
connection is not important. It is recommended that an outer screen is used with an
earth connected to the screen at the Master Station end only. Termination of the
screen is effected with the U shaped terminal supplied and which has to be
secured with a self tapping screw in the hole in the terminal block just below
terminal 56 (see Figure 28). Operation has been tested up to 1,000 metres with
cable to:
DEF Standard 16-2-2c
16/0.2mm dia
40m/m per core
171pf/m core/core
288pf/m core/screen
The minimum requirement to communicate with the relay is a K-Bus/IEC60870-5
converter box type KITZ and suitable software to run on an IBM or compatible
personal computer.
Three versions of the KITZ are available:
KITZ101 AC Powered version
KITZ102 DC Powered version
KITZ103 K-Bus to OPTIMHO Interface unit
These units are further described in publication R6521.
Note: K-Bus must be terminated with a 150 resistor at each end of the bus.
The master station can be located at any position, but the bus should only be
driven from one unit at a time.
Page 65
54
56
Figure 28. Terminal arrangement for communications
3.7.2.2 Protection Access Software

The Protection Access Software & Toolkit is a dedicated application software
package designed to run under DOS on an IBM or IBM compatible personal
computer. It provides an interface for remote communication with the
AREVA T&D range of relays that implement the Courier
Communication Language.
It utilises a standard RS-232 serial port of the PC to communicate using IEC60870
and the Courier language, either directly to IEC60870 based relays or, via an
interposing KITZ protocol converter, to K-Bus based relays. It can interface to a
maximum of 254 relays, although this is normally restricted to 32 relays at a time
(this being the maximum number of relays that can be connected to one spur
directly).
User input is via the keyboard using the familiar system of pull down menus and
windows to select various options and functions.
Two versions of the software are available:
Protection Access Software & Toolkit (PAS&T) which enables the user to have full
access to all functions within the relay including the event and disturbance recording
facilities.
Courier Access software which is a reduced version of the PAS&T enabling the user
to have access to all settings on the relay via the communication link.
3.7.2.3 PC requirements
To operate correctly, the Protection Access Software & Toolkit requires
IBM PC/XT/AT/PS2 or true compatible.
640 kB of main memory RAM
Graphics adaptor CGA, EGA, VGA or MDA
Serial adaptor port configured as COM1 of COM2 (for communication)
Floppy disc drive 3.5 inch
Page 66
MS-DOS 3.2 or later/IBM PC-DOS 3,2 or later
Parallel printer port for optional printer
Additional equipment
Printer
RS-232 link
KITZ 101 K-Bus/RS232 communication interface
Modem
3.7.2.4 Modem requirements
AREVA T&D has adapted the IEC60870-5 ft1.2 frame
format for transmitting the Courier communication language over RS-232 based
systems, which includes transmission over modems.
The IEC60870-5 ft1.2 specification calls for an 11-bit frame format consisting of 1
start bit, 8 data bits, 1 even parity bit and 1 stop bit. However, most modems cannot
support this 11-bit frame format, so a relaxed 10-bit frame format is supported by
the Protection Access Software & Toolkit and by the KITZ, consisting of 1 start bit,
8 data bits, no parity and 1 stop bit.
Although Courier and IEC60870 both have inherent error detection, the parity
checking on each individual character in the 11-bit frame provides additional
security and is a requirement of IEC60870 in order to meet the error rate levels it
guarantees. It is therefore recommended that modems should be used which support
these 11-bit frames. The following modems have been evaluated for use with the full
IEC60870 ft1.2 protocol and are recommended for use:
Dowty Quattro (SB2422)
Motorola Codex 3265 or 3265 Fast
Other modems may be used provided that the following features are available; refer
to the modem documentation for details on setting these features:
Must support an 11 bit frame (1 start bit, 8 data bits, 1 even parity bit and 1 stop
bit). This feature is not required if the 10-bit frame format is chosen.
Must be possible to disable all error correction, data compression, speed buffering
or automatic speed changes.
Must save all the settings required to achieve a connection in non-volatile
memory. This feature is only required for modems at the outstation end of the
link.
Notes: 1. The V23 asymmetric data rate (1200/75bps) is not supported
2. Modems made by Hayes do not support 11 bit characters.
Page 67
Section 4. APPLICATION NOTES
4.1 Application of overcurrent characteristics

Each relay is provided with seven inverse time/current characteristics to cover the
range of applications to which the relay may be applied. In addition there is a
definite, current independent time characteristic. The full range of curves will be
found in Appendix 1.
The various time/current characteristics may find application as follows:
STI30XDT short time inverse curve (becomes constant time at 30x setting).
For use where relatively short operation times are required to preserve system
stability and where grading with downstream relays is not required.
LT30XDT long time inverse curve (becomes constant time at 30x setting).
Provides protection for starting surges and overloads of short duration, but the cold
load start/pick-up feature would be considered the preferable solution for these
applications.
Most useful for grading with low voltage system protection devices or for protecting
neutral earthing resistors.
DT definite time characteristic
Useful for achieving constant time grading steps over a wide current range and for
offering faster tripping times than inverse time protection at low multiples of current
setting. This characteristic is often used where there is no significant variation in
fault level between relay locations eg. in the case of earth fault protection of a
resistance earthed system, or in the case of low circuit impedance compared to
source impedance.
SI30XDT standard (moderately) inverse curve (becomes constant time at
30x setting).
The standard characteristic for co-ordination of protection on systems where the
amount generation varies and for providing back-up protection on transmission
systems.
IN30XDT inverse curve (becomes constant time at 30x setting).
Slightly more inverse than the SI30XDT curve, but also for co-ordination of
protection on distribution systems and for back-up protection for relays on other
circuits. This curve will allow closer grading with some relays that do not have an
IEC standard curve.
VI30XDT very inverse curve (becomes constant time at 30x setting).
Being very inverse it allows for longer operation times at low currents, or shorter
times at high currents, than the previous two curves. This characteristic is especially
useful when co-ordinating a number of relays and where there is great variation in
fault current between relay locations.
EI20XDT extremely inverse curve (becomes constant time at 20x setting).
Main use is for grading with downstream fuses and upstream overcurrent relays on
distribution and industrial systems. The relay maintains its very inverse
characteristic to higher current levels than electro-mechanical relays and therefore,
provides for closer grading with the fuse characteristic.
Page 68
EI10XDT extremely inverse curve (becomes constant time at 10x setting).
This relay is also for use in grading with downstream fuses and upstream
overcurrent relays on distribution and industrial systems. However, the change to
definite time at the lower current level of 10 times setting will be particularly useful
where more than one relay has to be co-ordinated, because it will allow additional
time grading steps to be used at the high current levels.
This curve grades more closely with the characteristic of electro-mechanical relays
because of the earlier cut-off.
Note: the current measurement is linear to 820 times minimum setting and hence
curves that become definite time above 20 times setting may tend to definite
time at a lower multiple of setting given by:
xIs = [820 x (minimum settable value)]/(actual setting selected).
4.1.1 IDTM relay co-ordination
Inverse definite minimum time relays are time graded such that the relay nearer to
the fault operates faster than the relays nearer to the source. This is referred to as
cascade operation because if the relay nearest to the fault does not operate, the next
one back towards the source will trip in a slightly longer time. The time grading
steps are typically 400ms, the operation times becoming progressively longer with
each stage.
4.2 Blocking Schemes
Adding an extra time graded stage may not always be acceptable, but an additional
stage can be added without increasing the number of time steps by implementation
of a simple blocking scheme.
4.2.1 Blocked overcurrent protection
Inverse time delay blocking
Non-cascade operation allows closer time grading between relays and is achieved by
using the START contact relay of one relay to block the operation of the time
delayed element t>/to> on the relay further back in the system towards the source.
Thus both relays can then have the same current and time settings and grading will
be automatically provided by the blocking feature. If the breaker fail protection is
selected, it will release the block if the circuit breaker fails to trip. This gives a
constant, close time grading, but there will be no back-up protection in the event of
the pilots being faulty.
Short time delay blocking
Improved fault clearance times can be obtained by setting the I>>/Io>> element
above the transient load level and setting t>>/to>> to 200ms for relays with
directional elements or 80ms for non-directional relays. These time delays are for
worst case conditions and may be reduced, depending on the system X/R and
maximum fault level.
The time delays t>>/to>> are arranged to be blocked by the START contacts of the
downstream relay when the downstream relay detects a fault current flowing.
The short time delay is essential to ensure that the blocking signal will be received
by the upstream relay before operation can occur.
The inverse time overload elements should be graded in the normal way for cascade
operation and to provide an overload feature and backup protection. The short time
Page 69
elements, operating in the non-cascade mode, then provide an instantaneous zone of
protection and again the breaker fail feature can be used to advantage.
Overcurrent relays are adequate for non-cascade operation on radial circuits but for
ring circuits, or where there are parallel feeds, it will be necessary to use
directionalized overcurrent relays.
A
A
B
C
80ms
I>> I
B
t
B
C
C 80ms
I>> I
Figure 29. Non-cascade operation
4.2.2 Protection for busbars on radial systems

This is simply achieved on radial circuits by setting the short time lags (t>>/to>>) of
the relay on the incoming feeder to the busbar to 200ms for relays with directional
elements or 80ms for non-directional relays, and blocking these time delays when
the START element of any relay on the load circuits detects fault current flowing
from the busbar to a feeder. These time delays are for worst case conditions and may
be reduced, depending on the system X/R and maximum fault level. Feedback from
regenerative loads must be less than the relay setting.
The protection can be enhanced by arranging for the internal breaker fail circuits of
the feeder relays to backtrip the incoming circuit breaker as described in Section
4.5.1 and the transfer back-up tripping described in Section 4.5.2. The use of a
KCGG240 relay on the incoming feeder will provide dead substation protection as
described in Section 4.4.5.
Page 70
Incomer
KCGG Block Short Time OC

240
Backtrip
F1
KCGG KCGG KCGG KCGG

140 140 140 140
F2 F3 F4 F5
Feeder 1 Feeder 2 Feeder 3 Feeder 4
Figure 30. Simple busbar protection
4.2.3 Protection for busbars with multiple infeeds

Where there are multiple feeds to the busbar the START elements must be
directionalized such that they will block operation of any relays on circuits feeding
current to the busbar when they detect current flowing from the busbar to their
associated feeder. Directional relays can be used to provide composite schemes of
protection for the feeders and the busbar, using the non-cascade mode of operation.
Application of Midos K Range relays for single and double busbar protection is
further described in publications R4112 and R4114.
Incomer Incomer
KCEG KCEG KCEG

140 140 140
KCEG KCEG KCEG KCEG

140 140 140 140
Feeder 1 Feeder 2 Feeder 3 Feeder 4
Figure 31. Protection of busbars with multiple infeeds
Page 71
4.2.4 General points to consider in blocking applications
It is possible to separate the phase and earth fault START outputs and use them to
block the respective elements of the upstream relay. However, if this is done then
the effect of current transformer saturation during phase faults has to be considered.
If the current transformers transiently saturate on one of the circuits, then a spill
current is produced in the neutral circuit of the current transformers. This can result
in one of two effects:
1) the current exceeds the threshold of the earth fault element then it will attempt to
trip if it does not receive a blocking signal from a downstream relay. This will be
an incorrect operation that may trip more circuits than necessary.
2) as a result of spill current, an earth fault element gives a blocking signal to the
relay on the infeed for a short duration.
The problem from 1) above can be lessened by increasing the time setting of to>>,
but this will reduce the benefits of non-cascade schemes. The solution to consider is
to block the phase and earth fault trip elements with the phase and earth fault start
elements of the downstream relays, but prevent blocking of the phase fault trip
elements under transient current transformer saturation conditions. This will be most
easily achieved by setting the earth fault element polarising voltage threshold (Vop)
above the maximum expected zero sequence voltage occurring under healthy
conditions, thus preventing the earth fault elements on the incoming feeder relay
producing a blocking signal under transient CT saturation conditions.
Problem 2) may not be a problem at all if the transient spill current only lasts a short
time, as the added delay caused by a spurious blocking signal will stabilize the
protection for only a short time. If this is seen as a problem then the use of a
stabilizing resistor could be considered.
Note: The response of directional overcurrent relays to power system disturbances
will vary with the earthing arrangements. It is not practical to consider all
configurations of the power system and so the application notes in this
document can only be a general guide. Each application will need to be
engineered to suit the system.
4.3 Application notes for directional overcurrent relays
4.3.1 Directional stability
Directional relays are required to withstand a fault in the reverse direction without
operating. In addition the directional relay is required to remain stable (ie. not
operate) when the reverse fault current is removed and the current falls to zero, or to
a load value which is below the overcurrent setting of the relay and in a forward
direction. With time delayed protection, directional stability is not usually a
problem, but with directionalized instantaneous overcurrent relays it is much more
difficult to achieve and momentary operation may occur when the fault is removed.
The software of the KCEG relays has been arranged to reduce transient operation to
a minimum, but even so, it may be advisable to set the associated time delay for any
directional overcurrent element to between 40 and 200ms, depending on the system
X/R ratio and the maximum fault level, to ensure stability under this condition.
When KCEG relays are used in blocking schemes they will have sufficient time
delay settings applied. Therefore, it is only the instantaneous high set elements
where the delay may need to be added and often these particular elements need not
be directionalized.
Page 72
4.3.2 Application of directional phase fault relays
The characteristic angle setting of the relay is the phase angle of the line current with
respect to the polarizing voltage, in order to be at the centre of the directional
characteristic. For the phase fault elements the fault current will usually be lagging
by an angle of 45 to 60 and it is desirable that this is at the centre of the
directional characteristic. However, the phase elements are polarized by the
quadrature phase/phase voltage. Thus phase A is polarized by Vbc, but Vbc lags Va
by 90, so that the effective polarizing angle of the relay for phase faults will be
(c 90). Thus for most practical purposes the characteristic angle (c) will be set
to a leading angle of +30 or +45 for the phase elements.
The minimum operating value of the voltage input to the directional overcurrent
relay should be as low as practicable from the aspect of correct directional response
of the relay itself. This follows because of the important requirement for the relay to
achieve correct directional response during a short circuit fault close to the relay
when the voltage input can be below 1% of rated value. Furthermore, there is no
restriction on the minimum operating value from the aspect of the power system or
voltage transformer performance. Hence the threshold for the phase fault elements
of the KCEG relays has been set at 0.5V.
4.3.3 Application of directional earth fault relays
The earth fault element uses the zero sequence voltage as the polarizing quantity.
With multi-pole relays this voltage is internally derived from the three phase to
neutral voltages applied to the relay. With single pole relays this voltage has to be
externally derived from an open delta winding on the line voltage transformers, or
via star/open delta interposing voltage transformers.
The characteristic angle setting for earth faults will be as shown on the relay and
therefore lagging angles of between 0 and 60 may be used as appropriate,
dependent on the system earthing arrangements.
A 0 setting is generally used on resistance earthed systems whereas a 45 setting
would be more typical on solidly earthed distribution systems with 60 being
typical on solidly earthed transmission systems.
When providing sensitive earth fault protection for an insulated system, a core
balance current transformer should be used. Where this is oriented as for an earthed
system i.e. with the relay looking down the feeder, the relay characteristic angle
should be set to +90. If the current transformer is reversed, anticipating capacitive
current flow from the feeder onto the busbar, 90 should be used.
For the protection of arc suppression (Petersen) coil earthed systems, a sensitive
setting is required to enable accurate detection of the relatively small currents
flowing under fault conditions. Angle settings in the region of +5 (lead), 0, 5
(lag) are common, with the relays having suitably fine setting adjustments of 1.
Two options exist within the K Range for protection of arc suppression (Petersen)
coil earthed systems; a standard sensitive directional earth fault relay (KCGU110) or
alternatively the KCEU141/241. Both relays have an adjustable polarising voltage
threshold setting with the KCEU141/241 having an additional wattmetric (V.I.cos)
earth characteristic. By virtue of these features either of the above options
effectively ignore any residual spill current, resulting from mismatch of line CTs,
due to the fact that there is negligible zero sequence voltage present under load
conditions.
Page 73
Where a directional relay is used to prevent sympathetic tripping of the earth fault
element, which would otherwise result from the currents flowing via the cable
capacitance to earth, an angle setting of +45 (lead) is recommended.
For earth faults the minimum operating value of the residual voltage input to the
directional earth fault relay is determined by power system imbalance and voltage
transformer errors. The zero sequence voltage on a healthy distribution system can
be as high as 1.0%, also the voltage transformer error can be 1.0% per phase which
results in a possible spurious residual voltage as high as 2.0% under healthy
conditions. In order to take account of both of the foregoing quantities and thus
eliminate unwanted relay operation, it is necessary to introduce a minimum
operating value of up to 3.5%. In practice, a choice of settings of say 2.0% to 4.0%
should be considered, with perhaps 10% and 20% for high resistance and insulated
neutral systems respectively. The setting for Vop> will be found in the EARTH
FAULT setting column of the menu and should be set appropriately, taking the
above notes into account.
Note: The KCEG 140 requires a residual voltage in excess of 6.4V before the
voltage threshhold circuit will function, regardless of the Vop> setting.
If this is considered to be a problem in a particular application then a KCEG
110 should be used for the earth fault protection and a KCEG 130 for the
overcurrent protection.
4.3.4 Application of dual polarized earth fault relays
When the zero sequence voltage under fault conditions is likely to be very small, it
may be advisable to use current polarization. In this case the current flowing in the
neutral of the power transformer is used to polarize the relay. As for voltage
polarization the threshold value of the current polarizing quantity is influenced by
the power system unbalance. However, the essential difference is that current
polarization is not affected by voltage transformer errors, nor indeed is it affected by
neutral current transformer error. Hence, the threshold level for current polarization
may be based on the maximum zero sequence current in a healthy system, that is,
0.5% of the neutral impedance rating. However, the neutral impedance rating is
often greater than the feeder rating and hence a minimum operating current
threshold of 0.5% of relay rating is required. This results in a recommended range of
say 0.5% to 5.0% of relay rating.
The characteristic angle adjustment phase shifts the voltage polarizing vector only
and therefore has no effect on the characteristic at the time when the relay is
polarized from current. The characteristic angle for current polarization is fixed at
0.
Only voltage polarized and dual polarized relays are available in the Type KCEG
range of relays, with the dual polarized version being supplied when current
polarization is requested. Dual polarized versions of the relay provide both current
and voltage polarization via separate analogue/digital inputs. When the polarizing
voltage exceeds the threshold setting Vop>, the relay will be polarized from the
voltage source alone. If the voltage signal is below the threshold, the current signal
is used to polarize the relay provided it exceeds the current threshold Ip>.
When neither polarizing signal is above its threshold the relay is blocked from
operating.
4.3.5 Directional stability for instantaneous elements
The directional information is calculated every 20ms on the last eight samples of the
waveform from the analogue/digital converter. The first directional calculation after
Page 74
the fault inception may be based on one or more of the samples that were captured
before the fault. Hence the phase information will contain an element of uncertainty.
However, subsequent calculations will be based on eight samples captured from the
fault and operation will be correct.
Therefore, to ensure directional stability of the instantaneous elements during
transitional conditions, such as the one described, the associated time delays t>>,
t>>>, to>> and to>>> should be set to give a delay of between 40 and 200ms,
depending on the system X/R and maximum fault level. In directional blocking
schemes, for example those for providing busbar protection, there will already be
other requirements for a delay setting.
4.4 Application notes for dual powered relays
4.4.1 Powered from current transformers alone
When powered from the current transformer circuit alone, the minimum current to
operate the relay is that required to establish the power supply rails within the relay.
Lowering the design value of this parameter increases the burden on the current
transformers and the power dissipated within the relay case. The limits are therefore
a compromise based on these factors:
Minimum current to power the relay for phase faults = 0.4In
Minimum current to power the relay for earth faults = 0.2In
However, a combined three phase and earth fault relay will operate with lower earth
fault current settings when the load current in the protected circuit is sufficient to
power the relay, ie. greater than 0.4In. Settings less than 0.2In are provided for earth
faults but they must be used with discretion. However, settings less than 0.2In
should not be used for single pole earth fault relays that are powered from current
alone.
When switching on to a fault, the relay will be delayed in operation by the start up
time and this delay will need to be taken into account in any grading exercise.
The delay is the time taken by the processor to initialize its registers, read in settings
from non-volatile memory and perform self checks. There will be an additional
delay whilst the power supply builds up, but this will be less significant when using
0.8
0.6
Time seconds
0.4
0.2
0
1 7 10 70 100
Multiple of minimum current to power the relay
Figure 32. Start-up time delay
Page 75
an inverse time/current characteristic as the power supply delay similarly varies with
current. The start-up time is not reduced by lowering the Time Multiplier Setting.
With prefault load current there will be no start-up time and the relays will operate
within their normal time settings.
Note: Where the start-up delay cannot be tolerated it is recommended that the
relay is also powered from an auxiliary ac voltage supply so that it can be up
and running before a fault occurs. It will also make stored disturbance and
event records more secure.
4.4.2 Powered from an auxiliary ac voltage and from current transformers
The addition of an auxiliary ac voltage supply to power the relay will:
1 enable the settings to be changed when the protected circuit is de-energized.
2 enable records to be retrieved and control functions to be carried out over the
communication link.
3 reduce the burden on the line CTs.
Should the auxiliary voltage be lost during a fault, power will be drawn from the
current transformer circuit to maintain the relay in a fully operational state.
However, if the source of the auxiliary voltage is carefully chosen it is unlikely to be
lost completely during earth faults but it may collapse to 50% of its rated value.
Provided the voltage is still above the minimum required to power the relay, very
low earth fault settings can be successfully applied. In the absence of the auxiliary
voltage the relay is not guaranteed to operate for earth fault currents less than 0.2In.
No alarm is given for loss of the ac auxiliary voltage, unless it is externally
monitored by a separate supervision relay.
4.4.3 Special application notes for dual powered relays
Dual powered relays may be fitted with eight opto-isolated inputs and eight relay
outputs, but at the claimed minimum operating current they cannot all be energized
at the same time. If they are, then the minimum operation current will be increased.
However, in applications requiring a dual powered relay it is unlikely that more than
two output relays will be energized at any one time. The following table shows how
the minimum operating current varies with the number of relays (not including the
watchdog) and inputs that are to be energized at the same time.
Number of output relays energized 2 4 6 8

8 opto-inputs energized 1.3xImin 1.5xImin 1.7xImin 2.0xImin
Imin = 0.4In for phase faults and 0.2In for earth faults.
4.4.5 Dead substation protection
The dual powered relays derive power for the electronics and the trip coil of the
circuit breaker from the line current transformers and optionally from an auxiliary ac
voltage supply. Applying one of these relays on the incoming feeder to the
substation will ensure that the substation is still protected in the event of complete
failure of the trip battery supply.
Page 76
The application limitations are that the setting range of these relays is a little more
restricted when power is being derived from the current transformers alone and that
the circuit breaker must have a suitable trip coil fitted. The tripping energy is
provided by a 680F capacitor charged to 50V and the circuit breaker should
reliably trip when this capacitor is discharged into its trip coil.
(See Section 3.6.6 for alternative trip connections).
4.5 Breaker fail protection, backtripping and back-up transfer tripping
4.5.1 Breaker fail protection and backtripping
If the function links have been set to activate the breaker fail function, then the
blocking signals will be removed if the breaker fails to clear the fault within the set
time delay (tBF). This will result in the START relays being reset, so allowing any
relays that they were blocking to operate. It may be that the current setting of the
blocked upstream relay is higher than the available fault current, so it is not able to
clear the fault. In this case it would be an advantage to backtrip, sending a signal
from the relay that is trying to trip the failed circuit breaker, directly to the next
circuit breaker towards the source.
When the backtrip feature is selected the output relay is assigned via the output
mask [Aux1] and will be recorded in the fault flags as Aux1. The time delay (tBF)
will typically have a setting of 200 to 400 milliseconds.
An externally initiated breaker fail circuit can be arranged as described in Section
3.4.6 where time delay tAUX1 is the breaker fail time delay. This externally
initiated breaker fail circuit does not reset the START relays.
Application of Midos K Range relays for circuit breaker fail is further described in
publication R4115.
4.5.2 Back-up transfer tripping
Consider the radial feed arrangement shown in Figure 30 and repeated in miniature
in Figure 33. The protection relay on the incomer provides two additional time
delayed outputs: t>> with an 80ms delay if the downstream feeder relays are non-
directional or 200ms if they are directional and t>>> with a delay of t>> plus
grading margin. The t>> delay is for worst case conditions and may be reduced,
depending on the system X/R and maximum fault level. The t>> output contact is
wired through a normally open contact on the watchdog repeat relay, to the trip relay
for the circuit breaker on the infeed. The t>>> output is wired directly to the trip
relay for the circuit breaker on the infeed.
With all the relays in a healthy state, the watchdog repeat relay will be energized and
for a busbar fault the circuit breaker on the incoming circuit will be tripped by t>>.
For a fault on any of the outgoing feeders t>> and t>>> of the relay on the incoming
circuit will be blocked by the start contact of the overcurrent relay on the outgoing
feeder which is carrying the fault current. The circuit carrying the fault current will
be tripped by the overcurrent relay on that circuit.
In the event of any relay on the outgoing circuits becoming defective, the watchdog
repeat relay drops off to give an alarm and to transfer the t>> trip from the incoming
circuit breaker to the buswire connected, via the watchdog break contact of each
relay on the outgoing feeders, to the appropriate circuit breaker. Thus the trip will be
transferred to the circuit breaker with the failed relay and so a fault on that circuit
will be cleared without tripping the busbar. For a busbar fault the incoming circuit
breaker will be tripped by t>>> after a short delay. For faults on any healthy
outgoing feeder both t>> and t>>> of the incoming feeder will be blocked and
correct discrimination will be obtained with only the faulted feeder being tripped.
Page 77
Watchdog
repeat relay Trip
relays
t >>
Incomer
t >>>
Incomer
Feeder
1
Feeder
2
Feeder
3
Feeder Feeder Feeder Feeder Feeder

4 1 2 3 4
Watchdog Watchdog
contacts contacts
Figure 33. Back-up transfer tripping
4.6 Restricted earth fault

Where back-up overcurrent or differential protection does not provide adequate
earth fault coverage of the secondary winding of a transformer, and where the
winding of a medium to large transformer is arranged in delta, restricted earth fault
protection is often applied. Restricted earth fault protection can be provided by a
dedicated electro-mechanical relay, however, the earth fault element of a K Range
relay can be arranged to offer comparable protection.
When the earth fault element (Io>>) is connected in a restricted earth fault
configuration a stabilizing resistor will be required to be connected in series with the
neutral input circuit of the relay.
Application of Midos K Range relays for restricted earth fault protection is further
described in publication R4120.
4.7 Further applications and control facilities
4.7.1 Protection against intermittent recurrent faults
This type of fault is also sometimes referred to as a pecking or flashing fault.
A typical example of an intermittent recurrent fault would be one in a plastic
insulated cable where, in the region of the fault, the plastic melts and reseals the
cable, extinguishing the fault but after a short time the insulation breaks down again.
The process repeats to give a succession of fault current pulses each of increasing
duration with reducing intervals between the pulses, until the fault becomes
permanent.
When the reset time of the overcurrent relay is less than the interval between the
fault current pulses the relay will be continually reset and not be able to integrate up
to the trip level until the fault becomes permanent. Having the reset time set to give
as long a delay as possible, but less than that which would interfere with normal
Page 78
operation of the protection and control system, will help to eliminate some less
common health and safety problems.
Overcurrent relays in Midos K Range have provision for adjusting the reset delay to
values between 0 and 60 seconds for timers t>/to>. Reset times of 60 seconds are
most suited to cable applications where autoreclose is not generally permitted.
For overhead lines with fast reclosing equipment, it can be an advantage to set the
reset time to zero; this will ensure that all relays will have fully reset before a
reclosure takes place and that some relays will not be held part way towards
operation as a result of the last fault.
When grading with electro-mechanical relays which do not reset instantaneously,
the reset delay can be used to advantage to gain closer discrimination. In these
instances the reset time should be set to a value less than the dead time setting of any
autoreclose relays on the system. Sensitive earth fault relays will also benefit from
having the reset time set as high as possible so that fault current pulses are
summated.
Any reset delay will give an improvement in the detection of intermittent faults.
2000 A
0.2s 3.0s 0.3s 2.0s 0.5s

0A
Trip Level
Reset Time = 5s
Reset Time = 0s
0
Figure 34. Protection against intermittent faults
4.7.2 Autoreclose inhibition of instantaneous low set

When overcurrent relays from the Midos K Range are used with autoreclose relays
the I>>/Io>> elements may be used as low set instantaneous elements.
The associated time delays t>>/to>> would be set to zero seconds to effect rapid
fault clearance. Although the timer is set to zero, its output still may be blocked, via
one of the control inputs to the relay, on successive autoreclose cycles to inhibit the
instantaneous trip element. Blocking the element, instead of the trip path, with a
contact of the autoreclose relay will ensure correct flagging at all times.
Where lightning strikes are frequent, it can be an advantage to make the I>>/Io>>
setting equal to I>/Io>, in order to detect the maximum number of transient faults.
4.7.3 Additional fourth overcurrent stage
As described in Section 3.4.5 auxiliary timer 3 (tAUX3) can be used in conjunction
with the undercurrent element to provide a fourth time delayed overcurrent and earth
fault stage. If I< is set to a low threshold value the output can be used as an alarm to
Page 79
indicate current flow in the feeder. With the threshold set above load current, an
additional overcurrent stage is available for shaping the overall time current
characteristic of the relays. This stage may suffer from transient overreach when
very low time settings are applied.
4.7.4 Cold load start/pick-up for grading with motor starting
The cold load pick-up feature may be used to assist in grading overcurrent relays
with motor starting currents by lifting the curves above the motor starting
characteristic.
In the example shown in Figure 35, the motor starting current encroaches into the
operation zone of the overload characteristic provided by t>/to>. If this setting is
increased by the cold load feature, it will allow the motor to start and then return the
protection settings to more appropriate values.
It is not suggested that this arrangement will eliminate the need for motor protection
because it does not model the thermal characteristics of the motor. However it can
provide some basic overcurrent protection
Time
t >'
Alter
native
overcurr
ent
t>
Energizing current
Overcu
rrent
Current
Figure 35. Energizing currents
4.7.5 Sensitivity to transformer inrush currents

Either the I>>/Io>> elements, or the I>>>/Io>>> elements, may be used as high-set
instantaneous elements. The design is such that they will not respond to the transient
component of the fault current and so may be set closer to motor starting current
level.
The principles used should allow the instantaneous elements to be set down to 35%
of the anticipated peak transformer inrush current. To a first approximation the peak
inrush is given by the reciprocal of the per unit series reactance of the transformer.
Page 80
Use of the cold load pick up feature, to increase the time setting for the
instantaneous elements when energizing the primary circuit, may also be considered
as a way of allowing lower current thresholds to be used.
It is generally recommended that separate output relays are allocated for remote
circuit breaker control. This enables the control outputs to be selected via a local/
remote selector switch mounted on the circuit breaker (sometimes a health and
safety requirement). Where this feature is not required the same output relay(s) can
be used for both protection and remote tripping.
+ ve
Protection
trip
Trip
Remote 0
control Close
trip
Remote
control
close
Local
Remote
Trip Close
ve
Figure 36. Remote control of circuit breaker
4.7.7 Load shedding

Load shedding by tripping less important loads can also benefit from the control
connections shown in the remote control diagram (Figure 36). Where load
restoration is being used it will be necessary to provide for both tripping and closing
of the circuit breaker via the relay. The time delay (tRESTORE) may be set to
different values for each circuit so that the reclosures of the circuit breakers are
staggered.
Note: If the auxiliary supply to the relay is removed for a short period of time, the
relay will not remember that it tripped for a load shed command. This will
result in the relay not responding to a restoration command.
Page 81
Section 5. TECHNICAL DATA
5.1 Ratings
5.1.1 Inputs
Reference Current (In) Nominal Rating Continuous 3 Seconds 1 Second
Auxiliary powered In = 1A 3.2In 30In 100A
In = 5A 3.2In 30In 400A
Dual powered In = 1A 2.4In 30In 100A
In = 5A 2.4In 30In 400A
Reference Voltage (Vn) Nominal Range Maximum Withstand Value

Polarizing voltage 0 327V phase/neutral 375V
Vn = 110V 0 327V phase/phase
0 327V 3x(zero sequence)
Auxiliary Voltage (Vx) Nominal Rating Operative Range Absolute

DC Supply AC 50/60Hz Maximum
Auxiliary powered 24 125V ac/dc 19 150V 50 133V 190V crest
48 250V ac/dc 33 300V 87 265V 380V crest
Dual powered 100 250V ac/dc 60 300V 60 265V 380V crest
Frequency (Fn) Nominal Rating Reference Range

Frequency tracking 50 Hz or 60 Hz 45-65Hz
Non tracking 50 Hz or 60 Hz 47-52.5Hz or 57-63Hz
Opto-Isolated Inputs Nominal Rating Off Voltage On Voltage

Supply 60V dc only 12V dc 35V dc
Maximum
withstand 60V dc
5.1.2 Outputs
Field Voltage 48V dc (Current limited to 60mA)
Capacitor Trip 50V dc (680 microfarad capacitor)
Energy = 0.85J
5.2 Burdens
5.2.1 Reference current circuit
Auxiliary powered Phase Earth SEF
In = 1A 0.04 0.08 0.18 ohms at In
In = 1A 0.07 0.07 0.07 ohms at 30In
In = 5A 0.006 0.008 0.012 ohms at In
In = 5A 0.006 0.008 0.007 ohms at 30In
Page 82
Dual powered Phase Earth SEF
In = 1A 0.58 2.7 2.6 ohms at 0.5 In for Vx = 110V
0.45 2.3 2.2 ohms at In for Vx = 110V
0.37 2.0 2.0 ohms at 2 In for Vx = 110V
0.33 1.9 1.8 ohms at 5 In for Vx = 110V
0.31 1.9 1.7 ohms at 10 In for Vx = 110V
0.31 1.9 1.7 ohms at 20 In for Vx = 110V
0.31 1.7 1.5 ohms at 30 In for Vx = 110V
5.4 11.3 12.4 ohms at In for Vx = 0V
2.1 5.2 5.6 ohms at 2 In for Vx = 0V
0.8 2.6 2.6 ohms at 5 In for Vx = 0V
0.46 2.0 2.0 ohms at 10 In for Vx = 0V
0.35 1.8 1.8 ohms at 20 In for Vx = 0V
0.32 1.6 1.6 ohms at 30 In for Vx = 0V
0.027 0.088 0.089 ohms at In for Vx = 110V
0.024 0.078 0.079 ohms at 2 In for Vx = 110V
0.022 0.072 0.071 ohms at 5 In for Vx = 110V
0.021 0.071 0.068 ohms at 10 In for Vx = 110V
0.021 0.069 0.066 ohms at 20 In for Vx = 110V
0.021 0.062 0.064 ohms at 30 In for Vx = 110V
0.220 0.454 0.500 ohms at In for Vx = 0V
0.091 0.207 0.225 ohms at 2 In for Vx = 0V
0.037 0.103 0.101 ohms at 5 In for Vx = 0V
0.026 0.078 0.077 ohms at 10 In for Vx = 0V
0.022 0.073 0.071 ohms at 20 In for Vx = 0V
0.021 0.070 0.066 ohms at 30 In for Vx = 0V
5.2.2 Polarizing current circuit
Earth SEF
Polarizing current 0.08 0.18 ohms for In = 1A
0.008 0.012 ohms for In = 5A
5.2.3 Reference voltage circuit
Polarizing voltage 0.02 VA at 110V phase/neutral
0.15 VA at 327V phase/neutral
5.2.4 Auxiliary voltage
DC supply 2.5 6.0 W at Vx max with no output relays or logic inputs energized
4.0 8.0 W at Vx max with 2 output relays and 2 logic inputs energized
5.5 12 W at Vx max with all output relays and logic inputs energized
AC supply 6.0 12 VA at Vx max with no output relays or logic inputs energized
6.0 14 VA at Vx max with 2 output relays and 2 logic inputs energized
13 23 VA at Vx max with all output relays and logic inputs energized
Page 83
5.2.5 Opto-isolated inputs
DC supply 0.25W per input (50V 10k)
5.3 Overcurrent setting ranges
5.3.1 Auxiliary powered relays
Threshold (Is) Step size
Phase fault I> 0.08 3.2In 0.01In
I>> 0.08 32In 0.01In
I>>> 0.08 32In 0.01In
I< 0.02 3.2In 0.01In
Standard earth fault Io> 0.02 0.8In 0.0025In
Io>> 0.02 8.0In 0.0025In
Io>>> 0.02 8.0In 0.0025In
Io< 0.005 0.8In 0.0025In
Sensitive earth fault Io> 0.002 0.08In 0.00025In
Io>> 0.002 0.8In 0.00025In
Io>>> 0.002 0.8In 0.00025In
Io< 0.0005 0.08In 0.00025In
Reset General 0.95Is
5.3.2 Dual powered relays
Threshold (Is) Step size
Phase fault I> 0.4 2.4In 0.01In
I>> 0.4 32In 0.01In
I>>> 0.4 32In 0.01In
I< 0.02 3.2In 0.01In
Standard earth fault Io> 0.02 0.8In 0.0025In
Io>> 0.02 8.0In 0.0025In
Io>>> 0.02 8.0In 0.0025In
Io< 0.005 0.8In 0.0025In
Sensitive earth fault Io> 0.002 0.08In 0.00025In
Io>> 0.002 0.8In 0.00025In
Io>>> 0.002 0.8In 0.00025In
Io< 0.0005 0.08In 0.00025In
Reset General 0.95Is
Note: Operation is not guaranteed for earth faults below 0.2In, regardless of the
actual setting, when the load current is below 0.4In and the auxiliary voltage
is not available. See also the special application notes for dual powered
relays and the table in Section 4.4.3 regarding the maximum number of
outputs and inputs that may be energized at any one time.
Page 84
5.4 Time setting ranges
5.4.1 Inverse definite minimum time (IDMT)
K x [TMS]
t=
(I/Is) 1
Where t = operation time
K = constant
I = fault current
Is = current threshold setting
= constant
TMS = time multiplier (0.025 to 1.2 in steps of 0.025)
Curve description Name Constants Minimum operation

Short time inverse (STI30XDT) K = 0.05 = 0.04 1.05Is
Standard inverse (SI30XDT)* K = 0.14 = 0.02 1.05Is
Inverse (IN30XDT) K = 9.4 = 0.7 1.05Is
Very inverse (VI30XDT)* K = 13.5 =1 1.05Is
Extremely inverse (EI20XDT)* K = 80 =2 1.05Is
Extremely inverse (EI10XDT) K = 80 =2 1.05Is
Long time inverse (LT30XDT) K = 120 =1 1.05Is
* IEC standard characteristic
5.4.2 Definite Independent time
Setting range Step size
to>/t> Definite time 0 to 100 s 0.01s
tRESET Definite time 0 to 60 s 0.1s
to>>/t>> Definite time 0 to 100 s 0.01s
to>>>/t>>> Definite time 0 to 10 s 0.01s
5.4.3 Auxiliary time delays
Setting range Step size
tV< Definite time 0 to 10s 0.01s
tAUX1 Definite time 0 to 14.4ks(4Hrs) 0.01, 0.1, 1 or 10s
tAUX2 Definite time 0 to 14.4ks (4Hrs) 0.01, 0.1, 1 or 10s
tAUX3 Definite time 0 to 14.4ks (4Hrs) 0.01, 0.1, 1 or 10s
tCLP Definite time 0 to 14.4ks (4Hrs) 0.01, 0.1, 1 or 10s
tBF Definite time 0 to 10s 0.01s
tTRIP Definite time 0.5 to 2s 0.1s
tCLOSE Definite time 0.5 to 2s 0.1s
tRESTORE Definite time 0 to 100s 0.01s
Page 85
5.4.4 Measurement (Displayed)
Voltage (0 327) x VT ratio volts phase/neutral
Current (0 64)In x CT ratio amps per phase
Power (0 9.999)x1021 Watts
VAr (0 9.999)x1021 VAr
VA (0 9.999)x1021 VA
CB Operations (0 65535)
Current2 broken (0 9.999)x1021 A2
Frequency 45 65 Hz
5.5 Directional settings
Characteristic angle (c) 95.....0.....+95
Operating boundary c 90
Undervoltage (V<) 1V to 220V phase to phase
Voltage threshold Vp> 0.5V (fixed) overcurrent directional elements
Voltage threshold 0.5V to 22V directional earth fault
Current threshold Ip> 0.005In to 0.05In (dual polarized only)
Note: The KCEG 140 requires a residual voltage in excess of 6.4V before the
voltage threshhold circuit will function, regardless of the Vop setting. If this
is considered to be a problem in a particular application then a KCEG 110
should be used for the earth fault protection and a KCEG 130 for the
overcurrent protection.
Additional settings for the KCEU141/241
Voltage threshold Vop> 0.6V 22V
Characteristic angle (c) 1800+180
Po> (1A) 0 20W 50mW steps
Po> (5A) 0 100W 250mW steps
5.6 Ratios
CT ratios 9999 : 1 Default = 1 : 1
VT ratios 9999 : 1 Default = 1 : 1
5.7 Accuracy
5.7.1 Reference conditions
Ambient temperature 20C
Frequency 50Hz or 60Hz (whichever is set)
Time multiplier setting 1.0
Auxiliary voltage 24V to 125V (aux powered)
48V to 250V (aux powered)
100V to 250V (dual powered)
Fault Position Within 80 of the RCA where appropriate.
5.7.2 Current
Undercurrent Minimum operation 10% (> 4 x minimum setting)
20% (< 4 x minimum setting)
Page 86
Overcurrent Minimum operation 5%
Reset 5%
Repeatability 2.5%
5.7.3 Time delays
Reference
range
Operating time ST, SI, IN, VI, LT 5% + (20 to 40)ms 2Is to 30Is
(t>/to>) Extremely inv (EI) 7.5% + (20 to 40)ms 2Is to 20Is
Definite time 0.5% + (20 to 40)ms 3Is to 30Is
Operating time Definite time 0.5% + (10 to 45)ms 3Is to 30Is
(t>>/t>>>)
(to>>/to>>>)
Repeatabiltiy Inverse time 2% 40ms
Definite time 0.5% or 10ms
Overshoot time Less than 50ms when current reduced to zero.
Reset time t>/to> Definite time 1% 50ms
Disengagement I< typically 35ms
I>/Io> typically 30ms
t>/to> typically 30ms*
t>>/to>> typically 50ms*
t>>>/to>>> typically 50ms*
* Minimum dwell [disengagement time is affected if measuring
circuit resets within 100ms of pick-up. For further
information see Section 3.6.5.1.]
5.7.4 Directional
Characteristic angle c 0
Operating boundary c 90 accuracy 2
PU DO differential less than 3 (typically <1)
Polarizing voltage(Vp>) 10% (at c 80)
Polarizing voltage(Vop>) 10% (at c 80)
Polarizing current(Ip>) 10% (at c 80)
Undervoltage (V<) 10% (at c 80)
Undervoltage delay (tV<) 0.5%+(50 to 70)ms
5.7.5 Auxiliary timers
Operating time 0.5% or +(15 to 35)ms
Disengagement time 0 to 10 ms (for timers alone)
15 to 30ms (including output relays and opto-inputs)
Breaker Fail Timer tBF 0.5% or 10ms
Page 87
5.7.6 Measurements
Voltage 2%Vn (typical) - Reference range = 1 to 320V
Current 2%In (typical) - Reference range = setting range
Power 4%Pn (typical)
VAr 4%Pn (typical)
VA 4%Pn (typical)
Frequency (45-65Hz) 1%Fn (typical)
Wattmetric characteristic 4% (typical)
5.8 Influencing quantities
5.8.1 Ambient temperature
Operative range 25 to +55C
Current settings 1%
Voltage settings 0.03% per C
Operation times 1%
Angle measurement 2
5.8.2 Frequency
With frequency tracking
Operative range 46 to 65Hz
Current setting 1%
Voltage settings 1%
Operating times 1%
Angle measurement <1
Without frequency tracking (KCGG 110/210, KCGU 110, KCEG 110/210/160

KCEU 110/160
Operative range 47 to 52.5Hz or 57 to 63Hz
Current setting 5%
Voltage settings 5%
Operating times 2%
Angle measurement 2
5.8.3 Auxiliary supply
Nominal Operative range
24/125V 19 to 150V dc (aux powered)
50 to 133V ac (aux powered)
48/250V 33 to 300V dc (aux powered)
87 to 265V ac (aux powered)
100/250V 60 to 300V dc (dual powered)
60 to 265V ac (dual powered)
Page 88
Current settings 0.5%
Voltage settings 0.5%
Operation times 0.5%
Angle measurement 0.5
5.8.4 System X/R
Transient overreach <5%
Effect upon directional
characteristics
Effect upon Operating Times (fault 45 from RCA)
<40ms (X/R <30, I 5Is)
<75ms (X/R 90, I 5Is)
Minimum protection time delay for directional stability (fault 45 from RCA)
40ms (X/R 15, I 40In)
Additional time delay incurred for forward direction fault (45 from RCA)
60ms (X/R 5, I 16In)
100ms (X/R 15, I 40In)
5.9 Opto-isolated inputs
Capture time 12.5 2.5ms at 50Hz
10.4 2.1ms at 60Hz
Release time 12.5 2.5ms at 50Hz
10.4 2.1ms at 60Hz
Minimum operating voltage >35V dc
Input resistance 10k
Maximum series lead resistance 2k for single input at 40V min.
1k for 2 inputs in parallel at 40V min.
0.5k for 4 inputs in parallel at 40V min.
Maximum ac induced loop voltage 50Vrms (thermal limit)
Maximum capacitance coupled ac voltage 250Vrms via 0.1F
5.10 Contacts
Output relays 0 to 7
Type 2 make contacts connected in series
Rating Make 30A and carry for 0.2s
Carry 5A continuous
Break DC 50W resistive
25W inductive (L/R = 0.04s)
AC 1250VA (maximum of 5A)
Subject to maxima of 5A and 300V
Page 89
Watchdog
Type 1 make + 1 break
Rating Make 10A and carry for 0.2s
Carry 5A continuous
Break DC 30W resistive
DC 15W inductive (L/R = 0.04s)
AC 1250VA (maximum of 5A)
Subject to maxima of 5A and 300V
Durability
Loaded contact 10,000 operations minimum
Unloaded contact 100,000 operations minimum
5.11 Operation indicator
3 Light Emitting Diodes internally powered.
16 character by 2 line Liquid Crystal Display (with backlight).
5.12 Communication port
Language Courier
Transmission Synchronous RS485 voltage levels
Format HDLC
Baud Rate 64k/bit per second
K-Bus Cable Screened twisted pair
K-Bus cable length 1000m of cable.
K-Bus Loading 32 units (multidrop system)
5.13 Current transformer requirements
CT requirements for use in typical applications are shown below. These CT
requirements are based on a maximum prospective fault current of 50x relay rated
current (In) and the relay having a maximum high set setting of 25x rated current
(In). The CT requirements are designed to provide operation of the phase and earth
fault elements.
Where the criteria for a specific application are in excess of those detailed above or
the actual lead resistance exceeds the limiting value quoted, the CT requirements
may need to be increased. CT requirements for a variety of further applications are
provided in publication R6096.
Auxiliary powered relays
KCGG1--, KCEG1--, KCGU1--, KCEU1--, KMPC
Relay and CT Nominal output Accuracy class Accuracy limit Limiting lead
secondary rating factor resistance
-one way
(A) (VA) (x rated current) (ohms)
1 2.5 10P 20 1.3
5 7.5 10P 20 0.11
Page 90
Dual/self powered relays
KCGG2--, KCEG2--, KCGU2--, KCEU2--,
Relay and CT Nominal output Accuracy class Accuracy limit Limiting lead
secondary rating factor resistance
-one way
(A) (VA) (x rated current) (ohms)
1 7.5 10P 10 0.8
5 10 10P 20 0.17
Where the K Range relays are being used for Restricted Earth Fault protection the
CTs must be sized to assure stability as described in publication R4120.
The CT requirements for auxiliary powered relays can be used for the KMPC, but
the following points should also be considered:
The accuracy class should be chosen depending upon the required accuracy of
measurement.
Limits of error for accuracy class 5P and 10P
Accuracy class Current error at rated Composite error (%) at rated

primary current (%) accuracy limit
5P 1 5
10P 3 10
The accuracy limit factors detailed above should be used to ensure full range fault
recording.
Where sensitive earth fault protection is required, core balance CTs (Ferranti effect
CTs) may be used.
5.14 High voltage withstand

5.14.1 Insulation IEC60255-5: 1977
2.0kVrms for one minute between all terminals and case earth.
2.0kVrms for one minute between terminals of independent circuits,
including contact circuits.
1.5kVrms for one minute across open contacts of output relays 0 to 7.
1.0kVrms for one minute across open contacts of the watchdog relay.
5.14.2 Impulse IEC60255-5: 1977
5kV peak, 1.2/50s, 0.5J between all terminals and all terminals to case earth.
5.14.3 Insulation resistance IEC60255-5: 1977
> 100 M
5.15 Electrical Environment

5.15.1 DC supply interruptions IEC60255-11: 1979
The relay shall withstand a 10ms interrupt without de-energising.
Page 91
5.15.2 AC ripple on dc supply IEC60255-11: 1979
The relay shall withstand 12% ac ripple.
5.15.3 High frequency disturbance IEC60255-22-1: 1988
Class III 2.5kV peak between independent circuits and case.
1.0kV peak across terminals of the same circuit.
No additional tolerances are required for the operating time or the unit's thresholds.
5.15.4 Electrostatic discharge
IEC60255-22-2: 1989 Class III (8.0kV) - discharge in air with cover in place.
IEC60801-2: 1991 Level 2 (4.0kV) - point contact discharge with cover
removed.
5.15.5 Fast transient disturbance
IEC60255-22-4: 1992 Class IV (4.0kV, 2.5kHz) applied directly to auxiliary supply
and watchdog relay.
IEC60801-4: 1988 Level 3 (2.0kV, 5kHz) applied directly to all inputs.
5.15.6 Radio frequency interference
EMC Compliance
89/336/EEC Compliance with the European Commission Directive on
EN50081-2: 1994 EMC is claimed via the Technical Construction File route.
EN50082-2: 1995 Generic standards were used to establish conformity.
5.16 Atmospheric Environment

5.161 Temperature
IEC60255-6: 1988 Storage and transit 25C to +70C
Operating 25C to +55C
IEC60068-2-1: 1990 Cold
IEC60068-2-1: 1974 Dry Heat
5.16.2 Humidity
IEC60068-2-3: 1969 56 days at 93% relative humidity and 40C
5.16.3 Enclosure protection
IEC60529: 1989 IP50 (Dust protected)
Page 92
5.17 Mechanical Environment
5.17.1 Vibration
IEC60255-21-1: 1988 Response Class 1
Endurance Class 1
5.17.2 Shock and bump
IEC60255-21-2: 1988 Shock response Class 1
Shock withstand Class 1
Bump Class 1
5.17.3 Seismic
IEC60255-21-3: 1993 Class 1
5.18 Model numbers
Configuration (ie. settings as supplied) and

connection diagram (Sheet. No. varies with external
connection arrangement).
KCGG140 CO CS RTG A
Issue
Rating
Case details Mechanical assembly
Relay Type
Page 93
KCEG 1XX
0 First Version
1 Single pole E/F
2 Two pole Ph/F
3 Three pole Ph/F
4 Three pole Ph/F + E/F
5 Three pole Ph/F + DEF (only used for KCEG/KCEU)
6 Dual Polarized E/F (only used for KCEG/KCEU)
1 Auxiliary Powered (V)
2 Dual Powered (V&I)
G General application
U Sensitive E/F
E Directional
G Overcurrent
C Current (measured quantity)
K K Range Midos
CO
01 Standard configuration
CS
1 Back connected flush mounting (standard mounting)
May be used as an additional digit for configuration later
D Midos case size 4
F Midos case size 6
H Midos case size 8
RTG
E Standard (English text)
A Vn = 0V In = 0A
C Vn = 0V In = 1A 50/60Hz
E Vn = 0V In = 5A 50/60Hz
F Vn = 0V In = 5A (equal PF and EF sensitivity) 50/60Hz
G Vn = 0V In = 5A (PF) + 1A(EF) 50/60Hz
J Vn = 57 120V In = 0A
L Vn = 57 120V In = 1A 50/60Hz
M Vn = 57 120V In = 5A 50/60Hz
N Vn = 57 120V In = 5A(equal PF and EF settings) 50/60Hz
P Vn = 57 120V In = 5A(PF) + 1A(EF) 50/60Hz
2 Vx = 24 125V ac/dc (Auxiliary powered version)
5 Vx = 48 250V ac/dc (Auxiliary powered version)
9 Vx = 100 250V ac/dc (Dual powered version)
Note: Initial production relays will have the reference voltage rating marked as
Vn = 110V and for later models this will be marked 57-120V. The voltage
rating and operational range is the same for both marked ratings and the
only difference is in the label affixed to the relay.
Page 94
5.19 Frequency response
The operating criteria for each element have been chosen to suit the applications for
which it is most likely to be used. Knowing how these elements respond under
operating conditions will help to apply them effectively.
1 = Fn when non-frequency tracking

= 45 <F< 65Hz when frequency tracking
1 Fourier filter response
Anti-aliasing filter response
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Harmonic
Figure 37. Response of Fourier filtering
Measurement is based on the Fourier derived value of the fundamental component

of current and Figure 37 shows the frequency response that results from this
filtering. The "1" on the horizontal scale relates to the selected rated frequency of the
relay and the figures "2", "3", "4" etc. are the second, third and fourth harmonic
frequencies respectively. It can be seen that harmonics up to and including the 6th
are suppressed, giving no output. The 7th is the first predominant harmonic and this
is attenuated to approximately 30% by the anti-aliasing filter. For power frequencies
that are not equal to the selected rated frequency ie. the frequency does not coincide
with "1" on the horizontal scale, the harmonics will not be of zero amplitude.
For small frequency deviations of 1Hz, this is not a problem but to allow for larger
deviations, an improvement is obtained by the addition of frequency tracking.
With frequency tracking the sampling rate of the analogue/digital conversion is
automatically adjusted to match the applied signal. In the absence of a signal of
suitable amplitude to track, the sample rate defaults to that to suit the selected rated
frequency (Fn) for the relay. In presence of a signal within the tracking range (45 to
65Hz), the relay will lock on to the signal and the "1" on the horizontal axis in
Figure 37 will coincide with the measured frequency of the measured signal.
The resulting output for 2nd, 3rd, 4th 5th and 6th harmonics will be zero.
Thus Figure 37 applies when the relay is not frequency tracking the signal and also
if it is tracking a frequency within the range 45 to 65Hz.
Power frequency signals are predominant in phase quantities and are therefore used
in the frequency tracking routine, whereas earth fault quantities often contain a high
proportion of harmonic signals. The earth fault element of multi-pole relays will
generally be locked to the power frequency as the relay tracks it using the phase
quantities. If the relay were to track a frequency above 65Hz then it would try to
lock on to a sub-harmonic frequency and the response would then be as shown in
Figure 38. The horizontal axis of this graph is in Hz, the units of frequency, and a
substantial output is produced for the 2nd harmonic of the system frequency and also
for the 3rd, etc. Hence it is for this reason the relays are restricted to tracking the
phase quantities and do not track earth fault signals.
Page 95
1
0 100 200 300 400

Frequency - Hz
Figure 38. Response when tracking a single frequency
Transient overreach
The I>>/Io>> and I>>>/Io>>> elements are often required for instantaneous high set
and/or low set functions and for these applications they need to be unaffected by
offset waveforms, which may contain a large dc exponential component and by
transformer inrush currents. To achieve this, two criteria for operation are applied
independently. The first is that the Fourier derived power frequency component of
the fault current is above the set threshold, as for I>/Io>. The second is that the peak
of any half cycle of current exceeds twice the set threshold value and is provided to
reduce the operation time to less than that which could be obtained with the Fourier
measurement alone.
For directional overcurrent relays see also Section 5.19.1
Another point to be aware of is that the second criterion uses peak values and these
are only filtered by the anti-aliasing filter. However, the peak measurements are still
based on sampled values and the position of the samples relative to the peak of the
harmonic will depend on the phase relationship. The frequency response will
therefore be modified for the I>>/Io>> and I>>>/Io>>> elements for which Figure
39 is typical only.
For certain applications it may be necessary to set the I>> or Io>> element to a low
setting, possibly lower than that for the I> or Io> elements. In these situations the
modified frequency response shown in Figure 39 may not be acceptable because of
the lack of harmonic rejection. To overcome this problem a software link is provided
to select or deselect the peak detection feature for the I>> and Io>> overcurrent
elements.
1 Filter response for I>>/I>>> with peak measurement

tracking a single frequency
0 50 100 200 300 400

Frequency Hz
Figure 39. Typical composite frequency response
Page 96
5.19.1 Frequency response of directional elements
The peak measurement is not used for the I>>/Io>> and I>>>/Io>>> elements of
directional overcurrent relays. This is to ensure that the overcurrent and directional
measurement is made from the same data to ensure decisive operation. Figure 39
will then no longer apply and the frequency response of these elements will be as
shown in Figures 37 and 38.
The phase directional elements are provided with synchronous polarization which is
maintained for 320ms after the voltage collapses so that decisive operation is
ensured. During the period of synchronous polarization the relay tracks the
frequency on a current signal so that the phase correction is kept as close as possible,
even with some deviation in frequency.
Section 6. COMMISSIONING
6.1 Commissioning preliminaries

When commissioning a K Range relay for the first time the engineers should allow
an hour to get familiar with the menu. Please read Section 6.1.1.1 which provides
simple instructions for negotiating the relay menu using the push buttons [F] [+] []
and [0] on the front of the relay. Individual cells can be viewed and the settable
values can be changed by this method.
If a portable PC is available together with a K-Bus interface unit and the courier
access software, then the menu can be viewed a page at a time to display a full
column of data and text. Settings are also more easily entered and the final settings
can be saved to a file on a disk for future reference or printing a permanent record.
The instructions are provided with the Courier Access software.
6.1.1 Quick guide to local menu control
With the cover in place only the [F] and [0] push buttons are accessible, so data can
only be read or flag and counter functions reset. No protection or configuration
settings can be changed. In the table [F]long indicates that the key is pressed for
1s and [F]short for less than 0.5s. This allows the same key to perform more than
one function.
Page 97
6.1.1.1 With the cover fitted to the case
Current display Key press Effect of action

Default display or [F]short or Display changes to first menu column
fault flags after a trip [F]long heading SYSTEM DATA.
[0]short Backlight turns ON.
[0]long If the fault flags are displayed the trip LED
will be reset and the display will return to
the selected default display.
Column heading [0]short Backlight turned ON.
[0]long Returns to the selected default display
without waiting for the time-out delay.
Anywhere in menu [F]short Displays the next item of data in the
column.
[F]long Displays the heading for the next column.
[0]short Turns the backlight ON.
[0]long If a resettable cell is displayed it will be
reset.
Table 6.1
6.1.1.2 With the cover removed from the case
The key presses listed in 6.1.1.1 still apply and in addition the [+] and [] keys are
accessible:
Current display Key press Effect of action

Column heading [] Move to next column heading.
[+]short Move to previous column heading
A settable cell [+] or [] Puts relay in the setting mode (flashing
cursor on bottom line of display) if the cell
is not password protected.
Setting mode [+] Increments value.
[] Decrements value.
[F] Changes to the confirmation display.
If function links, relay or input masks are
displayed then the [F] key will step through
them from left to right. A further key press
will change to the confirmation display.
[0] Escapes from the setting mode without
setting being changed.
Confirmation display [+] Confirms setting and enters new value.
[] Returns prospective value of setting for
checking and further modification.
[0] Escapes from the setting mode without the
setting being changed.
Table 6.2
Page 98
6.1.1.2 Terminal allocation
Reference should be made to the diagram supplied with every relay. The diagram
number will be found on the label fixed inside the case to the left-hand side.
Section 3.6 of this document provides useful notes on connections to the relay.
6.1.1.3 Electrostatic discharge (ESD)
See recommendations in Section 1 of this user manual before handling module
outside its case.
6.1.1.4 Inspection
Carefully examine the module and case to see that no damage has occurred since
installation and visually check the current transformer shorting switches in the case
are wired into the correct circuit and are closed when the module is withdrawn.
Check that the serial number on the module, case and cover are identical and that the
model number and rating information are correct.
Check that the external wiring is correct to the relevant relay diagram or scheme
diagram. The relay diagram number appears inside the case on a label at the left
hand side. The serial number of the relay also appears on this label, the inside of the
cover and on the front plate of the relay module. The serial numbers marked on
these three items should match; the only time that they may not match is when a
failed relay module has been replaced for continuity of protection.
With the relay removed from its case, ensure that the shorting switches between
terminals listed below are closed by checking with a continuity tester.
Terminals: 21 and 22; 23 and 24; 25 and 26; 27 and 28.
6.1.1.5 Earthing
Ensure that the case earthing connection, above the rear terminal block, is used to
connect the relay to a local earth bar and where there is more than one relay the
copper earth bar is in place connecting the earth terminals of each case in the same
tier together.
6.1.1.6 Main current transformers
DO NOT OPEN CIRCUIT THE SECONDARY CIRCUIT OF A LIVE CT SINCE
THE HIGH VOLTAGE PRODUCED MAY BE LETHAL TO PERSONNEL AND
COULD DAMAGE INSULATION.
6.1.1.7 Test block
If the MMLG test block is provided, the connections should be checked to the
scheme diagram, particularly that the supply connections are to the live side of the
test block (coloured orange) and with the terminals allocated odd numbers
(1, 3, 5, 7 etc.). The auxiliary supply is normally routed via terminals 13 (+) and
15 (), but check against the schematic diagram for the installation.
6.1.1.8 Insulation
Insulation tests only need to be done when required.
Isolate all wiring from the earth and test the insulation with an electronic or
brushless insulation tester at a dc voltage not exceeding 1000V. Terminals of the
same circuits should be temporarily strapped together.
The main groups on the relays are given below but they may be modified by external
connection as can be determined from the scheme diagram.
Page 99
a) Current transformer circuits.
b) Voltage transformer circuits.
c) Auxiliary voltage supply (and capacitor discharge circuit on
200 series relays).
d) Field voltage output and opto-isolated control inputs.
e) Relay contacts.
f) Communication port.
g) Case earth.
Note: Do not apply an insulation test between the auxiliary supply and the
capacitor discharge terminals because they are part of the same circuit and
internally connected.
6.1.2 Commissioning test notes
6.1.2.1 Commissioning the relay with its calculated application settings
Relay Model Auxiliary Dual Earth fault Sensitive Phase Directional Directional Dual Wattmetric
powered powered element earth fault fault earth fault phase fault polarized element
element element element element earth fault
element
Test Test Test Test Test Tests Tests Tests Tests
6.1.3.1 6.1.3.2 6.1.6 6.1.6 6.1.7 6.1.8 & 6.1.9 & 6.1.6 & 6.1.12
6.1.11.2.1 6.1.11.2.2 6.1.11.2.1
KCGG 110 P 1
KCGG 120 P 2
KCGG 130 P 3
KCGG 140 P 1 3
KCGG 210 P 1
KCGG 230 P 3
KCGG 240 P 1 3
KCGU 110 P 1
KCGU 140 P 1 3
KCGU 240 P 1 3
KCEG 110 P 1
KCEG 130 P 3
KCEG140 P 1 3
KCEG 150 P 3 1
KCEG 160 P 1
KCEG 210 P 1
KCEG 230 P 3
KCEG 240 P 1 3
KCEG 250 P 3 1
KCEU 110 P 1
KCEU 140 P 1 3
KCEU 141 P 1 3 1
KCEU 150 P 3 1
KCEU 160 P 1
KCEU 240 P 1 3 1
KCEU 241 P 1 3 1
KCEU 250 P 3 1
Table 6.3
Page 100
Table 6.3 lists the relay types and the tests that must be performed on the relay
power supply, overcurrent, earth fault and directional elements.
A P in a column indicates which type of power supply each particular
relay has.
A number in a column indicates how many elements of that type each
particular relay has.
After the auxiliary supply tests the settings required for the particular application
should be entered as described in Section 6.1.4.
After the settings have been entered the measurements checks described in Section
6.1.5 should be carried out.
None of the current, voltage and time ranges given in these instructions make any
allowance for instrument errors.
6.1.2.2 Commissioning the relay with the logic required for a particular application
The relay should be commissioned with the selective logic settings required for the
particular application. Table 6.4 lists the selective logic schemes and the tests that
must be performed on the relay to ensure these work correctly.
Selective logic function Test

Opto-input blocking logic 6.1.10.1
Timer blocking functions 6.1.10.2
Undervoltage logic 6.1.10.3
Auxiliary timers (Aux1, Aux2, Aux3) 6.1.10.4
Breaker fail and backtripping 6.1.10.5
Change of setting group 6.1.10.6
Cold load start / pickup 6.1.10.7
Circuit breaker control 6.1.10.8
Table 6.4
Selective logic features listed below require K-Bus remote commands and are not
covered by the commissioning instructions:
Remote setting change
Remote group change
Remote circuit breaker control
Remote load shedding control
6.1.2.3 Equipment required
For KCGG and KCGU relays the following equipment is required :
Overcurrent test set with time interval meter.
Multifinger test plug type MMLB01 for use with test block type MMLG.
Continuity tester.
Page 101
For KCEG and KCEU relays the following additional equipment is required :
440/110V star/star phase shifting transformer.
AC voltmeter 0-440V
DC voltmeter 0-250V
AC multi-range ammeter
Suitable non-inductive potentiometer to adjust polarizing voltage level.
Phase angle meter or transducer. If necessary suitable current shunt(s) for use
with the phase angle meter.
For KCEG160 and KCEU160 only:
Resistor for controlling the polarizing current signal.
Additional multi-range ammeter for the polarizing current.
A 110/3V step-down transformer for use with the phase shifter to obtain the
polarizing current source (only necessary if the phase shifter cannot provide
sufficient current directly).
A portable PC, with suitable software and a KITZ101 K-Bus/IEC60870-5 interface
unit will be useful but in no way essential to commissioning.
6.1.3 Auxiliary supply tests
6.1.3.1 Auxiliary powered relays (100s)
6.1.3.1.1 Auxiliary supply
The relay can be operated from either an ac or a dc auxiliary supply but the
incoming voltage must be within the operating range specified in Table 6.5.
Relay rating (V) DC operating AC operating Maximum crest

range (V) range (VAC) voltage (V)
24/125 19 150 50 133 190
48/250 33 300 87 265 380
Table 6.5
CAUTION: The relay can withstand some ac ripple on a dc auxiliary supply.
However, in all cases the peak value of the auxiliary supply must not
exceed the maximum crest voltage. Do not energize the relay using the
battery charger with the battery disconnected.
6.1.3.1.2 Energization from auxiliary voltage supply
For secondary injection testing using the test block type MMLG, insert test plug
type MMLB01 with CT shorting links fitted. It may be necessary to link across the
front of the test plug to restore the auxiliary supply to the relay.
Isolate the relay trip contacts and insert the module. With the auxiliary disconnected
from the relay use a continuity tester to monitor the state of the watchdog contacts as
listed in Table 6.6.
Connect the auxiliary supply to the relay. The relay should power up with the LCD
showing the default display and the centre green LED being illuminated; this
indicates the relay is healthy. The relay has a non-volatile memory which remembers
the state (ON or OFF) of the LED trip indicator when the relay was last powered,
and therefore
Page 102
the indicator may be illuminated. With a continuity checker, monitor the state of
watchdog contacts as listed in Table 6.6.
Terminals With relay de-energized With relay energized

3 and 5 contact closed contact open
4 and 6 contact open contact closed
Table 6.6
6.1.3.1.3 Field voltage
The relay generates a field voltage that should be used to energize the opto-isolated
inputs. With the relay energized, measure the field voltage across terminals 7 and 8.
Terminal 7 should be positive with respect to terminal 8 and should be within the
range specified in Table 6.7 when no load is connected.
Nominal dc rating (V) Range (V)

48 45 60
Table 6.7
6.1.3.2 Dual powered relays (200s)
6.1.3.2.1 Auxiliary Supply
The relay can be operated from either an ac or a dc auxiliary supply but the
incoming voltage must be within the operating range specified in Table 6.8.
Relay rating (V) DC Operating AC Operating Maximum crest

range (V) range (V) voltage (V)
100/250 60 300 60 265 380
Table 6.8
CAUTION: The relay can withstand some ac ripple on a dc auxiliary supply.
However in all cases the peak value of the dc supply must not exceed
the maximum specified operating limits.
Do not energize the relay using the battery charger with the batteries
disconnected.
Note: The application of the auxiliary voltage supply reduces the burden that is
imposed by the relay on the current injection equipment. For the secondary
injection tests in Sections 6.6 to 6.9 inclusive, it is recommended that the
relay should be powered from an auxiliary supply rather than from the
current circuit.
6.1.3.2.2 Energization from auxiliary voltage supply
For secondary injection testing using the test block type MMLG, insert test plug
type MMLB 01 with CT shorting links fitted. It may be necessary to link across the
front of the test plug to restore the auxiliary supply to the relay.
Isolate the relay trip contacts and insert the module. With the auxiliary disconnected
from the relay, use a continuity tester to monitor the state of the watchdog contacts
as listed in Table 6.9.
Page 103
Reconnect the auxiliary supply to the relay. The relay should power up with the
LCD showing the default display and the centre green LED being illuminated; this
indicates the relay is healthy. The relay has a non-volatile memory which remembers
the state (ON or OFF) of the LED trip indicator when the relay was last powered,
and therefore the indicator may be illuminated. With a continuity checker, monitor
the state of watchdog contacts as listed in Table 6.9.
N.B. These contacts only change state for an internal fault within the relay.
Terminals With relay de-energized With relay energized
3 and 5 contact closed contact closed
4 and 6 contact open contact open
Table 6.9
6.1.3.2.3 Field voltage
The relay generates a field voltage that should be used to energize the opto isolated
inputs.
With the relay energized measure the field voltage across terminals 7 and 8.
Terminal 7 should be positive with respect to terminal 8 and should be within the
range specified in Table 6.10 when no load is connected.
Nominal dc rating (V) Range (V)
48 45 60
Table 6.10
6.1.3.2.4 Capacitor trip voltage
Measure the supply to trip coil voltage across terminals 9 and 10. Terminal 9 should
be positive with respect to terminal 10 and should be within the range specified in
Table 6.11 when no load is connected.
Nominal capacitor trip voltage (V dc) DC range (V)
50 45 55
Table 6.11
6.1.3.2.5 Energization from line CTs
With the auxiliary supply disconnected from the relay inject current into the relay
terminals listed in Table 6.12. In each case the relay should power up correctly with
the LCD showing the default display and the centre green LED being illuminated.
Repeat tests 6.1.3.2.3 and 6.1.3.2.4 with the relay powered from the injected current.
Injected current (x In) Terminals

0.4 x In Inject into terminals 21 and 23.
Link terminals 22 and 24.
Table 6.12
Page 104
For 0.2 x In the relay may chatter. This is due to the loading effect of the output
relays and is overcome by disabling the relevant output relay masks (Start and Trip).
6.1.4 Settings
The commissioning engineer should be supplied with all the required settings for the
relay. The settings should be entered into the relay via the front keypad or using a
portable PC with a K-Bus connection.
The protection settings for the relay are contained in PHASE FAULT (1), EARTH
FAULT (1), PHASE FAULT (2) and EARTH FAULT (2) menu columns. The last
two columns are only required if setting group 2 is used.
The time characteristics for the first overcurrent stages are selectable and it is not
necessary to select the same curve for both phase and earth faults. The selection is
made in the menu columns for phase and earth fault settings, but the password must
first be entered before the characteristic can be changed.
The following abbreviations are used for the relay characteristic curves:
STI30XDT Short time inverse characteristic
goes definite time after 30xIs
SI30XDT Standard inverse characteristic
goes definite time after 30xIs * IEC
I30XDT Inverse characteristic
VI30XDT Very inverse characteristic
EI20XDT Extremely inverse characteristic
EI10XDT Extremely inverse characteristic
LTI30XDT Long time earth fault characteristic
DT Definite time characteristic
The characteristics of the relay can be further changed by setting function links as
described in Section 3.4.1. These links change the logic within the relay so that the
auxiliary functions can be used for alternative tasks. They can also turn OFF or
block some of the unwanted functions and so this is the first place to look if the relay
is not configured as required.
SYSTEM DATA SYS Fn Links
EARTH FAULT (1) EF1 Fn Links
PHASE FAULT (1) PF1 Fn Links
EARTH FAULT (2) EF2 Fn Links
PHASE FAULT (2) PF2 Fn Links
LOGIC FUNCTIONS LOG Fn Links
INPUT MASKS An eight bit mask is allocated to each protection and
control function that can be influenced by an external
input applied to one or more opto-isolated inputs.
Page 105
RELAY MASK An eight bit mask is allocated to each protection and
control function that can operate one or more outputs.
It is necessary to enter the password before the functions link, time curve, masks,
VT and CT ratios can be changed.
For each protection and control function input required, at least one opto-input must
be allocated in the INPUT MASK menu.
For each protection and control function output required, at least one output relay
must be allocated in the RELAY MASK menu.
When the relay leaves the factory it is configured with a set of default relay masks,
input masks and protection settings. Any of these settings can be left at these default
values if required.
When the relay settings have been entered into the relay, they should be noted down
on the commissioning test record sheet. If the K-Bus communications are being used
then the master station can download the settings to the relay, record any relay
settings on disc and download recorded settings to other relays.
All relays will leave the factory set for operation at a system frequency of 50Hz. If
operation at 60Hz is required then this must be set as follows:
From 'SYSTEMS DATA' menu, press the 'F' key until 'SYS Frequency 50Hz'
appears on the LCD. Press the '+' key until the display shows 'SYS Frequency 60Hz'.
Then press the 'F' key once more followed by the '+' key to confirm the change.
6.1.5 Measurement checks
To test the relay measurement functions a known current should be injected into
each phase input and the neutral input. For directional relays the polarizing
voltage(s) should be applied to the VT inputs as per the application diagram.
The phase to neutral voltage should be measured with a voltmeter, or for single pole
relays the open delta winding voltage from the line VTs.
With the CT and VT ratio settings of the PHASE FAULT and EARTH FAULT
headings set to the values of the line CTs and VTs the displayed, measured values
and settings will be in the equivalent primary quantities.
All measured values have a tolerance of 5% except power which is the product of
two quantities and therefore has a tolerance of 10%.
The maximum displayed measured value for SEF element is 1.638A with a CT ratio
of 1:1.
6.1.6 Earth fault/sensitive earth fault element
[KCGG110/210, KCGG140/240, KCGU110, KCGU140/240]
The relay should be commissioned with the settings calculated for the application.
For dual powered relays it is recommended that the relay is energized from an
auxiliary voltage supply as this will reduce the burden imposed by the relay on the
current injection test set.
Ensure that the main system current transformers are short circuited before isolating
them from the relay in preparation for secondary injection tests. Also isolate the
relay trip contacts.
Page 106
6.1.6.1 Test connections
Connect the auxiliary supply to the relay and record the voltage at terminals 13
(+ve) and 14 (ve).
Ensure that the line CTs are short circuited and disconnected from the relay.
If relay has simple overcurrent elements then connect the current injection test set to
terminals 27 and 28 of the relay. If the earth fault elements are directionalized then
go to Section 6.1.8.
6.1.6.2 Current sensitivity for Io>
This test checks the current sensitivity of the relay. Operation of the relay can be
monitored in three ways:
1 By indication from the relay contacts.
2 Viewing the [SYS Relay Stat] display under the SYSTEM DATA heading of the
menu.
3 Setting the display to [Fnow] which will be found in the fault record column.
Note: The default display can be set to [Fnow] if preferred.
If the display is [Fnow], the current state of the flags, a letter is displayed to indicate
which phase has started and an * will indicate which element has tripped. See
Section 3.1.5 for more information on the flag display.
Inject single phase current into the earth fault current input of the relay (terminals 27
and 28) and slowly increase the current, noting the pick-up value at which the
START relay operates. Reduce the current slowly and note the drop-off value at
which the START relay resets. Check the pick-up and drop-off current is within the
range shown in Table 6.12.
Current level
Pick-up 0.95 x Is 1.05 x Is
Drop-off 0.9 x pick-up 1.0 x pick-up
Table 6.12
6.1.6.3 Time characteristic for to>
The relay selected for the to> trip can be found under the RELAY MASKS heading
in [RLY to>]. The terminals for each relay are shown in the application diagram.
Connect the relay contacts for the to> trip to both trip the test set and to stop a timer.
Inject single phase current into the earth fault current input (terminals 27 and 28) at
2 x setting current. If the test set used can inject sufficient current, repeat the test
again at 10 x setting current.
Check that the operating time for the relay is within the range shown in the table
below.
Page 107
Curve Operating time at specified current (seconds) x TMS
description 2 x Is 10 x Is
Nominal Range Nominal Range
STI30XDT 1.780 1.68 1.87 0.52 0.49 0.55
SI30XDT 10.03 9.52 10.53 2.97 2.82 3.12
I30XDT 15.05 14.30 15.81 2.34 2.23 2.46
VI30XDT 13.5 12.82 14.18 1.50 1.43 1.58
EI20XDT 26.67 24.66 28.67 0.81 0.74 0.87
EI10XDT 26.67 24.66 28.67 0.81 0.74 0.87
LTI30XDT 120.0 121 126 13.33 12.66 14
DT [Set time to>] 5% + [0.02 to 0.04 seconds]
Table 6.13
Note: The operating times given above are for TMS = 1. Therefore to obtain the
operating time for any other TMS setting the relays actual TMS setting
must be multiplied by the time given in the table above.
For all curves there is an additional tolerance of between 0.02 and 0.04
seconds.
All the operating times given have no allowance for errors in the measuring
instruments.
6.1.6.4 Current setting for Io>> and Io>>>
WARNING:
THE RELAY MAY BE DAMAGED BY APPLYING EXCESSIVE CURRENT
FOR LONG DURATIONS DURING TESTING, OR IN RECURRENT BURSTS
WITHOUT ALLOWING TIME FOR THE RELAY TO COOL DOWN.
This test is to check that the instantaneous current level of the Io>> and Io>>> is
correct. If the Io>> element is to be used by the customer then the EARTH FAULT
function link 1 must be set to 1. This test can only be performed if the test set
available can inject sufficient current into the relay to cause the element to operate at
the customers current setting. The relay selected for the Io>> trip can be found
under the RELAY MASKS heading in [RLY to>>].
To prevent sustained application of excessive current the trip output contacts for
to>> should be connected to trip the test set. The time delay to>> should be set to
less than 0.1 second for the test and restored to its original value when the test has
been completed.
When the setting is above the continuous current rating of the relay DO NOT
INCREASE THE CURRENT SLOWLY since this may damage the relay before it
can operate. Instead the current level should be set and then suddenly applied.
Two tests are specified in Table 6.14 for the particular current setting required for
the application. Initially the higher current level should be applied to check that the
instantaneous element operates and then the lower current level should be applied to
check that no trip occurs.
Page 108
TRIP Io>> / Io>>> NO TRIP Io>> / Io>>>
1.05 x current setting 0.95 x current setting
Table 6.14
If the Io>>> threshold is to be used by the customer then the EARTH FAULT
function link 2 should be set to 1. Test 6.1.6.4 can then be repeated for Io>>>, but
only if the test set available can inject sufficient current into the relay to cause the
element to operate at the customers current setting. The relay selected for the Io>>>
trip can be found under the RELAY MASKS heading in [RLY to>>>].
The instantaneous trip output contacts must be connected to trip the test set.
To prevent sustained application of excessive current the time delay to>>> should be
set to less than 0.1 second for this test, the original setting being restored when the
test has been completed.
6.1.6.5 Special note for sensitive earth fault relays
The actual minimum operation current for the sensitive earth fault settings will be
affected by the magnetizing current that is taken by the core balance CT. The effect
that the CT has on the relay setting can be assessed if the primary circuit is
de-energized, by reconnecting the CTs to the relay and repeating the setting test
6.1.6.2. The effective setting may be more than doubled in some cases.
6.1.7 Phase fault elements
[KCGG120, KCGG130/230, KCGG140/240, KCEG150/250, KCGU140/240,
KCEU150/250]
the relay from the current transformers in preparation for secondary injection tests.
Also isolate the relay trip contacts.
Connect the auxiliary supply to the relay and record the voltage at terminals 13
(+ve) and 14 (ve).
If any of the phase elements are directionalized refer to Section 6.1.9 for the test
instructions.
6.1.7.2 Current sensitivity for I>
2. Viewing the [SYS Relay Stat] display under the SYSTEM DATA heading of the
menu.
3. Setting the display to [Fnow] which will be found in the fault record column.
Page 109
If [Fnow], the current state of the flags is displayed, indication that a phase has
picked up is given by a letter and an * will indicate which element has tripped.
See Section 3.1.5 for more information on the flag display.
Where there is a star point on the relay, it is advantageous to inhibit the operation of
the earth fault elements (inhibit to>, to>> and to>>>) in order to avoid confusion
with trip signals and indications.
Inject single phase current into one of the phase inputs to the relay and slowly
increase the current, noting the pick-up value at which the START relay operates.
Reduce the current slowly and note the drop-off value at which the START relay
resets. Check the pick-up and drop-off current is within the range shown in
Table 6.15.
Current level
Table 6.15
The test must be repeated on all the phase elements of the relay. Table 6.16 lists the
terminals that current should be injected into for each of the phases.
Phase Terminals
A 21 22
B 23 24
C 25 26
Table 6.16
In addition, with some site wiring, it may be necessary to inject A-N, B-N, C-N.
6.1.7.3 Time characteristic for t>
The relay selected for the t> trip can be found under the RELAY MASKS heading
in [RLY t>]. The terminals for each relay are shown in the application diagram.
Connect the relay contacts for the t> trip to both trip the test set and to stop a timer.
Inject single phase current of 2 x setting current into one of the phase fault current
inputs listed in Table 6.16. If the test set used can inject sufficient current, repeat the
test at 10 x setting current. Check that the operating time for the relay is within the
range shown in the Table 6.17 below.
STI30XDT 1.780 1.68 1.87 0.52 0.49 0.55
SI30XDT 10.03 9.52 10.53 2.97 2.82 3.12
I30XDT 15.05 14.30 15.81 2.34 2.23 2.46
VI30XDT 13.5 12.82 14.18 1.50 1.43 1.58
EI20XDT 26.67 24.66 28.67 0.81 0.74 0.87
EI10XDT 26.67 24.66 28.67 0.81 0.74 0.87
LTI30XDT 120.0 114 126 13.33 12.66 14
DT [Set time to>] 5% +[0.02 to 0.04 seconds]
Table 6.17
Page 110
seconds.
The operating times given make no allowance for errors in the measuring
instruments.
6.1.7.4 Current setting for I>> and I>>>
WARNING
This test is to check that the instantaneous current level of the I>> and I>>> is
correct. If the I>> element is to be used by the customer then the PHASE FAULT
the customers current setting. The relay selected for the I>> trip can be found under
the RELAY MASKS heading in [RLY t>>]. Table 6.16 shows which terminals are
used for each relay element.
to>> should be connected to trip the test set. The time delay t>> should be set to less
than 0.1 second for the test and restored to its original value when the test has been
completed.
Two tests specified in Table 6.20 are for the particular current setting required for
the application. Initially the higher current level should be applied to check that the
instantaneous element operates and then the lower current level should be applied to
check that no trip occurs.
TRIP I>> / I>>> NO TRIP I>> / I>>>
Table 6.20
If the I>>> threshold is to be used by the customer then the PHASE FAULT
function link 2 should be set to 1. Test 6.1.7.4 can then be repeated for I>>>, but
element to operate at the customers current setting. The relay selected for the I>>>
trip can be found under the RELAY MASKS heading in [RLY t>>>].
Table 6.16 shows which terminals to use for current injection into the individual
phase elements.
To prevent sustained application of excessive current the time delay for the I>>
current threshold should be set to operate in zero seconds for this test. The setting
can be restored to the original value when the test has been completed.
Page 111
6.1.8 Directional earth/sensitive earth fault elements
[KCEG110/210, KCGG140/240, KCEG150/250, KCEG160]
[KCEU110, KCEU140/240, KCEU150/250, KCEU160]
To test the directional earth fault element, it is necessary to set some function links
to directionalize the earth fault overcurrent element. Table 6.21 shows which
EARTH FAULT function links must be set to 1 to enable directional control of
each of the earth fault elements.
Earth fault element EARTH FAULT function link
Io> 3
Io>> 4
Io>>> 5
Table 6.21
6.1.8.1 Test connections for directional earth fault relays
If the relay being commissioned has directional earth fault elements then the relay
and the overcurrent test set and phase shifting transformer must be set up as shown
in Figure 40. Taking positive phase angles as the current leading the voltage and
negative phase angles as the current lagging the voltage, adjust the phase shifting
transformer so the phase angle meter reads (180+ set earth fault characteristic
angle). Once the phase angle has been set and the current input of the phase angle
meter has been short circuited with a wire link, the overcurrent tests can be
performed.
The correct polarity of connection for operation with forward current flow is shown
in the two tables at the beginning of Section 3.6. The test arrangement will depend
on the type of relay being tested.
KCEG140/240, KCEU140/240
The residual voltage is internally derived from the summation of the three phase to
neutral voltages and for these relays a three phase voltage should be applied to the
relay. The residual voltage is then produced by collapsing one of the phase voltages
with a potentiometer, as shown in Figure 40; the residual voltage being equal to the
actual amount by which the phase voltage is reduced.
KCEG110/210, KCEG150/250, KCEG160 KCEU110, KCEU150/250, KCEU160
The earth fault elements of other relays in the range require the residual polarizing
voltage to be derived from an external source and so the connections should be as
shown in Figure 41.
Page 112
6.1.8.2 Polarizing voltage sensitivity Vop>
To test the sensitivity of the polarising voltage the relay must be connected as shown
in Figures 40 or 41 according to relay type.
Directional relays
V
A A 17
B
Vp 18
C 19
N N 20
440V/110V
Phase
angle
meter
A 27
Current
injection Io
test set
28
Figure 40. Connection diagram for KCEG140/240 and KCEU140/240
Directional relays
V
A A 19
B
Vp
C
N N 20
440V/110V
Phase
angle
meter
A 27
Current
injection Io
test set
28
Figure 41. Connections for KCEG110/210, KCEG150/250, KCEG160, KCEU110,

KCEU150/250, KCEU160
Page 113
When using the connections shown in Figure 40 the full three phase voltage should
be applied and the voltage output from the potential divider adjusted to vary the
residual voltage; the voltage measured across the top half of the potentiometer
should agree with the value of Vo displayed on the relay under MEASUREMENTS
(1). When using the connections shown in Figure 41 the single phase voltage being
applied is the residual quantity and should agree with the value of Vo displayed on
the relay under MEASUREMENTS (1).
Set the current from the secondary injection test set to a value within the rating of
both the relay and the phase angle meter. Then taking positive angles as the current
leading the voltage and negative angles as the current lagging the voltage, adjust the
phase shifting transformer so the phase angle meter reads the set earth fault
characteristic angle. Once the phase angle has been set the current input to the meter
should be short circuited.
While monitoring the forward start contact, selected by the [RLY Io> Fwd] relay
mask, current above twice the Io> setting should be injected into terminal 27 and the
polarizing voltage should be reduced to the minimum. In this condition the forward
start contact should be open. The polarizing voltage should be then slowly increased
until the forward start contact [RLY Io> Fwd] operates; this value should be the set
value for Vop> 10%.
Note: for the KCEG140, where the residual voltage is generated internally, the
Vop> settings cannot be guaranteed below 7V when the low gain range is
selected by the healthy phases.
Directional relays
A B 17
B
Vp 18
C 19
N N 20
440V/110V
Phase
angle
meter
A 27
Current
injection Io
test set
28
Figure 42. Connections for current polarization check of KCEG160 and KCEU160
6.1.8.3 Angular boundary of operation for Vop>

Apply polarizing voltage above the threshold voltage Vop> and operating current
above the setting Io> to the relay under test. From the EARTH FAULT heading
make a note of the relay characteristic angle (RCA).
The forward start contact selected by the [RLY Io> Fwd] relay mask under the
RELAY MASKS heading and the reverse start contact selected by the
Page 114
[RLY Io> Rev] relay mask should be monitored to indicate when the relay is in the
operate region.
Taking positive angles as leading and negative angles as lagging, adjust the phase
shifting transformer so the phase angle meter reads (180+RCA). Check that the
reverse start contacts selected by the [Io> Rev Start] relay mask have closed and the
forward start contacts selected by the [Io> Fwd Start] relay mask are open.
Rotate the phase shifting transformer so the phase lag is decreasing or the phase lead
is increasing on the phase angle meter and continue until the forward start contacts
close and the reverse contacts open. Note the angle on the phase angle meter and
check it is within the limits stated in Table 6.23.
Continue rotating the phase shifting transformer until the forward start contacts open
and the reverse start contacts close. Note the angle on the phase meter and check it is
within the limits stated in Table 6.23.
Relay in operate region:

Phase angle meter indication Tolerance
(RCA 90) lag through to (RCA + 90) lead 5
Table 6.23
6.1.8.4 Current sensitivity for Io>
2. Viewing the [SYS Relay Stat] display under the SYSTEM DATA heading of the
menu.
3. Setting the display to [Fnow] which will be found in the fault record column.
If the display is [Fnow], the current state of the flags, a letter is displayed to indicate
which phase has started and an * will indicate which element has tripped.
See Section 3.1.5 for more information on the flag display.
With the applied polarizing voltage set above twice the threshold level and the phase
shifter adjusted to the characteristic angle of the relay, inject current into the earth
fault current input of the relay (terminals 27 and 28). Slowly increase the current and
note the pick-up value at which the [RLY Io> Fwd] relay operates. Reduce the
current slowly and note the drop-off value at which the START relay resets.
Check the pick-up and drop-off current is within the range shown in Table 6.24.
Current level
Drop-off 0.9 x Pick-up 1.0 x pick-up
Table 6.24
Page 115
6.1.8.5 Time characteristic for to>
The relay selected for the to> trip can be found under the RELAY MASKS heading
in [RLY to>]. The terminals for each relay are shown in the application diagram.
Connect the relay contacts for the to> trip to both trip the test set and to stop a timer.
shifter adjusted to the characteristic angle of the relay, inject a single phase current
into the earth fault current input (terminals 27 and 28) at 2 x setting current. If the
test set used can inject sufficient current, repeat the test at 10 x setting current.
Check the operating time against Table 6.25.

STI30XDT 1.780 1.68 1.87 0.52 0.49 0.55
SI30XDT 10.03 9.52 10.53 2.97 2.82 3.12
I30XDT 15.05 14.30 15.81 2.34 2.23 2.46
VI30XDT 13.5 12.82 14.18 1.50 1.43 1.58
EI20XDT 26.67 24.66 28.67 0.81 0.74 0.87
EI10XDT 26.67 24.66 28.67 0.81 0.74 0.87
LTI30XDT 120.0 114 126 13.33 12.66 14
Table 6.25
seconds.
instruments.
6.1.8.6 Current setting for Io>> and Io>>>
WARNING
FOR LONG DURATIONS DURING TESTING OR IN RECURRENT BURSTS,
This test is to check that the instantaneous current level of the Io>> and Io>>> is
correct. If the Io>> element is to be used by the customer then the EARTH FAULT
the customers current setting. The relay selected for the Io>> trip can be found
under the RELAY MASKS heading in [RLY to>>].
to>> should be connected to trip the test set. The time delay to>> should be set to
Page 116
less than 0.1 second for the test and restored to its original value when the test has
been completed.
shifter adjusted to the characteristic angle of the relay, inject the higher of the two
currents specified in Table 6.26, check that the output relay operates and the correct
flags are displayed. Reset the flags and repeat for the lower value of current and
check that the relay does not operate, the trip LED is not lit and no flags are fault
displayed.
TRIP Io>> / Io>>> NO TRIP Io>> / Io>>>

Table 6.26
If the Io>>> threshold is to be used by the customer then the EARTH FAULT
6.1.8.7 Special note for sensitive earth fault relays
The actual minimum operation current for the sensitive earth fault settings will be
affected by the magnetizing current that is taken by the core balance CT. The effect
that the CT has on the relay setting can be assessed if the primary circuit is
de-energized, by reconnecting the CTs to the relay and repeating the Setting Test
6.1.6.2. The effective setting may be more than doubled in some cases.
6.1.8.8 Polarizing current sensitivity Ip>
When the relay is current polarized this test must be carried out to check the
sensitivity Ip>. Connect the test circuit as shown in Figure 40. Set the currents to a
value within the ratings of both the relay and the phase angle meter and adjust the
phase shifter such that the two currents are in phase. Then leave the phase angle set
and short out the terminals of the phase angle meter.
While monitoring the forward start contact selected by the [RLY Io> Fwd] relay
mask, current above twice the Io> setting should be injected into terminal 27 and the
polarizing current should be reduced to the minimum. In this condition the forward
start contact should be open. The polarizing current should be then slowly increased
until the forward start contact [RLY Io> Fwd] operates; this value should be the set
value for Iop> 10%.
6.1.8.9 Angular boundary for Iop>
Check the test connections to the relay are as shown in Figure 40 . Ensure the
polarities of all of the connections are correct, particularly where variable or step-
down transformers are used, and that the phase shifting transformer is connected
star/star. Apply polarizing current above the threshold Iop> and operating current
above the setting threshold Io> to the earth fault circuit under test.
Note that the relay characteristic angle for current polarized directional operation is
always taken to be 0.
Page 117
The forward start contact selected by the [RLY Io> Fwd] relay mask under the
RELAY MASKS heading and the reverse start contact selected by the [RLY Io>
Rev] relay mask should be monitored to indicate when the relay is in the operate
region.
Adjust the phase shifting transformer until the phase angle measured on the phase
angle meter is 180. Check that the reverse start contacts have closed and the
forward start contacts are open. If the reverse start relay has not operated then check
both current polarities conform with the diagram.
Adjust the phase shifting transformer until the angle measured on the phase angle
meter is 0. Check that the reverse start contacts are open and the forward start
contacts have closed.
Rotate the phase shifting transformer into the lead quadrant on the phase angle meter
and continue until the forward start contacts open and the reverse start contacts
close. Note the angle on the phase angle meter and check it is within the limits stated
in Table 6.27.
Reverse rotation and slowly wind the phase shifting transformer until the forward
start contacts open and the reverse start contacts close. Note the angle on the phase
meter and check it is within the limits stated in Table 6.27 .
Relay in operate region :

90 lag through to 90 lead 5
Table 6.27
6.1.9 Directional phase fault element
To test the directional phase fault element, it is necessary to set some function links
to directionalize the phase fault overcurrent elements. Table 6.28 shows which
PHASE FAULT function links must be set to 1 to enable directional control of
each of the phase fault elements.
Phase fault element PHASE FAULT function link

I> 3
I>> 4
I>>> 5
Table 6.28
Page 118
If the relay being commissioned has directional phase fault elements then the test
equipment should be wired to the relay as shown in Figure 43. Care should be taken
to ensure that the correct polarities are connected to the phase angle meter. With the
phase shifter set to 0 the phase angle meter should read 0.
6.1.9.2 Angular boundary of operation
With the test connections as detailed in Section 6.1.9.1 apply current and rated volts
to the phase under test. The current should be set above the setting threshold to I>.
Make a note of the relay characteristic angle (RCA) which can be found under the
PHASE FAULT (1) heading of the relay menu.
A B C
A A 18 19 17
B B
C C
N 19 17 18
N VPOL
Phase
angle
meter
R
21 23 25
22 24 26
IOP
Figure 43. Connection for directional overcurrent relays relays KCEG 130/230,
KCEG 140/240, KCEU 140/240
The forward start contact selected by the [RLY I> Fwd] relay mask under the
RELAY MASKS heading and the reverse start contact selected by the [RLY I> Rev]
relay mask should be monitored to indicate when the relay is in the operate region.
Taking positive angles as leading and negative angles as lagging, adjust the phase
shifting transformer so the phase angle meter reads (180+RCA). Check that the
reverse start contacts selected by the [I> Rev Start] relay mask have closed and the
forward start contacts selected by the [I> Fwd Start] relay mask are open.
Rotate the phase shifting transformer so the phase lag is decreasing or the phase lead
is increasing on the phase angle meter and continue until the forward start contacts
close and the reverse contacts open. Note the angle on the phase angle meter and
check it is within the limits stated in Table 6.29. Rotate the phase shifting
transformer in the opposite direction to check the other operating boundary.
Relay in operate region :

(RCA 90) lag through to (RCA + 90) lead 5
Table 6.29
Page 119
6.1.9.3 Current sensitivity for I>
This test checks the current sensitivity of the relay. The start contact selected by the
[RLY I>] relay mask (or by [RLY I> Fwd] for directional phase fault relays) under
the RELAY MASKS heading should be monitored to indicate when the input
current exceeds the setting current Is. This can be by either monitoring the relay
contacts or viewing the [SYS Relay Stat] display in the SYSTEM DATA heading.
Where there is a star point on the relay, it is advantageous to inhibit the operation of
the earth fault elements (inhibit to>, to>>, to>>>) in order to avoid confusion with
trip signals and indications.
Inject single phase current into a convenient phase current input on the relay and
slowly increase the current, noting the pick-up value at which the START relay
operates. Reduce the current slowly and note the drop-off value at which the START
relay resets. Check the pick-up and drop-off current is within the range shown in the
Table 6.29.
Current level
Table 6.30
The test must be repeated on all the phase elements of the relay.
Table 6.31 lists the terminals into which current should be injected for each of the
phases.
Phase Terminals
A 21 22
B 23 24
C 25 26
In addition, with some site wiring, it may be necessary to inject A-N, B-N, C-N.
Table 6.31
6.1.9.4 Time characteristic for t>

The relay selected for the t> trip can be found under the RELAY MASKS heading
in [RLY t>]. The terminals for each relay are shown in the application diagram.
Connect the relay contacts for the t> trip to both trip the test set and to stop a timer.
With the rated three phase polarizing voltage applied to the relay, set to twice the
threshold level and the phase shifter adjusted to the characteristic angle of the relay,
inject a 2 x rated current into one phase of the relay (terminals numbers are given in
Table 6.31 for each phase) and measure the operation time. If the test set used can
inject sufficient current, repeat the test at 10 x setting current. Check the operating
time against Table 6.32.
Page 120
seconds.
instruments.

STI30XDT 1.780 1.68 1.87 0.52 0.49 0.55
SI30XDT 10.03 9.52 10.53 2.97 2.82 3.12
I30XDT 15.05 14.30 15.81 2.34 2.23 2.46
VI30XDT 13.5 12.82 14.18 1.50 1.43 1.58
EI20XDT 26.67 24.66 28.67 0.81 0.74 0.87
EI10XDT 26.67 24.66 28.67 0.81 0.74 0.87
LTI30XDT 120.0 114 126 13.33 12.66 14
Table 6.32
6.1.9.5 Current setting for I>> and I>>>
WARNING
This test is to check that the instantaneous current level of the I>> and I>>> is
correct. If the I>> element is to be used by the customer then the PHASE FAULT
the customers current setting. The relay selected for the I>> trip can be found under
the RELAY MASKS heading in [RLY t>>].
shifter adjusted to the characteristic angle of the relay, inject the higher of the two
currents specified in Table 6.33 and check that the output relay operates and the
correct flags are displayed. Reset the flags and repeat for the lower value of current
and check that the relay does not operate, the trip LED is not lit and no flags are
fault displayed.
TRIP I>> / I>>> NO TRIP I>> / I>>>

Table 6.33
If the I>>> threshold is to be used by the customer then the EARTH FAULT
Page 121
6.1.10 Selective logic
For the selective logic checks only the features that are to be used in the application
should be tested. Relay settings must not be changed to enable other logic functions
that are not being used to be tested. For detailed descriptions of the selective logic
please refer to Section 3.4 of this manual.
6.1.10.1 Opto-input checks
This test is to check that all the opto-inputs are functioning correctly. The state of
the opto-isolated input can be viewed from the [SYS Logic Stat] display under the
SYSTEM DATA heading. Relays of the type 110, 120 and 210 only have 3 opto-
inputs (L0, L1 and L2). All other relay types have the full 8 opto-inputs (L0, L1, L2,
L3, L4, L5, L6 and L7).
To enable energization of the opto-inputs, terminal 8 should be linked to terminals
52 and 55. The opto-inputs can then be individually energized by connecting
terminal 7 to the appropriate opto-input listed in Table 6.34.
Opto-input number Terminal

L0 46
L1 48
L2 50
L3 45
L4 47
L5 49
L6 51
L7 53
Table 6.34
The status of each opto-input can be viewed by displaying [SYS Logic Stat], which
will be found towards the end of the SYSTEM DATA column of the menu. When
each opto is energized one of the characters on the bottom line of the display will
change to indicate the new state of the inputs. The number printed on the frontplate
under the display will identify which opto each character represents. A 1 indicates
an energized state and a 0 indicates a de-energized state.
Note: The opto-isolated inputs may be energized from an external 50V battery in
some installations. Check that this is not the case before connecting the field
voltage otherwise damage to the relay may result.
6.1.10.2. Controlled blocking of time delay elements
These tests should only be done if the particular relay application requires blocking
of one or more of the time delay settings associated with the overcurrent elements.
Typically this will occur in autoreclose schemes when blocking of the instantaneous
element is required for certain parts of the autoreclose cycle, or in blocking schemes
used to provide unit protection such as that to protect a busbar.
Page 122
To perform the earth fault element blocking tests, opto-isolated inputs must have
been allocated for each blocking function. Table 6.35 lists which input masks must
have inputs allocated to them to enable blocking of earth fault elements. It is not
necessary for opto-inputs to be assigned in masks to elements which do not require
blocking.
Earth fault element Input mask

to> [INP Blk to>]
to>> [INP Blk to>>]
to>>> [INP Blk to>>>]
Table 6.35
To perform the phase fault element blocking tests, opto-isolated inputs must have
been allocated for each blocking function. Table 6.36 lists which input masks must
have inputs allocated to them to enable blocking of phase fault elements. It is not
necessary for opto-inputs to be assigned in masks to elements which do not require
blocking.
Phase fault element Input mask

t> [INP Blk t>]
t>> [INP Blk t>>]
t>>> [INP Blk t>>>]
Table 6.36
Repeat Tests 6.1.8.5 and 6.1.8.6 for earth faults and Tests 6.1.9.4 and 6.1.9.5 for
phase faults, with appropriate opto-inputs energized and check that the element is
correctly blocked and does not operate.
The test should be repeated on each element that has been allocated a blocking input.
6.1.10.3 Undervoltage logic
Only directional relays have the undervoltage trip facility. To enable this facility
PHASE FAULT Function Link 6 must be set to 1.
To test the undervoltage logic, a single phase voltage must be applied to the relay.
When the voltage falls below the threshold setting V< the timer tV< will be
energized and when it times out, the selected output relay in relay mask [RLY tV<]
will pick up. When the applied voltage exceeds the threshold setting V<, the output
relay will instantaneously reset. The setting value for V< and tV< can be found in
the PHASE FAULT heading of the menu.
The length of the delay measured should be within tV< 0.5% + (0.02 to 0.05)
seconds and the voltage at which the relay operates should be within 10% of the
V< setting.
Note: If a three phase voltage is applied to the relay, then all three phase to neutral
voltages will need to be reduced below the set voltage threshold V< before
the output relay can operate and any one phase voltage exceeding the
threshold will cause reset.
Page 123
6.1.10.4 Auxiliary timers
The auxiliary timers present in the relay should only be tested if they are to be used
in the intended application and if the timer settings are not so high that testing is
impractical.
6.1.10.4.1 Timer AUX1
To test the tAUX1 time delay an external switch must be connected to start an
external timer interval meter and energize the opto input that activates tAUX1. The
time interval meter must be stopped by the contacts of the relay allocated in relay
mask [RLY tAUX1] when it operates.
If the LOGIC function link LOG2 is set to 1 then current must be injected into the
relay above the undercurrent threshold I< during the test, otherwise the timer will be
blocked from operating. If LOGIC function link LOG2 is set to 0 the current does
not need to be injected into the relay during the test.
The measured time delay should be within the set time tAUX1 0.5% + (0.02 to
0.05) seconds.
6.1.10.4.2Timer AUX2
If the PHASE FAULT function link PF7 is set to 1 or the input mask [INP Aux2]
has been allocated an input, then auxiliary timer 2 should be tested. There are two
ways of testing the timer depending on the relays settings.
* If the input mask [INP Aux2] has been allocated then an external time interval
meter must be connected so that it starts when the opto-isolated input is
energized and stops when the relay allocated by the relay mask [RLY tAUX2]
operates.
* If the PHASE FAULT function link PH7 is set to 1 then the timer will be
energized via the undercurrent element when an undercurrent condition exists.
The time interval meter must therefore be started when the current is removed
and it must be stopped when the relay selected by the mask [RLY Aux2]
operates.
0.05) seconds.
6.1.10.4.3 Timer Aux3
If the LOGIC function link LOG3 is set to 1 or the input mask [INP Aux3] has
been allocated an input, then auxiliary timer 3 should be tested. There are two ways
of testing the timer depending on the relays settings.
* If the input mask [INP Aux3] has been allocated then an external time interval
meter must be connected so that it starts when the opto-isolated input is
energized and stops when the relay allocated by the relay mask [RLY tAUX3]
operates.
* If the LOGIC function link LOG3 is set to 1 then the timer tAUX3 will be
energized via the undercurrent element when the undercurrent threshold is
exceeded (ie. an overcurrent condition). The time interval meter must therefore
be started when the current is applied and it must be stopped when the relay
selected by the mask [RLY Aux2] operates.
0.05) seconds.
Page 124
6.1.10.5 Breaker fail
When LOGIC function link LOG1 is set to 1 the breaker fail function should be
tested. Operation of relay 3, initiated via any relay mask, will initiate the breaker fail
timer tBF.
The relay should be connected to an overcurrent test set as described in Section
6.1.7.1 for overcurrent relays, or Section 6.1.8.1 for directional overcurrent relays.
A time interval meter should be connected so that it starts when current is injected
into the relay and arranged to stop by one of two functions:
* If the function link LOG2 is set to 0 the time interval meter should be
arranged to stop when a relay allocated by the mask [RLY I>]; [RLY Io>]; [RLY
I> Fwd]; or [RLY Io> Fwd] is reset (dropped off) by the breaker fail timer.
* If function link LOG2 is set to 1 then the time interval meter should be
arranged to stop when the relay allocated via relay mask [RLY Aux1] operates.
The measured time delay should be within the set value of tBF 0.5% + (0.02 to
0.05) seconds.
6.1.10.6 Change of setting group
Test the change of setting group if SYSTEM DATA function link SD4 is set to 1
as this will enable control of the setting group. If link SD4 is set to 0 then there is
no need for the tests in this section to be carried out.
If SYSTEM DATA function link SD3 is set to 0 and link LOG5 is set to 0 the
setting group can be changed by energizing the opto-input allocated by input mask
[INP Stg Grp2]. However, if link LOG5 is set to 1 and no relay is allocated in
input mask [INP Stg Grp2] the setting group will have to be tested as described
under cold load pick-up in Section 6.1.10.7.
If link SD3 is set to 1 then the setting group can only be changed by a command
over the communication channel, either from the master station or a local PC via
suitable software.
To test the change of setting group initiate the change as described above. The active
setting group can be observed in the SYSTEM DATA column of the menu under
[SYS Setting Grp] where the current selected group is displayed. The active setting
group is stored with the flags for each fault record.
If necessary some of the earlier setting tests can be repeated on setting group 2 to
verify the settings in that group.
6.1.10.7 Cold load start/pick-up
The cold load start feature can operate in either of two ways.
The first method of operation is by inhibiting the instantaneous low set element for
an additional time delay, equivalent to the setting of the cold load pick-up timer
tCLP, when the circuit is first energized. The relay will operate in this way if
LOGIC function link LOG4 is set to 1. The I>> element must be enabled by
setting PHASE FAULT function link PF1 to 1 and if link LOG6 is set to 0 an
opto-input must be allocated in the input mask [INP CB Open CLP]. If link LOG6 is
set to 1 then an opto-input must be allocated in mask [INP Aux2] or else link PF7
set to 1.
To test the cold load start in this configuration the relay must be connected to an
overcurrent test set as described in Sections 6.1.6.1; 6.1.7.1; 6.1.8.1 and 6.1.9.1 for
the appropriate type of relay. The current should be set to a value above the current
Page 125
threshold setting I>> (or Io>>) and then switched to the relay. The time interval
meter should be connected so that it starts when current is applied to the relay and
stops when the output relay selected in the [RLY I>>] [RLY Io>>] mask operates.
The measured time should be increased by an amount equal to setting for tCLP
when the cold load pick-up function is activated.
To activate the cold load pick-up timer energize the opto-input allocated in [INP CB
Open CLP] or [INP Aux2] as appropriate. If link PF7 and LOG6 are both set to 1
then tCLP will be initiated automatically when the current is switched off.
Note: When timer tAUX2 is in circuit there will be a delay before the cold load
pick-up function is activated.
The second method of operation is by selecting setting group 2 for a period of time
after the circuit is energized. To operate in this way the function links must be set as
follows:
LOGIC function link LOG5 = 1
SYSTEM DATA function link SD3 = 0
SYSTEM DATA function link SD4 = 1
LOGIC function link LOG4 = 0
Input masks [INP CB Open CLP] or [INP Aux2] must be allocated an input.
The cold load start can be initiated by either energizing the input set by the [INP
Aux2] mask or by energizing the input set by the [INP CB Open CLP] mask. When
cold load pick-up is initiated by energizing the input set by [INP Aux2] mask an
additional time delay (tAux2) is introduced before setting group 1 is returned to.
To test the cold load start the relay should be injected with current above its setting
during the cold load start period. The trip flags can then be examined to ensure that
it was setting group 2 which initiated the trip during the cold load start period.
6.1.10.8 Circuit breaker control
Provided the relay is wired to control a circuit breaker a manual test can be
performed via the user interface of the relay as a check that the connection is
functioning correctly.
6.1.10.8.1 CB trip test
The relay mask [CB Trip] must be assigned to the output relays that are to trip the
circuit breaker. This will not enable the remote control of the circuit breaker
provided system data links 1 and 2 are set to 0. The circuit breaker trip time delay
(tTRIP) under the LOGIC heading, should be set to a value appropriate to the
application.
Select the SYSTEM DATA heading from the menu.
Step down the column with short [F] key presses until the display reads:
SYS CB Control
No Operation
Press the [+] key and the cursor will flash on the bottom line of the display.
Press the [+] key once again and the bottom line of the display will change to TRIP.
Press the [F] key and the prompt will be displayed:
Are You Sure?
+ = YES = NO
Page 126
Press either the [0] key to abort.
[] key to change option.
[+] key to execute command.
After executing the open command the output relay assigned to trip the circuit
breaker by the [CB Open] relay mask, will operate for the trip time (tTRIP). During
the trip test the status of this relay should be monitored to ensure it operates
correctly.
6.1.10.8.2 CB close test
The relay mask [CB Close] must be assigned to the output relays that are to trip the
circuit breaker. This will not enable the remote control of the circuit breaker
provided the System Data Link 2 is set to 0. The circuit breaker close time delay
(tCLOSE), under the LOGIC heading, should be set to a value appropriate to the
particular application.
Select the SYSTEM DATA heading from the menu.
Step down the column with short [F] key presses until the display reads:
SYS CB Control
No Operation
Press the [+] key and the cursor will flash on the bottom line of the display.
Press the [+] key once again and the bottom line of the display will change to TRIP
and press again to display CLOSE.
Press the [F] key and the prompt will be displayed:
Are You Sure?
+ = YES = NO
Press either the [0] key to abort.
[] key to change option.
[+] key to execute command.
After executing the close command the output relay assigned to close the circuit
breaker by the [CB Close] relay mask, will operate for the close time delay
(tCLOSE). During the close test the status of this relay should be monitored to
ensure it operates correctly.
6.1.11 On-load tests
There are some tests that may be carried out with the circuit on-load provided there
are no operational restrictions in force that prohibit this.
6.1.11.1 On-load measurement checks
Measure the secondary CT currents and if applicable, the secondary VT voltages.
Compare the values of the secondary quantities with the relay's measured values,
which can be found in MEASUREMENTS (1). If the CT and VT ratios are set to 1:1
then the values will be within 5% of the secondary quantities, if the CT and VT
ratios are not set to 1:1, then the measurement values will be equal to the secondary
values multiplied by the appropriate transformer ratios.
6.1.11.2 On load directional check
Check the relay is wired correctly to the system diagram.
Measure that the secondary VT voltage is correct, and check with a phase rotation
meter that the system phase rotation is correct.
Page 127
Check that the CT polarities are correct and that the current flowing in the neutral
circuit of the current transformers is negligible.
6.1.11.2.1 Phase fault directional elements KCEG 130/140 and KCEU 130/140
Check the magnitude and direction of flow of the load current.
Check the relay characteristic angle for the phase fault elements is correct.
Note the current setting of the overcurrent setting I> (this will be found under the
PHASE FAULT(1) column heading of the menu). Then temporarily reduce this
setting to a value less than the level of load current that is flowing at the time. The
direction of the relay can then be determined from operation of either the forward or
reverse start relays.
Should the operation of the relay be the reverse of what is expected, recheck the
direction of current flow against the settings of the relay before making any changes
to the external connections.
Restore all settings to their application values.
Note: These tests alone are not conclusive that the phase connections to the relay
are correct. A phase angle measurement is required for conclusive testing.
6.1.11.2.2 Earth fault directional relay KCEG/KCEU 140/240
Earth fault directional relays are not energized under normal load conditions and it is
therefore necessary to simulate operating conditions.
For relays that also have directional phase elements the earth fault polarizing voltage
is derived from the VT phase inputs.
To carry out an on-load test, we recommend the temporary connections shown in
Figure 44 which simulate a phase A to neutral fault.
If load current is flowing in the operating direction then, providing that the correct
phase relationships of the CTs and VTs have been proven and the artificially
generated earth fault current is above setting, the forward start contacts will be
closed.
Should the load current happen to be in the reverse direction then the current
connections should be temporarily reversed, to check the operation of the relay, and
then restored.
6.1.11.2.3 Earth fault directional relay KCEG/KCEU 110/150/160/210/250
Earth fault directional relays are not energized under normal load conditions and it is
therefore necessary to simulate operating conditions.
For relays with only earth fault elements the relay should be connected to an open
delta winding of a voltage transformer and the residual circuit of the current
transformers.
There are many ways of making the special connections on the CT and VT circuits
to carry out an on-load test, but we recommend the temporary connections shown in
Figure 45 which simulate a phase A to neutral fault.
If load current is flowing in the operating direction then provided that the correct
phase relationships of the CTs and VTs have been proven and the artificially
Page 128
generated earth fault current is above setting, then the forward start contacts will be
closed.
Should the load current happen to be in the reverse direction then the current
connections should be temporarily reversed, to check the operation of the relay, and
then restored.
Direction of forward current flow

P2 P1 A
A
S2 S1
B
C B
C Phase rotation
A B C Temporary
short circuit
connections Directional relays
21
22
Temporary 23
a b c open circuit 24
connections 25
26
27
28
17
18
19
20
Figure 44. Connections for on-load directional earth fault test KCEG 140/240,
KCEU 140/240
P2 P1 A
A
S2 S1
B
C B
C Phase rotation
A B C Temporary
short circuit
connections Directional relays
dn
Temporary
da open circuit
connections
27
Io
28
19
Vo
20
Figure 45. Connections for on-load directional earth fault tests KCEG 110/210,
KCEG 150/250, KCEG 160, KCEU 150/250
Page 129
6.1.12 KCEU141/241 Wattmetric element
6.1.12.1 Test connections and settings
Connect the auxiliary supply to the relay and record the voltage at terminals 13(+ve)
and 14(ve).
The relay to be commissioned should be set up as shown in Figure 46.
Terminals 17 and 19 should both be connected to earth.
To test the wattmetric element it is necessary to set some function links to
directionalise the earth fault elements. Table 6.37 shows which EARTH FAULT
function links must be set to 1 to enable directional control of each of the earth
fault elements.
Earth fault element Earth fault function link

Io>> 1
Io>>> 2
Dirn to> 3
Dirn to>> 4
Dirn to>>> 5
Table 6.37
To test the Wattmetric element the following settings should be applied to the relay;
EF1 Po> 30W (5Amp relay), 6W (1 Amp relay)
EF1 Char angle 0
to> 0s
tREST 0s
6.1.12.2 Power setting for Po>
Apply 60V to terminals 18 and 20, with the neutral being connected to 20. Inject a
current of 450mA (5A relay) or 90mA (1A relay) and gradually increase until the
relay operates.
Operation should occur in the region of 500mA (5A relay) or 100mA (1A relay).
The value of operate current should be noted.
The relay fault flags will show operation of the earth element N* in group 1.
The above test, to prove operation of the wattmetric element, relies on the injected
current being in phase with the applied voltage.
Alternatively the required operating current can be calculated from the following
formula
Po = Vo x Io x Cos( c)
Where Po = zero sequence power threshold
Vo = residual voltage (3 x zero sequence volts)
Io = residual current
= Phase angle between applied volts and current
c = Relay characteristic angle
Page 130
Reverse the polarity of the 60V voltage supply and check that the relay restrains.
Directional relays
17
A B
18
B Vp
C 19
N N
20
440V/60V
Phase
angle
meter
27
Current
injection Io
test set
28
Figure 46. Connection diagram for KCEU141/241
6.2. Problem solving

6.2.1 Password lost or not accepted
Relays are supplied with the password set to AAAA.
Only uppercase letters are accepted.
Password can be changed by the user, see Section 3.3.
There is an additional unique recovery password associated with the relay which can
be supplied by the factory, or service agent, if given details of its serial number.
The serial number will be found in the system data column of the menu and should
correspond to the number on the label at the top right hand corner of the frontplate
of the relay. If they differ, quote the one in the system data column.
6.2.2 Protection settings
6.2.2.1 Settings for highsets not displayed
Set function link PF1 to 1 to turn on settings I>>/t>>.
Set function link PF1 to 1 to turn on settings I>>>/t>>>.
Set function link EF1 to 1 to turn on settings Io>>/to>>.
Set function link EF1 to 1 to turn on settings Io>>>/to>>>.
6.2.2.2 Second setting group not displayed
Set function link SD4 to 1 to turn on the group 2 settings.
6.2.2.3 Function links cannot be changed
Enter the password as these menu cells are protected.
Links are not selectable if associated text is not displayed.
Page 131
6.2.2.4 Curve selection cannot be changed
Enter the password as these menu cells are protected.
Curves may not have been made selectable in the particular relay.
6.2.3 Alarms
If the watchdog relay operates, first check that the relay is energized from the
auxiliary supply. If it is, then try to determine the cause of the problem by
examining the alarm flags towards the bottom of the SYSTEM DATA column of the
menu. This will not be possible if the display is not responding to key presses.
Having attempted to determine the cause of the alarm it may be possible to return
the relay to an operable state by resetting it. To do this, remove the auxiliary power
supply for approximately 10 seconds and if it is powered from the CT circuit as
well, remove this source of supply, possibly by withdrawing the module from its
case. Then re-establish the supplies and the relay should in most cases return to an
operating state.
Recheck the alarm status if the alarm LED is still indicating an alarm state.
The following notes will give further guidance.
6.2.3.1 Watchdog alarm
Auxiliary powered relays: the watchdog relay will pick up when the relay is
operational to indicate a healthy state, with its make contact closed. When an
alarm condition that requires some action to be taken is detected, the watchdog relay
resets and its break contact will close to give an alarm.
Dual powered relays: the watchdog relay operates in a slightly modified way on this
version of the relay, because it does not initiate an alarm for loss of the auxiliary
power, as this may be taken from an insecure source, or it may be powered solely
from the current circuit. In either case it will not be required to indicate an alarm for
loss of the auxiliary power source, as this may be a normal operational condition.
Operation of the watchdog is therefore inverted so that it will pick-up for a failed
condition, closing its make contact to give an alarm and in the normal condition it
will remain dropped-off with its break contact closed to indicate that it is in a
healthy state.
Note: The green LED will usually follow the operation of the wathchdog relay in
either of the above two cases.
There is no shorting contact across the case terminals connected to the break
contact of the watchdog relay. Therefore, the indication for a failed/healthy relay
will be cancelled when the relay is removed from its case.
If the relay is still functioning, the actual problem causing the alarm can be found
from the alarm records in the SYSTEM DATA column of the menu
(see Section 3.7.1).
6.2.3.2 Unconfigured or uncalibrated alarm
For a CONFIGURATION alarm the protection is stopped and no longer performing
its intended function. For an UNCALIBRATED alarm the protection will still be
operational but there will be an error in its calibration that will require attention.
It may be left running provided the error does not cause any grading problems.
To return the relay to a serviceable state the initial factory configuration will have to
be reloaded and the the relay recalibrated. It is recommended that the work be
carried out at the factory, or entrusted to a recognized service centre.
Page 132
6.2.3.3 Setting error alarm
A SETTING alarm indicates that the area of non-volatile memory where the selected
protection settings are stored, has been corrupted. The current settings should be
checked against those applied at the commissioning stage or any later changes that
have been made.
If a personal computer (PC) is used during commissioning then it is recommended
that the final settings applied to the relay are copied to a floppy disc with the serial
number of the relay used as the file name. The setting can then be readily loaded
back into the relay if necessary, or to a replacement relay.
6.2.3.4 No service alarm
This alarm flag can only be observed when the relay is in the calibration or
configuration mode when the protection program will be stopped.
6.2.3.5 Fault flags will not reset
These flags can only be reset when the flags Fn are being displayed or by resetting
the fault records, see Section 3.3.10.
6.2.4 Records
6.2.4.1 Problems with event records
Fault records will only be generated if RLY3 is operated as this relay is the trigger to
store the records.
Fault records can be generated in response to another protection operating if RLY3
is operated by one of its trip contacts via an auxiliary input. This will result in the
fault values, as measured by the K-Relay, being stored at the instant RLY3 resets.
The flag display will include a flag to identify the auxiliary input that initiated the
record.
Fault currents recorded are lower than actual values, as the fault is interrupted before
measurement is completed.
Few fault records can be stored when changes in state of logic inputs and relay
outputs are stored in the event records. These inputs and outputs can generate many
events for each fault occurrence and limit the total number of faults that can be
stored. Setting System Data Link 7 to 0 will turn off this feature and allow the
maximum number of fault records to be stored.
The event records are erased if the auxiliary supply to the relay is lost for a period
exceeding the hold-up time of the internal power supply.
Events can only be read via the serial communication port and not on the LCD.
Any spare opto-inputs may be used to log changes of state of external contacts in the
event record buffer of the K-Relay. The opto-input does not have to be assigned to a
particular function in order to achieve this.
The oldest event is overwritten by the next event to be stored when the buffer
becomes full.
When a master station has successfully read a record it usually clears it
automatically and when all records have been read the event bit in the status byte is
set to 0 to indicate that there are no longer any records to be retrieved.
Page 133
6.2.4.2 Problems with disturbance records
Only one record can be held in the buffer and the recorder must be reset before
another record can be stored. Automatic reset can be achieved by setting function
link SD6 to 1. It will then reset the recorder 3 seconds after a current, greater than
the undercurrent setting has been restored to the protected circuit.
The disturbance records are erased if the auxiliary supply to the relay is lost for a
period exceeding the hold-up time of the internal power supply.
Disturbance records can only be read via the serial communication port. It is not
possible to display them on the LCD.
No trigger selected to initiate the storing of a disturbance record.
Disturbance recorder automatically reset on restoration of current above the
undercurrent setting for greater than 3 seconds. Change function link SD6 to 0 to
select manual reset.
Post trigger set to maximum value and so missing the fault.
When a master station has successfully read a record it will clear it automatically
and the disturbance record bit in the status byte will then be set to 0 to indicate
that there is no longer a record to be retrieved.
6.2.5 Circuit breaker maintenance records
When a replacement relay is fitted it may be desirable to increment the CB
maintenance counters to the values of that on the old relay. The current squared
counters can be incremented by applying a number of secondary injection current
pulses to the current inputs of the relay, but note that the counter will increment
rapidly for large current values. The counter for the number of circuit breaker
operations can be incremented manually by operating the relay the required number
of times.
The circuit breaker trip time for the last fault cannot be cleared to zero. This is to
enable the master station to interrogate the relay for this value as a supervisory
function.
The circuit breaker maintenance counters are not incremented when another
protection trips the circuit breaker. Add a trip input from the protection to an
auxiliary input of the relay and arrange for relay RLY3 or RLY7 to operate
instantaneously in response to the input.
6.2.6 Communications
Address cannot be automatically allocated if the remote change of setting has been
inhibited by function link SD0. This must be first set to 1, alternatively the address
must be entered manually via the user interface on the relay.
Address cannot be allocated automatically unless the address is first manually set to
0. This can also be achieved by a global command including the serial number of the
relay.
Relay address set to 255, the global address for which no replies are permitted.
6.2.6.1 Measured values do not change
Values in the MEASUREMENTS (1) and MEASUREMENTS (2) columns are
snap-shots of the values at the time they were requested. To obtain a value that
varies with the measured quantity it should be added to the poll list as described in
R8514, the User Manual for the Protection Access Software & Toolkit.
Page 134
6.2.6.2 Relay no longer responding
Check if other relays that are further along the bus are responding and if so, power
down the relay for 10 seconds and then re-energize to reset the communication
processor. This should not be necessary as the reset operation occurs automatically
when the relay detects a loss of communication.
If relays further along the bus are not communicating, check to find out which are
responding towards the master station. If some are responding then the position of
the break in the bus can be determined by deduction. If none is responding then
check for data on the bus or reset the communication port driving the bus with
requests.
Check there are not two relays with the same address on the bus.
6.2.6.3 No response to remote control commands
Check that the relay is not inhibited from responding to remote commands by
observing the system data function link settings. If so reset as necessary; a password
will be required.
System data function links cannot be set over the communication link if the remote
change of settings has been inhibited by setting system data function link SD0 to 0.
Reset SD0 to 1 manually via the user interface on the relay first.
Relay is not identified in the Circuit Breaker Control Menu of the Courier Master
Station if two auxiliary circuit breaker contacts have not been connected to opto-
inputs of the relay, to indicate its position via the Plant Status Word. Check input
mask settings and the connections to the auxiliary contacts of the circuit breaker.
6.2.7 Output relays remain picked-up
6.2.7.1 Relays associated with auxiliary timers
Relays with software issue A to F ie. relays with model numbers suffixed by A or B
will have logic arranged as shown in Publication R8501. Some problems have
occasionally been experienced with these relays when using the timer tAUX2 in
earth fault only relays Type KCGG110/210, KCGG120, KCGG160, KCGU110,
KCEG110/210, KCEG160, KCEU110 and KCEU160. It is unlikely that this timer
will be in use because of the limited I/O, but if it is to be used and you are
experiencing a problem please contact our sales department at AREVA T&D.
If an output relay is allocated in the output mask [RLY Aux2] on any of the listed
relays and it is in a continually operated state after the timer tAUX2 has timed out, it
can be reset by fitting an alternative EPROM supplied from the factory. This will
remove the hidden link that is latching the operation, but will not in itself make the
full modification available to the user.
To make the modification fully operational the relay will require re-configuring to
turn on the additional function links EF7 and LOG8 before they can function. To do
this, special equipment will be required and the relay should be returned to the
factory.
6.2.7.2 Relays remain picked-up when de-selected by link or mask
If an output relay is operated at the time it is de-selected, either by a software link
change or by de-selecting it in an output mask, it may remain operated until the relay
is powered down and up again. It is therefore advisable to momentarily remove the
energizing supply after such changes.
Page 135
6.3. Maintenance
6.3.1 Remote testing
K Range Midos relays are self-supervising and so require less maintenance than
earlier designs of relay. Most problems will result in an alarm so that remedial action
can be taken. However, some periodic tests could be done to ensure that the relay is
functioning correctly. If the relay can be communicated with from a remote point,
via its serial port, then some testing can be carried out without actually visiting the
site.
6.3.1.1 Alarms
The alarm status LED should first be checked to identify if any alarm conditions
exist. The alarm records can then be read to identify the nature of any alarm that
may exist.
6.3.1.2 Measurement accuracy
The values measured by the relay can be compared with known system values to
check that they are in the approximate range that is expected. If they are, then the
analogue/digital conversion and calculations are being performed correctly.
6.3.1.3 Trip test
If the relay is configured to provide remote control of the circuit breaker then a trip
test can be performed remotely in several ways:
1. Measure the load current in each phase and reduce the phase fault setting of the
relay to a known value that is less than the load current. The relay should trip in
the appropriate time for the given multiple of setting current.
The settings can then be returned to their usual value and the circuit breaker
reclosed.
Note: If the second group of settings is not being used for any other purpose it
could be used for this test by having a lower setting selected and issuing
a command to change the setting group that is in use to initiate the
tripping sequence.
2. If the relay is connected for remote control of the circuit breaker then a trip/close
cycle can be performed. This method will not check as much of the functional
circuit of the relay as the previous method but it will not need the settings of the
relay to be changed.
If a failure to trip occurs the relay status word can be viewed, whilst the test is
repeated, to check that the output relay is being commanded to operate. If it is not
responding then an output relay allocated to a less essential function may be
reallocated to the trip function to effect a temporary repair, but a visit to site may be
needed to effect a wiring change. See Section 3.3.8 for how to set relay masks.
6.3.1.4 CB maintenance
Maintenance records for the circuit breaker can be obtained at this time by reading
the appropriate data in the MEASUREMENT(2) and the FAULT RECORDS
columns.
6.3.2 Local testing
When testing locally, similar tests may be carried out to check for correct
functioning of the relay.
Page 136
6.3.2.1 Alarms
The alarm status LED should first be checked to identify if any alarm conditions
exist. The alarm records can then be read to identify the nature of any alarm that
may exist.
6.3.2.2 Measurement accuracy
The values measured by the relay can be checked against own values injected into
the relay via the test block, if fitted, or injected directly into the relay terminals.
Suitable test methods will be found in Section 6.1 of this manual which deals with
commissioning. These tests will prove the calibration accuracy is being maintained.
6.3.2.3 Trip test
If the relay is configured to provide a trip test via its user interface then this should
be performed to test the output trip relays. If the relay is configured for remote
control of the circuit breaker the trip test will initiate the remote CB trip relay and
not the main trip relay that the protection uses. In which case the main trip relay
should be tested by injecting a current above the protection setting so that operation
occurs.
If an output relay is found to have failed, an alternative relay can be reallocated until
such time as a replacement can be fitted. See Section 3.3.8 for how to set relay
masks.
6.3.2.4 CB maintenance
Maintenance records for the circuit breaker can be obtained at this time by reading
the appropriate data in the MEASUREMENT(2) and the FAULT RECORDS
columns.
6.3.2.5 Additional tests
Additional tests can be selected from the Commissioning Instructions as required.
6.3.3 Method of repair
Please read the handling instructions in Section 1 before proceeding with this work.
This will ensure that no further damage is caused by incorrect handling of the
electronic components.
6.3.3.1 Replacing a pcb
a) Replacement of user interface
Withdraw the module from its case.
Remove the four screws that are placed one at each corner of the frontplate.
Remove the frontplate.
Lever the top edge of the user interface board forwards to unclip it from its
mounting.
Then pull the pcb upwards to unplug it from the connector at its lower edge.
Replace with a new interface board and assemble in the reverse order.
b) Replacement of main processor board
This is the pcb at the extreme left of the module, when viewed from the front.
To replace this board:
First remove the screws holding the side screen in place. There are two screws
through the top plate of the module and two more through the base plate.
Page 137
Remove screen to expose the pcb.
Remove the two retaining screws, one at the top edge and the other directly
below it on the lower edge of the pcb.
Separate the pcb from the sockets at the front edge of the board. Note that they
are a tight fit and will require levering apart, taking care to ease the connectors
apart gradually so as not to crack the front pcb card. The connectors are designed
for ease of assembly in manufacture and not for continual disassembly of the
unit.
Reassemble in the reverse of this sequence, making sure that the screen plate is
replaced with all four screws securing it.
c) Replacement of auxiliary expansion board
This is the second board in from the left hand side of the module.
Remove the processor board as described above in b).
Remove the two securing screws that hold the auxiliary expansion board in
place.
Unplug the pcb from the front bus as described for the processor board and
withdraw.
Replace in the reverse of this sequence, making sure that the screen plate is
replaced with all four screws securing it.
6.3.3.2 Replacing output relays and opto-isolators
PCBs are removed as described in Section 6.3.3.1 b and c. They are replaced in the
reverse order. Calibration is not usually required when a pcb is replaced unless
either of the two boards that plug directly on to the left hand terminal block are
replaced, as these directly affect the calibration.
Note that this pcb is a through hole plated board and care must be taken not to
damage it when removing a relay for replacement, otherwise solder may not flow
through the hole and make a good connection to the tracks on the component side of
the pcb.
6.3.3.3 Replacing the power supply board
Remove the two screws securing the right hand terminal block to the top plate of the
module.
Remove the two screws securing the right hand terminal block to the bottom plate of
the module.
Unplug the back plane from the power supply pcb.
Remove the securing screw at the top and bottom of the power supply board.
Withdraw the power supply board from the rear, unplugging it from the front bus.
Reassemble in the reverse of this sequence.
6.3.3.4 Replacing the back plane (size 4 and 6 case)
Remove the two screws securing the right hand terminal block to the top plate of the
module.
Remove the two screws securing the right hand terminal block to the bottom plate of
the module.
Page 138
Unplug the back plane from the power supply pcb.
Twist outwards and around to the side of the module.
Replace the pcb and terminal block assembly.
Reassemble in the reverse of this sequence.
6.3.4 Recalibration
Whilst recalibration is not usually necessary it is possible to carry it out on site, but
it requires test equipment with suitable accuracy and a special calibration program to
run on a PC. This work is not within the capabilities of most people and it is
recommended that the work is carried out by an authorized agency.
After calibration the relay will need to have all the settings required for the
application re-entered and so it is useful if a copy of the settings is available on a
floppy disk. Although this is not essential it can reduce the down time of the system.
6.3.5 Digital test equipment
If commissioning testing is carried out using a digital secondary injection test set
there may be an apparent erratic operation at the boundaries of the directional
characteristic. This will be particularly noticeable when observing the operation of
the start relay contacts, which is the method described in the commissioning
instructions in Section 6.1. This is caused by the transitional errors when changing
direction or applying signals instantaneously.
The problem is easily overcome by using the t>, t>>, t>>>, to>,to>>, or to>>>
outputs for indication of relay operation instead of I>, or Io>. These time delays
should then be set to a minimum of 20ms. See also the notes in Section 4.3.5 of this
manual.
The slight directional indecision of the start relays should not cause any problem as
it will be covered by the short time delays that are applied in the blocking schemes.
Page 139
Appendix 1. CHARACTERISTIC CURVES FOR KCGG, KCGU, KCEG
and KCEU RELAYS
t
(s)
10.00
1.00
1.20
1.00
0.90
0.80
0.70
0.60
0.50
0.40
0.10 0.30
0.20
0.10
0.05
0.01
1.00 10.00 xIs
Figure 47. Characteristic curve ST30XDT short time inverse definite time above 30xIs
Page 140
t
(s)
10.00
1.20
1.00
0.90
0.820
0.70
0.60
1.00 0.50
0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.10 0.05
0.01
1.00 10.00 xIs
Figure 48. Characteristic curve SI30XDT standard inverse (moderately inverse)

definite time above 30xIs
Page 141
t
(s)
10.00
1.20
1.00 1.00
0.90
0.80
0.70
0.60
0.50
0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10 0.10
0.05
0.01
1.00 10.00 xIs
Figure 49. Characteristic curve IN30XDT inverse definite time above 30xIs
Page 142
t
(s)
10.00
1.00
1.20
1.00
0.90
0.80
0.70
0.60
0.50
0.40
0.30
0.10 0.20
0.10
0.05
0.01
1.00 10.00 xIs
Figure 50. Characteristic curve VI30XDT very inverse definite time above 30xIs
Page 143
t
(s)
10.00
1.00
1.20
1.00
0.90
0.80
0.70
0.60
0.10 0.50
0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.01 0.05
1.00 10.00 xIs
Figure 51. Characteristic curve EI20XDT extremely inverse definite time above 20xIs
Page 144
t
(s)
10.00
1.00 1.20
1.00
0.90
0.80
0.70
0.60
0.50
0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.10
0.05
0.01
1.00 10.00 xIs
Figure 52. Characteristic curve EI10XDT extremely inverse definite time above 10xIs
Page 145
t
(s)
10.00
1.20
1.00
0.90
0.80
0.70
0.60
0.50
0.40
0.30
1.00
0.20
0.10
0.05
0.10
0.01
1.00 10.00 xIs
Figure 53. Characteristic curve LT30XDT long time inverse definite time above 30xIs
Page 146
150
135
120 Maximum
Minimum
105
Operating time (ms)
90
75
60
45
30
15
0
1 10 100
Multiple of setting (xIs)
Figure 54. Operating times KCGG I>>, I>>> and Io>>>
150
135
120 Maximum
Minimum
105
Operating time (ms)
90
75
60
45
30
15
0
1 10 100
Multiple of setting (xIs)
Figure 55. Operating times KCEG I>>, I>>> and Io>>>
Page 147
Appendix 2. LOGIC DIAGRAMS FOR KCGG, KCGU, KCEG
and KCEU RELAYS
Figure 56. Logic diagram: earth fault relays Types KCGG 110 and KCGU 110
Page 148
Figure 57. Logic diagram: two phase overcurrent relay Type KCGG 120
Page 149
Figure 58. Logic diagram: three phase overcurrent relay Type KCGG 130
Page 150
Figure 59a. Logic diagram: three phase overcurrent and earth fault relays Types KCGG 140
and KCGU 140 (Sheet 1)
Page 151
Figure 59b. Logic diagram: three phase overcurrent and earth fault relays Types KCGG 140
and KCGU 140 (Sheet 2)
Page 152
Figure 60. Logic diagram: directional earth fault relays Types KCEG110 and KCEU 110
Page 153
Figure 61. Logic diagram: three phase directional overcurrent relay Type KCEG 130
Page 154
Figure 62a. Logic diagram: three phase directional overcurrent and earth fault relays
Types KCEG 140 and KCEU 140 (Sheet 1)
Page 155
Figure 62b. Logic diagram: three phase directional overcurrent and earth fault relays
Types KCEG 140 and KCEU 140 (Sheet 2)
Page 156
Figure 63. Logic diagram: directional three phase overcurrent and sensitive wattmetric earth fault
relay Type KCEU 141
Page 157
Figure 64. Logic diagram: three phase overcurrent and directional earth fault relays
Types KCEG 150 and KCEU 150
Page 158
Figure 65. Logic diagram: dual polarized directional sensitive earth fault relays Types KCEG 160
and KCEU 160
Page 159
Figure 66. Logic diagram: Dual powered directional three phase overcurrent and sensitive
wattmetric E/F relay Type KCEU 241
Page 160
P2 P1
A 4
S2 S1 13
B AC/DC WD 6 Relay healthy
supply
C 14 3
Vx
21 WD 5 Relay failed
30
22 RL0 32
A 23
34
24 RL1 36
C B 25
Phase rotation 38
RL2 40
26
27 42
RL3 44
28
1
KCGG 110
Case earth
and KCEU RELAYS
46 connection
L0
54
Case earth 48
L1
Page 161
1 29
Kbus communications port
30 56
50
3 4 31 32 L2
5 6 33 34
52
7 8 35 36 Logic input common (1) 7
9 10 37 38
39
+48V field voltage
40 8
13 14 41 42
43 44
17 18 45 46
19 20 47 48 Notes:
21 22 49 50 (1) (a) CT shorting links make
23 24 51 52 before (b) and (c) disconnect.
25 26 53 54 (b) Short terminals break before (c).
55 56 (c) Long terminal
27 28
(d) Pin terminal (pcb type).
SCN
(2) CT connections are typical only.
Module terminal blocks
viewed from rear (3) Earth connections are typical only.
(with integral case earth link)
Appendix 3. CONNECTION DIAGRAMS FOR KCGG, KCGU, KCEG
Figure 67. Typical application diagram: earth fault relay Type KCGG 110
P2 P1
A 4
S2 S1 13
supply
C 14 3
Vx
A WD 5 Relay failed
21
30
C B (When fitted) 22 RL0 32
Phase rotation 23
34
24 RL1 36
25
38
RL2 40
26
27 42
RL3 44
28
KCGG 120 1
Page 162
Case earth
46 connection
Case earth L0
54
1 29 30 48
3 4 31 32
L1
5 6 33 34 50 56
7 8 35 36 L2
9 10 37 38
52
39 40 Logic input common (1) 7
13 14 41 42
+48V field voltage
43 44 8
17 18 45 46
19 20 47 48
21 22 49 Notes:
50
53 before (b) and (c) disconnect.
25 26 54
55 56 (b) Short terminals break before (c).
27 28 (c) Long terminal
SCN
Module terminal blocks (2) CT connections are typical only.
viewed from rear
(with integral case earth link) (3) Earth connections are typical only.
Figure 68. Typical application diagram: 2 phase overcurrent relay Type KCGG 120
P2 P1
A 4
A S2 S1 13
supply
C 14 3
Vx
C B Relay failed
21 WD 5
Phase rotation
30
22 RL0 32
23
34
Case earth RL1 36
24
25
1 29 30 38
3 4 31 32 RL2 40
5 6 33 34 26
27 42
7 8 35 36
9 10 37 38 RL3 44
28 KCGG 130
39 40 29
13 14 41 42 RL4 31
43 44
Page 163
17 18 45 46 46 33
19 20
L0
47 48 RL5 35
21 22 49 48
50 L1 37
23 24 51 52
50 RL6 39
25 26 53 54 L2
55 56 52 41
27 28
Logic input common (1) RL7
SCN 43
1
Module terminal blocks 45
viewed from rear L3
(with integral case earth link) Case earth
47 connection
L4
54
Notes: 49
(1) (a) CT shorting links make L5
before (b) and (c) disconnect. 51 56
(b) Short terminals break before (c).
L6
(c) Long terminal 53 7
L7
(d) Pin terminal (pcb type). +48V field voltage
55 8
(2) CT connections are typical only. Logic input common (2)
(3) Earth connections are typical only.
Figure 69. Typical application diagram: 3 phase overcurrent fault relay Type KCGG 130
P2 P1
A 4
S2 S1 13
A
supply
C 14 3
Vx
C B
Phase rotation 30
22 RL0 32
23
34
Case earth 24 RL1 36
25
1 29 38
30
3 4 31 32 RL2 40
26
5 6 33 34 27 42
7 8 35 36
RL3 44
9 10 37 38
39
28 29
40
13 14 41 42 KCGG 140 RL4 31
43 44
Page 164
17 18 46 33
45 46 L0
19 20 47 48 RL5 35
21 22 48
49 50 L1 37
23 24 51 52
50 RL6 39
25 26 53 54 L2
55 56 52 41
27 28
Logic input common (1) RL7
SCN 43
Module terminal blocks 45 1

viewed from rear L3
(with integral case earth link) Case earth
47 connection
L4
54
Notes: 49
before (b) and (c) disconnect. 51 56
L6
L7
(d) Pin terminal (pcb type). +48V field voltage
55 8
Figure 70. Typical application diagram: 3 phase overcurrent and earth fault relay Type KCGG 140
P2 P1
A 4
13 Series
S2 S1 REG
B AC/DC supplyVx WD 6 Relay failed
14
C 3
A 9
Supply to trip coil WD 5 Relay healthy
10
30
C B
Phase rotation RL0 32
21
34
RL1 36
22
Case earth 23 38
RL2 40
1 29 30
24
3 4 31 32 25 42
5 6 33 34 RL3 44
7 8 35 36
26
9 10 37 38 27 1
39 40
13 14 41 42 Case earth
28 connection
43 44
17 18 45 46
19 20 47 48 KCGG 210
Page 165
21 22 49 50
23 24 51 52
25 26 53 54
55 56
27 28
SCN
54
46
L0
Module terminal blocks Kbus communications port
viewed from rear 48 56
(with integral case earth link) L1
50
Notes: L2 7
(1) (a) CT shorting links make 52
Logic input common (1) +48V field voltage
before (b) and (c) disconnect. 8
(c) Long terminal

Figure 71. Typical application diagram: dual powered earth fault relay Type KCGG 210
P2 P1
A 4
13 Series
S2 S1 REG
A 14
C 3
9 WD Relay healthy
Supply to trip coil 5
C B 10
Phase rotation 30
RL0 32
21
34
RL1 36
Case earth 22
23 38
1 29 30 RL2 40
3 4 31 32 24
5 6 33 34 25 42
7 8 35 36 RL3 44
9 10 37 38
26 29
39 40 27
13 14 41 RL4 31
42
Page 166
43 44 33
17 18 28
45 46 46 RL5
19 20 L0 35
47 48
21 22 49 50 48 KCGG 230 37
23 24 51 52 L1 RL6 39
25 26 53 54 50
L2 41
55 56
27 28 52 RL7 43
SCN Logic input common (1)
45 1
Module terminal blocks L3
viewed from rear Case earth
(with integral case earth link) 47
L4 connection
Notes: 54
49
before (b) and (c) disconnect. Kbus communications port
51 56
L6
L7
+48V field voltage
55 8
Figure 72. Typical application diagram: dual powered 3 phase overcurrent relay Type KCGG 230
P2 P1
A 4
13 Series
S2 S1 REG
A 14
C 3
9 WD Relay healthy
C B 10
Phase rotation 30
RL0 32
21
34
RL1 36
Case earth 22
23 38
1 29 30 RL2 40
3 4 31 32 24
5 6 33 34 25 42
7 8 35 36 RL3 44
9 10 37 38
26 29
39 40 27
13 14 RL4 31
41 42
Page 167
43 44 28 33
17 18 45 46 46 RL5 35
19 20 47 48 L0
21 22 48 37
49 50
23 24
L1 RL6 39
51 52
25 26 53 54 50
L2 41
55 56
27 28 52 RL7 43
SCN Logic input common (1) KCGG 240
45 1
viewed from rear Case earth
L4 connection
Notes: 49 54
before (b) and (c) disconnect. 51 Kbus communications port
L6 56
L7
+48V field voltage
55 8
Figure 73. Typical application diagram: dual powered 3 phase overcurrent and earth fault relay Type KCGG 240
P2 P1 4
A 13
AC/DC WD 6 Relay healthy
S2 S1 supply
B 14 3
Vx
A C
A B C
30
C B 22 RL0 32
Phase rotation 23
N
34
dn 24 RL1 36
25
38
da RL2 40
26
27 42
RL3 44
28
1
19 KCEG 110
Case earth
20 connection
Case earth
54
1 29 30 46
Page 168
L0 Kbus communications port
3 4 31 32
56
5 6 33 34 48
7 8 35 36 L1
9 10 37 38
50 7
39 40 L2
13 14 41 42 +48V field voltage
52 8
43 44 Logic input common (1)
17 18 45 46
19 20 47 48
21 22 49 Notes:
50
53 54 before (b) and (c) disconnect.
25 26
55 56 (b) Short terminals break before (c).
27 28
(c) Long terminal
SCN
Module terminal blocks (2) CT connections are typical only.
viewed from rear
Figure 74. Typical application diagram: directional earth fault relay Type KCEG 110
P2 P1
A 13
S2 S1 AC/DC
B supply 4
14
A Vx WD 6 Relay healthy
C
A B C 21 3
C B WD 5 Relay failed
Phase rotation 22
N 23 30
RL0 32
n
24 34
25
RL1 36
a b c
26 38
1 29 30 KCEG 130 42
3 4 31 32 28
17 RL3 44
5 6 33 34
7 8 35 36 29
9 10 37 38 18 RL4 31
Page 169
39 40
13 14 41 33
42
19
43 44 RL5 35
17 18 45 46
20
37
19 20 47 48 46
21 22 L0 RL6 39
49 50
23 24 51 52 48 41
L1
25 26 53 54 RL7 43
55 56 50
27 28 L2 1
SCN 52
Logic input common (1)
Module terminal blocks Case earth
45 connection
viewed from rear L3
47 54
L4
Notes:
49 Kbus communications port
(1) (a) CT shorting links make L5 56
before (b) and (c) disconnect.
51
L6 7
(c) Long terminal
53 +48V field voltage
(d) Pin terminal (pcb type). L7 8
(2) CT connections are typical only. 55

Figure 75. Typical application diagram: 3 phase directional overcurrent relay Type KCEG 130
P2 P1
A 13
S2 S1 AC/DC
B supply 4
14
Vx WD 6 Relay healthy
A C
A B C 21 3
WD 5 Relay failed
C B
22
Phase rotation 23 30
RL0 32
n
24 34
25
RL1 36
a b c
26 38
1 29 30 KCEG 130 42
3 31 28
4 32 RL3
17 44
5 6 33 34
7 8 35 36 29
9 10 37 38 18 RL4 31
Page 170
39 40
33
13 14 41 42 19
RL5 35
43 44
17 18 20
45 46 37
19 20 47 48 46
L0 RL6 39
21 22 49 50
23 24 51 52 48 41
L1
25 26 53 54 RL7 43
55 50
56 L2
27 28 1
SCN 52
Case earth
Module terminal blocks 45 connection
viewed from rear L3
(with integral case earth link) 47 54
L4
Notes:
49 Kbus communications port
(1) (a) CT shorting links make L5 56
51
L6 7
(c) Long terminal
Figure 76. Typical application diagram: 3 phase directional overcurrent relay Type KCEG 130. V connected 2 phase input
P2 P1
A 13
S2 S1 AC/DC
B supply 4
A 14
C
A B C 21 3
C B
Phase rotation WD 5 Relay failed
22
N 23 30
RL0 32
n
24 34
25
RL1 36
a b c
26 38
1 29 30 KCEG 140 42
3 4 31 32 28
17 RL3 44
5 6 33 34
7 8 35 36 29
9 10 37 38 18 RL4 31
39 40
13 14 41
33
42
19
43 44 RL5 35
17 18 45 46
20
Page 171
37
19 20 47 48 46
21 22 L0 RL6 39
49 50
23 24 51 52 48 41
L1
25 26 53 54 RL7 43
55 56 50
27 28 L2 1
SCN 52
Logic input common (1) Case earth
viewed from rear L3
47
L4
Notes: Kbus communications port
(1) (a) CT shorting links make
49 56
L5
51 7
L6
(c) Long terminal +48V field voltage
53 8
(d) Pin terminal (pcb type). L7
Figure 77. Typical application diagram: 3 phase directional overcurrent and earth fault relay Type KCEG 140
P2 P1
A 13 4
S2 S1 AC/DC
B supply WD 6 Relay healthy
A 14
Vx 3
C
A B C 21 WD Relay failed
5
C B
Phase rotation 30
22
N 23 RL0 32
34
dn
24 RL1
25 36
Case earth da 38
26 RL2 40
1 29 30 27
3 4 31 32 42
5 6 33 34 RL3 44
28
7 8 35 36
29
9 10 37 38 19
39
RL4 31
40
Page 172
13 14 41 42 20 33
43 44 RL5
17 18 35
45 46 KCEG 150
19 20 47 37
48
21 22 46
49 50 L0 RL6 39
23 24 51 52 48 41
25 26 53 54 L1
RL7 43
55 56 50
27 28
L2
SCN 1
52
Module terminal blocks Case earth
viewed from rear 45
L3 connection
47 54
Notes: L4
(1) (a) CT shorting links make 49 Kbus communications port
before (b) and (c) disconnect. L5 56
(b) Short terminals break before (c). 51
L6 7
(c) Long terminal
(d) Pin terminal (pcb type). 53 +48V field voltage
L7 8
(3) Earth connections are typical only. Logic input common (2)
Figure 78. Typical application diagram: 3 phase overcurrent and directional earth fault relay Type KCEG 150
Direction of forward current flow A B C
A 13 4
A AC/DC
P2 P1 B supply WD Relay healthy
A B 14 6
Vx
S2 S1 C 3
B C 21
WD 5 Relay failed
C
A B C 22 30
23 RL0 32
N 34
P1 24
S1 26 RL1 36
dn Ip 38
S2 25 RL2 40
P2
da 27
42
Io
RL3 44
28
19 29
RL4 31
Vo
20 33
Case earth
RL5 35
1 29 30 KCEG 160
37
3 4 31 32 46
Page 173
5 6 33 34 L0 RL6 39
A
7 8 35 36 48 41
9 10 37 38 L1
RL7 43
39 40 C B 50
13 14 41 42 Phase rotation L2
1
43 44 52
17 18 Logic input common (1)
45 46 Case earth
19 20 45
47 48 L3 connection
Notes:
21 22 49 50 47
(1) (a) CT shorting links 54
23 24 51 52 make before (b) L4
25 26 53 54 and (c) disconnect. Kbus communications port
49
55 56 (b) Short terminals break L5 56
27 28
before (c).
51
SCN L6
(c) Long terminal 7
Module terminal blocks (d) Pin terminal (pcb type). 53 +48V field voltage
viewed from rear L7 8
(with integral case earth link) (2) CT connections are typical only.
55
13 Series
4
P2 P1 AC/DC supplyVx REG WD Relay failed
A 14 6
A
S2 S1 3
B
9 WD Relay healthy
C B C 10
Phase rotation A B C 30
RL0 32
21
N 34
RL1 36
22
dn 23
Case earth 38
RL2 40
1 29 30 da 24
3 4 31 32 25 42
5 6 33 34 RL3 44
7 8 35 36 26 1
9 10 37 38 27
39 40
Page 174
Case earth
13 14 41 42 28 connection
43 44
17 18 45 46
19 20 19
47 48
21 22 KCEG 210
49 50
20
23 24 51 52
25 26 53 54
55 56
27 28
54
SCN
46
L0
Module terminal blocks Kbus communications port
Notes: 50
L2 7
Logic input common (1) +48V field voltage
8
(c) Long terminal

13 Series
4
A 14 6
S2 S1 3
B
9 WD Relay healthy
C 10
A B C 30
21 RL0 32
A
N 34
22 RL1
C B 23 36
Phase rotation n
38
24 RL2 40
a b c 25
Case earth 42
1 29 26 RL3 44
30
3 31
27
4 32 29
5 6 33 34 RL4 31
7 8 35 36 28
9 10 37 38 33
17
39 RL5
Page 175
40 35
13
18
14 41 42
37
43 44 KCEG 230
17 18 19 RL6 39
45 46
19 20 47 48 20 41
21 22 49 50 RL7 43
23 24 51 52 L0
46
25 26 53 54 48 1
L1
55 56
27 28
50 Case earth
SCN L2 connection
52
Module terminal blocks Logic input common (1)
viewed from rear 45
47 54
Notes: L4
(1) (a) CT shorting links make Kbus communications port
49
51
(c) Long terminal L6
(d) Pin terminal (pcb type). 53 7
L7
(2) CT connections are typical only. +48V field voltage
55 8
Figure 81. Typical application diagram: dual powered 3 phase directional overcurrent relay Type KCEG 230
13 Series
4
A 14 6
S2 S1 3
B
9 WD Relay healthy
C 10
A B C 30
A 21 RL0 32
N 34
22 RL1
C B 23 36
Phase rotation n
38
24 RL2 40
a b c 25
42
Case earth
26 RL3 44
1 29 30 27
29
3 4 31 32
5 6 33 34 RL4 31
28
7 8 35 36 33
17
9 10 37 38
RL5 35
39 40 18
13 14 41 42 37
43 44 KCEG 240 RL6 39
19
17 18 45 46
Page 176
19 20 20 41
47 48
21 22 49 RL7 43
50 L0
23 24 51 52
46
48 1
25 26 53 54 L1
55 56
27 28 50 Case earth
L2 connection
SCN
52
viewed from rear 45
L3
47 54
Notes: L4
L6
(c) Long terminal
L7
55 8
Figure 82. Typical application diagram: dual powered 3 phase directional overcurrent and earth fault relay Type KCEG 240
13 Series
4
A 14 6
S2 S1 3
B
9 WD Relay healthy
C 10
A B C 30
21 RL0 32
A
N 34
22 RL1
dn 23 36
C B
38
Phase rotation
24 RL2 40
25
da 42
Case earth
26 RL3 44
1 29 30 27
29
3 4 31 32
5 6 33 34 RL4 31
28
7 8 35 36 33
9 10 37 38
RL5 35
Page 177
39 40
13 14 41 42 19 37
KCEG 250
43 44 RL6 39
17 18 45 46 20
19 20 41
47 48
21 22 49 RL7 43
50 L0
23 24 51 52
46
48 1
25 26 53 54 L1
55 56 Case earth
27 28 50
L2 connection
SCN
52
viewed from rear 45
L3
47 54
Notes: L4
49
51
L7
55 8
Figure 83. Typical application diagram: dual powered 3 phase overcurrent and directional earth fault relay Type KCEG 250
4
13
P2 P1 WD 6 Relay healthy
A AC/DC supplyVx
3
B 14
A WD 5 Relay failed
C
30
S2 S1
C B 21 RL0 32
Phase rotation
34
22
23 RL1 36
Case earth
38
24
1 29 30 25 RL2 40
3 4 31 32
42
5 6 33 34
26 RL3
7 8 35 36 27 44
9 10 37 38
1
39 40 28
13 14 41 42
Page 178
Case earth
43 44 KCGU 110 connection
17 18 45 46
19 20 47 48 L0
21 22 49 46
50
23 24 51 52 48
L1 54
25 26 53 54
50
55 56 L2 Kbus communications port
27 28 56
SCN 52
viewed from rear 7
+48V field voltage
8
Notes:
(c) Long terminal

Figure 84. Typical application diagram: sensitive earth fault relay Type KCGU 110
P2 P1 P2 P1
A 13 4
S2 S1 AC/DC WD Relay healthy
B 6
supply
14
Vx 3
C
S2 S1 21 WD 5 Relay failed
A
30
22 RL0
23 32
C B
Phase rotation 34
24 RL1 36
25
38
Case earth RL2 40

26
27 42
1 29 30
RL3 44
3 4 31 32
28
5 6 33 34 29
7 8 35 36 RL4 31
9 10 37 38
33
Page 179
39 40 KCGU 140
13 14 41 42 RL5 35
43 44 37
17 18 45 46 46
19 20 L0 RL6 39
47 48
21 22 49 48 41
50
23 24
L1
51 52 RL7 43
25 26 53 54 50
L2 1
55 56
27 28 52
SCN Logic input common (1)
Case earth
45 connection
Notes: 49 Kbus communications port
L5 56
L6
(c) Long terminal 53
L7 +48V field voltage
(d) Pin terminal (pcb type). 8
55
Figure 85. Typical application diagram: 3 phase overcurrent and sensitive earth fault relay Type KCGU 140
13 Series 4
P2 P1 P2 P1 AC/DC supplyVx REG
A 14 WD 6 Relay failed
B S2 S1
3
9
Supply to trip coil WD Relay healthy
A C 10 5
S2 S1 30
C B 21 RL0 32
Phase rotation 34
22 RL1
23 36
38
25
1 29 30 42
3 4 31 32 RL3
26 44
5 6 33 34 27
7 8 35 36 29
9 10 37 38 RL4 31
28
39 40
33
13 14 41 42
KCGU 240 RL5 35
43 44
17 18 45 37
46
19 20
Page 180
47 48 RL6
21 22
L0 39
49 50 46
23 24 51 52 48 41
L1
25 26 53 54 RL7 43
55 50
56 L2
27 28 1
SCN 52
Case earth
Module terminal blocks connection
viewed from rear 45
L3
47 54
Notes: L4
49
51
L7
55 8
Figure 86. Typical application diagram: dual powered 3 phase overcurrent and sensitive earth fault relay Type KCGU 240
4
13
P2 P1 WD 6 Relay healthy
A AC/DC
supplyVx 3
A B 14
WD 5 Relay failed
C
30
A B C S2 S1
C B 21 RL0 32
Phase rotation
34
N 22
23 RL1 36
Case earth dn 38
24
25 RL2 40
1 29 30
3 4 31 32
da 42
5 6 33 34 26 RL3
27 44
7 8 35 36
9 10 37 38 1
39
28
40
19 KCEU 110 connection
43 44
17 18 45 46
19 20 47 48
Page 181
20 54
21 22 49 50
23 24 51 52 Kbus communications port
L0 46 56
25 26 53 54
55 56
27 28 48
L1
SCN 7
50
Module terminal blocks L2 +48V field voltage
viewed from rear 8
52
(with integral case earth link) Logic input common (1)
Notes:
(c) Long terminal

Figure 87. Typical application diagram: directional sensitive earth fault relay Type KCEU 110
P2 P1 P2 P1
A 13
S2 S1 AC/DC
B supply 4
A 14
C
A B C S2 S1 21 3
C B
22
N 23 30
RL0 32
n
24 34
25
RL1 36
a b c
26 38
1 29 30 42
28
3 4 31 32 KCEU 140 RL3
17 44
5 6 33 34
7 8 35 36 29
9 10 37 38 18 RL4 31
39 40 33
13 14 41 42 19
RL5 35
43 44
17
20
18 37
Page 182
45 46
19 20 47 48 46
L0 RL6 39
21 22 49 50
23 48 41
24 51 52 L1
53 54 RL7 43
25 26
50
55 56 L2
27 28 1
SCN 52
45 Case earth
Module terminal blocks L3 connection
viewed from rear
L4
Notes:
L5 56
L6
(c) Long terminal 7
53
(d) Pin terminal (pcb type). L7 +48V field voltage
8
Figure 88. Typical application diagram: 3 phase directional overcurrent and sensitive earth fault relay Type KCEU 140
Direction of power flow for operation
P2 P1 P2 P1
A 13
S2 S1 AC/DC
B supply 4
A 14
C
A B C S2 S1 21 3
C B
22
N 23 30
RL0 32
n
24 34
25
RL1 36
a b c
26 38
1 29 30 42
28
3 4 31 32 KCEU 141 RL3
17 44
5 6 33 34
7 8 35 36 29
9 10 37 38 18 RL4 31
Page 183
39 40 33
13 14 41 42 19
RL5 35
43 44
17
20
18 45 46 37
19 20 47 48 46
L0 RL6 39
21 22 49 50
23 24 48 41
51 52 L1
53 54 RL7 43
25 26
50
55 56 L2 1
27 28
SCN 52
Logic input common (1) Case earth
L3
viewed from rear 54
L4
Notes: Kbus communications port
49 56
before (b) and (c) disconnect. SCN
L6
7
(c) Long terminal
Figure 89. Typical application diagram: directional 3 phase overcurrent and sensitive wattmetric earth fault relay Type KCEU 141
P2 P1 P2 P1 4
A 13
S2 S1 AC/DC WD 6 Relay healthy
B supply
A 14 3
Vx
C
A B C S2 21 WD 5 Relay failed
S1
C B 30
Phase rotation
22 RL0 32
N 23
34
dn RL1 36
24
25
38
Case earth da RL2 40
26
1 29 30 27 42
3 4 31 32 RL3 44
5 6 33 34 28
7 35 KCEU 150 29
8 36
9 10 37 38
19 RL4 31
39 40 33
13 14 20
41 42
RL5 35
43 44
17 18 45 37
46
19 20 46
Page 184
47 48 L0 RL6 39
21 22 49 50
48 41
23 24 51 52 L1
53 54 RL7 43
25 26 50
55 56 L2
27 28 1
SCN 52
Case earth
L3
viewed from rear
L4
Notes:
L5 56
L6
(c) Long terminal 7
53
(d) Pin terminal (pcb type). L7 +48V field voltage
8
Figure 90. Typical application diagram: 3 phase overcurrent and directional sensitive earth fault relay Type KCEU 150
Direction of forward current flow A B C
A N 13 4
A AC/DC
P2 P1 B supply WD Relay healthy
A B 14 6
Vx
C 3
B C 21
WD 5 Relay failed
C
A B C 22 30
S2 S1
23 RL0 32
N A 34
P1 24
S1 25 RL1 36
dn Ip
C B 38
Phase rotation S2 26 RL2 40
P2
da 27
42
Io
RL3 44
Case earth 28
19 29
1 29 30
RL4 31
3 4 31 32 Vo
20 33
5 6 33 34
7 8 35 36 RL5 35
9 10 37 38 KCEU 160
37
39 40
46
Page 185
13 14 41 42 L0 RL6 39
43 44 48 41
17 18 45 L1
46
19 20 RL7 43
47 48 50
21 22 49 Notes: L2
50 1
23 24 51 52 (1) (a) CT shorting links make 52
before (b) and (c) disconnect. Logic input common (1)
45
55 56 (b) Short terminals break before (c). L3 connection
27 28
(c) Long terminal
SCN 47 54
(d) Pin terminal (pcb type). L4
Module terminal blocks (2) CT connections are typical only. 49 Kbus communications port
viewed from rear L5 56
51
L6
7
53
8
55
Figure 91. Typical application diagram: dual polarized directional overcurrent sensitive earth fault relay Type KCEU 160
Direction of power flow for operation
13 4
AC/DC Series
P2 P1 P2 P1 REG WD Relay failed
A supplyVx 14 6
S2 S1 3
B
Supply to 9 WD Relay healthy
5
C trip coil 10
A B C S2 S1 30
A
21 RL0 32
N 34
C B 22
23
n
38
24 RL2 40
a b c 25
42
27
1 29 30 29
3 4 31 32 RL4
28 31
5 6 33 34
7 8 35 36 33
17
9 10 37 38 RL5 35
39
18
40
13 14 41
37
42
43 44 19 KCEU 240 RL6 39
17 18 45
Page 186
46
19 20 20 41
47 48
21 22 49 RL7 43
50 L0
23 24 51 52 46
25 26 53 54 48 1
L1
55 56
27 28
50 Case earth
SCN L2 connection
52
Module terminal blocks Logic input common (1)
viewed from rear
L3 54
47
Notes: L4 Kbus communications port
49
before (b) and (c) disconnect. L5
51
7
55
Figure 92. Typical application diagram: dual powered 3 phase directional overcurrent and sensitive earth fault relay Type KCEU 240
Direction power flow for operation
13 Series
4
P2 P1 P2 P1 AC/DC REG
A WD 6 Relay failed
supplyVx 14
S2 S1 3
B
5
C trip coil 10
A B C S2 S1 30
A
21 RL0 32
N 34
C B 22
23
n
38
24 RL2 40
a b c 25
42
26 RL3 44
Case earth
27
29
1 29 30
RL4 31
3 4 31 32 28
5 6 33 34 33
17
7 8 35 36
RL5 35
Page 187
9 10 37 38 18
39 40 37
13 14 41 42
19 KCEU 241 RL6 39
43 44
17 18 45 20 41
46
19 20 47 48 RL7 43
21 22 49 50 L0
46
23 24 51 52 48 1
25 53 54 L1
26
55 56 50 Case earth
27 28 connection
L2
SCN
52
viewed from rear 45
L3 54
47
Notes: L4 Kbus communications port
49
before (b) and (c) disconnect. L5
SCN
51
7
55
Figure 93. Typical application diagram: dual powered 3 phase overcurrent and sensitive wattmetric earth fault relay Type KCEU 241
13 Series
4
P2 P1 P2 P1 AC/DC REG
A WD 6 Relay failed
supplyVx 14
S2 S1 3
B
5
C trip coil 10
A B C S2 S1 30
21 RL0 32
A
N 34
22 RL1
C B dn 23 36
Phase rotation 38
24 RL2 40
da 25
42
26 RL3 44
Case earth 27
29
1 29 30 RL4 31
3 31
28
4 32
5 6 33 34
33
7 8 35 36 19 RL5
Page 188
35
9 10 37 38
20 37
39 40
13 14 41 42
KCEU 250 RL6 39
43 44
17 L0 46 41
18 45 46
19 20 47 48 RL7 43
21 22
48
49 50 L1
23 24
1
51 52 50
25 26 53 54 L2
55
Case earth
56 52
27 28 Logic input common (1) connection
SCN
L3 45
Module terminal blocks 54
viewed from rear 47
Notes: 49 56
L5
L6
(c) Long terminal 53
55
Figure 94. Typical application diagram: dual powered 3 phase overcurrent and directional sensitive earth fault relay Type KCEU 250
Appendix 4. COMMISSIONING TEST RECORD
Multifunctional Overcurrent Relay Type KC _______________

Relay model number _________________ Date ___________________
Relay firmware number _________________ Serial number ___________________
Station _________________ Circuit ___________________
Front plate information
Multifunctional overcurrent relay type KC

Model No.
Serial No.
Rated current In
Aux Voltage Vx
Pol Voltage Vn
Frequency
System data settings

F E D C B A 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
SYS Password
SYS Fn. Links
SYS Description
SYS Plant ref.
SYS Model No.
SYS firmware Ref.
SYS Frequency
SYS Comms Level
SYS Relay Address
SYS Software Ref.
Page 189
Earth fault 1
F E D C B A 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
EF1 Fn. Links 0 0 0 0 0 0
EF1 CT Ratio
EF1 VT Ratio
EF1 Charact.
EF1 Io>
EF1 to>/TMS
EF1 toRESET
EF1 Io>>
EF1 to>>
EF1 Io>>>
EF1 to>>>
EF1 Char. Angle
EF1 Ip>
EF1 Vop>
EF1 Io<
Phase fault 1
F E D C B A 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
PF1 Fn. Links 0 0 0 0 0 0
PF1 CT Ratio
PF1 VT Ratio
PF1 Charact.
PF1 I>
PF1 t>/TMS
PF1 tRESET
PF1 I>>
PF1 t>>
PF1 I>>>
PF1 t>>>
PF1 Char. Angle
PF1 I<
PF1 V<
PF1 tV<
Page 190
Earth Fault 2
F E D C B A 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
EF2 Fn. Links 0 0 0 0 0 0
EF2 CT Ratio
EF2 VT Ratio
EF2 Charact.
EF2 Io>
EF2 to>/TMS
EF2 toRESET
EF2 Io>>
EF2 to>>
EF2 Io>>>
EF2 to>>>
EF2 Char. Angle
EF2 Ip>
EF2 Vop>
EF2 Io<
Phase fault 2 F E D C B A 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
PF2 Fn. Links 0 0 0 0 0 0
PF2 CT Ratio
PF2 VT Ratio
PF2 Charact.
PF2 I>
PF2 t>/TMS
PF2 tRESET
PF2 I>>
PF2 t>>
PF2 I>>>
PF2 t>>>
PF2 Char. Angle
PF2 I<
PF2 V<
PF2 tV<
Page 191
Logic functions
F E D C B A 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
LOG Fn. Links 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
LOG tCLP
LOG tAUX1
LOG tAUX2
LOG tAUX3
LOG tBF
LOG rTRIP
LOG tCLOSE
LOG LS GROUP
LOG tRESTORE
LOG Default Dsply
Input masks
INP Fn Links F E D C B A 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
INP Blk to> 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
INP Blk to>> 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
INP Blk to>>> 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
INP Blk t> 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
INP Blk t>> 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
INP Blk t>>> 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
INP CB Open CLP 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
INP Aux1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
INP Aux2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
INP Aux3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
INP Set Grp 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
INP CB Opened 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
INP CB Closed 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
INP Bus Posn 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
INP LTrip CB 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
INP LClose CB 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Page 192
Relay masks
RLY In Links F E D C B A 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
RLY Io> Fwd 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
RLY Io> Rev 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
RLY to> 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
RLY to>> 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
RLY to>>> 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
RLY I> Fwd 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
RLY I> Rev 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
RLY t> 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
RLY t>> 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
RLY t>>> 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
RLY tV< 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
RLY Aux1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
RLY Aux2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
RLY Aux3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
RLY V Reduct1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
RLY V Reduct2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
RLY V Reduct3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
RLY CB Close 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
RLY CB Trip 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Recorder
F E D C B A 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
REC Control
REC Capture
REC Post Trigger
REC Relay Trigger
Power mode (measurements)
Mode
Page 193
10.1 Commissioning preliminaries (tick)
10.1.4 Serial number on case, module and cover checked
CT shorting switches in case checked
Terminals 21 and 22; 23 and 24; 25 and 26; 27 and 28 checked for
continuity with module removed from case
External wiring checked to diagram (if available)
10.1.5 Earth connection to case checked
10.1.7 Test block connections checked
10.1.8 Insulation checked
10.3 Auxiliary supply checked
10.3.1 Auxiliary power checked
10.3.1.1 Auxiliary voltage at the relay terminals __________ V ac/dc
10.3.1.2 Watchdog contacts checked
Supply off Terminals 3 and 5
Terminals 4 and 6
Supply on Terminals 3 and 5
Terminals 4 and 6
10.3.1.3 Field voltage __________ V dc
10.3.2 Dual auxiliary powered relays __________
10.3.2.1 Auxiliary voltage at the relay terminals __________ V ac/dc
10.3.2.2 Watchdog contacts checked
Supply off Terminals 3 and 5
Terminals 4 and 6
Supply on Terminals 3 and 5
Terminals 4 and 6
Page 194
10.3.2.3 Field voltage __________ V dc
10.3.2.4 Capacitor trip voltage __________ V dc
10.3.2.5 Minimum current injection to power the relay
Terminals 21 and 23 Terminals 22 and 24 linked __________ A

10.5 Metering checks
Actual value injected Relay metered value
CT ratio ____________________
Phase A current ___________________ A __________________ A
Phase B current ___________________ A __________________ A
Phase C current ___________________ A __________________ A
VT ratio ____________________
Phase A voltage ___________________ V __________________ V
Phase B voltage ___________________ V __________________ V
Phase C voltage ___________________ V __________________ V
10.6 Test results for earth fault/sensitive earth fault elements
Setting group 1 Setting group 2

(if required)
Setting ___________ ___________
Pick-up current Io> ___________ A ___________ A
Drop-off current Io> ___________ A ___________ A
Curve ___________ ___________
to>/TMS ___________ seconds ___________ seconds
Operate time at x2 ___________ seconds ___________ seconds
Operate time at x10 ___________ seconds ___________ seconds
Page 195
Io>> current setting ___________ A ___________ A
Current to trip Io>> ___________ A ___________ A
Current no trip Io>> ___________ A ___________ A
Io>>> current setting ___________ A ___________ A
Current to trip Io>>> ___________ A ___________ A
Current no trip Io>>> ___________ A ___________ A
10.7 Test results for phase fault elements

Setting group 1 Setting group 2
(if required)
Setting ___________ ___________
Pick-up current for I> Phase A ___________ A ___________ A
Drop-off current for I> Phase A ___________ A ___________ A
Pick-up current for I> Phase B ___________ A ___________ A
Drop-off current for I> Phase B ___________ A ___________ A
Pick-up current for I> Phase C ___________ A ___________ A
Drop-off current for I> Phase C ___________ A ___________ A
Curve ___________ ___________
to>/TMS ___________ seconds ___________ seconds
Phase A operate time at x2 ___________ seconds ___________ seconds
Phase B operate time at x2 ___________ seconds ___________ seconds
Phase C operate time at x2 ___________ seconds ___________ seconds
Phase A operate time at x10 ___________ seconds ___________ seconds
Phase B operate time at x10 ___________ seconds ___________ seconds
Phase C operate time at x10 ___________ seconds ___________ seconds
Page 196
Phase A current setting I>> ___________ A ___________ A
Phase A current to trip I>> ___________ A ___________ A
Phase A current to no trip I>> ___________ A ___________ A
Phase B current setting I>> ___________ A ___________ A
Phase B current to trip I>> ___________ A ___________ A
Phase B current to no trip I>> ___________ A ___________ A
Phase C current setting I>> ___________ A ___________ A
Phase C current to trip I>> ___________ A ___________ A
Phase C current to no trip I>> ___________ A ___________ A
Phase A current setting I>>> ___________ A ___________ A
Phase A current to trip I>>> ___________ A ___________ A
Phase A current to no trip I>>> ___________ A ___________ A
Phase B current setting I>>> ___________ A ___________ A
Phase B current to trip I>>> ___________ A ___________ A
Phase B current to no trip I>>> ___________ A ___________ A
Phase C current setting I>>> ___________ A ___________ A
Phase C current to trip I>>> ___________ A ___________ A
Phase C current to no trip I>>> ___________ A ___________ A
Page 197
10.8 Test results for directional earth/sensitive earth fault elements
Vp> setting ___________ V
Actual Vp> threshold ___________ V
Setting group E/F relay characteristic angle Lag Lead
1 _______________________ _______________ _______________
2 _______________________ _______________ _______________
Additional test results for dual polarized

elements when current polarized Lag ___________ Lead ___________
10.9 Test results for directional phase fault elements
E/F relay
Setting group characteristic Phase A Phase B Phase C
angle
1 _________ _____ Lag/Lead _____ Lag/Lead _____ Lag/Lead
2 _________ _____ Lag/Lead _____ Lag/Lead _____ Lag/Lead
10.10 Test results for selective logic
10.10.1 Opto input checks
Opto input number (tick)
L0
L1
L2
L3
L4
L5
L6
L7
Page 198
10.10.2 Controlled logic blocking of time delay elements
Earth fault element Input mask Input mask setting Operation

to> [INP Blk to>]
to>> [INP Blk to>>]
to>>> [INP Blk to>>>]
Phase fault element Input mask Input mask setting Operation

t> [INP Blk t>]
t>> [INP Blk t>>]
t>>> [INP Blk t>>>]
10.10.3 Undervoltage logic
Relay setting of tV< _________ seconds
Measured value of tV< _________ seconds
Relay setting of V< _________ V
Measured value of V< _________ V
10.10.4 Auxiliary timers
Relay setting of auxiliary timer Measured value of auxiliary timer
Timer Aux1 _______ seconds _______ seconds
Setting ___________ ___________
Page 199
10.10.5 Breaker fail Relay setting Measured values
______________ s _____________ s
10.10.6 Change setting group (tick)
Change to setting group 2
10.10.7 Cold load start/pick-up
Initiate cold load start
Trip test
Close test
_________________________________ __________________________________
Commissioning Engineer Customer Witness
_________________________________ __________________________________
Date Date
Page 200
Section 11. INDEX
A Directional earth fault 72

Accuracy 85-87 Disturbance records 60-61
Alarms 21, 29, 57, 62 Dual polarised 36, 73
Alternative setting groups 40-42 Dual powered 52, 74-76
Analogue inputs 53-54 Default display 30
Auto-reclose inhibition 78 E
Auxiliary supply 52, 87
Earthing 98
Auxiliary timers 37-38
Earth fault 35
B External connections 50
Back tripping 40, 76 Event records 59
Back up transfer tripping 76 F
Blocked overcurrent 68, 71
Fault records 29, 59
Breaker fail 39, 76
Field voltage 81
Burdens 81-83
Flags 15, 62
Busbar protection 69-70
Flag /Trip logic 45-46
C reset 29
Circuit breaker control 20, 43, 80 Frequency response 94-96
Circuit breaker maintenance 59 Frontplate 14
Cold load start/ pick up 41-42, 79 Function links 19, 28
Commissioning 96-130 H
Alternative setting group 124
Handling 10
Auxiliary supply tests 101-104
Auxiliary timers 123 I
Blocking 121 Instantaneous operating times 146
Breaker fail 124 Inverse time curves 67, 84, 139-145
Circuit breaker control 125
Cold load start/pick up 124 K
Earth fault elements 105-108 K- Bus 63-64
Equipment required 100 KITZ 64
Directional earth fault 111-117 Keypad 15
Directional phase fault 117-121
L
Measurement checks 105
LED indication 14, 29
On-load tests 126
Load shedding 20,44-45, 80
Opto-inputs 121
Logic functions 25, 30-46
Phase fault elements 108-110
diagrams 147-159
Preliminaries 96
Test record 189-200 M
Undervoltage logic 122 Magnetising inrush 79
Wattmetric element 129 Maintenance 135-138
Communications 28, 63-66, 89 Masks, input/output 25-26, 29, 31
Configuration 46-49 Measurements 21, 58
Connection diagrams 160-187 Menu system 16-17
Contacts 50, 88 contents 17-26
Dwell time 54 Modems 66
CT requirements 89
O
D Operating times 146
Dead substation protection 75 Opto-isolated inputs 52, 81, 83, 88
Definite time 67, 81 Output relays 54
Default display 25, 30 Overcurrent 32-34, 67
Directional 34-35, 71, 85
Page 201
P
Password 18, 27
PC requirements 65
Plant status 19, 43-44, 62
Polarising 34, 36, 72, 85
synchronous 96
Problem solving 130-134
R
Rated current 81
Rated voltage 81
Recorded times 62
Reset timer 78
Remote control 58
Repair form 203-204
Restricted earth fault 77
S
Self monitoring 57
Settings 28, 46, 83-85
Setting groups 20, 40
Signing of direction 22
Software 65
Start, Forward/Reverse 32, 35
Storage 11
Synchronous polarization 96
T
Technical data 81
Transient overreach 88, 95
Trip test 44
Trip indication 45-46
Trip arrangements 54-57
U
Undercurrent 33, 42, 78
Undervoltage 37
Unpacking 11
User interface 14-15
W
Watchdog 89, 131
Page 202
REPAIR FORM
Please complete this form and return it to AREVA T&D with the
equipment to be repaired. This form may also be used in the case of application queries.
AREVA T&D
St. Leonards Works
Stafford
ST17 4LX,
England
For: After Sales Service Department
Customer Ref: ________________________ Model No: _________________

Contract Ref: ________________________ Serial No: _________________
Date: ________________________
1. What parameters were in use at the time the fault occurred?
AC volts _____________ Main VT/Test set

DC volts _____________ Battery/Power supply
AC current _____________ Main CT/Test set
Frequency _____________
2. Which type of test was being used? ________________________________________
3. Were all the external components fitted where required? Yes/No

(Delete as appropriate.)
4. List the relay settings being used

______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
5. What did you expect to happen?

______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
continued overleaf
Page 203
6. What did happen?

______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
7. When did the fault occur?
Instant Yes/No Intermittent Yes/No

Time delayed Yes/No (Delete as appropriate).
By how long? __________
8. What indications if any did the relay show?

______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
9. Was there any visual damage?

______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
10. Any other remarks which may be useful:

______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
___________________________________ ____________________________________
Signature Title
___________________________________ ____________________________________
Name (in capitals) Company name
Page 204

Publication: R8501H
AREVA T&D's Automation & Information Systems Business www.areva-td.com

T&D Worldwide Contact Centre online 24 hours a day: +44 (0) 1785 25 00 70 http://www.areva-td.com/contactcentre/

KAVR Series - Manual PDF

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

KAVR Series - Manual PDF

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

KAVR Series - Manual PDF

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

K Range Series 1

Overcurrent and Directional

KCEG 110/KCEG 210

Safety Section Page 1/10

2. HEALTH AND SAFETY 3

3. SYMBOLS AND EXTERNAL LABELS ON THE EQUIPMENT 4

4. INSTALLING, COMMISSIONING AND SERVICING 4

5. DECOMMISSIONING AND DISPOSAL 7

6. EQUIPMENT WHICH INCLUDES ELECTROMECHANICAL ELEMENTS 7

7. TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS FOR SAFETY 7

7.1 Protective fuse rating 7

7.2 Protective Class 7

7.3 Installation Category 7

9. RECOGNIZED AND LISTED MARKS FOR NORTH AMERICA 9

Page 2/10 Safety Section

Safety Section Page 3/10

2. HEALTH AND SAFETY

are trained in emergency procedures (first aid).

Page 4/10 Safety Section

3. SYMBOLS AND EXTERNAL LABELS ON THE EQUIPMENT

Caution: refer to equipment documentation Caution: risk of electric shock

Protective Conductor (*Earth) terminal.

Functional/Protective Conductor Earth terminal

4. INSTALLING, COMMISSIONING AND SERVICING

Safety Section Page 5/10

Protection Class I Equipment

Page 6/10 Safety Section

External resistors, including voltage dependent resistors (VDRs)

Safety Section Page 7/10

5. DECOMMISSIONING AND DISPOSAL

6. EQUIPMENT WHICH INCLUDES ELECTROMECHANICAL ELEMENTS

7. TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS FOR SAFETY

7.2 Protective Class

7.3 Installation Category

Page 8/10 Safety Section

Pollution Degree Pollution Compliance is demonstrated by reference to safety

Product safety: Compliance demonstrated by reference to

Electromagnetic Compatibility Directive Compliance demonstrated via the Technical

The equipment is compliant with Article 1(2) of

Radio and Compliance demonstrated by compliance to the Low

Safety Section Page 9/10

9. RECOGNIZED AND LISTED MARKS FOR NORTH AMERICA

UL Recognized to UL (USA) requirements

UL Recognized to UL (USA) and CSA (Canada) requirements

UL Listed to UL (USA) requirements

UL Listed to UL (USA) and CSA (Canada) requirements

Certified to CSA (Canada) requirements

Page 10/10 Safety Section

1.1 General considerations

2.1 Using the manual

KCGU 110 Sensitive earth fault relay

KCEG 110/KCEG 210 Directional earth fault relay

KCEU 110 Directional sensitive earth fault relay

3.1 User interface

Made in UK Serial number

Figure 1. Frontplate layout

Fault ta>>> tb>>>

Fn Flags for last fault Fn 1 Flags for previous fault

Figure 2. Flag display format