THEORETICAL CALCULATIONS

Determine the centroid of the T-section shown in figure 1 below:

Figure 1: T-section

Cross-sectional area = ( 100 2 ) + ( 100 3 )

= 500 mm2

Taking first moment of area through point A

500 x = ( 100 2 50 ) + ( 100 3 40 )

22000
x = 500

x = 44 mm

Taking first moment of area through point D

500 x = ( 100 2 101 ) + ( 100 3 50 )

32500
y = 500

y = 70 mm
Having obtained the section centroid position we can now determine the relevant
distances from the Gx/Gy axis to the centroid of the member as shown in figure 2
below:

Figure 2: Distances from centroid to centroids of the individual members

Calculating Ix, Iy and Ixy (as T-section is unsymmetrical) we have

[( ]
3

Ix = 12 )
( 100 2 30.62 ) + 3 100 +3 100 20.42

Ix = 562120 mm4

Ix = 0.562 x 106 mm4

[( ]
3

Iy =
2 100
12 )
+2 100 62 + ( 100 3 4 2 )

Iy = 178666.667 mm4

Iy = 0.179 x 106 mm4

Ixy = [ 100 2 6 30.6 ] + ( 100 3 4 20.4 )

Ixy = 61200 mm4

Mx is the moment along the x-axis and My is the moment along the y-axis.

With Mx = 1 KNm = 1 x 106 Nmm and My = 0, the effective moments are:

I xy
M x M y
Iy
M x =
I 2xy
1
IxIy

1 1060
M x = 2
( 0.0612 106 )
1
0.562 106 0.179 106

M x =1038671.564 Nmm

M x =1.039 10 6 Nmm

I xy
M y M x
Ix
M y =
I 2xy
1
IxIy

0.0612 106
01 106
0.562 106
M y = 2
( 0.0612 106 )
1
0.562 106 0.179 106

M y =113108.01 Nmm
 6
M y =0.113 10 Nmm
Now the direct stress due to bending is given by:

M x y M y x 1.039 106 0.113 10 6

f =1.85 y0.63 x

At A: ( -44, 30.6 ) f = 84.40 N/mm2

At B: (-4, 30.6) f = 59.08 N/mm2

At C: (56, 30.6) f = 21.10 N/mm2

At B: (-4, -70.4) f = -127.56 N/mm2

From strength of materials for asymmetric bending

M x M y
= S y and = S x
z z

Where the S y and S x the effective shears are given by the following
formulae:

I xy I xy
S x S y S y S x
Iy Ix
S x = S y =
I
2 and I
2

1 xy 1 xy
Ix I y Ix I y

Sx = 0 and Sy = 1000N
6 2
0.0612 10


1
6
0.0612 10
01000
0.179 10 6
S x =

S x =113.09 N
 6 2
0.0612 10


1
0.0612 106
10000
0.562 106
S y =

S y =1038.74 N

Theoretical result: Deflection

Beam deflection often calculated using MacAulays Method; following are the
step to obtain equation from double integration method.

First Moment;

M= S (1000x ) (1)

Where S is vertical/Horizontal shear force;

X is distance from free end

d 2 y M
From moment = (2)
dx 2 EI

From equation (1) put M value;

d2 y
EI dx 2 = S (1000x )

Slope and deflection equation obtained integrating with respect to Z;

dy 2
Slope = EI dx = - S 1000x + A
 2
Deflection EIY = S 1000X + Ax +B

Putting value of E = 200,000

Ix= 0.55 X 106

S = 1038.74

3 6 6
1038 .74 x 519 x X 10 + 3.47 X 10
Hence; equation Y = 200000 X 0.55 X 106

X Y Theory
(Average
)
0 0 -
0.0090
9
62.5 - -
0.02036 0.0271
25 4
125 - -
0.07487 0.0797
45 4
187.5 - -0.1646
0.16221
5
250 - -0.2794
0.27930
4
312.5 - -
0.42409 0.4218
7 6
375 - -
0.59423 0.5896
1 5
437.5 - -
0.78737 0.7804
9 8
500 -1.00127 -
0.9920
5
562.5 -1.23358 -
1.2220
4
625 -1.48203 -
1.4681
6
687.5 -1.74428 -
1.7281
1
750 -2.01808 -
1.9995
7
812.5 -2.30105 -
2.2802
5
875 -2.59118 -
2.5678
4
937.5 -2.88513 -
2.8600
4
1000 -3.18489 -
3.1545
5
Theoretical result: Bending Stress

From equation;

f =1.85 y0.63 x

Put following value of x y into above equation ;

x y Theory
-4 -70 -64.783
-4 -60 -55.348
-4 -50 -45.913
-4 -40 -36.478
-4 -30 -27.043
-4 -20 -17.608
-4 -10 -8.173
-4 0 1.262
-4 10 10.697
-4 20 20.132
-4 30 29.567

And

x y Theory
-44 30 42.187
-34 30 39.032
-24 30 35.877
-14 30 32.722
-4 30 29.567
6 30 26.412
16 30 23.257
26 30 20.102
36 30 16.947
46 30 13.792
56 30 10.637