Traffic Management Design: Analysis and Design of Transport Systems

Analysis and design of transport systems
Traffic Management Design
Module title: Analysis and design of transport systems
Course: MSc Transport Engineering and Planning (FT)
Lecturer: Dr Nader Matter
Student Number: 3229047
Student Name: Antonis Charalambous
Contents
Contents.................................................................................................................1
1. INTRODUCTION.................................................................................2
2. PRIORITY JUNCTION.........................................................................2
3. ROUNDABOUTS..................................................................................3
May 2014
London South Bank University
Department of Urban Engineering
Faculty of Engineering, Science and the Built Environment
103 Borough Road, London, SE1 0AA
www.lsbu.ac.uk
1
1. INTRODUCTION
Highway junctions have the function to control merging and conflicting
traffic streams in safety with minimum possible delays. Geometric layout
of junction control vehicle paths and regulate the priority. The four main
junction types are the priority junction, roundabouts, signal controlled
junction and grade separated junctions. Junctions and accesses are
required, in order to maintain the local road network and provide access to
individual or groups of premises. However it is essential to give careful
consideration to the number, type and location of junctions, and seek to
keep them to minimum.
2. PRIORITY JUNCTION
Priority junction consists from a major and minor road. Priority junction can
be considered where traffic flow on one or more side arms gives way to the
major road. Minor road can consider the roads which have to give priority to
the major road. Priority junction can be divided in four basic formations: T-
junction, Crossroads, Skew or y-junction and Staggered Junctions.
T-junction, is a junction which the minor road joint the road in a point
approximately at right angle.
Crossroad is a junction which the minor road joints the road in two
oposites points approximately in the shape of cross.
Skew or Y-junction. In this case the minor road approaches the major
road at an skew angle and joint the major road.
Staggered junction, this junction consist three roads. One major
road and two minor. The minor roads are joint the major road in two
different points not opposites.
Priority junctions can be farther divided in other three basic types. The
simple junction which is not with any ghost of physical island in the major
or minor road, the ghost island junction which consist a marked area on the
carriageway, shaped and located so as to direct the traffic movement, and
ingle lane dualling which consist a central reservation shaped island.
The decision to provide priority junction in steed of than other form of

junction should be based on operational, economic and environmental
considerations. In order to define which type of priority junction have to be
2
chosen for a junction, the following parameters can consider as the most
important:
Design year traffic flow
Proportion of large goods and passenger carrying vehicles
Geometric and traffic delays
Initial estimate of entry and turning stream capacities
Accident cost
Design procedure of the priority junction has to be simple in order to
avoid confusing the drivers. Drivers approaching a priority junction along
the major road shall be able to see the minor road entry from a distance
corresponding to the Desirable Minimum Stopping Sight Distance (SSD).
This visibility allows drivers on the major road to be aware of the traffic
entering from the minor road in time for them to be able to take avoiding
action or stop safely if required.Geometric properties of the junction and the
volume of traffic will determine the capacity of vehicles for each movement
through the junction.
The primary advantage of priority junctions is that the main road flow does
not normally experience any delay. Movement from the minor road and
right turns into it, are dependent on the gaps in the major traffic stream
and this influences both safety and capacity. The main problem is that, as
main road traffic flow increase, gaps between vehicles get smaller and
accidents increase.
3. ROUNDABOUTS
Roundabouts allow for traffic approaching the junction to merge with other
traffic and exit in the desired direction. The layout involves the introduction
of a usually circular form of gyratory traffic island. The principle reason for
their use is to secure the safe movement of vehicles between crossing flows
of traffic with a minimum of delay. This is achieved by ensuring that the
speed and volumes of the approaching streams of traffic are matched by the
geometric features of the layout.
Types of roundabout:
Normal Roundabout: Usually, a Normal Roundabout has flared entries
and exits to allow two or three vehicles to enter or leave the
roundabout on a given arm at the same time. If so, its circulatory
carriageway needs to be wide enough for two or three vehicles to
travel alongside each other on the roundabout itself.
3
Mini Roundabout: A roundabout having a one-way circulatory

carriageway around a flush or slightly raised circular island marking,
less than 4 meters in diameter, and with or without flared
approaches.
Double roundabout: An individual junction with normal or mini
roundabouts
Compact roundabout: A compact roundabout has single lane entries
and exits on each arm. The width of the circulatory carriageway is
such that it is not possible for two cars to pass one another.
Grade separated Roundabout: A Grade Separated Roundabout has at
least one approach coming from a road at a different level. This type
of roundabout is frequently employed at motorway junctions, but can
also be used to link underpasses, flyovers and other multiple level
intersections
The important features in the design of roundabout can be considering the

entry width, which determines the entry capacity and is often large urban
situations. The entry deflection which ensures that entering vehicles are
deflected from their original paths so as to limit their approach speeds. Also
very important feature can consider the form of the central island, which
should ensure that the vehicle speeds across the roundabout are not
excessive while also providing for longer vehicles to undertake turning
movements in reasonable comfort. To provide for the latter the inside
diameter of the island should be about 10 meters, although smaller
dimensions can be used in the case of topographical or land constraints and
in the UK the recommended minimum diameter is 4 meters.
In addition to its natural function as a junction, a roundabout may facilitate

a significant change in road standard, for example, from dual to single
carriageways or from grade separated junction roads to at grade junction
roads emphasise the transition from a rural to an urban or suburban
environment, allow U-turns and facilitate heavy right turn flows.
The majority of accidents at major/minor priority junctions are associated
with right turns roundabout minimize the risk of this type of accident.
Roundabouts should preferably be sited on level ground or in sags rather
than at or near crests because it is difficult for drivers to appreciate the
layout when approaching on an up gradient.
4
4. SIGNAL CONTROLLED JUNCTION
The main purpose of junction control by traffic signals is to separate

conflicting traffic in a safe and efficient manner. At signal controlled
junction, all traffic includes all road users as vehicles, cyclist and
pedestrians is permitted to move in a strictly controlled manner.
The delay is

Traffic Management Design: Analysis and Design of Transport Systems

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Traffic Management Design: Analysis and Design of Transport Systems

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Traffic Management Design: Analysis and Design of Transport Systems

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Analysis and design of transport systems

Traffic Management Design

Module title: Analysis and design of transport systems

Course: MSc Transport Engineering and Planning (FT)

Lecturer: Dr Nader Matter

Student Number: 3229047

Student Name: Antonis Charalambous

The decision to provide priority junction in steed of than other form of

Mini Roundabout: A roundabout having a one-way circulatory

The important features in the design of roundabout can be considering the

In addition to its natural function as a junction, a roundabout may facilitate

4. SIGNAL CONTROLLED JUNCTION

The main purpose of junction control by traffic signals is to separate

You might also like