ADDIS ABABA SCIENCE

AND
TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY

COLLEGE Electrical and Mechanical Engineering

DEPARTMENT Electrical and Electronics Engineering

STREAM - Electronic Communication Engineering

TITLE Design and implementation of IoT based electrical

switch remotely using Bluetooth and manually

SUBMITTED BY: - Tessema Tariku .. ETS2699/05

Elias Bazezew . ETS1837/05

Besufekad Chemeda .. ETS1658/05

Wudneh Endale ....... ETS2779/05

Teralew Lemelemu ETS2688/05

Submitted to Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering

Submission Date: - March 16/2017

Table of Contents
Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 3
Statement of the problem ........................................................................................................ 3
Objective ................................................................................................................................... 4
Significance of the study .......................................................................................................... 5
Scope of the project .................................................................................................................. 5
Literature review ..................................................................................................................... 6
Methodology ............................................................................................................................. 6
Components Required ............................................................................................................ 7
Working principle .................................................................................................................. 7
Work plan ................................................................................................................................. 8
Budget and resource ................................................................................................................ 8
Reference .................................................................................................................................. 9
 Introduction
IoT (Internet of Things) is the inter-networking of physical devices, vehicles, buildings other
items and embedded with electronics, software, sensors, actuators and network connectivity
that enable these objects to collect and exchange data. So using this IoT technology an
individual can perform any task remotely by using phone, tablet or computer in a very smart
and simple way.

IoT covers a various protocols including ZigBee, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi etc. Since in our country
context Bluetooth is feasible comparing to other protocols of IoT, hence we will use Bluetooth
to remotely turn on and off the electrical switch using a command from a software build in an
android phone.

Bluetooth based remote switch controller is an intelligent device which can be used to control
switches up to a distance limit of Bluetooth. Within the distance limit of Bluetooth, everybody
is able to operate with electrical switches. Using this device makes life simple by allowing to
switch on or off any switch using a mobile phone.

In our country electrical switch is manual and it is impossible to on or off the lamp and other
electrically operating devices remotely. But using this device will make handicapped and those
who are unable to walk and switch manually, able to control the whole switch system from one
point, but doing this will not affect the earlier manual switching method rather one can use both
the manual and the IoT switch as needed to turn ON or OFF the switch, we included the manual
switch because sometimes our cellphones power might die, so in that case we can use the
ordinary manual switch.

Statement of the problem

In areas where there are complex buildings we see light is ON, day and night. In governmental
institutions, although the building is not complex, carelessly power wastage is observed most
of the time. Despite inability to remove carelessness of the people, it is possible to make them
feel it by opening the way to care about it. For example, if the switching software is in their
mobile phone, there is a chance to see if the light is on every time they use their phone. And
they can give a simple command to switch it off and save power. This will save many power
wastages due to unnecessary lighting of lamps during the day time. And in summer time in
school, colleges and universities as most of the rooms are locked with a few people having the
access to that room if the lights were left ON, due to some reasons then they will have to wait
until the end of the summer to be turned OFF, since not everyone can have the access to that
particular room, so here one can see how a wastage that is considering our country context.

Physically handicapped people and elderlies are unable to move and switch every switch in
their home. It becomes hard if the building is complex. The switches may be outside home,
higher than their height limit and unreachable by themselves e.g. the door may be locked. But
if the switch is in their hand, everybody is able to switch on or switch off every time he needs
remotely up to the distance limit Bluetooth can cover.

Watchmen may need to switch on the light and see the surrounding area if it is safe or the
robbers exist. This time it may not be safe for him to use the manual switch and also the robbers
may leave the area hearing the sound of footsteps. But if he has a switch with his mobile he
can switch on it, see the area and switch off it after he has checked.

Peoples having a Nyctophobia which is fear off darkness, do not have to enter the dark room
and turn on the lights with their heart pounding too much, if they have this IoT switch they can
turn ON the light before they enter the dark scary room.

Objective
The main objectives of this project are:

To save the power wastage.

To make physically handicapped, elderlies, childrens, dwarfs and peoples having a
Nyctophobia to use a smart switch as it is in their hand.
To make watchmen and other security guys able to control the switches from remote
areas.
To use both the manual and IoT switch to control the switch so that in case of
emergency one can use either one of them.

Specifically, this project aims to:

Know the working principle of Bluetooth module and micro controller

Understand the communication through Bluetooth
Enabling to program a microcontroller and android apps
Know how internet of things can be used
Analyze how a relay works obtain a detail knowledge about rectifiers, filters and
transformers, etc
Significance of the study
This project will give a smart way to control electrical switch using a cell phone, and if at some
point our phone dies we can use the manual switch. It will save the wastage of power, labor
and is very helpful for those in need (like elderly people, peoples scared of darkness, dwarfs
who are too short to reach the manual switch, watchmen to control the switch remotely, and
for peoples who forgot to turn off a particular room light after leaving the room etc.)

IoT based remote switch is very advantageous for areas where electrical switch is needed.
Nowadays almost every activity uses electrical power which in turn use switches. These
switches are unfortunately manual but adding a smart way to control these switches in addition
to the manual the switch will be easily accessible and it could save resources.

This switch is needed for:

Home
Mixed buildings
Governmental offices
Educational facilities
Secured places

These are only some places. Almost all electrical switch demanding areas need this device.

The other significance of this device is that it can be made with low cost but with invaluable
advantage.

Scope of the project

To achieve the objectives, our projects enables us to utilize different methods and tools
including;

Theoretical analysis of systems, operating mechanisms, performance of the system

Circuit design of the system and simulation using simulation software
Organizing and forming full circuit with different circuit components
Implementation, assembly and inspection of the circuit in hardware
To control a single rooms switch using both Bluetooth and manual switch
The software which commands the microcontroller to control the switch is built for
android phone so phones with other OS will fail to control this switch
Literature review
There are projects made on automatic home appliance. These projects mainly focus on the
general home equipment; some exclude the lighting lamp. They do not care about the switch
and power loss due to lighting lamp. Their main motive was to obtain the equipments status
and give a command to do some measures. In the way they use to communicate and decide
what to do, it approaches our project. Components we use may be similar. But the working
principles are totally different.

There are also projects made on how a relay is managed using a microcontroller. Here the
microcontroller sends a command to the relay without checking the status of the switch. It may
send a command to switch on even when the switch was already on. Also the switch was under
the full control of relay which in turn was under microcontroller. It doesnt guarantee if the
microcontroller fails or other components become out of power.

The android program doesnt also give the user an opportunity to have commands other than
switch on or off a relay. Thus, previously made projects were in one or other way with some
defects. They totally reject the manual switches and work on one-way communication i.e. the
microcontroller doesnt check the current status of the switch; it only gives a command to the
relay.

Methodology
Methods involved during the whole project time are the following:

I. Literature review: referring the books, websites and other reference materials
including datasheet of components to understand how the system can work and know
about each component.
II. Design specifications: listing the required performance of the system
III. System modeling: formulating the relationship between different parts and
components of the system.
IV. Designing: the circuit design of the whole system using computer aided tools
V. Simulation: simulating the designed circuit
VI. Hardware implementation: realization and assembly of the designed and simulated
circuits.
Components Required
i. Bluetooth module: gives information about the switches to the microcontroller and
communicates with the mobile phone program.
ii. Microcontroller: processes the serial input signal from the Bluetooth module, the relay
and the program installed on the mobile phone. Then gives the correct command to the
recommended terminal/component.
iii. Relay: used with a Bluetooth module. Receives a command from the microcontroller
and can also be switched manually. It also sends its current status to the microcontroller.
iv. Power Supply for the microcontroller and Bluetooth module: used to give a DC
power to the microcontroller and the Bluetooth module after rectifying and regulating
the power.
v. Power Regulator: used to regulate and feed a DC voltage to indicate the state of the
switch to the microcontroller
vi. Android Mobile phone with Bluetooth connectivity: there must be a mobile phone
with android operating system which is capable of installing the controlling software
and which also have a Bluetooth connectivity.
vii. Android application: Used to send a command to the Bluetooth module

Working principle
The location and the status of each relay is checked by a Bluetooth module. This Bluetooth
module sends the serial data to the microcontroller. The microcontroller is able make a decision
in accordance with the command sent from the user/mobile phone program/.

Each user sends his command to the Bluetooth module what he wants to do with the relay,
switching on or switching off. At the moments the Bluetooth module receives this command it
sends to the microcontroller including the address and the current status of the relay. The
microcontroller is then full of information to make a decision.

The microcontroller uses the input serial data from the Bluetooth module, processes it and
make a decision commanded by the user. This decision is sent to the Bluetooth module as a
command with its respective address. The Bluetooth module then transfers this command to
the relay and the relay will on or off according to the users command.
 Work plan
Activities March April May

Weeks 1-2 Weeks 3-4 Week 1 Weeks 2-4 Weeks 1-2 Weeks 3-4

Literature review

Design specifications

System modeling

Designing

Simulation

Hardware
implementations

Budget and resource

Materials required Quantity Cost in $ (USD)

Microcontroller 1 20 $

HC05 Bluetooth module 1 10 $

Relay 2 12 $

Resistor 2 0.5 $

Power Supply and Regulator 2 5$

Other Expenditure - 50 $

TOTAL COST 97.5 $

Reference
1. www.wikipidea.com/IoTprotocols
2. www.aliexpress.com