Server Specifications, Specs Object 1

We have several types of hosting, and the hardware specifications for your server will depend on
which type of hosting you have. Our specifications for Shared, Reseller, VPS and Dedicated Servers
are listed below.

What kind of servers are you using for Shared and Reseller?
Shared Servers
32 Core AMD Opteron Processor 6376 or Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2630 v3
64GB / 32GB RAM
4 RAID 1s
SSD MySQL

Cloud Hosting Servers

2 Intel E5-2670v3 12 Core/24 Thread 2.3Ghz 30Mb Cache Processors
512 GB RAM
Internal drives - 256GB Samsung SSD
External storage - Distributed Ceph Storage with SSD Caching Tier using 800GB Intel SSD
DC S3610 Series Drives

Reseller Servers
16 Core AMD Opteron Processor 6376
16 GB RAM
RAID 1
SSD caching

We run CentOS 6.8 Enterprise Linux x86 or Windows Server 2008 R2. The connection speed on
our servers is 100 mbps (megabits per second). We also have instant weekly backups of your
content. We have datacenters in the USA in Houston, Texas and in Provo, Utah.

Is the connection on your Shared servers 10mbps burstable to 100mbps or 100mbps constant?
It is 100 mbps constant.

Is the connection on your Shared servers 100mbps up and down or just 100mbps total?
It is 100 mbps both up and down

What Kind of Servers are Being Used for VPS Plans?

Newly provisioned servers for our VPS Hosting plans come with the following specifications:
 Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2630 v3, 32-Core Server Processor
128GB DDR4 RAM
7.2TB (4 RAID 1 arrays - each array has 1.8TB of disk space)
100mbps uplink, shared over the container
We provide a Megabit uplink with a guaranteed 20 mbit connection and traffic shape each
container to 20 mbit
Our previous servers for VPS Hosting plans have the following specs:
AMD Opteron 6376, 32-Core Server Processor
128GB DDR3 RAM
3.6TB RAID 10 (3 arrays - each array has 3.6TB of disk space)
100mbps uplink, shared over the container
We provide a Megabit uplink with a guaranteed 20 mbit connection and traffic shape each
container to 20 mbit

What Kind of Servers are Being Used for Dedicated Plans?

The processor specifications for our Dedicated server plans are listed below. In order to get the
newest server specifications for your dedicated server, you will need to order a new server.

Speed/c Fab.
Package Processor Type Threads Uplink
ore Process
Xeon E3- Dual
Basic 4 2.3 GHz 22 nm 100Mbps
1220L V2 Core
Xeon E3- Quad
Standard 8 2.5 GHz 22 nm 250Mbps
1265L Core
Xeon E3- Quad
Elite 8 2.5 GHz 22 nm 500Mbps
1265L Core
Xeon E3- Quad
Pro 8 3.3 GHz 22 nm 1Gbps
1230 v2 Core

Desk top specificationsThree Methods:WindowsmacOSLinuxCommunity Q&A

Got a new program that you cant wait to use? Need to see how your computer can handle certain
tasks? Read on to find out how to check the specs of your computer.

1
Windows
1. 1
Use the System window in Control Panel. This is located under Control Panel > System
and Security > System.
Press the Win+Pause or Pause Break keys together.
 Find your system specs under the "System" header on the page. The following
information will be displayed:
Rating This will only show on older versions of Windows. It is a rating of
how your computer performs in multiple areas. Scores range from 1.0 to 7.9,
with the higher scores being better. The rating is not important and can be
disregarded.
Processor This is the speed of your CPU. Virtually all processors will be
Intel or AMD. If you are unsure what the processor model means, do a web
search to see the details.
Memory (RAM) This is the amount of memory you have on your computer.
If you have a 32-bit operating system, you can only use up to 4 GB of RAM,
even if you have more installed.
System type This will tell you what version (32-bit or 64-bit) of Windows
you are running. It also tell you if your processor is capable of running
another version (32-bit (x86) or 64-bit (x64)) of Windows.
Pen and Touch Shows whether your device has touchscreen capabilities.
Find your graphics card information:
 Click the Device Manager link to the left side of the open Control Panel
window.
Expand the Display adapters list. The graphics card(s) and its name(s) will be
shown. Most computers will only have one.
To find advanced graphics card information, right-click on it and
select Properties.
Navigate to the Details tab.
Select the information you want in the dropdown menu under
Property.
Look under Value to see the requested data.
2. 2
Use the Settings app. Newer versions of Windows (e.g. 10 and 8.1) have a new app that lets
you change your computers settings, including viewing your device's specifications.
Press Win+I. In Windows 10, Settings will open. Windows 8.1 will open the
Charms bar. To access PC settings, click the small Change PC settings link at the
lower-right corner of the Settings Charms.
Windows 10: Click or tap System. Windows 8.1: Click or tap PC & devices.
Windows 10: Select About from the tabs on the left side. Windows 8.1: Select PC
info from the tabs on the left side.
Look at your system specifications. Here's what they mean:
Product ID A product ID tells Microsoft more about your device in case you
need support.[1]
Processor This is the speed of your CPU. Virtually all processors will be
Intel or AMD. If you are unsure what the processor model means, do a web
search to see the details.
Installed RAM This is the amount of memory you have on your computer.
If you have a 32-bit operating system, you can only use up to 4 GB of RAM,
even if you have more installed.
System type This will tell you what version (32-bit or 64-bit) of Windows
you are running. It also tell you if your processor is capable of running
another version (32-bit (x86) or 64-bit (x64)) of Windows.
Pen and touch Shows whether your device has touchscreen capabilities.
Open Device Manager to see your graphics information.
Click or tap the Start button and type device manager.
Select the matching result.
3. 3
Check how much free hard disk space you have left.
Open File Explorer (Windows Explorer in Windows 7 and earlier).
If not already on the This PC/My Computer/Computer section, get to it using the
navigation pane to the left.
Look at the drives and how much free space remains.
 Right-click on a certain drive and select Properties if you want to see detailed
usage data (e.g. pie chart) of used and free space.
4. 4
Use a third-party app. Speccy is a free tool that gives you detailed system information
such as the temperature of your hardware. Download it from piriform.com/speccy. There are
other free alternatives out there as well.

2
macOS
1.

1
Click the Apple menu. Select About This Mac.
2.

2
Click More Info. This will open a new window that lists your Mac system specs. You
will be able to see the following system information:
Processor - This is the speed of your CPU. Nearly all processors will be Intel. If you
are unsure what the processor model means, do a web search to see the details.
Memory (RAM) This will show the amount of system memory you have installed.
The more memory you have, the greater your capability to run multiple programs at
once or memory-hungry programs like Photoshop.
Graphics Card This will display your installed video adapter, if any. You can do a
web search on the make and model for more details on what kind of capabilities your
adapter has.
 Software version This is the version of macOS or OS X you are running. Both the
name (Lion) and the version number (10.7) will be displayed.
3.

3
Check your free hard disk space. Click the Storage tab at the top of the About This Mac
window. Your hard drives will be listed, along with the space that you are using and the
amount of space you have remaining.
3
Linux
1.

1
Open your distributions graphical system monitor. Most modern Linux distributions
have a graphical interface that can display your system specifications much like Windows.
For example, the program is called System Monitor in Ubuntu. Programs such as these will
display:[2]
Operating system Your operating system (Ubuntu) and version number will be
shown at the top.
Memory This is the amount of RAM you have installed on your system. More
RAM means your ability to run multiple programs is increased.
 Processor This is the CPU you have installed. If there are multiple identical
processors listed, each one represents one of the cores on your processor. Do a web
search for your processor model to see detailed specs.
Available space This is the amount of free space you have on your hard drive.
2.

2
Download a more detailed program. You can get programs that give you much more
details about all of your installed hardware. These are typically available from your
distributions repository. For example, on Ubuntu you can install a program called HardInfo.
3.

3
Use the terminal. As with virtually everything on Linux, you can check the specs of your
computer from the terminal. There are several ways you can go about this, and they are
similar for virtually all Linux distributions.
The folder/proc/ contains information about your system setup. Each aspect of the
system has a separate file. Use the cat command to read the files you need. The
most useful ones include:
cat /proc/cpuinfo - This will show you information about your
installed processor.
cat /proc/meminfo - This will show information on your installed
RAM.
 cat /proc/partitions - This will show information on your hard disk
partitions.
Use lshw to display your system specs. You may need to install it before you can use
it. To install lshw, use the following command: sudo apt-get install lshw.
Run lshw by typing sudo lshw to display a full list of your hardware, or sudo
lshw -short for a brief list.[3]

Laptop specifications
Once you figure out which category of laptop best suits your needs, it's time to examine the
specifications. You'll have to choose from among a host of options for the processor, RAM,
graphics, display, and other features. Deciding what you need and what you can live without is
difficult, but it's essential to selecting a laptop you love at a price you can afford. If you don't
understand the specs, you could save money but miss out on the features and performance you
require, or you could spend too much for things you don't really need.

CPU
The CPU is the heart of any computer, and is responsible for running the operating system and
every application you use. A speedier CPU means faster-running programs, but usually it also
means lower battery life and a more expensive laptop. Nearly every laptop has a CPU from AMD or
Intel.
If you're buying a netbook, you're bound to find that it uses an Intel Atom processor. You won't
encounter a particularly noticeable difference in performance between the Atom chips you find on
modern systems, but the newer N450 Atom processors do offer slightly better battery life.
[ Further reading: Our picks for best PC laptops ]
Ultraportable PCs generally use low-voltage AMD or Intel processors. These chips are usually dual-
core CPUs that are quite similar to the regular notebook CPUs found in larger laptops but run at
much lower clock speeds (1.2GHz instead of 2.1GHz, for example). Lots of processors--too many
to list here--are available in this group, but when you're shopping, you can follow a few general
rules: More cache is preferable, and higher clock speeds are better but will drain the battery a little
faster. AMD's CPUs are a bit slower than Intel's, but are priced to move. Note, too, that some
ultraportables don't use low-voltage CPUs, and are considerably faster (but have shorter battery life)
than those that do.
All-purpose and desktop-replacement laptops offer both dual-core and quad-core CPUs in a range
of speeds. Intel's Core i3 and Core i5 CPUs are excellent for most users; only people who truly need
a quad-core CPU (for encoding video, playing games, or running engineering applications, for
example) need to look for a quad-core Core i7 processor. Again, more cache and higher clock
speeds are better, but any CPU over 2.0GHz is fast enough to handle all the basic stuff, like playing
music, surfing the Web and playing Web games, displaying online video, and managing e-mail.
You'll still find many laptops on sale with Core 2 Duo CPUs, which are the previous generation of
dual-core chips from Intel. These models are perfectly fine for most tasks--just avoid the ones with
low clock speeds and small caches (1MB or 2MB), if you can. Be wary of cheap laptops bearing
Intel Celeron or Pentium CPUs, or those that carry AMD Sempron CPUs; these processors help
laptop manufacturers keep prices low, but they do so at the expense of performance.

Graphics
The GPU (graphics processing unit) in a computer is useful for more than just playing games. This
bit of silicon is ultimately responsible for everything you see on screen, from 3D games to the basic
desktop. Perhaps more important for some people, many GPUs can accelerate video decoding: With
the latest version of Adobe Flash and the right GPU, Web videos from Hulu or YouTube will run
more smoothly and look better (especially if you have a netbook or an ultraportable laptop with a
weaker CPU).
Most laptops are available with a choice between integrated graphics (from Intel or AMD) or a
discrete GPU (from nVidia or ATI, the graphics division of AMD). Integrated graphics are built into
either the system chipset (the "traffic cop" that controls the flow of data in the system) or, in newer
systems, the CPU itself. They share the main system memory with the CPU. Discrete GPUs are
individual chips that are dedicated solely to graphics and have their own pool of memory, which
results in far better performance.
Integrated GPUs from Intel are generally quite poor: They don't run 3D games well, and their video
decoding is lackluster. The GPUs built into the new Core i5 CPUs are much better than previous
integrated graphics, but still not as good as ATI or nVidia dedicated graphics. If you want to play
games other than the occasional Web-based diversion, you probably want discrete graphics. You'll
find lots of graphics chips to choose from, but in general the 5000 series from ATI is faster than the
comparable 4000-series models, and the 300 series from nVidia is faster than the comparable 200
series. Within each series, the more expensive models are speedier: ATI's Mobility Radeon HD
5850 is faster than the Mobility Radeon 5650, and nVidia's GeForce 330M is faster than the
GeForce 310M, for example.
Information retrieval
Cross-language information retrieval (CLIR) is a subfield of information retrieval dealing with
retrieving information written in a language different from the language of the user's query.[1] For
example, a user may pose their query in English but retrieve relevant documents written in French.
To do so, most CLIR systems use translation techniques.[2] CLIR techniques can be classified into
different categories based on different translation resources:[3]
Dictionary-based CLIR techniques
Parallel corpora based CLIR techniques
Comparable corpora based CLIR techniques
Machine translator based CLIR techniques

CLIR systems have improved so much that the most accurate CLIR systems today are nearly as
effective as monolingual systems.[4]
The first workshop on CLIR was held in Zrich during the SIGIR-96 conference.[5] Workshops
have been held yearly since 2000 at the meetings of the Cross Language Evaluation Forum (CLEF).
Researchers also convene at the annual Text Retrieval Conference (TREC) to discuss their findings
regarding different systems and methods of information retrieval, and the conference has served as
a point of reference for the CLIR subfield.[6]
The term "cross-language information retrieval" has many synonyms, of which the following are
perhaps the most frequent: cross-lingual information retrieval, translingual information retrieval,
multilingual information retrieval. The term "multilingual information retrieval" refers to CLIR in
general, but it also has a specific meaning of cross-language information retrieval where a
document collection is multilingual.
Google Search had a cross-language search feature that was removed in 2013.[7]
Cross-language information retrieval (CLIR) is a subfield of information retrieval dealing with
retrieving information written in a language different from the language of the user's query.[1] For
example, a user may pose their query in English but retrieve relevant documents written in French.
To do so, most CLIR systems use translation techniques.[2] CLIR techniques can be classified into
different categories based on different translation resources:[3]
Dictionary-based CLIR techniques
Parallel corpora based CLIR techniques
Comparable corpora based CLIR techniques
Machine translator based CLIR techniques

CLIR systems have improved so much that the most accurate CLIR systems today are nearly as
effective as monolingual systems.[4]
The first workshop on CLIR was held in Zrich during the SIGIR-96 conference.[5] Workshops
have been held yearly since 2000 at the meetings of the Cross Language Evaluation Forum (CLEF).
Researchers also convene at the annual Text Retrieval Conference (TREC) to discuss their findings
regarding different systems and methods of information retrieval, and the conference has served as
a point of reference for the CLIR subfield.[6]
The term "cross-language information retrieval" has many synonyms, of which the following are
perhaps the most frequent: cross-lingual information retrieval, translingual information retrieval,
multilingual information retrieval. The term "multilingual information retrieval" refers to CLIR in
general, but it also has a specific meaning of cross-language information retrieval where a
document collection is multilingual.
Google Search had a cross-language search feature that was removed in 2013.[7]
[
First International Conference
on Language Resources & Evaluation
, Granada, Spain, 28-30 May 1998]
Problems and Techniques of Cross Language
Information Retrieval
Gregory Grefenstette
Xerox Research Centre Europe
6 chemin de Maupertuis
38240 Meylan, FRANCE
[[email protected]]
Abstract
Cross Language Information
Retrieval concerns the
problem of finding foreign la
nguage documents after using
your own native language to write your information request.
It supposes that documents are indexed in their original
language, and that you do not have the possibility to
translate all the documents into
your native language but
must work with these indexes. We present here a short
overview of the particular problems caused by this situation
and some techniques that have
been proposed to attack it
Introduction
Cross Language Information Retrieval (CLIR) covers
the research and techniques for finding documents
that are written and indexed in a foreign language
using a native language query to express the
information request. It involves elements of Machine
Translation (MT): finding possible translations of the
words and terms appearing in the original request;
and elements of Information Retrieval: how words
should be normalized in order to match stored
indexes, how terms should be weighted in a query. It
also involves novel elemen
ts such as automatically
identifying the language of a document given its text
(so that same language documents can be indexed
together), and deciding how many of the translations
found for each query term should be retained.
Cross Language Information Retrieval (Grefenstette,
1998) is both easier and harder than Machine
Translation. It is easier
because Machine Translation
systems must both (1) chose only one translation
alternative for each
input term, and (2) produce a
syntactically correct output
for each input sentence;
information retrieval systems, on the other hand,
function using a
bag of words
technique
1
: the words in
a query do not have be in any syntactic order, and the
more words in the query, the better the result. A CLIR
system producing a foreign language query from a
native language query then does not have to produce
syntactically correct output in the target language,
and can retain more than one translation alternative
for each original query term.
At the same time, CLIR is harder than MT since MT
systems (Hauenschild & Heizmann, 1997) have been
1
Classical information retrieval systems consider both
documents and queries as simple bags of words, and try to
match up bags which have the most similar items.
most successful when they ar
e designed for restricted
domains. Information retr
ieval (Frakes & Baeza-
Yates, 1992), on the other hand, has always
concentrated on domain independent techniques,
employing techniques that are meant to be applicable
to any text type or subject. Cross Language
Information Retrieval methods, then, are not limited
to certain domains and
need a treatment of
vocabulary that is much mo
re robust than machine
translation.
Language Identification
The WWW, with all its chaotic and rapid
development and all its different language documents
that have suddenly become freely available to anyone
with a computer and modem, has been the stimulus
for CLIR. The Web can be seen a large multilingual
distributed database. Given a large database with
many different languages in it, from a text indexing
point of view, one should be able to identify the
language of a document before it is indexed, since the
index terms usually undergo some type of
morphological normalisation before they indexed.
When one searches for
dogs,
one wants to find
documents with
dog,
too. Though this is rarely the
case with current Web browse
rs, both techniques for
identifying languages (Grefenstette, 1995) and tools
for normalizing identified text (Grefenstette &
Segond, 1997) exist
2
. CLIR techniques usually
suppose that the document collection has been
partitioned and indexed in separate languages.
The Three Problems of CLIR
After the problems of language identification are
resolved, there are three new problems that a CLIR
must.solve in order to use a query written in one
language to find documents written in another. First,
it must know how a term given in one language might
be written in the target language. What are the
possible translations of each original query term?
Secondly, it must decide how many of the possible
2
For example, Altavista identifies the language of
documents, but performs no normalisation of its index
terms.
523
translation alternatives should be kept. Can we
eliminate some of the translation possibilities? And
third, it must deal with the problem caused by
retaining more than one translation probability
because information retrieval
systems, in their bag of
words approach, will give more importance to a term
that contributes many query alternatives than to a term
than contributes only one translation.
Finding translations
There are two solutions to finding translation terms:
One involves using a bilingual dictionary which lists
the possible translation terms (Hull & Grefenstette,
1996). Another involves using parallel corpora of text
(Sheridan & Ballerini, 1996; Landauer
et al
1990)
Accessing dictionaries
3
gives rise to a number of
subsidiary problems: spelling variants, derivational
variants, coverage of vocabulary, treatment of proper
names. In the case of using parallel corpora, the
dictionary problem can be avoided in the following
way. The original language query can be posed on
original language documents, and relevant documents
retrieved. The parallel, target language documents
corresponding to the results of this first retrieval can
be collated into one huge bag of target language
words that can serve as new target language query
without using an explicit translation dictionary.
Pruning Translation Alternatives
Once target language terms are found using a method
such as the above, it is sometimes useful to eliminate
some translations which would introduce noise into
the query. For example, among the translations
returned the French
voiture
in a common bilingual
dictionary, we find archaic translations such
carriage.
It is possible to leave such words in place if
one knows ahead of time that the corpus itself will act
as a filter (Fluhr et al., 1998) since the odd translations
will never appear in the target corpus. More elaborate
techniques (Davis, 1998) involve using again a parallel
corpus to do a first query using the original language
query on original language documents, and then
using the parallel target language documents to filter
out query alternatives, only keeping those alternatives
that appear in the highly ranked parallel target
language documents. The retained translation terms
then serve to create a new
target language query on a
new, unseen and monolingual, target language
database.
Weighting Translation Alternatives
3
Multilingual dictionary resour
ces themselves are difficult
to find, though some organisations, such as the ELRA, are
making them more easily available to the research and
industrial community.
When more than one translation alternative is retained
for an original term, the IR system that will treat the
target language query must account for this
reduplication. Hull (1998) proposes a weighted
Boolean retrieval technique that answers this problem.
Conclusion
We have briefly sketched
some of the important and
unique problems that CLIR poses, being at the cross
roads of both MT and IR. This is a new area of
research made pertinent by the appearance of the
inherently multilingual World-Wide Web.
References
Davis, M. (1998) "On th
e Effective use of Large
Parallel Corpora in CLIR" in Grefenstette (ed)
Cross Language Information Retrieval
, pp. 11-21
Frakes, W. & Baeza-Yates, R. (1992)
Information
Retrieval: Data Structures and Algorithms.
New
Jersey: Prentice Hall.
Fluhr, C., Schmit, D., Ortet,
P., Elkateb, F. Gurtner,
K. & Radwan, K. (1998) "Distributed Cross
Lingual Information Retrieval" in Grefenstette (ed)
Cross Language Information Retrieval,
pp.41-50
Grefenstette, G. (1995) "Comparing Two Language
Identification Schemes" in
Proceedings of the 3rd
International Conference on the Statistical Analysis
of Textual Data
Dec 11-13, Rome: JADT'95
Grefenstette, G.& Segond
, F.(1997). "Multilingual
Natural Language Processing" in
International
Journal of Corpus Linguistics,
2(1). John Benjamin
Publishers
Grefenstette, G. Hull, D. A., Gaussier, E. &. Schulze,
B. M. (1997) "Xerox TREC-6 Site Report: Cross
Language Text Retrieval"
TREC-6 Conference
Working Notes,
INSTN, Gaithersburg, MD.
Hull D. "A weighted Boolean Model for CLIR" in.
Grefenstette, ed.
Cross Language Information
Retrieval Boston,
:Kluwer Academic p. 119-135.
Hauenschild, C. & Heizmann, S., editors (1997).
Machine Translation and Translation Theory
Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
Hull, D. & Grefenstette,
G.(1996). "Querying across
languages: A dictionary-based approach to
multilingual information retrieval" In
SIGIR
Proceedings,
Zurich, Switzerland, ETH.
Landauer, T.K. & Littman,
L.M. "Fully Automatic
Cross-Language Document Retrieval Using Latent
Semantic Indexing" in 6
th
Conference of the
University of Waterloo Centre for the New Oxford
Dictionary and Text Research,
Waterloo. pp 31-38.
Sheridan, P. & Ballerini, J.P. ( 1996) "Experiments in
Multilingual Information Retrieval using the
SPIDER system" in
SIGIR'96,
Zurich, pp. 58-65.
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