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Pneumatics

This document discusses pneumatic control systems. It outlines 12 advantages of using compressed air systems, including that they are clean, lightweight, fully adjustable, and economical. It also notes 3 disadvantages, such as difficulty controlling speed and position. The document concludes by explaining applications of pneumatic systems in manufacturing industries like tire factories, describing common system components like compressors, receivers, filters, and piping.

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715 views5 pages

Pneumatics

This document discusses pneumatic control systems. It outlines 12 advantages of using compressed air systems, including that they are clean, lightweight, fully adjustable, and economical. It also notes 3 disadvantages, such as difficulty controlling speed and position. The document concludes by explaining applications of pneumatic systems in manufacturing industries like tire factories, describing common system components like compressors, receivers, filters, and piping.

Uploaded by

neo
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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EE 322

PNEUMATIC CONTROL SYSTEMS


`

INSTRUCTED BY: Mr. NAME : Jayawardene C.D.R.J.


INDEX NO : 050187v
FIELD : EE
DATE OF PER : 29/05/2007
DATE OF SUB : 12/06/2007
DISCUSSION

Advantages using compressed air in controlled system

1. Clean and Dry


Since air is used as the medium there will no wastage to produce. Therefore it is
said to be clean and dry. Therefore for the industries such as food, leather, textiles
and packing the pneumatic systems would be necessary.

2. Lightweight
Comparing with electrical machines Pneumatic devices are usually much lighter.
This makes a big difference when handling and installing.

Fully adjustable
3.
Force, torque and speeds can be fully adjusted without difficulty by using throttles.

4. Simulating capability
Before install a pneumatic system, by using pneumatic simulating software, it can
be simulated. By that we can adjust the system as we want

Storage capable
5.
Since there is a storage tank in a pneumatic system, the compressor only needs to
work when the pressure drops below a fixed value. And because there is always a
cushion of pressure, a work cycle can be completed even if the power system fails.

6. Availability
Since Air is always available in the atmosphere, it can be collected and released
whenever you want.

Transportability
7.
Compressed air could be transported to long distances in pipelines. That enables the
installation of central generation stations. Those can supply points of consumption
via ring mains with a constant high working pressure.
Simple and understandable
8.
The design and operation of pneumatic equipment is very simple. And the system
can be easily understood comparing with other systems. Pneumatic components are
easy to install and can be re-used later without difficulty. As example Straight-line
movements can be executed without extra mechanical parts such as levers, cams,
eccentric disks, screw spindles.

Safeness
9.
Pneumatic systems runs under great temperature fluctuations and the temperatures
are extreme.Pneumatic devices have long working life hence they can be used for a
long time without any loss.

Economical and rational


10.
Pneumatics is 40 - 50 times more economical than muscle power. This is a major
point, particularly in mechanizations and automation. Pneumatic components are
cheaper than the equivalent hydraulic components.

Overload-proof
11.
Comparing with electrical systems, the output of a pneumatic network can be
overloaded without risk of danger. If the pressure drops too much, the work can not
be done, but there will be no damage to the network or its working elements.

Very fast work medium


12.
Compressed air can achieve flow speeds of over 20 m/s. Hydraulic applications
only manage 5m/s. The pneumatic cylinders reach linear piston speeds of 15 m/s.
Maximum control speeds in signal processing lie between 30m/s and 70 m/s at
operating pressures of between 6 and 8bar.

Disadvantages
1. Because air is compressible it is difficult to control speed and the position of Air
compressed actuators compared with electrical and hydraulic actuators.
2. Maintainability -the system should be maintained under proper schedule.
3. Comparing with electrical wires in a electrical system pneumatic system takes
much space.

Applications

Manufacturing industries

Compressed air is probably one of the most versatile operations within the
manufacturing environment such as tire manufacturing. It transcends industries,
operations and applications. Compressed air is used to power tools, move
conveyers, transport products and make process applications possible.
In these industries there are pneumatic circuits installed and generally there
are several types of components in a pneumatic system which can be categorized as
follows…

 Compressors-
Reciprocating, rotary screw, and centrifugal compressors are the most
common types of compressors used.

 Motors or engines-
A motor or engine must provide enough power to start the compressor.

 Receiver tanks-
A receiver tank is a storage tank or accumulator for a compressed air
system

 After-coolers and air dryers-


An after-cooler is a heat exchanger immediately downstream from the
compressor. It reduces the temperature of the compressed air and also
condenses out some of the moisture from the compressed air.

 Filters-
Remove particulate from the system and remove condensed water and
oil from the system.

 Piping distribution system


Transport the air from the supply side of the system to the downstream
equipment and provides limited storage capacity and controls velocity to and
from various process parts of the system.

The following picture shows the installed pneumatic circuit in a tire factory.

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