Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 98 views

    Nsca CPT

    Uploaded by

    Richard Marcus Seigel
    The document summarizes the structure and function of the muscular and neuromuscular systems. It describes the microscopic components of skeletal muscle fibers and the sliding filament theory of muscle contraction. It explains the activation of muscles via motor neurons and the recruitment of different fiber types. The role of proprioception in sensing muscle length and tension is also covered.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Nsca CPT

    Uploaded by

    Richard Marcus Seigel
    98 views4 pages
    The document summarizes the structure and function of the muscular and neuromuscular systems. It describes the microscopic components of skeletal muscle fibers and the sliding filament theory of muscle contraction. It explains the activation of muscles via motor neurons and the recruitment of different fiber types. The role of proprioception in sensing muscle length and tension is also covered.

    Original Description:

    cpt

    Original Title

    NSCA CPT

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    The document summarizes the structure and function of the muscular and neuromuscular systems. It describes the microscopic components of skeletal muscle fibers and the sliding filament theory of muscle contraction. It explains the activation of muscles via motor neurons and the recruitment of different fiber types. The role of proprioception in sensing muscle length and tension is also covered.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    98 views4 pages

    Nsca CPT

    Uploaded by

    Richard Marcus Seigel
    The document summarizes the structure and function of the muscular and neuromuscular systems. It describes the microscopic components of skeletal muscle fibers and the sliding filament theory of muscle contraction. It explains the activation of muscles via motor neurons and the recruitment of different fiber types. The role of proprioception in sensing muscle length and tension is also covered.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 4

    Structure and Function of Body Systems 12/05/2015

    Muscular System

    Macrostructure and Microstructure


    Proximal closer to the trunk
    Distal farther from the trunk
    Superior closer to the head
    Inferior closer to the feet
    Origin of a muscle - defined by its proximal attachment
    Insertion of a muscle - defined by its distal attachment
    Muscle Breakdown (Components)
    Tendon Muscle Belly Perimysium Fasciculus Endomysium
    Sarcolemma Sarcoplasm Myofibril Myofilaments
    Actin(thin) and Myosin(thick)
    Perimysium connective tissue surrounding the muscle fiber
    bundles
    Fasciculus a group of muscle fibers
    Endomysium connective tissue surrounding each muscle fiber
    Sarcolemma membrane between muscle fiber and endomysium
    Sarcoplasm the cytoplasm of the muscle fiber
    Myofibril contain the apparatus that contracts the muscle cells
    Myofilaments
    o Sliding-Filament Theory of Muscular Contraction
    States that the Actin at each end of the sarcomere slide
    inward on myosin filaments, pulling the Z-lines toward
    the center of the sarcomere and thus shortening the
    muscle fiber
    H-zone and I-band shrink when the actin
    filaments slide over the myosin
    Resting Phase
    Little calcium is present so cross bridges are not
    bound to Actin
    Excitation-Contraction Coupling Phase
    Release of calcium ions binds to troponin and
    causes a shift in tropomyosin
    Myosin cross bridge attaches to actin allowing
    flexion to occur
    amount of force produced is directly related
    to amount of cross bridges bound to actin
    at that instant in time
    Contraction Phase
    Energy for CB flexion comes from breakdown of
    ATP (adenosine triphosphate) to ADP (adenosine
    diphosphate) from the catalyst enzyme ATPase
    (myosin adenosine triphosphate)
    ***Calcium and ATP are necessary for
    myosin cross-bridge cycling with actin
    filaments***
    Recharge Phase
    This occurs as long as calcium is available in the
    myofibril and ATP to separate the myosin and
    actin
    Relaxation Phase
    When stimulation of the motor nerve stops and
    myosin and actin filaments are in their unbound
    state
    o Actin(thin) two strands in a double helix
    o Myosin(thick)
    Cross bridges - parts of myosin that protrude away
    from the body of the fiber
    Pull on the Actin to contract muscle
    o A-Band - alignment of myosin fibers
    o I-band alignment of actin fibers
    o Z-line middle of the i-band
    o H-zone center of sarcomere where only myosin fibers exist

    Neuromuscular System

    Activation of Muscles
    When a motor neuron fires an impulse, all of the fibers that it
    serves are simultaneously activate and develop force
    *Less muscle fibers = more precise movements*
    All or None Principle every fiber that is touched by a neuron is
    activated, a stronger impulse cannot produce a stronger contraction
    o Like firing a gun
    Once a significant amount of pressure is applied to a
    trigger, the gun fires squeezing the trigger harder
    will not cause the bullet to go faster
    Twitch the brief contraction of a muscle fiber
    Tetanus when two twitches are delivered at such a high
    frequency they begin to merge and eventually fuse
    Muscle Fiber Types
    Slow-twitch - force an relax slowly; long twitch develop time
    o Type I
    Usually fatigue resistant
    High aerobic energy supply
    Fast-twitch develop force and relax quickly; short twitch time
    o
    fatigable with low aerobic power
    rapid force development
    o Type IIa
    Greater capacity for aerobic metabolism
    More capillaries
    Greater resistance to fatigue than b
    o Type IIb(x) -
    Motor Neuron Recruitment
    If motor neuron is recruited once, does not produce great force
    If frequency is increased and twitches overlap, force increases
    greatly
    Different motor neurons called upon in different activities
    o Jog slow twitch
    o Power clean fast twitch
    Preloading
    Activation of muscle fibers before weighted resistance in range of
    motion occurs
    Proprioception
    Proprioceptors - specialized sensory receptors located in joints,
    muscles, and tendons
    o Sensitive to pressure and tension
    Relay muscle dynamic info to the conscious and
    subconscious of CNS
    o Muscle Spindles proprioceptors that consist several
    modified muscle fibers enclosed in sheath of connective tissue
    Provide info such as muscle length and rate of change
    in length
    Muscle lengthens = spindle stretched
    Activates sensory neurons to spinal cord where it
    connects with motor neurons
    Spindles indicate degree of muscle activation to
    overcome a resistance
    o Golgi Tendon Organs proprioceptors located in tendons
    attached end to end with muscle fibers
    Activated when the tendon attached to active muscle is
    stretched
    tension increased = discharge of GTO increases
    Cardiovascular System
    Heart
    o Right Side pumps blood through the lungs
    o Left Side pumps blood through the rest of the body

    You might also like