Volume 2, Issue 5, May 2017 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology

ISSN No: - 2456 - 2165

Modification and Development of Work Holding

Device (Steady-Rest)
Nairutya Dave Hetul Dave Prof. kalpesh parekh
Department of Mechanical engineering Department of Mechanical Department of Mechanical
Institute of Technology & engineering engineering
Management Universe Institute of Technology & Institute of Technology &
Vadodara,India Management Universe Management Universe
[email protected] Vadodara,India Vadodara,India
[email protected] [email protected]

Desai Dhrumil Jadhav Deepak

Department of Mechanical engineering Department of Mechanical engineering
Institute of Technology & Management Universe Institute of Technology & Management Universe
Vadodara,India Vadodara,India
[email protected] [email protected]

AbstractSteady rests are additional median, supports, Consequently, different method must be appointed to
used in lathe machine for long willowy work to halt it from support inner surfaces of the job at its free end. When
being bent by the action of the cutting forces. When the executing machining operations on solid bar stock it is
length and stiffness of a work piece make it laborious to
machine without distorting or deflecting the job, many Possible to use the point of conventional dead centering
industrialist turn to the steady rest as a work piece support devices to engross indentations in the end of the job and hold
device. This is mainly veracious for long rod, shafts and it in place.
homogeneous parts used in industries or heavy equipment
demand. Steady rest can be mounted and used to superior With tubular work pieces, however, other techniques must
advantage on most types of lathes for lengths, face and, be appoint. The need to support the inner periphery of a
centering, internal turning, plunge cutting, boring, and tubular job is especially supreme when a lathe is used to make
parting off etc. In this paper the effort is being made to a circumferential cut near the end of the job. One commonly
modify a Steady Rest to reduce the machining time and used support technique for tubular work pieces is to appoint a
setup time in the process. The addition of machining time plug to fill the open end of the tube.
and setup time gives the total machining time of the
process. So, if the set up time will raise, unfortunately total Unfortunately, these techniques take additional time
machining time will increase. To make operations fast and thereby decreasing productivity, not to mention the
accurate there are many attachment used in lathe expenditures required for procuring the different support
machines. To reduce the set up time and increase accuracy devices. The conventional steady rest assembly appoints a
one of the accessories is generally used which is called as hydraulic or pneumatic cylinder connected to the roller arms.
Steady Rest. The cylinder must exert heavy pressure on the roller arms
during machining operations to prevent the part from going off
Keywords- Lathe Machine, Steady Rest, External Element, center. This demand for a constant and large amount of
Pneumatic Cylinder, Control Valve. cylinder pressure is difficult to achieve in an economical
manner.
I. INTRODUCTION
Steady rests have been used for many years in association
with machining operations. They typically appoint three
hydraulically or pneumatically operated roller arms which are
adapted to concentrically support a cylindrical job about its
outer periphery to provide evenly distributed support for it.
The steady rest serves to resist the inclination of the machine
tool to throw the job off center during machining process. Few
times before, known steady rests have been delineation only
for use in contacting the outer periphery of the job.
Fig-1 Convectional Steady Rest.

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Volume 2, Issue 5, May 2017 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No: - 2456 - 2165
II. RELATED WORK rest with the extensive diameter clamping range for machine
tools.
A. Design and Analysis of Self Centering Steady Rest
Turning is a machining process in which a cutting tool F. W. F. Liber
typically a non-rotary tool bit describes a helical tool path by
moving more or less linearly while the work piece rotates. This invention is related to a steady rest, which employs a
This time is termed as Set up time while time required to pair of parallel, sliding, linear moving clamping bars for
remove material is known as machining time. Total moving wear pads or rollers toward a work piece. A steady
machining time is summation of both the setup time and rest of the above nature which will be simple in construction,
machining time. So if the set up time will increase, eventually inexpensive to manufacture, easy to install and manipulate,
total machining time will also increase. compact in appearance, and very efficient and durable in use.

B. FirtzRehm
G. Xue-Song Wang, Yu-Hu Cheng, Guang-Zheng Peng
A steady rest for the clamping of round shaped work
pieces the steady rest including three holding elements This paper presents a dynamic model and a design
including two outer holding elements adapted to be swiveled method for an accurate self-tuning pressure regulator for
about a pin mounted in a housing and a middle holding pneumatic-pressureload systems that have some special
element is adapted to be adjusted axially and in which the characteristics such as being nonlinear and time-varying. A
coolant or lubricant can be carried away to a work piece by mathematical model is derived, which consists of a chamber
means of ducts in the housing and through the middle holding continuity equation, an orifice flow equation and a force
element of steady rest. balance equation of the spool. Based on a theoretical analysis
of the system dynamics, a three-order controlled auto-
C. Richard J regressive moving average model is used to describe the
practical pressureload systems. Then a linear quadratic
A true centering steady rest for rotating supporting an Gaussian self-tuning pressure regulator is designed to realize
elongated cylindrical work piece for a metal working an adaptive control of pressure in the chamber. Because the
operation on the outer diameter of the work piece, such as a system parameters are time-varying and the system states are
grinding operation. The steady rest includes a housing in difficult to detect, the recursive forgetting factor least-squares
which is slid ably mounted a pusher arm carrying a work piece algorithm and the Kalman filtering method are adopted to
center wear pad. The axis of a rotating work piece may shift in estimate the system parameters and the system states.
a small distance either horizontally or vertically. My prior Experimental results show that the proposed self-tuning
patents disclose means for adjusting the wear pad locations for pressure regulator can be adapted to parameters which vary
a horizontal change in the work piece axis, without adjusting with such factors as the volume of the chamber and the setting
the steady rest housing. A need exists for independently pressure and that better dynamic and static performances can
making either a vertical adjustment or a horizontal adjustment be obtained.
of the wear pads without having to adjust the position of the
entire steady rest. H. Richard J

D. Levi D. Tyson A steady rest having separate adjusting screws for

adjusting the clamping positions of three work piece engaging
This invention relates to improvements in steady rests for rollers either horizontally or vertically. A steady rests is
use with lathes and the like for the purpose of supporting long employed to support a cylindrical workpiece for precision
cylindrical work pieces against deflection from the cutting tool machining or grinding. More specifically it is related to a
pressures. objective of this paper is to provide a steady rest multi-point true centering steady rest having internal cams for
which has greater adjustability for different diameters of work adjusting the center position of a supported rotating work
and which is more quickly and easily operated. piece in both horizontally and vertical.

E. Welin Berger Guy III. STUDIES AND FINDINGS

A. pneumatic system:
A self-centering steady rest with extensive diameter
clamping range for centering cylindrical work pieces on A pneumatic system is a composition that utilizations
machine tools using a constant linear displacement clamping packed air to transmit and control vitality. Pneumatic
force. The steady rest includes two pivoting levers arranged compositions are exploit as a part of controlling train
symmetrically about a linearly displaceable slide with the entryways, programmed generation lines, mechanical cinches,
levers being swing able from their starting position. Providing and so forth. Pneumatic composition exploit broadly as a part
the ranges within which the diameter of a work piece can lie to of industry are usually fueled by compacted air or packed idle
obtain an appropriate clamping force .A self-centering steady gasses. A halfway found and electrically fueled compressor

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Volume 2, Issue 5, May 2017 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No: - 2456 - 2165
powers chambers, air engines, and other pneumatic gadgets. A
pneumatic framework controlled through manual or
programmed solenoid valves is chosen when it gives a lower
cost, more adaptable, or more secure contrasting option to
electric and actuators

Main Pneumatic Components: Pneumatic components can be

split into two categories:

Components that induce and transport compressed air.

Components that absorb compressed air.
Fig-3 Double acting cylinder
All main pneumatic components can be shown by simple
pneumatic symbols. Each symbol shows only the purpose of
the component it represents but not its structure. Pneumatic
symbols can be combined to form pneumatic illustrations. A
pneumatic diagram narrates the relations between each
pneumatic component, that is, the design of the system.
Pneumatic Components: There may exist apart in appearance
and sizes of pneumatic components produced by different
manufacturers. However, the functions and operating methods
among these components are similar. The following are the
image and cross section diagrams of the pneumatic components
made by another manufacturer for your reference. Pneumatic Fig-4 Directional control valve Cross Section
components for the production and transportation of
compressed air are a) Compressor, b) Pressure regulating B. The Prone of Pneumatic Systems:
component. And other component is Connecting pipe. Pneumatic control frameworks are broadly utilized as a
part of our general public, particularly in the mechanical
segments for the driving of programmed machines. Pneumatic
frameworks have a ton of points of interest.

C. High Effectiveness:
Numerous plants have furnished their generation
lines with compacted air supplies and versatile compressors.
There is a boundless supply of air in our climate to deliver
packed air. Also, the utilization of packed air is not confined
by separation, as it can undoubtedly be transported through
funnels. After use, compacted air can be discharged
Fig-1 Compressor Pneumatic symbol straightforwardly into the air without the need of handling.

D. High Durability and Reliability:

Pneumatic segments are to a great degree strong and can't
be harmed effortlessly. Contrasted with electromotive parts,
pneumatic segments are more strong and solid.

E. Basic Design:
The outlines of pneumatic segments are moderately
straightforward. They are in this manner more reasonable for
use in basic programmed control frameworks.

F. High Adaptability:
Contrasted with the components of different frameworks,
compacted air is less influenced by high temperature, dust,
erosion, and so forth.

G. Safety:
Pneumatic frameworks are more secure than
Fig-2 Pressure Regulating component electromotive frameworks since they can work in inflammable

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Volume 2, Issue 5, May 2017 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No: - 2456 - 2165
environment without bringing about flame or blast. Aside This helps to get the repeatability and consistency in getting
from that, over-burdening in pneumatic framework will just the centering accuracy. All the three arms are operated by a
prompt sliding or end of operation. Not at all like different operating system that is mechanical operated and
electromotive segments, pneumatic segments don't smolder or hydraulic operated. While studying existing system we found
get overheated when over-burden. limitation that pneumatic system did not adopt yet on steady
rest. Based on the theoretical and analytical result physical
H. Natural Friendly: model has been developed.
The operation of pneumatic frameworks does not create
contaminations. The air discharged is additionally handled in
unique ways. Subsequently, pneumatic frameworks can work V. OBJECTIVE
in situations that interest abnormal state of cleanliness. One
case is the creation lines of incorporated circuits. From the literature review finally, we decided to adopt
pneumatic system and to develop pneumatic operated steady
I. Practical: rest for lathe machine. Furthermore, the objective of our
As pneumatic segments are not costly, the expenses of project is: -
pneumatic frameworks are very low. Additionally, as
pneumatic frameworks are exceptionally tough, the expense of Implementation of Pneumatic System on Steady rest.
repair is essentially lower than that of different frameworks. Holding Capacity of Work piece.
Self-Centering of jaws.
IV. EXISTING SYSTEM Reduced Set up time and Non-productive time.
Above study has given idea in the field of design,
kinematic and dynamics of existing steady rest system. The VI. CALCULATIONS
steady rest consists of 3 arms assembled in a steel body with
rollers at the arms for holding the work piece. The three arms
in a circular movement to hold the center of the work piece.

TABLE 1 CALCULATION

VII. EXPERIMENTAL SETUP

Fig-5 Experimental setup

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Volume 2, Issue 5, May 2017 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No: - 2456 - 2165
[9] U.S. Patent No. 3225631AIssued Dt. 28 Dec 1965 By
Otto Hermann.
[10] U.S. Patent No. 3664216A Issued Dt. 23 May 1972 By
Kladich Joseph.
[11]U.S. Patent No.4416174 Issued Dt. 22 Nov. 1983 By Paul
J.
[12]U.S. Patent No.6896603 Issued Dt. 24 May 2005 By
Richard J.
[13]Angle tracking of a pneumatic muscle actuator mechanism
under varying load conditions by H Yang
[14]Speed tracking control of pneumatic motor servo systems
using observation-based adaptive dynamic sliding-mode
control by Syuan-Yi Chena
[15]Dynamic contraction behaviour of pneumatic artificial
muscle by Dynamic contraction behaviour of pneumatic
artificial muscle by Marc D. Doumit
Fig-6 Modified Pneumatic steady Rest
[16]Pneumatic Valve's Seal Dynamic Load by Salimzhan A.
Gafurova, Vera A. Salminaa
VII. CONCLUSION
[17]Piston position estimation for an electro-pneumatic
Considering design, working and kinematics of steady rest;
actuator at standstill (Frdric Abry)
Objective of the steady rest is achieved by pneumatic [18]Energy optimisation of pneumatic actuator systems in
system. manufacturing Paul Harris, Sean Nolan, Garret E. O'Donnell

All the three arms of steady rest are operating [19]Identification and cascade control of servo-pneumatic
simultaneously hence, self-centering of steady rest is system using Particle Swarm Optimization by Ashraf
achieved. Saleema, Bashar Tahab, Tarek Tutunjic, Ahmad Al-Qaisiab
It is concluded that the clamping time because of [20]Improved tracking and switching performance of an
pneumatic system reduced by 3 to 4 minutes instead electro-pneumatic positioning system by Sean Hodgsona Minh
of manual adjustment, hence non-productive time is Quyen Leb, Mahdi Tavakolia, Minh Tu Phamb
reduced.
[21]Angle tracking of a pneumatic muscle actuator mechanism
under varying load conditions by H Yang
REFERENCES
[22]Speed tracking control of pneumatic motor servo systems
[1] Design and Analysis of Self Centering Steady Rest for using observation-based adaptive dynamic sliding-mode
supercut-6 CNC Turning Machine Using CAD & FEA ISSN control by Syuan-Yi Chena
2321-5747 Issued Dt. 2016. [23]Dynamic contraction behaviour of pneumatic artificial
[2] U.S. Patent No. 8266992 Issued Dt. 18 Sep 2012 muscle by Dynamic contraction behaviour of pneumatic
ByFirtzRehm. artificial muscle by Marc D. Doumit

[3] U.S. Patent No. 4399639 Issued Dt. 26 May 1981 By [24]Pneumatic Valve's Seal Dynamic Load by Salimzhan A.
Richard J. Gafurova, Vera A. Salminaa

[4] U.S. Patent No. 2587929 Issued Dt. 4 March 1952 By Levi [25]Energy optimisation of pneumatic actuator systems in
D. Tyson manufacturing by Paul Harris, Sean Nolan, Garret E.
O'Donnell
[5] U.S. Patent No. 4823657 Issued Dt. 29 Aug. 1986
ByWelin Berger Guy [26]Identification and cascade control of servo-pneumatic
system using Particle Swarm Optimization by Ashraf
[6]U.S. Patent No. 2390888 Issued Dt. 11 Dec 1945By W. F. Saleema,Bashar Tahab,Tarek Tutunjic,Ahmad Al-Qaisiab
Liber
[27]Improved tracking and switching performance of an
[7]U.S. Patent No. 6257972 Issued Dt. 23 Dec 1999By electro-pneumatic positioning system Sean Hodgsona,Minh
Richard J. Quyen Leb,Mahdi Tavakolia,Minh Tu Phamb

[8] U.S. Patent No. 3771392 Issued Dt. 13 Nov. 1973By [28]Gilbert hydraulic and pneumatic engineering by Lynde,
johnson C. Carleton John, b. 1872; Gilbert, Alfred Carlton

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ISSN No: - 2456 - 2165
[29]Pneumatic application and Hydraaulic handbook
[30] Basic Pneumatics;SMC Pneumatics,Inc.1997
[31]A Textbook of Machine Design by R.S Khurmi and J.K
Gupta
[32]"Hydraulic and Pneumatics" by Andrew Parr
[33]An Engineering Analysis of the Pulse Width Modulation
Method of Controlling Output Pressure of a Hydraulic Power
Supply, Jack L. Johnson, PE
[34]Hydraulic System Analysis by George R. Keller, P.E.
[35]Fundamentals of Pneumatic Control Engineering by J.P.
Hasebrink and R. Kobbler

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