Name Practice Exam: Paper 2 Topic 6: Kinetics SL ISL Score 128 IHL Score 162 1, Factors that affect the rate of a chemical reaction include particle size, concentration of reactants and the temperature of the reaction, (i) Define the term rate of a chemical reaction. Fe 14. Cooter Busted ef- rodent per UWL of LTE, on “Wot Be WOLF bir gre. i) List the three characteristic properties of reactant particles which affect the rate of reaction as de- seed by the collision theory. F0gneay F£ ofgiar “£ JOR 2.) Acaeda 2 Colitia 9 ver 2. On the axes below sketch two Maxwell-Boltzmann energy distribution curves for the same sample of gas, eles ny Gree 0g r) ‘one at a temperature 7 and another at a higher temperature T' . Label both axes. Explain why raising the temperature increases the rate of a chemical reaction. BE bighet LEEY2LLLAV ES PIOTE Pebe: br Wil. Seve SufGcvtaz— athveden. eee Ser 5 LACH Lo ene, &) #1, Conctrigazbod of wo e o3. The graph below shows how the volume of carbon dioxide formed varies with time when a hydrochloric acid solution is added to excess calcium carbonate in a flask. 0 Time Spray ack its ok WEY Js whe Axper’ 0 CO, e 76 “oF A tages He ar & PEAK, LS rae produczyez oF Cog Shwe and te cnrve Fy (ui) The experiment is repeated using a sample 2 Seer, acid 7 ‘double the volume, but half the concentration of the original acid. Draw a second line on the graph to represent this change. Explain why the shape of the curve is different. lower concer Les tio, of HEL wil) resusd {16 Slover peL€ of ren cto, “ee wt price the Sarre yohure of Coz 4 gurbt «, sf 4. The Haber process enables the large-scale production of aman fade, to Chace izers. Ve hoy . ‘The equation for the Haber process is given below. Nig) + 3H) 2H) J HEE Lx The percentage of ammonia in the equilibrium mixture varies with temperature. } 2 Temperature (i) Use the graph to deduce whether the forward oy is ony ‘or endothermic and ee your Exo therret ; As uh ® JACESES the re we of OCLedugion — 2 Nh, decreases,5. (b) Explain why the rate of a react (4 cont.) (ii) State and explain the effect of increasing the pressure on the yield of ammonia, uke Cppeasins reseed... Feuons the. C6lreg Wilh ‘oud rrefes of gastous Prodluck fo Lee pache? bitte fo Lr @ (iii) Explain the effect of increasing the temperature on the rate of reaction. Tpeneniie Leqwudne both increases the urd ber of Coffe: ACLeVLbrz energy (4). wperunt hme! (a) Asolution of hydrogen peroxide, HO, is added to a solution of sodium iodide, Nal, acidified with c Cobetph and Lhe qwibheyr raleculel Wr fhecc hydrochloric acid, HCI. The yellow colour of the iodine, Is, can be used to determine the rate of reac- tion, H,0,(aq) + 2Nal(aq) + 2HCI(aq) + 2NaCikag) + Ix(aq) +2H,0() The experiment is repeated with some changes to the reaction conditions. For each of the changes that follow, predict, stating a reason, its effect on the rate of reaction. (i) The concentration of HyOp is increased at constant temperature. @Q Pete jatreases clue fo a greeter nunber of 4d, reeleoules, pesuléiing in pron Colptvoap PE UBt of Gre, (ii) The solution of Nal is prepared from a fine powder instead of large crystals. Ne effect. Soli! WZ 16 Gok... nen erly A ageeous Softee of MZ. increases when the temperature of the system increases (eo Attu ap BY (it) above ) ° @HL Hydrogen and nitrogen(II) oxide react according to the following equation. 2E,(g) + 2NO(@) S Nale) + 212018) At time =r seconds, the rate ofthe reaction is: rate = &(Hs](NO}? (Explain precisely what the square brackets around nitrogen( Il) oxide, mes in this context. EERE AEE OE (ii) Desens forthe icant z ¢ -2-) Pre, wate... ht esr ) re) 6 =| 2 ml = ef iS dg: (AA cocumoncrnnen ABR ILE td » 2. Nitrogen monoxide reacts at 1280 °C with hydrogen to form nitrogen and water. All reactants and products are in the gaseous phase a (i) The kinetics of the reaction were studied at this temperature. The table shows the initial rate of reaction for different concentrations of each reactant. 5 [NO@” T@! Tnitial rate, a experiment mot dm? x10? | moldm?x 10 | mol dm sf 1 5.00 2.00 1.25 2 10.00 2.00 5.00 3 10.00 4.00 10.00 Deduce the order of the reaction with respect to NO and Hp, and explain your reasoning. 7, porn exopirteage pand2 «Z£ conreeat [hr oo rote goednopler wWhia [We dent Jer? rheefore Sktond ord With respat fo No. nrrtaZp T47td3 at cog tenet [. wo) Se SE OG, when lie) 8 god ee 7h Ti) Deduce the ate expression forthe reaction. ALE SEeee pede = KIO] LP.) " Gi) eee ho come, re on Experiment 3 and state its units. ye ja le = eee $0 Ser i= jay] TR oe a ars =e ~ |4‘The gas-phase decomposition of dinitrogen monoxide is considered to occur in two steps. Step 1: NzO(@) —— No(e) + O(8) Step 2; NzO(g) + O(g) ——> Nig) + Ox(8) The experimental rate expression for this reaction is rate = k [N30] (i) Identify the rate-determining step. Stee | (uarrlinte ’) o) (i) dnt the intermedi involved in te restion 26) ® ‘The conversion of CHsNC into CHsCN is an exothermic reaction which can be represented as follows. (CHy-N=C ——+ transition state ——> CHy This reaction was carried out at different temperatures and a value of the rate constant, k was obtained for ‘each temperature. A graph of In k against 1/T'is shown below. 0.0018 0.0019 0.0020 0.0021 0.0022 9 : -10 ae =u Vr) (i) Define the term activation energy, Ex. Piiniomes Ener neck! ger « CCEA (i) Describe qualitatively the relationship between the rate constant, k, and the temperature, 7. Bs Lhe terypenture incresses, Che pete Loasfett-(k) it chases (eyernetisty ) a(4cont) iii) Construct the enthalpy level diagram and label the activation energy, E,, the enthalpy change, AH, and the position ofthe anstion stat. Tregsitieg s gd gre @ (iv) Calculate the activation energy, Z,, for the reaction yusing Table | of the Data Booklet, Foon the ort, fot n- Fa - nae shpelr)= - “a - + Ep= rth ae btiitoarmy 1 =-(420EI/ / = epgrnv¥e® = 11h 4d proj Consider the following reaction studied at 263 K. Ce 2NO(g) + Ch(g) = 2NOCI(g) Tt.was found that the forward reaction is first order with respect to Clz and second order with respect to NO. The reverse reaction is second order with respect to NOC. Acte= ALE] [Ch] ° ii) Predict the effect on the rate of the forward reactior(@hon the rate constant if the concentration of NO is halved, fe will decrease by “a feokr of @ The ret cont feak Will (ubex(4 Jee. ) tot ge «Phecbed.(S cont.) (iil) 1.0 mol of Ch, and 1.0 mol of NO are mixed in a closed container at constant temperature. Sketch a graph to show how the concentration of NO and NOCI change with time until after equilibrium has been reached. Identify the point on the graph where equilibrium is established. bien nt “ 6. Consider the following reaction. NOx(g) + CO(g) — NO(g) + CO2(g) Possible reaction mechanisms are: Above 775K: NO; +CO— NO + CO, slow Below 775K: 2NO;—» NO+NOj slow NO3+CO—NO;+CO, fast Based on the mechanisms, deduce the rate expressions above and below 775 K. Bbwe 77S: refe=k[weYo] Beh 77: M4LE= A [oe] a 7. State two situations when the rate of a chemical reaction is equal to the rate constant. ") Ze ever recchug 2) BI! Concen Ly Looag = J r00o/ det? ® v-)1 Consider the following graph of In k against 7 for the first order decomposition of NOs into NO». Deter- imine the activation energy in kJ mot for this reaction, 934—+-_ + 4 $j -¥ GY-972) ng g70 me Foe 3.65-3-S2)x0 6OP kK E27 mf =- Laer 8-8) = ‘a 55-400 Yon =)SE 7k ofr) |