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SCM Overview

Software configuration management (SCM) involves managing changes to documents, programs, files, and other artifacts throughout a project's development lifecycle. Key goals of SCM include tracking changes, maintaining versions, and recovering previous versions. SCM tools help manage source code as well as other project artifacts like documentation. Centralized SCM tools require changes to pass through a central server, while distributed SCM allows local clones and decentralized change management. Common SCM concepts include repositories, working copies, checkouts, commits, branches, and merges.

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68 views39 pages

SCM Overview

Software configuration management (SCM) involves managing changes to documents, programs, files, and other artifacts throughout a project's development lifecycle. Key goals of SCM include tracking changes, maintaining versions, and recovering previous versions. SCM tools help manage source code as well as other project artifacts like documentation. Centralized SCM tools require changes to pass through a central server, while distributed SCM allows local clones and decentralized change management. Common SCM concepts include repositories, working copies, checkouts, commits, branches, and merges.

Uploaded by

John Waes
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Software Configuration

Management
Slides derived from Dr.
Sara Stoecklins notes
and various web
sources.
What is SCM?
SCM goals

Manage the changes to documents,


programs, files, etc.

Track history

Identify person responsible for each


change, and reasons

Recover (roll back to) previous versions as


necessary

Maintain sets of compatible versions of


files (configurations)
Several related concepts & terms

Source code vs. configuration management


both called SCM

Revision control version control

Web content management

Work flows
Definition according to Wiki
Configuration management is the management of
features and assurances through control of
changes made to hardware, software,
firmware, documentation, test, test fixtures
and test documentation of an system,
throughout the development and operational
life of a system.

Source Code Management or revision control is


part of this.
Definition According to Dennis

Configuration and change management is


the tracking of the state of the
artifacts (hardware, software,
firmware, documentation, test, test
fixtures and test documentation of an
system) throughout the development of
a system.
Configuration Management
Defined
The management and control of all any
changes made to any and all features of
the software development activity. This
includes hardware, software,
documentation, and firmware.

Configuration management can be done with


a tool. These tools range in price from
$0 to $400,000. It depends on how many
features you wish to manage and how well
you want to manage them.
Why do we care?
Remember Apollo 13.
If a change needs to be made to ANY artifact
then when you put them all together again
you had better make it right. Suppose you
have a programming error and need to change
it, recompile and use that software.
What version of the hardware did you use for
the original? What version of the OS, DB,
compiler? What version of the file
management software? All that should be
the same to recompile. So we must manage.
Why do we care?

Suppose we change requirements and get


a new use case diagram. Do other things
have to change? Will we have more
actors, attributes, screen?. So even
when the documentation of the system
changes as it evolves, we must track
that, too.
What are the artifacts?
Hardware ANY hardware that is used by the
system.
Software system software (OS, DB, Compiler,
etc), supporting software (sorters, mergers,
utilities), application software (you wrote or
you use).
Firmware ANY firmware used by the system.
Documentation deliverables for development,
documentation maintained for the operation
of the system, etc.
Configuration Management
Includes
Change management - of changes to the
specifications of a potential software system
Documentation management of all documentation
including defects, specification, testing,
purchasing, emails, memos, agendasevery single
documentation detail
Hardware/firmware configuration management - of
all the hardware and firmware.
Source code management of changes to the source
code including the application code, operating
system, compilers, utilities, database
management system, communication system,
middleware, etc.
Configuration Management
Standards
e.g.

IEEE Std. 828-1998 IEEE Standard for Software Configuration


Management Plans

ANSI/EIA-649-1998 National Consensus Standard for


Configuration Management

MIL-STD-973 Military Standard for Configuration


Management[1] (cancelled, but still good reference)

GEIA Standard 836-2002 Configuration Management Data


Exchange and Interoperability
Source Code Management

One of the important parts of
configuration management

For any development project you need
to have a SCM plan

SCM is closely connected with team
workflow
Workflow defines how SCM is done
How tools are used
Complicating factors for SCM

Multiple versions

Multiple branches (e.g., development, bug


fix, old releases)

Multiple authors

Concurrent activities

Geographical distribution

Disk crashes, human errors


SCM Model Differences

Centralized vs. Distributed

Pushed vs. pulled updates

Handling of concurrent updates


Atomic commit operations (transactions)
File locking
Version merging
There are many SCM tools

RCS

CVS

Subversion (svn)

Git

Mercurial (hg)

Bazaar (bzr)

many more
Key terms and concepts

File vs. configuration

Version/revision numbers

Timestamps

Releases

Repository

Working copy, or sandbox

Baseline/trunk/mainline/master

Branches/forks
More terms and concepts

Checkout has multiple meanings


Get local working copy (or make it visible?)
Locked, or not?
Configuration versus file

Export/import

Commit

Conflict (superficial, or deep)

Merge
Centralized vs. distributed
SCM models
Centralized SCM

Operations require server


single point of failure
http://edgyu.excess.org/git-tutorial/2008-07-09/intro-to-git.pdf
Decentralized SCM

Anyone can be a server

http://edgyu.excess.org/git-tutorial/2008-07-09/intro-to-git.pdf
How decentralized SCM
works.
Start with a global repository
Clone it
Can make cheap local clones via
links

http://edgyu.excess.org/git-tutorial/2008-07-09/intro-to-git.pdf
Changes can be pushed back
upstream

http://edgyu.excess.org/git-tutorial/2008-07-09/intro-to-git.pdf
published to web

http://edgyu.excess.org/git-tutorial/2008-07-09/intro-to-git.pdf
or shared with trusted peers

http://edgyu.excess.org/git-tutorial/2008-07-09/intro-to-git.pdf
Benefits of decentralization

Non-intrusive micro-commits

Detached operation (off net)

No single point of failure

Backups are trivial

Very flexible

... ?
Problems with decentralization

No locking

No single authoritative version

Relies on clock synchronization

Requires greater discipline, imposed by


team workflow rules
Example workflow models

Suitable for use with


Git or other
distributed SCM tool.
Agile workflow

All developers are equal, all push changes to same repository.


Repository is always up to date with the current wave front.

tp://progit.org/book/ch5-1.html
UML Sequence Diagram
for an Agile team.
Agile workflow

http://nvie.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/12/Screen-shot-2009-12-24-at-11.32.03.png
Managed repository

Only one person can push changes to the blessed repository.


Means
. less chance for accidents, but we now have a bottleneck.

tp://progit.org/book/ch5-1.htm
An alternate way of sharing a repository, using branches.

http://agentdero.cachefly.net/unethicalblogger.com/images/basic_slide_workflow.png
Linux-like hierarchical model

https://codebeamer.com/cb/displayDocument/workflow-c.png?object_comment_id
=529&history=false&notification=false
Android Git Workflow
http://source.android.com
/submit-patches/workflow

Two kinds of review, verification by multiple


testers before admission to repository.
In this course


If you use an IDE such as VB Studio or Eclipse
then you can use a SCM plug-in
Several are available.

However, if you are not using an IDE you will need
to use command-line operations, scripts, or a
separate GUI tool for version control.

For Spring 2010 we will use Git.
So, you will need to learn it.
During your career you will probably need to
learn and use several others.

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