International Journal of Engineering and Technical Research (IJETR)

ISSN: 2321-0869 (O) 2454-4698 (P), Volume-5, Issue-1, May 2016

BER Performance of MC-CDMA Using with MSK

Modulation on AWGN and Rayleigh Channel
Rohit Panwar, Sarvda Chauhan

Abstract Multi-carrier code division multiple access

II. THE SYSTEM MODEL
(MC-CDMA) is method for high speed data rate
communication. It skip the problem of inter symbol A.MCCDMA Transmitter Model
interference.MC-CDMA too provide spatial diversity, which
MC-CDMA transmitter is comparable to OFDM transmitter
mitigate the fading. The usage of MC-CDMA can significantly
with very small difference. In OFDM many different symbols
improve the performance of wireless communication system.
This paper presents the simulation of MC-CDMA system are transmit by subcarriers but in MC-CDMA similar symbol
performance with MSK modulation over AWGN channel and is transmitted by different subcarriers. The clarification of the
Rayleigh channel. It also represents the BER performance of above notion is clearly shown in figure1.The input data rate
MC-CDMA system when it has users 2, 4, 16, 32 and 64 for both symbols are transformed toward parallel streams. Then each
AWGN and Rayleigh channel. The SNR value between 0dB and parallel stream is spread using dispersion code like Walsh,
20dB the BER value showed an effect of AWGN and Rayleigh Hadamard etc [2].
fading channel on the MC-CDMA system. Also the comparison
of MC-CDMA BER performance over MSK modulation and
BPSK modulation techniques show that minimum BER
obtained with MSK modulation technique for both AWGN and
Rayleigh channel.

Index Terms MC-CDMA, MSK modulation, Rayleigh

channel, AWGN, Walsh code and BER Performance.

I. INTRODUCTION
Wireless communication is the convey of information over a Figure1.MC-CDMATransmitter
distance without the utilize of electrical conductors or
"wires". The continued increase of data, video and voice In this figure, the major difference between MC-CDMA &
OFDM is that the MC-CDMA system transmits the similar
communication over the Internet, so that the mobile telephony
symbol in analogous through quite a few subcarriers whereas
large potential for mobile multimedia system [1]. Due to
the OFDM system transmits dissimilar code of the user in the
normal growth of multimedia communication, the sender
frequency domain. The input data flow is multiplied by the
require elevated data rate communication systems in wireless
spreading code. The users are divided by different codes. All
communication To provide the requirements new
data analogous to the sum number of sub carriers are
technologies 4G is residential in which the Code Division
modulated inside baseband by an inverse Fast Fourier
Multiple Access and Orthogonal Frequency Division
transform (IFFT) and distorted back into serial data. Then, a
Multiplexing (OFDM) are new communication systems.
cyclic prefix be insert between the symbols which is a
MC-CDMA be customized method for elevated speed data
replicate of the end of the symbols at start to battle the
rate communication system [2].
inter-symbol interference (ISI) and the inter-carrier
A.MC-CDMA
interference (ICI) And consequently the cyclic prefix length is
selected such that it is better than the delay increase of the
MC-CDMA is a new inflection method which uses multi-user channel. In MC-CDMA transmission, it is necessary to have
broadcast of Direct Sequence CDMA signals [8]. MC-CDMA frequency non selective fading above each sub carrier.
is grouping of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing Therefore, if the unique symbol rate be elevated enough to
(OFDM), a multicarrier modulation, and Code Division become topic to frequency selective loss the input data
Multiple Access (CDMA), a increase spectrum technique contain to be serial to parallel (SIP) converted into parallel
.Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is a data sequences [2].
multi carrier modulation, where a single data stream is
transmit over a number of subcarriers. So that using a great B.MC-CDMA Receiver model
number of sub-carriers, a high sound immunity against
multipath can be provide so that the symbol duration Ts on In MC-CDMA, following improvement of the sub carriers,
each stream will be added large than the channel time signals on the output of the FFT have to be unspread by
dispersion This result the effects of ISI will exist minimized. apply the inverse code matrix. We openly introduce the FFT,
-1
the inverse code matrix C , and a general weigh matrix W.
-1
RohitPanwar, M.Tech, ECEE, ECE Department PDMCE Bahadurgarh While the FFT and C are non-adaptive and can be implement
Sarvda Chauhan, Assistant Professor, ECE, Department PDMCE efficiently using typical butterfly topologies.The received
Bahadurgarh
signal is first down converted. After that the cyclic prefix is
uninvolved and the residual samples are serial to parallel

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 BER Performance of MC-CDMA Using with MSK Modulation on AWGN and Rayleigh Channel

converted to get the m-subcarriers components .The consumption by eliminating phase discontinuities.
m-subcarriers are first demodulated by a fast Fourier The MSK signal is defined as:
transform (FFT)[2].
S(t) = d(t) cos (t/2T) cos 2ft + d(t) sin (t/2T) sin 2ft.
The MSK modulation makes the phase change linear and
limited to (p/2) over a bit time T. This enable MSK toward
give a significant development more than QPSK. Because of
N N I-CODE the result of the linear phase adjust the power spectral density
S/P FFT MATRIX P/S has short side lobes so as to help to control adjacent-channel
r(t) YC d(t)
nosiness but the main lobe become wider than the quadrature
shift key.
In MSK baseband signal which is to multiply the carrier is a
smooth signal. The spectrum of MSK has a much wider main
Figure 2.MCCDMA Receiver loop as compare to other modulation system.

III. WALSH CODE

V. SYSTEM CHANNEL
Walsh code are make from the Hadamard matrix which is a
square matrix in which every row in the matrix is orthogonal A.AWGN Channel
to all rows, and every column in the matrix is orthogonal to all
columns. The Hadamard matrix Hn is generate by start with The simplest channel environment is
zero matrix and functional the Hadamard transform Additive-White-Gaussian-Noise (AWGN) channel. The
successively. Every column or row in the Hadamard matrix white noise can come from the thermal noise for each receive
correspond to a Walsh code series of length n[6]. antenna. The signal from the mth transmit antenna to the nth
The Hadamard transform is defined as Hn = [0] receive antenna experiences propagation loss in the wireless
channel. Additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) is the
commonly used to transmit signal while signals travel from
Hn H n the channel and simulate background noise of channel.
H2n=
The arithmetical appearance inside received signal is r(t) =
Hn Hn s(t) + n(t)
where s(t) is transmitted signal and n(t) is background noise.

H2 = 0 0 B.Rayleigh Channel
0 1
The delays associated with different signal paths in a
multipath fading channel change in an unpredictable manner
and can only be characterized statistically. while present are a
The Walsh code index is as shown in table below:
large sum of paths, the central bound theorem can be useful to
u2u1u0 Walsh code mold the time-variant impulse response of the channel as a
complex-valued Gaussian chance process. When the impulse
000 00000000 reaction is model as a zero mean complex-valued Gaussian
course the channel be supposed toward be a Rayleigh loss
001 01010101 channel.
010 00110011 The Rayleigh fading is primarily caused via multipath
response Rayleigh fading is a numerical model intended for
011 01100110 the effect of a propagation environment on a radio signal. The
Rayleigh distribution is frequently used to model multipath
100 00001111 fading with no direct line-of-sight (LOS) path [7].

101 01011010 VI. SYSTEM MODEL & RESULTS

110 00111100

111 01101001

Table 1.Index for Walsh code of length 8

IV. MSK MODULATION

Minimum Shift Keying (MSK) is a type of continuous-phase

frequency-shift key that is used in a amount of applications.
MSK is also identified as continuous phase modulation
(CPM). The continuous phase modulation minimize BW

51 www.erpublication.org
 International Journal of Engineering and Technical Research (IJETR)
ISSN: 2321-0869 (O) 2454-4698 (P), Volume-5, Issue-1, May 2016
Figure 3:MC-CDMA System using walsh code with indicates that the bit error rate is directly vary with the number
of users, therefore increasing the number of users more affects
MSK Modulation the BER.Bit error rate for 16 users is more than 4 users.
MC-CDMA Performance effected on AWGN channel which
The MC-CDMA is simulated and analysis using Matlab have 4 users,16 users, 32 users, each user has 10^4 bits on the
Software. The MC-CDMA was simulated on an Rayleigh channel. The data were spread using 32,64 bit Walsh code and
multipath fading and Additive White Gaussian Noise modulated, using Minimum Shift Keying modulation.
(AWGN) channe for show the effect of both channel on BER
performance of MC-CDMA with respect to SNR(signal to
noise ratio) [12].

A.BER Performance of MC-CDMA on AWGN Channel

The Effect of AWGN channel on MC-CDMA system having
two and four users which are sending 10^4 bits on the
channel. The users data were spread using 4-bit Walsh code
and modulated by Minimum Shift Keying modulation.

Figure 6:MC-CDMA on AWGN for 4,16,32 64 users

The simulation result indicates that the bit error rate is direct
vary with the number of users.In figure 6 BER of 64 user
shows in black colour is maximum. BER of 32 user is lower
than 64 users but higher than 16 and 4 users.

B.BER Performance of MC-CDMA System on Rayleigh

and AWGN Channel
Figure4:MC-CDMAon AWGN for 2,4 users
when Rayleigh fading is added to AWGN the channel and
The simulation shows that in figure 4.The signal to noise ratio simulation result show the behavior of fading on the BER of
values for 2 user more than 10dB reduced MC-CDMA system.MC-CDMA Performance effected on
the effect of the additive white Gaussian noise channel.Bit AWGN and Rayleigh channel which have two user,four users
error rate for 4 users is more than 2 users. every user sends ten thousand bits on both the channel. The
MC-CDMA Performance effected on AWGN channel which data were spread using 4-bit Walsh code and modulated using
have 4 users and 16 users each user has 10^4 bits on the Minimum Shift Keying modulation. For user 2 the simulation
channel. The users data were spread using 16-bit Walsh code result shows that bit error rate is higher compare to user 4 and
and modulated using Minimum Shift Keying modulation Shift starts to decrease from SNR= -1dB to 6dB.
Keying modulation.

Figure 5:MC-CDMA on AWGN for 4,16 users

The simulation result shows that in figure 5. The Result Figure 7 :MC-CDMA on AWGN and Rayleigh for 2,4 users

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 BER Performance of MC-CDMA Using with MSK Modulation on AWGN and Rayleigh Channel

The BER simulation plot is shown in Figure 9., where at SNR

In figure 7 simulation result shows that bit error rate of 4 user = -1dB all users show high value of BER and then starts to
higher compare to user 2 and starts to decrease from SNR= decrease . BER of 64 users is higher than 32 users and
-1dB to 6dB. continually decrease until SNR =6db.

MC-CDMA Performance effected on AWGN and Rayleigh C. Comparison Results of MC-CDMA With BPSK and
channel which have four user,16 users each user sends ten MSK Modulation on AWGN Channel
thousand bits on both the channel. The data were spread using The Effect of AWGN channel on MC-CDMA system having
16-bit Walsh code and modulated using Minimum Shift 2 user,4 users,16 users,32 users and 64 users sending 10^4
Keying modulation. It is clear that the BER is higher at the bits on the channel. The data were spread using Walsh code
minimum SNR and then starts to decrease. and modulated by Minimum Shift Keying and BPSK
Modulation.

Figure 10 :BER VS Eb/No on AWGN For 2,4,16,32,64 users

Comparison graphs show that BER Of MC-CDMA using
Figure 8: MC-CDMA on AWGN and Rayleigh for 4,16,32,64
users Walsh code with MSK Modulation technique is reduced as
compare to BER Of MC-CDMA With BPSK Modulation on
AWGN channel.So that MSK Modulation is much better than
In figure 8 Results show that BERs at SNR=-1db for 4 users
BPSK modulation.
are higher compared to 16 users, and then also starts to
decrease until SNR to 6db.
M USER USER USER USER USER
BER Performance of MC-CDMA system has 32 users TYPE 2 4 16 32 64
sending data on Rayleigh fading and AWGN channel. Every
BPSK 0.92 0.103 0.85 0.88 0.88
user sends and receives 10^4 bits with 32, 64 bit Walsh code
and MSK modulation. MSK 0.1 0.101 0.81 0.83 0.87
Table 2:Channel Type = AWGN (Bit Error Rate VS SNR )

Comparison Table 2 show that Bit Error Rate using the MSK
modulation is found to be quite efficient than using the BPSK
modulation technique .so that MC-CDMA Performance is
better with MSK Modulation rather BPSK Modulation
technique. Because BER of MC-CDMA is reduced with MSK
modulation.

D. Comparison Results of MC-CDMA With BPSK and

MSK Modulation on AWGN and Rayleigh Channel

Effect of AWGN and Rayleigh channel on MC-CDMA

system having 2 user,4 users,16 users,32 users and 64 users
sending 10^4 bits on the channel. The data were spread using
Walsh code and modulated by Minimum Shift Keying and
BPSK Modulation on AWGN and Rayleigh Fading Channel.

Figure 9:MC-CDMA on AWGN and Rayleigh for 4,16,32,64

users

53 www.erpublication.org
 International Journal of Engineering and Technical Research (IJETR)
ISSN: 2321-0869 (O) 2454-4698 (P), Volume-5, Issue-1, May 2016
of users. But BER is decrease with MSK modulation as
compare BPSK modulation on AWGN and Rayleigh channel.
When compare the BER of MC-CDMA using MSK
modulation with BPSK modulation, the result show that BER
is more decrease for 2, 4,16,32,64 users on the AWGN
channel.BER of MC-CDMA with MSK is also decrease for
2,4,16,32,64 users on AWGN and Rayleigh fading channel.so
that MSK modulation is quite efficient for BER of
MC-CDMA rather than BPSK on both AWGN and Rayleigh
channel.

REFERENCES

[1] S.Sivanesskumar, R.Sukanesh, Performance Analysis of

Multi-Carrier Code Division Multiple Access System under Clipping
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[2] A. Sharmila and Srigitha S. NathPerformance of MIMO Multi-Carrier
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Figure 11 :BER VS Eb/No on AWGN and Rayleigh Channel Conference on Computing and Control Engineering (ICCCE 2012), 12
for 2,4,16,32,64 users & 13 April, 2012.
[3] [3] Poonam Singh R. V. Raja Kumar T. S. LambaPerformance
analysis of MC-CDMA System in Multipath fading channel
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Communications Magazine, Vol. 36 Issue 9, pp.5-54, September 1998.
AWGN and RAYLEIGH channel.So that MSK Modulation is [5] Mosa Ali Abu-Rgheff, "Introduction to CDMA Wireless
much better than BPSK modulation in BER Performance of Communications," Elsevier Ltd., 2007, pp. 222-223.
MC-CDMA on AWGN and Rayleigh Fading channel. [6] Marvin K. Simon, Mohamed-Slim Alouini, "Digital Communication
over Fading Channels ," John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2000, pp.18-20.
[7] V.Jagannaveen,K.MuraliKrishna , K.RajaRajeswari performance
M USER USER USER USER USER analysis of MC-CDMA and OFDM in wireless rayleigh
TYPE 2 4 16 32 64 channelInternational Journal of Advanced Science and Technology
Vol. 25, December, 2010.
BPSK .15 .43 .45 .35 .39 [8] N.Kumaratharan, P.Dananjayan, and M.Padmavathy, " Performance
MSK .12 .18 .19 .21 .25 Improvement Of Mc-Cdma System Through Dstbc Site Diversity,"
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Table 3:Channel Type = AWGN & Rayleigh (Bit Error Rate [9] K. Fazel, S. Kaiser, "Multi-Carrier and Spread Spectrum Systems From
VS SNR ) OFDM and MC-CDMA to LTE and WiMAX," John Wiley & Sons
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[10] M.F.L.Abdullah, M.F. Ghanim," An Overview of CDMA Techniques
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using the MSK modulation on AWGN and Rayleigh channel 24, 2011.
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technique . Evaluation of BER for AWGN, Rayleigh and Rician Fading Channels under
Various Modulation
We have implemented the results on 2 users, 4 users,16 users Schemesinternational generalVolume 26 No.9, July 2011
,32 users and 64 users. BER Performance of MC-CDMA
using MSK is more decrease for 4 users , 16 user. Bit error
rate of MC-CDMA for 2 user, 32user and 64 user also
decrease by using MSK than BER of MC-CDMA using
BPSK modulation technique .

VII. CONCLUSION

This paper has presented and showed that BER Performance

of MC-CDMA using walse code with MSK modulation on
AWGN and Rayleigh Fading channel.Walsh code sequences
have the advantage to be orthogonal, because under a perfect
synchronization, the rid of any multi-access interference is
certainly obtained.
The BER of MC-CDMA with MSK modulation on AWGN
channel show that BER is directly vary with number of users
.But BER is decrease with MSK modulation as compare
BPSK modulation.
The BER of MC-CDMA with MSK modulation shows that
when, Rayleigh fading was added to the AWGN channel the
variation in bit error rate with fading in addition to the number

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