Engineering Mechanics 13th Edition Hibbeler Solution Manual PDF

21.
Determine the magnitude of the resultant force FR = F1 + F2 y

and its direction, measured counterclockwise from the positive
x axis. F1 250 lb
30
SOLUTION x
FR = 2(250) + (375) - 2(250)(375) cos 75 = 393.2 = 393 lb
2 2
Ans. 45
393.2 250
=
sin 75 sin u
u = 37.89
F2 375 lb
f = 360 - 45 + 37.89 = 353 Ans.
. We or
m W ina g
b)
ed e n
in
no W iss ea s
itt id tio
is e D t w
t p or em ch
d th g. in t la
an on in rs h
k g rn to rig
or in a uc y
w d le tr p
er ld
e lu nt ns co
th inc de f i es
of rk ( stu e o tat
ity o g us d S
te is ss th ite
in f th se for Un
gr w in e
th t o a ly by
y ar d le d
ro p an o te
st ny s d s ec
de f a rse de ot
s
ill o u vi pr
w le co ro is
sa eir is p rk
th d wo
an his
e
T
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22.
If u = 60 and F = 450 N, determine the magnitude of the
y
resultant force and its direction, measured counterclockwise
from the positive x axis. F
u
x
15
700 N
SOLUTION
The parallelogram law of addition and the triangular rule are shown in Figs. a and b,
respectively.
Applying the law of consines to Fig. b,
FR = 27002 + 4502 - 2(700)(450) cos 45
= 497.01 N = 497 N Ans.
This yields
sin a sin 45
a = 95.19
. We or
=
700 497.01
m W ina g
b)
ed e n
in
no W iss ea s
itt id tio
is e D t w
t p or em ch
d th g. in t la
Thus, the direction of angle f of FR measured counterclockwise from the
positive x axis, is
an on in rs h
k g rn to rig
or in a uc y
w d le tr p
f = a + 60 = 95.19 + 60 = 155 Ans.
er ld
e lu nt ns co
th inc de f i es
of rk ( stu e o tat
ity o g us d S
te is ss th ite
in f th se for Un
gr w in e
th t o a ly by
y ar d le d
ro p an o te
st ny s d s ec
de f a rse de ot
s
ill o u vi pr
w le co ro is
sa eir is p rk
th d wo
an his
e
T
23.
If the magnitude of the resultant force is to be 500 N, y

directed along the positive y axis, determine the magnitude F
of force F and its direction u.
u
x
15
700 N
SOLUTION
respectively.
Applying the law of cosines to Fig. b,
F = 25002 + 7002 - 2(500)(700) cos 105
= 959.78 N = 960 N Ans.
Applying the law of sines to Fig. b, and using this result, yields
sin (90 + u) sin 105

=
700 959.78
. We or
m W ina g
b)
ed e n
in
no W iss ea s
itt id tio
is e D t w
u = 45.2
t p or em ch
Ans.
d th g. in t la
an on in rs h
k g rn to rig
or in a uc y
w d le tr p
er ld
e lu nt ns co
th inc de f i es
of rk ( stu e o tat
ity o g us d S
te is ss th ite
in f th se for Un
gr w in e
th t o a ly by
y ar d le d
ro p an o te
st ny s d s ec
de f a rse de ot
s
ill o u vi pr
w le co ro is
sa eir is p rk
th d wo
an his
e
T
*24.
Determine the magnitude of the resultant force FR = F1 + F2
and its direction, measured clockwise from the positive u axis.
70
u
30
45
F1 300 N
F2 500 N v
SOLUTION
FR = 2(300)2 + (500)2 - 2(300)(500) cos 95 = 605.1 = 605 N Ans.
605.1 500
=
sin 95 sin u
u = 55.40
f = 55.40 + 30 = 85.4 Ans.
. We or
m W ina g
b)
ed e n
in
no W iss ea s
itt id tio
is e D t w
t p or em ch
d th g. in t la
an on in rs h
k g rn to rig
or in a uc y
w d le tr p
er ld
e lu nt ns co
th inc de f i es
of rk ( stu e o tat
ity o g us d S
te is ss th ite
in f th se for Un
gr w in e
th t o a ly by
y ar d le d
ro p an o te
st ny s d s ec
de f a rse de ot
s
ill o u vi pr
w le co ro is
sa eir is p rk
th d wo
an his
e
T
25.
Resolve the force F1 into components acting along the u and

v axes and determine the magnitudes of the components.
70
u
30
45
F1 300 N
F2 500 N v
SOLUTION
F1u 300
=
sin 40 sin 110
F1u = 205 N Ans.
F1v 300
=
sin 30 sin 110
F1v = 160 N Ans.
. We or
m W ina g
b)
ed e n
in
no W iss ea s
itt id tio
is e D t w
t p or em ch
d th g. in t la
an on in rs h
k g rn to rig
or in a uc y
w d le tr p
er ld
e lu nt ns co
th inc de f i es
of rk ( stu e o tat
ity o g us d S
te is ss th ite
in f th se for Un
gr w in e
th t o a ly by
y ar d le d
ro p an o te
st ny s d s ec
de f a rse de ot
s
ill o u vi pr
w le co ro is
sa eir is p rk
th d wo
an his
e
T
26.
Resolve the force F2 into components acting along the u and

v axes and determine the magnitudes of the components.
70
u
30
45
F1 300 N
F2 500 N v
SOLUTION
F2u 500
=
sin 45 sin 70
F2u = 376 N Ans.
F2v 500
=
sin 65 sin 70
F2v = 482 N Ans.
. We or
m W ina g
b)
ed e n
in
no W iss ea s
itt id tio
is e D t w
t p or em ch
d th g. in t la
an on in rs h
k g rn to rig
or in a uc y
w d le tr p
er ld
e lu nt ns co
th inc de f i es
of rk ( stu e o tat
ity o g us d S
te is ss th ite
in f th se for Un
gr w in e
th t o a ly by
y ar d le d
ro p an o te
st ny s d s ec
de f a rse de ot
s
ill o u vi pr
w le co ro is
sa eir is p rk
th d wo
an his
e
T
27.
The vertical force F acts downward at A on the two-membered
frame. Determine the magnitudes of the two components of
B
F directed along the axes of AB and AC. Set F = 500 N.
45
SOLUTION A
Parallelogram Law: The parallelogram law of addition is shown in Fig. a.
Trigonometry: Using the law of sines (Fig. b), we have

F 30
FAB 500 C
=
sin 60 sin 75
FAB = 448 N Ans.
FAC 500
=
sin 45 sin 75
. We or
m W ina g
b)
FAC = 366 N Ans.
ed e n
in
no W iss ea s
itt id tio
is e D t w
t p or em ch
d th g. in t la
an on in rs h
k g rn to rig
or in a uc y
w d le tr p
er ld
e lu nt ns co
th inc de f i es
of rk ( stu e o tat
ity o g us d S
te is ss th ite
in f th se for Un
gr w in e
th t o a ly by
y ar d le d
ro p an o te
st ny s d s ec
de f a rse de ot
s
ill o u vi pr
w le co ro is
sa eir is p rk
th d wo
an his
e
T
*28.
Solve Prob. 2-7 with F = 350 lb.
B
45
SOLUTION A
Trigonometry: Using the law of sines (Fig. b), we have F 30

FAB 350 C
=
sin 60 sin 75
FAB = 314 lb Ans.
FAC 350
=
sin 45 sin 75
. We or
m W ina g
b)
FAC = 256 lb
ed e n
Ans.
in
no W iss ea s
itt id tio
is e D t w
t p or em ch
d th g. in t la
an on in rs h
k g rn to rig
or in a uc y
w d le tr p
er ld
e lu nt ns co
th inc de f i es
of rk ( stu e o tat
ity o g us d S
te is ss th ite
in f th se for Un
gr w in e
th t o a ly by
y ar d le d
ro p an o te
st ny s d s ec
de f a rse de ot
s
ill o u vi pr
w le co ro is
sa eir is p rk
th d wo
an his
e
T
29.
Resolve F1 into components along the u and v axes and v

determine the magnitudes of these components.
F1 250 N
F2 150 N 30 u
SOLUTION
Sine law: 30
105
F1v 250
= F1v = 129 N Ans.
sin 30 sin 105
F1u 250
= F1u = 183 N Ans.
sin 45 sin 105
. We or
m W ina g
b)
ed e n
in
no W iss ea s
itt id tio
is e D t w
t p or em ch
d th g. in t la
an on in rs h
k g rn to rig
or in a uc y
w d le tr p
er ld
e lu nt ns co
th inc de f i es
of rk ( stu e o tat
ity o g us d S
te is ss th ite
in f th se for Un
gr w in e
th t o a ly by
y ar d le d
ro p an o te
st ny s d s ec
de f a rse de ot
s
ill o u vi pr
w le co ro is
sa eir is p rk
th d wo
an his
e
T
210.
Resolve F2 into components along the u and v axes and v

determine the magnitudes of these components.
F1 250 N
F2 150 N 30 u
SOLUTION
Sine law: 30
105
F2v 150
= F2v = 77.6 N Ans.
sin 30 sin 75
F2u 150
= F2u = 150 N Ans.
sin 75 sin 75
. We or
m W ina g
b)
ed e n
in
no W iss ea s
itt id tio
is e D t w
t p or em ch
d th g. in t la
an on in rs h
k g rn to rig
or in a uc y
w d le tr p
er ld
e lu nt ns co
th inc de f i es
of rk ( stu e o tat
ity o g us d S
te is ss th ite
in f th se for Un
gr w in e
th t o a ly by
y ar d le d
ro p an o te
st ny s d s ec
de f a rse de ot
s
ill o u vi pr
w le co ro is
sa eir is p rk
th d wo
an his
e
T
211.
The force acting on the gear tooth is F = 20 lb. Resolve b

this force into two components acting along the lines aa F a
and bb. 80
60
a
b
SOLUTION
20 Fa
= ; Fa = 30.6 lb Ans.
sin 40 sin 80
20 Fb
= ; Fb = 26.9 lb Ans.
sin 40 sin 60
. We or
m W ina g
b)
ed e n
in
no W iss ea s
itt id tio
is e D t w
t p or em ch
d th g. in t la
an on in rs h
k g rn to rig
or in a uc y
w d le tr p
er ld
e lu nt ns co
th inc de f i es
of rk ( stu e o tat
ity o g us d S
te is ss th ite
in f th se for Un
gr w in e
th t o a ly by
y ar d le d
ro p an o te
st ny s d s ec
de f a rse de ot
s
ill o u vi pr
w le co ro is
sa eir is p rk
th d wo
an his
e
T
*212.
The component of force F acting along line aa is required to b

be 30 lb. Determine the magnitude of F and its component F a
along line bb. 80
60
a
b
SOLUTION
30 F
= ; F = 19.6 lb Ans.
sin 80 sin 40
30 Fb
= ; Fb = 26.4 lb Ans.
sin 80 sin 60
. We or
m W ina g
b)
ed e n
in
no W iss ea s
itt id tio
is e D t w
t p or em ch
d th g. in t la
an on in rs h
k g rn to rig
or in a uc y
w d le tr p
er ld
e lu nt ns co
th inc de f i es
of rk ( stu e o tat
ity o g us d S
te is ss th ite
in f th se for Un
gr w in e
th t o a ly by
y ar d le d
ro p an o te
st ny s d s ec
de f a rse de ot
s
ill o u vi pr
w le co ro is
sa eir is p rk
th d wo
an his
e
T
213.
Force F acts on the frame such that its component acting
B
along member AB is 650 lb, directed from B towards A, and
the component acting along member BC is 500 lb, directed
from B towards C. Determine the magnitude of F and its u
direction u. Set f = 60.
F
f 45
A C
SOLUTION
The parallelogram law of addition and triangular rule are shown in Figs. a and b,
respectively.
F = 25002 + 6502 - 2(500)(650) cos 105

= 916.91 lb = 917 lb Ans.
Using this result and applying the law of sines to Fig. b, yields
sin u sin 105
. We or
= u = 31.8 Ans.
m W ina g
b)
500 916.91
ed e n
in
no W iss ea s
itt id tio
is e D t w
t p or em ch
d th g. in t la
an on in rs h
k g rn to rig
or in a uc y
w d le tr p
er ld
e lu nt ns co
th inc de f i es
of rk ( stu e o tat
ity o g us d S
te is ss th ite
in f th se for Un
gr w in e
th t o a ly by
y ar d le d
ro p an o te
st ny s d s ec
de f a rse de ot
s
ill o u vi pr
w le co ro is
sa eir is p rk
th d wo
an his
e
T
214.
Force F acts on the frame such that its component acting B

along member AB is 650 lb, directed from B towards A.
Determine the required angle f (0 f 90) and the
u
component acting along member BC. Set F = 850 lb and
u = 30. F
f 45
A C
SOLUTION
respectively.
FBC = 28502 + 6502 - 2(850)(650) cos 30
= 433.64 lb = 434 lb Ans.
Using this result and applying the sine law to Fig. b, yields
sin (45 + f) sin 30

f = 56.5 Ans.
. We or
=
850 433.64
m W ina g
b)
ed e n
in
no W iss ea s
itt id tio
is e D t w
t p or em ch
d th g. in t la
an on in rs h
k g rn to rig
or in a uc y
w d le tr p
er ld
e lu nt ns co
th inc de f i es
of rk ( stu e o tat
ity o g us d S
te is ss th ite
in f th se for Un
gr w in e
th t o a ly by
y ar d le d
ro p an o te
st ny s d s ec
de f a rse de ot
s
ill o u vi pr
w le co ro is
sa eir is p rk
th d wo
an his
e
T
215.
The plate is subjected to the two forces at A and B as FA 8 kN

shown. If u = 60, determine the magnitude of the resultant
of these two forces and its direction measured clockwise u
from the horizontal. A
SOLUTION
Trigonometry: Using law of cosines (Fig. b), we have
FR = 282 + 62 - 2(8)(6) cos 100

40
= 10.80 kN = 10.8 kN Ans.
B
The angle u can be determined using law of sines (Fig. b). FB 6 kN
sin u sin 100

=
6 10.80
sin u = 0.5470
. We or
m W ina g
b)
ed e n
u = 33.16
in
no W iss ea s
itt id tio
is e D t w
t p or em ch
d th g. in t la
Thus, the direction f of FR measured from the x axis is
an on in rs h
k g rn to rig
f = 33.16 - 30 = 3.16 or in a uc y Ans.
w d le tr p
er ld
e lu nt ns co
th inc de f i es
of rk ( stu e o tat
ity o g us d S
te is ss th ite
in f th se for Un
gr w in e
th t o a ly by
y ar d le d
ro p an o te
st ny s d s ec
de f a rse de ot
s
ill o u vi pr
w le co ro is
sa eir is p rk
th d wo
an his
e
T
*216.
Determine the angle of u for connecting member A to the FA 8 kN

plate so that the resultant force of FA and FB is directed
horizontally to the right. Also, what is the magnitude of the u
resultant force? A
SOLUTION
Trigonometry: Using law of sines (Fig .b), we have
sin (90 - u) sin 50

= 40
6 8
B
sin (90 - u) = 0.5745
FB 6 kN
u = 54.93 = 54.9 Ans.
From the triangle, f = 180 - (90 - 54.93) - 50 = 94.93. Thus, using law of
cosines, the magnitude of FR is
. We or
m W ina g
FR = 282 + 62 - 2(8)(6) cos 94.93
b)
ed e n
in
no W iss ea s
itt id tio
is e D t w
t p or em ch
d th g. in t la
= 10.4 kN Ans.
an on in rs h
k g rn to rig
or in a uc y
w d le tr p
er ld
e lu nt ns co
th inc de f i es
of rk ( stu e o tat
ity o g us d S
te is ss th ite
in f th se for Un
gr w in e
th t o a ly by
y ar d le d
ro p an o te
st ny s d s ec
de f a rse de ot
s
ill o u vi pr
w le co ro is
sa eir is p rk
th d wo
an his
e
T
217.
Determine the design angle u (0 u 90) for strut AB 400 lb A

so that the 400-lb horizontal force has a component of 500 lb
u
directed from A towards C. What is the component of force
acting along member AB? Take f = 40.
f B
SOLUTION
C
Trigonometry: Using law of sines (Fig. b), we have
sin u sin 40
=
500 400
sin u = 0.8035
u = 53.46 = 53.5 Ans.
Thus,
c = 180 - 40 - 53.46 = 86.54
. We or
m W ina g
b)
ed e n
in
no W iss ea s
itt id tio
is e D t w
t p or em ch
Using law of sines (Fig. b)
d th g. in t la
an on in rs h
FAB
k g rn to rig
400
= or in a uc y
w d le tr p
sin 86.54 sin 40
er ld
e lu nt ns co
th inc de f i es
FAB = 621 lb Ans.

of rk ( stu e o tat
ity o g us d S
te is ss th ite
in f th se for Un
gr w in e
th t o a ly by
y ar d le d
ro p an o te
st ny s d s ec
de f a rse de ot
s
ill o u vi pr
w le co ro is
sa eir is p rk
th d wo
an his
e
T
218.
Determine the design angle f (0 f 90) between 400 lb A

struts AB and AC so that the 400-lb horizontal force has a u
component of 600 lb which acts up to the left, in the same
direction as from B towards A. Take u = 30.
f B
SOLUTION
C
Trigonometry: Using law of cosines (Fig. b), we have
FAC = 24002 + 6002 - 2(400)(600) cos 30 = 322.97 lb
The angle f can be determined using law of sines (Fig. b).
sin f sin 30
=
400 322.97
sin f = 0.6193
f = 38.3
. We or
Ans.
m W ina g
b)
ed e n
in
no W iss ea s
itt id tio
is e D t w
t p or em ch
d th g. in t la
an on in rs h
k g rn to rig
or in a uc y
w d le tr p
er ld
e lu nt ns co
th inc de f i es
of rk ( stu e o tat
ity o g us d S
te is ss th ite
in f th se for Un
gr w in e
th t o a ly by
y ar d le d
ro p an o te
st ny s d s ec
de f a rse de ot
s
ill o u vi pr
w le co ro is
sa eir is p rk
th d wo
an his
e
T
219.
Determine the magnitude and direction of the resultant y

FR = F1 + F2 + F3 of the three forces by first finding the F1 30 N
resultant F = F1 + F2 and then forming FR = F + F3. 5
3
4 F3 50 N
x
20
SOLUTION
F2 20 N
F = 2(20)2 + (30)2 - 2(20)(30) cos 73.13 = 30.85 N
30.85 30
= ; u = 1.47
sin 73.13 sin (70 - u)
FR = 2(30.85)2 + (50)2 - 2(30.85)(50) cos 1.47 = 19.18 = 19.2 N Ans.
19.18 30.85
= u = 2.37
. We or
; Ans.
sin u
m W ina g
sin 1.47
b)
ed e n
in
no W iss ea s
itt id tio
is e D t w
t p or em ch
d th g. in t la
an on in rs h
k g rn to rig
or in a uc y
w d le tr p
er ld
e lu nt ns co
th inc de f i es
of rk ( stu e o tat
ity o g us d S
te is ss th ite
in f th se for Un
gr w in e
th t o a ly by
y ar d le d
ro p an o te
st ny s d s ec
de f a rse de ot
s
ill o u vi pr
w le co ro is
sa eir is p rk
th d wo
an his
e
T
*220.

resultant F = F2 + F3 and then forming FR = F + F1. 5
3
4 F3 50 N
x
20
SOLUTION
F2 20 N
F = 2(20)2 + (50)2 - 2(20)(50) cos 70 = 47.07 N
20 47.07
= ; u = 23.53
sin u sin 70
FR = 2(47.07)2 + (30)2 - 2(47.07)(30) cos 13.34 = 19.18 = 19.2 N Ans.
19.18 30
= ; f = 21.15
sin 13.34 sin f
. We or
u = 23.53 - 21.15 = 2.37 Ans.
m W ina g
b)
ed e n
in
no W iss ea s
itt id tio
is e D t w
t p or em ch
d th g. in t la
an on in rs h
k g rn to rig
or in a uc y
w d le tr p
er ld
e lu nt ns co
th inc de f i es
of rk ( stu e o tat
ity o g us d S
te is ss th ite
in f th se for Un
gr w in e
th t o a ly by
y ar d le d
ro p an o te
st ny s d s ec
de f a rse de ot
s
ill o u vi pr
w le co ro is
sa eir is p rk
th d wo
an his
e
T
221.
Two forces act on the screw eye. If F1 = 400 N and F1

F2 = 600 N, determine the angle u(0 u 180)
between them, so that the resultant force has a magnitude
of FR = 800 N.
SOLUTION
respectively. Applying law of cosines to Fig. b, F2
800 = 2400 + 600 - 2(400)(600) cos (180 - u)
2 2
8002 = 4002 + 6002 - 480000 cos (180 - u)
cos (180 - u) = - 0.25
180 - u = 104.48
u = 75.52 = 75.5 Ans.
. We or
m W ina g
b)
ed e n
in
no W iss ea s
itt id tio
is e D t w
t p or em ch
d th g. in t la
an on in rs h
k g rn to rig
or in a uc y
w d le tr p
er ld
e lu nt ns co
th inc de f i es
of rk ( stu e o tat
ity o g us d S
te is ss th ite
in f th se for Un
gr w in e
th t o a ly by
y ar d le d
ro p an o te
st ny s d s ec
de f a rse de ot
s
ill o u vi pr
w le co ro is
sa eir is p rk
th d wo
an his
e
T
222.
Two forces F1 and F2 act on the screw eye. If their lines of F1

action are at an angle u apart and the magnitude of each
force is F1 = F2 = F, determine the magnitude of the
resultant force FR and the angle between FR and F1.
u
SOLUTION
F F
=
sin f sin (u - f)
sin (u - f) = sin f
F2
u - f = f
u
f = Ans.
2
FR = 2(F)2 + (F)2 - 2(F)(F) cos (180 - u)
Since cos (180 - u) = -cos u
. We or
m W ina g
FR = F A 22 B 21 + cos u
b)
ed e n
in
no W iss ea s
itt id tio
is e D t w
t p or em ch
d th g. in t la
u 1 + cos u
an on in rs h
Since cos a b =
k g rn to rig
2 A 2 or in a uc y
w d le tr p
er ld
e lu nt ns co
Then
th inc de f i es
of rk ( stu e o tat
u
ity o g us d S
FR = 2F cosa b Ans.
2
te is ss th ite
in f th se for Un
gr w in e
th t o a ly by
y ar d le d
ro p an o te
st ny s d s ec
de f a rse de ot
s
ill o u vi pr
w le co ro is
sa eir is p rk
th d wo
an his
e
T
223.
Two forces act on the screw eye. If F = 600 N, determine y

the magnitude of the resultant force and the angle u if the F
resultant force is directed vertically upward.
30
500 N u
SOLUTION
The parallelogram law of addition and triangular rule are shown in Figs. a and b
respectively. Applying law of sines to Fig. b,
sin u sin 30
= ; sin u = 0.6 u = 36.87 = 36.9 Ans.
600 500
Using the result of u,
f = 180 - 30 - 36.87 = 113.13
Again, applying law of sines using the result of f,
. We or
m W ina g
FR
b)
ed e n
500
in
no W iss ea s
itt id tio
; FR = 919.61 N = 920 N Ans.
is e D t w
t p or em ch
=
sin 113.13 sin 30
d th g. in t la
an on in rs h
k g rn to rig
or in a uc y
w d le tr p
er ld
e lu nt ns co
th inc de f i es
of rk ( stu e o tat
ity o g us d S
te is ss th ite
in f th se for Un
gr w in e
th t o a ly by
y ar d le d
ro p an o te
st ny s d s ec
de f a rse de ot
s
ill o u vi pr
w le co ro is
sa eir is p rk
th d wo
an his
e
T
*224.
Two forces are applied at the end of a screw eye in order to y

remove the post. Determine the angle u 10 u 902 F
and the magnitude of force F so that the resultant force
30
acting on the post is directed vertically upward and has a 500 N
magnitude of 750 N.
SOLUTION
Trigonometry: Using law of sines (Fig. b), we have
sin f sin 30
=
750 500
sin f = 0.750
f = 131.41 1By observation, f 7 902
. We or
Thus,
m W ina g
b)
ed e n
in
no W iss ea s
itt id tio
is e D t w
t p or em ch
d th g. in t la
u = 180 - 30 - 131.41 = 18.59 = 18.6 Ans.
an on in rs h
k g rn to rig
F 500 or in a uc y
=
w d le tr p
er ld
e lu nt ns co
sin 18.59 sin 30
th inc de f i es
F = 319 N Ans.
of rk ( stu e o tat
ity o g us d S
te is ss th ite
in f th se for Un
gr w in e
th t o a ly by
y ar d le d
ro p an o te
st ny s d s ec
de f a rse de ot
s
ill o u vi pr
w le co ro is
sa eir is p rk
th d wo
an his
e
T
225.
y
The chisel exerts a force of 20 lb on the wood dowel rod which
is turning in a lathe. Resolve this force into components acting t
(a) along the n and t axes and (b) along the x and y axes.
n
30
60
60
45
x
SOLUTION
20 lb
a) Fn = - 20 cos 45 = - 14.1 lb Ans.
Ft = 20 sin 45 = 14.1 lb Ans.
b) Fx = 20 cos 15 = 19.3 lb Ans.
Fy = 20 sin 15 = 5.18 lb Ans.
. We or
m W ina g
b)
ed e n
in
no W iss ea s
itt id tio
is e D t w
t p or em ch
d th g. in t la
an on in rs h
k g rn to rig
or in a uc y
w d le tr p
er ld
e lu nt ns co
th inc de f i es
of rk ( stu e o tat
ity o g us d S
te is ss th ite
in f th se for Un
gr w in e
th t o a ly by
y ar d le d
ro p an o te
st ny s d s ec
de f a rse de ot
s
ill o u vi pr
w le co ro is
sa eir is p rk
th d wo
an his
e
T
226.
The beam is to be hoisted using two chains. Determine the y

magnitudes of forces FA and FB acting on each chain in order
to develop a resultant force of 600 N directed along the FB FA
positive y axis. Set u = 45.
30
u
SOLUTION
x
FA 600
= ; FA = 439 N Ans.
sin 45 sin 105
FB 600
= ; FB = 311 N Ans.
sin 30 sin 105
. We or
m W ina g
b)
ed e n
in
no W iss ea s
itt id tio
is e D t w
t p or em ch
d th g. in t la
an on in rs h
k g rn to rig
or in a uc y
w d le tr p
er ld
e lu nt ns co
th inc de f i es
of rk ( stu e o tat
ity o g us d S
te is ss th ite
in f th se for Un
gr w in e
th t o a ly by
y ar d le d
ro p an o te
st ny s d s ec
de f a rse de ot
s
ill o u vi pr
w le co ro is
sa eir is p rk
th d wo
an his
e
T
227.
The beam is to be hoisted using two chains. If the resultant y

force is to be 600 N directed along the positive y axis,
determine the magnitudes of forces FA and FB acting on FB FA
each chain and the angle u of FB so that the magnitude of FB
is a minimum. FA acts at 30 from the y axis, as shown. 30
u
SOLUTION
x
For minimum FB, require
u = 60 Ans.
FA = 600 cos 30 = 520 N Ans.
FB = 600 sin 30 = 300 N Ans.
. We or
m W ina g
b)
ed e n
in
no W iss ea s
itt id tio
is e D t w
t p or em ch
d th g. in t la
an on in rs h
k g rn to rig
or in a uc y
w d le tr p
er ld
e lu nt ns co
th inc de f i es
of rk ( stu e o tat
ity o g us d S
te is ss th ite
in f th se for Un
gr w in e
th t o a ly by
y ar d le d
ro p an o te
st ny s d s ec
de f a rse de ot
s
ill o u vi pr
w le co ro is
sa eir is p rk
th d wo
an his
e
T
*228.
If the resultant force of the two tugboats is 3 kN, directed y

along the positive x axis, determine the required magnitude A
of force FB and its direction u.
FA 2 kN
30
x
u
C FB
SOLUTION
respectively.
B
FB = 222 + 32 - 2(2)(3)cos 30
= 1.615kN = 1.61 kN Ans.
sin u sin 30
. We or
u = 38.3 Ans.
m W ina g
=
b)
ed e n
2 1.615
in
no W iss ea s
itt id tio
is e D t w
t p or em ch
d th g. in t la
an on in rs h
k g rn to rig
or in a uc y
w d le tr p
er ld
e lu nt ns co
th inc de f i es
of rk ( stu e o tat
ity o g us d S
te is ss th ite
in f th se for Un
gr w in e
th t o a ly by
y ar d le d
ro p an o te
st ny s d s ec
de f a rse de ot
s
ill o u vi pr
w le co ro is
sa eir is p rk
th d wo
an his
e
T
229.
If FB = 3 kN and u = 45, determine the magnitude of the y

resultant force of the two tugboats and its direction A
measured clockwise from the positive x axis.
FA 2 kN
30
x
u
C FB
SOLUTION
respectively.
B
FR = 222 + 32 - 2(2)(3) cos 105
= 4.013 kN = 4.01 kN Ans.
sin a sin 105
. We or
= a = 46.22
m W ina g
b)
ed e n
3 4.013
in
no W iss ea s
itt id tio
is e D t w
t p or em ch
d th g. in t la
Thus, the direction angle f of FR, measured clockwise from the positive x axis, is
an on in rs h
k g rn to rig
f = a - 30 = 46.22 - 30 = 16.2 or in a uc y Ans.
w d le tr p
er ld
e lu nt ns co
th inc de f i es
of rk ( stu e o tat
ity o g us d S
te is ss th ite
in f th se for Un
gr w in e
th t o a ly by
y ar d le d
ro p an o te
st ny s d s ec
de f a rse de ot
s
ill o u vi pr
w le co ro is
sa eir is p rk
th d wo
an his
e
T
230.
If the resultant force of the two tugboats is required to be

y
directed towards the positive x axis, and FB is to be a A
minimum, determine the magnitude of FR and FB and the
angle u.
FA 2 kN
30
x
u
SOLUTION C FB
For FB to be minimum, it has to be directed perpendicular to FR. Thus,
u = 90 Ans. B
respectively.
By applying simple trigonometry to Fig. b,
FB = 2 sin 30 = 1 kN Ans.
FR = 2 cos 30 = 1.73 kN Ans.
. We or
m W ina g
b)
ed e n
in
no W iss ea s
itt id tio
is e D t w
t p or em ch
d th g. in t la
an on in rs h
k g rn to rig
or in a uc y
w d le tr p
er ld
e lu nt ns co
th inc de f i es
of rk ( stu e o tat
ity o g us d S
te is ss th ite
in f th se for Un
gr w in e
th t o a ly by
y ar d le d
ro p an o te
st ny s d s ec
de f a rse de ot
s
ill o u vi pr
w le co ro is
sa eir is p rk
th d wo
an his
e
T
231.
Three chains act on the bracket such that they create a y

resultant force having a magnitude of 500 lb. If two of the
chains are subjected to known forces, as shown, determine
the angle u of the third chain measured clockwise from the
positive x axis, so that the magnitude of force F in this chain
300 lb
is a minimum. All forces lie in the xy plane. What is the
magnitude of F? Hint: First find the resultant of the two
known forces. Force F acts in this direction. 30
SOLUTION x
u
Cosine law:
F
FR1 = 23002 + 2002 - 2(300)(200) cos 60 = 264.6 lb
Sine law:
200 lb
sin (30 + u) sin 60
= u = 10.9 Ans.
200 264.6
When F is directed along FR1, F will be minimum to create the resultant force.
. We or
m W ina g
b)
ed e n
in
no W iss ea s
FR = FR1 + F
itt id tio
is e D t w
t p or em ch
d th g. in t la
500 = 264.6 + Fmin
an on in rs h
k g rn to rig
Fmin = 235 lb
or in a uc y
w d le tr p
Ans.
er ld
e lu nt ns co
th inc de f i es
of rk ( stu e o tat
ity o g us d S
te is ss th ite
in f th se for Un
gr w in e
th t o a ly by
y ar d le d
ro p an o te
st ny s d s ec
de f a rse de ot
s
ill o u vi pr
w le co ro is
sa eir is p rk
th d wo
an his
e
T
*232.
Determine the x and y components of the 800-lb force. 800 lb

40 y
60
x
SOLUTION
60
Fx = 800 sin 40 = 514 lb Ans.
Fy = - 800 cos 40 = - 613 lb Ans.
. We or
m W ina g
b)
ed e n
in
no W iss ea s
itt id tio
is e D t w
t p or em ch
d th g. in t la
an on in rs h
k g rn to rig
or in a uc y
w d le tr p
er ld
e lu nt ns co
th inc de f i es
of rk ( stu e o tat
ity o g us d S
te is ss th ite
in f th se for Un
gr w in e
th t o a ly by
y ar d le d
ro p an o te
st ny s d s ec
de f a rse de ot
s
ill o u vi pr
w le co ro is
sa eir is p rk
th d wo
an his
e
T
233.
Determine the magnitude of the resultant force and its y

direction, measured counterclockwise from the positive x axis.
F3 750 N
45
x
SOLUTION 3
5
4
+ F = F ; 4
: Rx x F Rx = (850) - 625 sin 30 - 750 sin 45 = - 162.8 N 30
5
F2 625 N F1 850 N
3
+ c FRy = Fy ; FRy = - (850) - 625 cos 30 + 750 cos 45 = - 520.9 N
5
FR = 2 ( - 162.8)2 + (-520.9)2 = 546 N Ans.
- 520.9
f = tan - 1 B R = 72.64
- 162.8
. We or
u = 180 + 72.64 = 253
m W ina g
Ans.
b)
ed e n
in
no W iss ea s
itt id tio
is e D t w
t p or em ch
d th g. in t la
an on in rs h
k g rn to rig
or in a uc y
w d le tr p
er ld
e lu nt ns co
th inc de f i es
of rk ( stu e o tat
ity o g us d S
te is ss th ite
in f th se for Un
gr w in e
th t o a ly by
y ar d le d
ro p an o te
st ny s d s ec
de f a rse de ot
s
ill o u vi pr
w le co ro is
sa eir is p rk
th d wo
an his
e
T
234. y
Resolve F1 and F2 into their x and y components. 60
30
F1 400 N
45 x
SOLUTION
F1 = {400 sin 30(+ i)+ 400 cos 30(+ j)} N
F2 250 N
= {200i+ 346j} N Ans.
F2 = {250 cos 45(+ i)+ 250 sin 45( - j)} N
= {177i + 177j} N Ans.
. We or
m W ina g
b)
ed e n
in
no W iss ea s
itt id tio
is e D t w
t p or em ch
d th g. in t la
an on in rs h
k g rn to rig
or in a uc y
w d le tr p
er ld
e lu nt ns co
th inc de f i es
of rk ( stu e o tat
ity o g us d S
te is ss th ite
in f th se for Un
gr w in e
th t o a ly by
y ar d le d
ro p an o te
st ny s d s ec
de f a rse de ot
s
ill o u vi pr
w le co ro is
sa eir is p rk
th d wo
an his
e
T
235.
Determine the magnitude of the resultant force and its
direction measured counterclockwise from the positive x axis. y
60
30
F1 400 N
SOLUTION
45 x
Rectangular Components: By referring to Fig. a, the x and y components of F1 and
F2 can be written as
(F1)x = 400 sin 30 = 200 N (F1)y = 400 cos 30 = 346.41 N F2 250 N
(F2)x = 250 cos 45 = 176.78 N (F2)y = 250 sin 45 = 176.78 N

Resultant Force: Summing the force components algebraically along the x and
y axes, we have
+ Ans.
: (FR)x = Fx; (FR)x = 200 + 176.78 = 376.78 N
. We or
+ c (FR)y = Fy; (FR)y = 346.41 - 176.78 = 169.63 N c
m W ina g
b)
ed e n
in
no W iss ea s
itt id tio
is e D t w
t p or em ch
The magnitude of the resultant force FR is
d th g. in t la
an on in rs h
FR = 2(FR)x2 + (FR)y2 = 2376.782 + 169.632 = 413 N
k g rn to rig
Ans.
or in a uc y
w d le tr p
er ld
e lu nt ns co
The direction angle u of FR, Fig. b, measured counterclockwise from the positive
axis, is
th inc de f i es
of rk ( stu e o tat
u = tan-1 c d = tan-1 a b = 24.2

(FR)y 169.63
ity o g us d S
Ans.
(FR)x 376.78
te is ss th ite
in f th se for Un
gr w in e
th t o a ly by
y ar d le d
ro p an o te
st ny s d s ec
de f a rse de ot
s
ill o u vi pr
w le co ro is
sa eir is p rk
th d wo
an his
e
T
*236.
Resolve each force acting on the gusset plate into its x and y
y components, and express each force as a Cartesian vector. F3 650 N
3
5 F2 750 N
4
45
x
F1 900 N
F1 = {900( +i)} = {900i} N Ans.
F2 = {750 cos 45(+i) + 750 sin 45( +j)} N

= {530i + 530j} N Ans.
F3 = e 650a b( +i) + 650 a b( -j) f N

4 3
5 5
= {520 i - 390j)} N Ans.
. We or
m W ina g
b)
ed e n
in
no W iss ea s
itt id tio
is e D t w
t p or em ch
d th g. in t la
an on in rs h
k g rn to rig
or in a uc y
w d le tr p
er ld
e lu nt ns co
th inc de f i es
of rk ( stu e o tat
ity o g us d S
te is ss th ite
in f th se for Un
gr w in e
th t o a ly by
y ar d le d
ro p an o te
st ny s d s ec
de f a rse de ot
s
ill o u vi pr
w le co ro is
sa eir is p rk
th d wo
an his
e
T
237.
Determine the magnitude of the resultant force acting on y

the plate and its direction, measured counterclockwise from F3 650 N
the positive x axis. 3
5 F2 750 N
4
SOLUTION
45
Rectangular Components: By referring to Fig. a, the x and y components of F1, F2,
x
and F3 can be written as F1 900 N
(F1)x = 900 N (F1)y = 0
(F2)x = 750 cos 45 = 530.33 N (F2)y = 750 sin 45 = 530.33 N
(F3)x = 650 a b = 520 N (F3)y = 650a b = 390 N

4 3
5 5
y axes, we have
+
: (FR)x = Fx; (FR)x = 900 + 530.33 + 520 = 1950.33 N :
+ c (FR)y = Fy; (FR)y = 530.33 - 390 = 140.33 N c

. We or
m W ina g
b)
ed e n
in
no W iss ea s
FR = 2(FR)x2 + (FR)y2 = 21950.332 + 140.332 = 1955 N = 1.96 kN Ans.
itt id tio
is e D t w
t p or em ch
d th g. in t la
an on in rs h
The direction angle u of FR, measured clockwise from the positive x axis, is
k g rn to rig
or in a uc y
u = tan-1 c d = tan-1 a b = 4.12
(FR)y 140.33
w d le tr p
er ld
Ans.
e lu nt ns co
(FR)x 1950.33
th inc de f i es
of rk ( stu e o tat
ity o g us d S
te is ss th ite
in f th se for Un
gr w in e
th t o a ly by
y ar d le d
ro p an o te
st ny s d s ec
de f a rse de ot
s
ill o u vi pr
w le co ro is
sa eir is p rk
th d wo
an his
e
T
238.
Express each of the three forces acting on the column in y

Cartesian vector form and compute the magnitude of the
resultant force. F2 275 lb
F1 150 lb F3 75 lb
4 5
3 60
x
SOLUTION
F1 = 150 a b i -150a bj
3 4
5 5
F1 = {90i - 120j} lb Ans.
F2 = {-275j} lb Ans.
F3 = - 75 cos 60i - 75 sin 60j
F3 = {-37.5i - 65.0j} lb Ans.
. We or
m W ina g
b)
ed e n
in
no W iss ea s
itt id tio
is e D t w
t p or em ch
d th g. in t la
FR = F = {52.5i - 460j} lb
an on in rs h
k g rn to rig
FR = 2(52.5)2 + (-460)2 = 463 lb
or in a uc y
w d le tr p
Ans.
er ld
e lu nt ns co
th inc de f i es
of rk ( stu e o tat
ity o g us d S
te is ss th ite
in f th se for Un
gr w in e
th t o a ly by
y ar d le d
ro p an o te
st ny s d s ec
de f a rse de ot
s
ill o u vi pr
w le co ro is
sa eir is p rk
th d wo
an his
e
T
239.
Resolve each force acting on the support into its x and y

y components, and express each force as a Cartesian vector. F2 600 N F1 800 N
45
60
x
13
5
SOLUTION 12
F3 650 N
F1 = {800 cos 60(+i) + 800 sin 60( + j)} N

= {400i + 693j} N Ans.
F2 = {600 sin 45( -i) + 600 cos 45(+j)} N Ans.

= {-424i + 424j} N
F3 = e 650a b( +i) + 650a b (-j) f N

12 5
Ans.
13 13
. We or
= {600i - 250j} N
m W ina g
b)
ed e n
in
no W iss ea s
itt id tio
is e D t w
t p or em ch
d th g. in t la
an on in rs h
k g rn to rig
or in a uc y
w d le tr p
er ld
e lu nt ns co
th inc de f i es
of rk ( stu e o tat
ity o g us d S
te is ss th ite
in f th se for Un
gr w in e
th t o a ly by
y ar d le d
ro p an o te
st ny s d s ec
de f a rse de ot
s
ill o u vi pr
w le co ro is
sa eir is p rk
th d wo
an his
e
T
*240.

direction u, measured counterclockwise from the positive F2 600 N F1 800 N
x axis.
45
60
x
13
5
SOLUTION 12
F3 650 N
and F3 can be written as
(F1)x = 800 cos 60 = 400 N (F1)y = 800 sin 60 = 692.82 N
(F2)x = 600 sin 45 = 424.26 N (F2)y = 600 cos 45 = 424.26 N
(F3)x = 650 a b = 600 N (F3)y = 650 a b = 250 N

12 5
13 13
y axes, we have
. We or
m W ina g
b)
ed e n
in
no W iss ea s
itt id tio
+
: (FR)x = Fx; (FR)x = 400 - 424.26 + 600 = 575.74 N :
is e D t w
t p or em ch
d th g. in t la
an on in rs h
+ c (FR)y = Fy; (FR)y = - 692.82 + 424.26 - 250 = 867.08 N c
k g rn to rig
or in a uc y
w d le tr p
er ld
e lu nt ns co
th inc de f i es
FR = 2(FR)x2 + (FR)y2 = 2575.742 + 867.082 = 1041 N = 1.04 kN Ans.

of rk ( stu e o tat
ity o g us d S
The direction angle u of FR , Fig. b, measured counterclockwise from the positive

x axis, is
te is ss th ite
in f th se for Un
gr w in e
u = tan-1 c d = tan-1 a b = 56.4

(FR)y 867.08
th t o a ly by
Ans.
(FR)x 575.74
y ar d le d
ro p an o te
st ny s d s ec
de f a rse de ot
s
ill o u vi pr
w le co ro is
sa eir is p rk
th d wo
an his
e
T
241.

direction measured counterclockwise from the positive x axis.
F1 = 60 lb
2
1
1
SOLUTION x
1 1
F1 = -60 i + 60 j = {- 42.43i + 42.43j} lb
22 22 60
45
F2 = -70 sin 60i - 70 cos 60j = { -60.62 i - 35 j} lb F2 70 lb
F3 = { -50 j} lb F3 50 lb
FR = F = { -103.05 i - 42.57 j} lb
FR = 2(-103.05)2 + (- 42.57)2 = 111 lb Ans.
42.57
u = tan - 1 a b = 22.4
103.05
. We or
u = 180 + 22.4 = 202
m W ina g
Ans.
b)
ed e n
in
no W iss ea s
itt id tio
is e D t w
t p or em ch
d th g. in t la
an on in rs h
k g rn to rig
or in a uc y
w d le tr p
er ld
e lu nt ns co
th inc de f i es
of rk ( stu e o tat
ity o g us d S
te is ss th ite
in f th se for Un
gr w in e
th t o a ly by
y ar d le d
ro p an o te
st ny s d s ec
de f a rse de ot
s
ill o u vi pr
w le co ro is
sa eir is p rk
th d wo
an his
e
T
242.
Determine the magnitude and orientation u of FB so that y

the resultant force is directed along the positive y axis and
has a magnitude of 1500 N. FB
FA = 700 N
30
B A
SOLUTION
Scalar Notation: Summing the force components algebraically, we have
+ F = F ;
: 0 = 700 sin 30 - FB cos u
Rx x
FB cos u = 350 (1)
+ c FRy = Fy ; 1500 = 700 cos 30 + FB sin u
FB sin u = 893.8 (2)
Solving Eq. (1) and (2) yields
. We or
m W ina g
u = 68.6 FB = 960 N
b)
ed e n
Ans.
in
no W iss ea s
itt id tio
is e D t w
t p or em ch
d th g. in t la
an on in rs h
k g rn to rig
or in a uc y
w d le tr p
er ld
e lu nt ns co
th inc de f i es
of rk ( stu e o tat
ity o g us d S
te is ss th ite
in f th se for Un
gr w in e
th t o a ly by
y ar d le d
ro p an o te
st ny s d s ec
de f a rse de ot
s
ill o u vi pr
w le co ro is
sa eir is p rk
th d wo
an his
e
T
243.
Determine the magnitude and orientation, measured y

counterclockwise from the positive y axis, of the resultant
force acting on the bracket, if FB = 600 N and u = 20. FB FA 700 N
30
B A
u
x
SOLUTION
+ F = F ;
: FRx = 700 sin 30 - 600 cos 20
Rx x
= - 213.8 N = 213.8 N ;
+ c FRy = Fy ; FRy = 700 cos 30 + 600 sin 20
= 811.4 N c
. We or
m W ina g
FR = 2F2Rx + F2Ry = 2213.82 + 811.42 = 839 N
b)
ed e n
Ans.
in
no W iss ea s
itt id tio
is e D t w
t p or em ch
d th g. in t la
The direction angle u measured counterclockwise from the positive y axis is
an on in rs h
k g rn to rig
FRx 213.8 or in a uc y
w d le tr p
er ld
u = tan - 1 = tan - 1 = 14.8
e lu nt ns co
Ans.
FRy 811.4
th inc de f i es
of rk ( stu e o tat
ity o g us d S
te is ss th ite
in f th se for Un
gr w in e
th t o a ly by
y ar d le d
ro p an o te
st ny s d s ec
de f a rse de ot
s
ill o u vi pr
w le co ro is
sa eir is p rk
th d wo
an his
e
T
*244.
The magnitude of the resultant force acting on the bracket y

u
is to be 400 N. Determine the magnitude of F1 if f = 30. F2 650 N
4 5
3
F1
45
f
x
45
SOLUTION
F3 500 N
and F3 can be written as
(F1)x = F1 cos 30 = 0.8660F1 (F1)y = F1 sin 30 = 0.5F1
(F2)x = 650 a b = 390 N (F2)y = 650 a b = 520 N

3 4
5 5
(F3)x = 500 cos 45 = 353.55 N (F3)y = 500 sin 45 = 353.55 N

y axes, we have
. We or
m W ina g
b)
ed e n
in
no W iss ea s
itt id tio
+
: (FR)x = Fx; (FR)x = 0.8660F1 - 390 + 353.55
is e D t w
t p or em ch
d th g. in t la
= 0.8660F1 - 36.45
an on in rs h
k g rn to rig
+ c (FR)y = Fy; or in a uc y
(FR)y = 0.5F1 + 520 - 353.55
w d le tr p
er ld
e lu nt ns co
= 0.5F1 + 166.45
th inc de f i es
of rk ( stu e o tat
Since the magnitude of the resultant force is FR = 400 N, we can write

ity o g us d S
FR = 2(FR)x2 + (FR)y2
te is ss th ite
in f th se for Un
400 = 2(0.8660F1 - 36.45)2 + (0.5F1 + 166.45)2

gr w in e
th t o a ly by
y ar d le d
F12 + 103.32F1 - 130967.17 = 0 Ans.

ro p an o te
st ny s d s ec
Solving,
de f a rse de ot
s
ill o u vi pr
w le co ro is
F1 = 314 N or F1 = - 417 N Ans.

sa eir is p rk
th d wo
The negative sign indicates that F1 = 417 N must act in the opposite sense to that
an his
shown in the figure.

e
T
245.
If the resultant force acting on the bracket is to be directed y

u
along the positive u axis, and the magnitude of F1 is F2 650 N
required to be minimum, determine the magnitudes of the 5
4
resultant force and F1.
3
F1
45
f
x
45
SOLUTION
Rectangular Components: By referring to Figs. a and b, the x and y components of F3 500 N
F1, F2, F3, and FR can be written as
(F1)x = F1 cos f (F1)y = F1 sin f
(F2)x = 650 a b = 390 N (F2)y = 650 a b = 520 N

3 4
5 5
(F3)x = 500 cos 45 = 353.55 N (F3)y = 500 sin 45 = 353.55 N
(FR)x = FR cos 45 = 0.7071FR (FR)y = FR sin 45 = 0.7071FR
. We or
m W ina g
b)
ed e n
in
no W iss ea s
itt id tio
is e D t w
t p or em ch
y axes, we have
d th g. in t la
an on in rs h
k g rn to rig
+ 0.7071FR = F1 cos f - 390 + 353.55
: (FR)x = Fx; (1)
or in a uc y
w d le tr p
+ c (FR)y = Fy; 0.7071FR = F1 sin f + 520 - 353.55 (2)
er ld
e lu nt ns co
th inc de f i es
Eliminating FR from Eqs. (1) and (2), yields

of rk ( stu e o tat
ity o g us d S
202.89
F1 =
te is ss th ite
(3)
cos f - sin f
in f th se for Un
gr w in e
th t o a ly by
The first derivative of Eq. (3) is

y ar d le d
ro p an o te
st ny s d s ec
dF1 sin f + cos f

(4)
de f a rse de ot
=
df (cos f - sin f)2
s
ill o u vi pr
w le co ro is
The second derivative of Eq. (3) is

sa eir is p rk
th d wo
d2F1 2(sin f + cos f)2 1

an his
2
= + (5)
df (cos f - sin f)3 cos f - sin f
T
dF1
For F1 to be minimum, = 0 . Thus, from Eq. (4)
df
sin f + cos f = 0
tan f = - 1
f = - 45
Substituting f = - 45 into Eq. (5), yields
d2F1
= 0.7071 > 0
df2
This shows that f = - 45 indeed produces minimum F1. Thus, from Eq. (3)
202.89
F1 = = 143.47 N = 143 N Ans.
cos ( - 45) - sin ( - 45)
Substituting f = - 45 and F1 = 143.47 N into either Eq. (1) or Eq. (2), yields
FR = 919 N Ans.
246.
If the magnitude of the resultant force acting on the bracket y

u
is 600 N, directed along the positive u axis, determine the F2 650 N
magnitude of F and its direction f. 5
4
3
F1
45
f
x
45
SOLUTION
Rectangular Components: By referring to Figs. a and b, the x and y components of F3 500 N
(F1)x = F1 cos f (F1)y = F1 sin f
(F2)x = 650 a b = 390 N (F2)y = 650 a b = 520 N

3 4
5 5
(F3)x = 500 cos 45 = 353.55 N (F3)y = 500 cos 45 = 353.55 N
(FR)x = 600 cos 45 = 424.26 N (FR)y = 600 sin 45 = 424.26 N
. We or
m W ina g
b)
ed e n
in
no W iss ea s
itt id tio
is e D t w
t p or em ch
y axes, we have
d th g. in t la
an on in rs h
k g rn to rig
+ 424.26 = F1 cos f - 390 + 353.55 (1)
: (FR)x = Fx;
or in a uc y
w d le tr p
F1 cos f = 460.71
er ld
e lu nt ns co
th inc de f i es
+ c (FR)y = Fy; 424.26 = F1 sin f + 520 - 353.55 (2)

of rk ( stu e o tat
F1 sin f = 257.82
ity o g us d S
te is ss th ite
Solving Eqs. (1) and (2), yields

in f th se for Un
gr w in e
th t o a ly by
f = 29.2 F1 = 528 N Ans.

y ar d le d
ro p an o te
st ny s d s ec
de f a rse de ot
s
ill o u vi pr
w le co ro is
sa eir is p rk
th d wo
an his
e
T
247.
Determine the magnitude and direction u of the resultant

force FR. Express the result in terms of the magnitudes of
the components F1 and F2 and the angle f.
SOLUTION F1 FR
F 2R = F 21 + F 22 - 2F1F2 cos (180 - f)
Since cos (180 - f) = - cos f, f

u
FR = 2F 21 + F 22 + 2F1F2 cos f Ans. F2
From the figure,

F1 sin f
tan u =
F2 + F1 cos f
. We or
F1 sin f
m W ina g
u = tan 1
b)
ed e n
Ans.
in
no W iss ea s
itt id tio
F2 + F1 cos f
is e D t w
t p or em ch
d th g. in t la
an on in rs h
k g rn to rig
or in a uc y
w d le tr p
er ld
e lu nt ns co
th inc de f i es
of rk ( stu e o tat
ity o g us d S
te is ss th ite
in f th se for Un
gr w in e
th t o a ly by
y ar d le d
ro p an o te
st ny s d s ec
de f a rse de ot
s
ill o u vi pr
w le co ro is
sa eir is p rk
th d wo
an his
e
T
*248.
If F1 = 600 N and f = 30, determine the magnitude of the y

resultant force acting on the eyebolt and its direction
measured clockwise from the positive x axis.
F1
f
SOLUTION x
Rectangular Components: By referring to Fig. a, the x and y components of each 60

force can be written as
(F1)x = 600 cos 30 = 519.62 N (F1)y = 600 sin 30 = 300 N 5 4

3
F2 500 N
(F2)x = 500 cos 60 = 250 N (F2)y = 500 sin 60 = 433.01 N F3 450 N
3 4
(F3)x = 450 a b = 270 N (F3)y = 450 a b = 360 N
5 5
Resultant Force: Summing the force components algebraically along the x and y axes,
+ (F ) = F ;
: (FR)x = 519.62 + 250 - 270 = 499.62 N :
R x x
. We or
+ c (FR)y = Fy ; (FR)y = 300 - 433.01 - 360 = - 493.01 N = 493.01 N T
m W ina g
b)
ed e n
in
no W iss ea s
itt id tio
is e D t w
t p or em ch
d th g. in t la
an on in rs h
k g rn to rig
FR = 2(FR)x2 + (FR)y2 = 2499.62 2 + 493.012 = 701.91 N = 702 N
or in a uc y Ans.
w d le tr p
er ld
e lu nt ns co
th inc de f i es
The direction angle u of FR, Fig. b, measured clockwise from the x axis, is
of rk ( stu e o tat
ity o g us d S
(FR)y 493.01
u = tan - 1 B R = tan - 1 = 44.6 Ans.
te is ss th ite
(FR)x 499.62
in f th se for Un
gr w in e
th t o a ly by
y ar d le d
ro p an o te
st ny s d s ec
de f a rse de ot
s
ill o u vi pr
w le co ro is
sa eir is p rk
th d wo
an his
e
T
249.
If the magnitude of the resultant force acting on the y

eyebolt is 600 N and its direction measured clockwise from
the positive x axis is u = 30, determine the magnitude of
F1
F1 and the angle f.
f
SOLUTION x
Rectangular Components: By referring to Figs. a and b, the x and y components of 60

(F1)x = F1 cos f (F1)y = F1 sin f 5 4

3
F2 500 N
(F2)x = 500 cos 60 = 250 N (F2)y = 500 sin 60 = 433.01 N F3 450 N
3 4
(F3)x = 450 a b = 270 N (F3)y = 450 a b = 360 N
5 5
(FR)x = 600 cos 30 = 519.62 N (FR)y = 600 sin 30 = 300 N
. We or
+ (F ) = F ;
: 519.62 = F1 cos f + 250 - 270
m W ina g
b)
ed e n
R x x
in
no W iss ea s
itt id tio
is e D t w
t p or em ch
d th g. in t la
F1 cos f = 539.62 (1)
an on in rs h
k g rn to rig
+ c (FR)y = Fy ; - 300 = F1 sin f - 433.01 - 360 or in a uc y
w d le tr p
er ld
e lu nt ns co
F1 sin f = 493.01 (2)

th inc de f i es
of rk ( stu e o tat
ity o g us d S

te is ss th ite
f = 42.4 F1 = 731 N Ans.

in f th se for Un
gr w in e
th t o a ly by
y ar d le d
ro p an o te
st ny s d s ec
de f a rse de ot
s
ill o u vi pr
w le co ro is
sa eir is p rk
th d wo
an his
e
T
250.
Determine the magnitude of F1 and its direction u so that y

the resultant force is directed vertically upward and has a F1
magnitude of 800 N. u
600 N
400 N
5
3
4 30
SOLUTION x
A
+ F = F ; 4
: Rx x FRx = 0 = F1 sin u + 400 cos 30 - 600 a b
5
F1 sin u = 133.6 (1)
3
+ c FRy = Fy ; FRy = 800 = F1 cos u + 400 sin 30 + 600 a b
5
F1 cos u = 240 (2)
Solving Eqs. (1) and (2) yields
. We or
m W ina g
u = 29.1 F1 = 275 N
b)
Ans.
ed e n
in
no W iss ea s
itt id tio
is e D t w
t p or em ch
d th g. in t la
an on in rs h
k g rn to rig
or in a uc y
w d le tr p
er ld
e lu nt ns co
th inc de f i es
of rk ( stu e o tat
ity o g us d S
te is ss th ite
in f th se for Un
gr w in e
th t o a ly by
y ar d le d
ro p an o te
st ny s d s ec
de f a rse de ot
s
ill o u vi pr
w le co ro is
sa eir is p rk
th d wo
an his
e
T
251.
Determine the magnitude and direction measured y

counterclockwise from the positive x axis of the resultant F1
force of the three forces acting on the ring A. Take u
600 N
F1 = 500 N and u = 20. 400 N
5
3
4 30
SOLUTION x
A
+ F = F ; 4
: Rx x FRx = 500 sin 20 + 400 cos 30 - 600 a b
5
= 37.42 N :
3
+ c FRy = Fy ; FRy = 500 cos 20 + 400 sin 30 + 600 a b
5
= 1029.8 N c
. We or
m W ina g
FR = 2F 2Rx + F 2Ry = 237.42 2 + 1029.82 = 1030.5 N = 1.03 kN
b)
Ans.
ed e n
in
no W iss ea s
itt id tio
is e D t w
t p or em ch
d th g. in t la
The direction angle u measured counterclockwise from positive x axis is
an on in rs h
k g rn to rig
FRy 1029.8 or in a uc y
w d le tr p
u = tan - 1 = tan - 1 a
er ld
b = 87.9 Ans.
e lu nt ns co
FRx 37.42
th inc de f i es
of rk ( stu e o tat
ity o g us d S
te is ss th ite
in f th se for Un
gr w in e
th t o a ly by
y ar d le d
ro p an o te
st ny s d s ec
de f a rse de ot
s
ill o u vi pr
w le co ro is
sa eir is p rk
th d wo
an his
e
T
*252.
Determine the magnitude of force F so that the resultant FR

of the three forces is as small as possible. What is the
minimum magnitude of FR?
5 kN
SOLUTION
30
Scalar Notation: Summing the force components algebraically, we have F
+ F = F ;
: FRx = 5 - F sin 30 4 kN
Rx x
= 5 - 0.50F :
+ c FRy = Fy ; FRy = F cos 30 - 4
= 0.8660F - 4 c
. We or
m W ina g
b)
ed e n
FR = 2FR2 + F2Ry
in
no W iss ea s
itt id tio
is e D t w
x
t p or em ch
d th g. in t la
= 2(5 - 0.50F)2 + (0.8660F - 4)2
an on in rs h
= 2F2 - 11.93F + 41
k g rn to rig
or in a uc y (1)
w d le tr p
er ld
e lu nt ns co
FR2 = F2 - 11.93F + 41
th inc de f i es
of rk ( stu e o tat
dFR
ity o g us d S
2FR = 2F - 11.93 (2)

dF
te is ss th ite
in f th se for Un
d2FR dFR dFR

gr w in e
th t o a ly by
FR + * = 1 (3)
dF2 dF dF
y ar d le d
ro p an o te
st ny s d s ec
dFR
de f a rse de ot
In order to obtain the minimum resultant force FR, = 0. From Eq. (2)
s
ill o u vi pr
dF
w le co ro is
sa eir is p rk
dFR
th d wo
2FR = 2F - 11.93 = 0
dF
an his
e
T
F = 5.964 kN = 5.96 kN Ans.
Substituting F = 5.964 kN into Eq. (1), we have
FR = 25.9642 - 11.93(5.964) + 41
= 2.330 kN = 2.33 kN Ans.
dFR
Substituting FR = 2.330 kN with = 0 into Eq. (3), we have
dF
d2FR
B (2.330) + 0R = 1
dF2
d2FR
= 0.429 7 0
dF2
Hence, F = 5.96 kN is indeed producing a minimum resultant force.
253.
Determine the magnitude of force F so that the resultant 14 kN F

force of the three forces is as small as possible. What is the
magnitude of the resultant force?
30 45
8 kN
SOLUTION
+
: FRx = Fx ; FRz = 8 - F cos 45 - 14 cos 30
= - 4.1244 - F cos 45
+ c FRy = Fy ; FRy = - F sin 45 + 14 sin 30
= 7 - F sin 45
FR2 = ( - 4.1244 - F cos 45)2 + (7 - F sin 45)2 (1)
dFR
2FR = 2( -4.1244 - F cos 45)(- cos 45) + 2(7 - F sin 45)(-sin 45) = 0
. We or
dF
m W ina g
b)
ed e n
in
no W iss ea s
F = 2.03 kN
itt id tio
Ans.
is e D t w
t p or em ch
d th g. in t la
From Eq. (1); FR = 7.87 kN Ans.
an on in rs h
k g rn to rig
or in a uc y
w d le tr p
er ld
Also, from the figure require
e lu nt ns co
th inc de f i es
(FR)x = 0 = Fx; F + 14 sin 15 - 8 cos 45 = 0

of rk ( stu e o tat
ity o g us d S
F = 2.03 kN Ans.
te is ss th ite
(FR)y = Fy; FR = 14 cos 15 - 8 sin 45

in f th se for Un
gr w in e
FR = 7.87 kN Ans.
th t o a ly by
y ar d le d
ro p an o te
st ny s d s ec
de f a rse de ot
s
ill o u vi pr
w le co ro is
sa eir is p rk
th d wo
an his
e
T
254.
Three forces act on the bracket. Determine the magnitude and

direction u of F1 so that the resultant force is directed along the
positive x axis and has a magnitude of 1 kN. y
F2 450 N
45
F3 200 N
x
SOLUTION
30
+ F = F ;
: 1000 cos 30 = 200 + 450 cos 45 + F1 cos(u + 30)
Rx x u
x
+ c FRy = Fy ; - 1000 sin 30 = 450 sin 45 - F1 sin(u + 30)
F1
F1 sin(u + 30) = 818.198
F1 cos(u + 30) = 347.827
u + 30 = 66.97, u = 37.0 Ans.
F1 = 889 N Ans.
. We or
m W ina g
b)
ed e n
in
no W iss ea s
itt id tio
is e D t w
t p or em ch
d th g. in t la
an on in rs h
k g rn to rig
or in a uc y
w d le tr p
er ld
e lu nt ns co
th inc de f i es
of rk ( stu e o tat
ity o g us d S
te is ss th ite
in f th se for Un
gr w in e
th t o a ly by
y ar d le d
ro p an o te
st ny s d s ec
de f a rse de ot
s
ill o u vi pr
w le co ro is
sa eir is p rk
th d wo
an his
e
T
255.
If F1 = 300 N and u = 20, determine the magnitude and

direction, measured counterclockwise from the x axis, of
the resultant force of the three forces acting on the bracket. y
F2 450 N
45
F3 200 N
x
SOLUTION
30
+ F = F ;
: FRx = 300 cos 50 + 200 + 450 cos 45 = 711.03 N
Rx x u
x
+ c FRy = Fy ; FRy = - 300 sin 50 + 450 sin 45 = 88.38 N
F1
FR = 2 (711.03)2 + (88.38)2 = 717 N Ans.
88.38
f (angle from x axis) = tan - 1 B R
711.03
f = 7.10
. We or
f (angle from x axis) = 30 + 7.10
m W ina g
b)
ed e n
in
no W iss ea s
itt id tio
is e D t w
t p or em ch
f = 37.1 Ans.
d th g. in t la
an on in rs h
k g rn to rig
or in a uc y
w d le tr p
er ld
e lu nt ns co
th inc de f i es
of rk ( stu e o tat
ity o g us d S
te is ss th ite
in f th se for Un
gr w in e
th t o a ly by
y ar d le d
ro p an o te
st ny s d s ec
de f a rse de ot
s
ill o u vi pr
w le co ro is
sa eir is p rk
th d wo
an his
e
T
*256.
Three forces act on the bracket. Determine the magnitude and y

direction u of F2 so that the resultant force is directed along
the positive u axis and has a magnitude of 50 lb.
F3 52 lb
13 12
SOLUTION 5

F1 80 lb
5 x
+ F = F ;
: 50 cos 25 = 80 + 52 a b + F2 cos (25 + u)
Rx x
13 25
F2 cos (25 + u) = - 54.684 (1) u

u
12 F2
+ c FRy = Fy; - 50 sin 25 = 52 a b - F2 sin (25 + u)
13
F2 sin (25 + u) = 69.131 (2)
Solving Eqs. (1) and (2) yields
. We or
m W ina g
25 + u = 128.35 u = 103
b)
Ans.
ed e n
in
no W iss ea s
itt id tio
is e D t w
t p or em ch
d th g. in t la
F2 = 88.1 lb Ans.
an on in rs h
k g rn to rig
or in a uc y
w d le tr p
er ld
e lu nt ns co
th inc de f i es
of rk ( stu e o tat
ity o g us d S
te is ss th ite
in f th se for Un
gr w in e
th t o a ly by
y ar d le d
ro p an o te
st ny s d s ec
de f a rse de ot
s
ill o u vi pr
w le co ro is
sa eir is p rk
th d wo
an his
e
T
257.
If F2 = 150 lb and u = 55, determine the magnitude and y

direction, measured clockwise from the positive x axis, of the
resultant force of the three forces acting on the bracket.
F3 52 lb
13 12
SOLUTION 5

F1 80 lb
5 x
+ F = F ;
: FRx = 80 + 52 a b + 150 cos 80
Rx x
13 25
= 126.05 lb : u
u
12 F2
+ c FRy = Fy; FRy = 52 a b - 150 sin 80
13
= - 99.72 lb = 99.72 lb T
. We or
m W ina g
FR = 2F 2Rx + F 2Ry = 2126.052 + 99.72 2 = 161 lb
b)
Ans.
ed e n
in
no W iss ea s
itt id tio
is e D t w
t p or em ch
d th g. in t la
The direction angle u measured clockwise from positive x axis is
an on in rs h
k g rn to rig
FRy 99.72 or in a uc y
w d le tr p
u = tan - 1 = tan - 1 a
er ld
b = 38.3 Ans.
e lu nt ns co
FRx 126.05
th inc de f i es
of rk ( stu e o tat
ity o g us d S
te is ss th ite
in f th se for Un
gr w in e
th t o a ly by
y ar d le d
ro p an o te
st ny s d s ec
de f a rse de ot
s
ill o u vi pr
w le co ro is
sa eir is p rk
th d wo
an his
e
T
258.
If the magnitude of the resultant force acting on the bracket y

is to be 450 N directed along the positive u axis, determine F1 u
the magnitude of F1 and its direction f.
f
30
x
SOLUTION F2 200 N
Rectangular Components: By referring to Fig. a, the x and y components of F1, F2, 12 13

F3, and FR can be written as 5
(F1)x = F1 sin f (F1)y = F1 cos f F3 260 N
(F2)x = 200 N ( F2)y = 0
5 12
(F3)x = 260 = 100 N (F3)y = 260 = 240 N
13 13
(FR)x = 450 cos 30 = 389.71 N (FR)y = 450 sin 30 = 225 N
. We or
+ (F ) = F ;
: 389.71 = F1 sin f + 200 + 100
m W ina g
b)
ed e n
R x x
in
no W iss ea s
itt id tio
is e D t w
t p or em ch
d th g. in t la
F1 sin f = 89.71 (1)
an on in rs h
k g rn to rig
+ c (FR)y = Fy; 225 = F1 cos f - 240 or in a uc y
w d le tr p
er ld
e lu nt ns co
F1 cos f = 465 (2)

th inc de f i es
of rk ( stu e o tat
ity o g us d S

te is ss th ite
f = 10.9 F1 = 474 N Ans.

in f th se for Un
gr w in e
th t o a ly by
y ar d le d
ro p an o te
st ny s d s ec
de f a rse de ot
s
ill o u vi pr
w le co ro is
sa eir is p rk
th d wo
an his
e
T
259.
If the resultant force acting on the bracket is required to be y

a minimum, determine the magnitudes of F1 and the F1 u
resultant force. Set f = 30.
f
30
x
SOLUTION F2 200 N
Rectangular Components: By referring to Fig. a, the x and y components of F1, F2, 12 13

and F3 can be written as 5
(F1)x = F1 sin 30 = 0.5F1 (F1)y = F1 cos 30 = 0.8660F1 F3 260 N
(F2)x = 200 N (F2)y = 0

5 12
(F3)x = 260 a b = 100 N (F3)y = 260a b = 240 N
13 13
+ (F ) = F ;
: (FR)x = 0.5F1 + 200 + 100 = 0.5F1 + 300
R x x
+ c (FR)y = Fy;
. We or
(FR)y = 0.8660F1 - 240
m W ina g
b)
ed e n
in
no W iss ea s
itt id tio
is e D t w
t p or em ch
d th g. in t la
an on in rs h
k g rn to rig
FR = 2(FR)x2 + (FR)y2
or in a uc y
w d le tr p
er ld
e lu nt ns co
= 2(0.5F1 + 300)2 + (0.8660F1 - 240)2

th inc de f i es
of rk ( stu e o tat
= 2F 21 - 115.69F1 + 147 600 (1)

ity o g us d S
te is ss th ite
Thus,
in f th se for Un
gr w in e
FR2 = F 21 - 115.69F1 + 147 600

th t o a ly by
(2)
y ar d le d
ro p an o te
The first derivative of Eq. (2) is

st ny s d s ec
de f a rse de ot
dFR
ill o u vi pr
2FR = 2F1 - 115.69 (3)

w le co ro is
dF1
sa eir is p rk
th d wo
dFR
For FR to be minimum, = 0. Thus, from Eq. (3)
an his
dF1
T
dFR
2FR = 2F1 - 115.69 = 0
dF1
F1 = 57.846 N = 57.8 N Ans.
from Eq. (1),
FR = 2(57.846)2 - 115.69(57.846) + 147 600 = 380 N Ans.
*260.
The stock mounted on the lathe is subjected to a force of

60 N. Determine the coordinate direction angle b and
express the force as a Cartesian vector.
z
60 N
45
SOLUTION b
1 = 2cos a + cos b + cos g

2 2 2
60
2 2 2
1 = cos 60 + cos b + cos 45 y
x
cos b = ; 0.5
b = 60, 120
Use
b = 120 Ans.
. We or
m W ina g
F = 60 N(cos 60i + cos 120j + cos 45k)
b)
ed e n
in
no W iss ea s
itt id tio
is e D t w
t p or em ch
d th g. in t la
= {30i - 30j + 42.4k} N Ans.
an on in rs h
k g rn to rig
or in a uc y
w d le tr p
er ld
e lu nt ns co
th inc de f i es
of rk ( stu e o tat
ity o g us d S
te is ss th ite
in f th se for Un
gr w in e
th t o a ly by
y ar d le d
ro p an o te
st ny s d s ec
de f a rse de ot
s
ill o u vi pr
w le co ro is
sa eir is p rk
th d wo
an his
e
T
261.
Determine the magnitude and coordinate direction angles z

of the resultant force and sketch this vector on the
coordinate system.
F1 80 lb
y
30
40
F2 130 lb
SOLUTION
x
F1 = {80 cos 30 cos 40i - 80 cos 30 sin 40j + 80 sin 30k} lb
F1 = {53.1i - 44.5j + 40k} lb
F2 = { -130k} lb
FR = F1 + F2
FR = {53.1i - 44.5j - 90.0k} lb
FR = 2(53.1)2 + (- 44.5)2 + ( -90.0)2 = 114 lb Ans.
. We or
m W ina g
53.1
b)
ed e n
a = cos-1 = 62.1
in
no W iss ea s
Ans.
itt id tio
is e D t w
t p or em ch
113.6
d th g. in t la
an on in rs h
-44.5
k g rn to rig
b = cos-1 = 113 or in a uc y Ans.
113.6
w d le tr p
er ld
e lu nt ns co
-90.0
th inc de f i es
g = cos-1 = 142 Ans.

of rk ( stu e o tat
113.6
ity o g us d S
te is ss th ite
in f th se for Un
gr w in e
th t o a ly by
y ar d le d
ro p an o te
st ny s d s ec
de f a rse de ot
s
ill o u vi pr
w le co ro is
sa eir is p rk
th d wo
an his
e
T
262.
Specify the coordinate direction angles of F1 and F2 and z

express each force as a Cartesian vector.
F1 80 lb
y
30
40
F2 130 lb
SOLUTION
x
F1 = {80 cos 30 cos 40i - 80 cos 30 sin 40j + 80 sin 30k} lb
F1 = {53.1i - 44.5j + 40k} lb Ans.
53.1
a1 = cos-1 = 48.4 Ans.
80
-44.5
b 1 = cos-1 = 124 Ans.
80
40
g1 = cos-1 a b = 60
. We or
Ans.
80
m W ina g
b)
ed e n
in
no W iss ea s
itt id tio
is e D t w
t p or em ch
d th g. in t la
F2 = {-130k} lb Ans.
an on in rs h
k g rn to rig
0
a2 = cos-1 = 90 or in a uc y Ans.
w d le tr p
er ld
130
e lu nt ns co
th inc de f i es
0
of rk ( stu e o tat
b 2 = cos-1 = 90 Ans.
ity o g us d S
130
te is ss th ite
-130
in f th se for Un
g2 = cos-1 = 180 Ans.

gr w in e
130
th t o a ly by
y ar d le d
ro p an o te
st ny s d s ec
de f a rse de ot
s
ill o u vi pr
w le co ro is
sa eir is p rk
th d wo
an his
e
T
263.
The bolt is subjected to the force F, which has components z

acting along the x, y, z axes as shown. If the magnitude of F is
80 N, and a = 60 and g = 45, determine the magnitudes
of its components.
Fz
g
F b
y
Fy a
SOLUTION
Fx
cosb = 21 - cos2 a - cos2g
= 21 - cos2 60 - cos2 45
x
b = 120
Fx = |80 cos 60| = 40 N Ans.
Fy = |80 cos 120| = 40 N Ans.
Fz = |80 cos 45| = 56.6 N Ans.
. We or
m W ina g
b)
ed e n
in
no W iss ea s
itt id tio
is e D t w
t p or em ch
d th g. in t la
an on in rs h
k g rn to rig
or in a uc y
w d le tr p
er ld
e lu nt ns co
th inc de f i es
of rk ( stu e o tat
ity o g us d S
te is ss th ite
in f th se for Un
gr w in e
th t o a ly by
y ar d le d
ro p an o te
st ny s d s ec
de f a rse de ot
s
ill o u vi pr
w le co ro is
sa eir is p rk
th d wo
an his
e
T
*264.
Determine the magnitude and coordinate direction angles of

F1 = 560i - 50j + 40k6 N and F2 = 5- 40i - 85j + 30k6 N.
Sketch each force on an x, y, z reference frame.
SOLUTION
F1 = 60 i - 50 j + 40 k
F1 = 216022 + 1 - 5022 + 14022 = 87.7496 = 87.7 N Ans.
60
a1 = cos-1 a b = 46.9 Ans.
87.7496
- 50
b 1 = cos-1 a b = 125 Ans.
87.7496
40
g1 = cos-1 a
. We or
b = 62.9 Ans.
m W ina g
87.7496
b)
ed e n
in
no W iss ea s
itt id tio
is e D t w
t p or em ch
d th g. in t la
F2 = - 40 i - 85 j + 30 k
an on in rs h
k g rn to rig
F2 = 21- 4022 + 1 -8522 + 13022 = 98.615 = 98.6 N or in a uc y
w d le tr p Ans.
er ld
e lu nt ns co
-40
a2 = cos-1 a
th inc de f i es
b = 114 Ans.
98.615
of rk ( stu e o tat
ity o g us d S
-85
b 2 = cos-1 a
te is ss th ite
b = 150 Ans.
98.615
in f th se for Un
gr w in e
th t o a ly by
30
g2 = cos-1 = 72.3
y ar d le d
Ans.
ro p an o te
98.615
st ny s d s ec
de f a rse de ot
s
ill o u vi pr
w le co ro is
sa eir is p rk
th d wo
an his
e
T
265.
The cable at the end of the crane boom exerts a force of z

250 lb on the boom as shown. Express F as a Cartesian
vector.
y
70
30
SOLUTION x
Cartesian Vector Notation: With a = 30 and b = 70, the third coordinate

direction angle g can be determined using Eq. 28.
F = 250 lb
cos2 a + cos2 b + cos2 g = 1
cos2 30 + cos2 70 + cos2 g = 1
cos g = ; 0.3647
g = 68.61 or 111.39
. We or
By inspection, g = 111.39 since the force F is directed in negative octant.
m W ina g
b)
ed e n
in
no W iss ea s
itt id tio
is e D t w
t p or em ch
F = 2505cos 30i + cos 70j + cos 111.396 lb
d th g. in t la
an on in rs h
= 217i + 85.5j - 91.2k lb
k g rn to rig
Ans.
or in a uc y
w d le tr p
er ld
e lu nt ns co
th inc de f i es
of rk ( stu e o tat
ity o g us d S
te is ss th ite
in f th se for Un
gr w in e
th t o a ly by
y ar d le d
ro p an o te
st ny s d s ec
de f a rse de ot
s
ill o u vi pr
w le co ro is
sa eir is p rk
th d wo
an his
e
T
266.
Express each force acting on the pipe assembly in Cartesian

vector form. z
5
F1 600 lb 120
3
4
y
60
SOLUTION x
Rectangular Components: Since cos2 a2 + cos2 b 2 + cos2 g2 = 1, then

F2 400 lb
cos b 2 = ; 21 - cos2 60 - cos2 120 = ;0.7071. However, it is required that
b 2 6 90, thus, b 2 = cos - 1(0.7071) = 45. By resolving F1 and F2 into their x, y, and
z components, as shown in Figs. a and b, respectively, F1 and F2 can be expressed in
Cartesian vector form, as
. We or
4 3
m W ina g
F1 = 600 a b (+ i) + 0j + 600 a b ( +k)
b)
ed e n
in
no W iss ea s
itt id tio
5 5
is e D t w
t p or em ch
d th g. in t la
= [480i + 360k] lb
an on in rs h
Ans.
k g rn to rig
or in a uc y
F2 = 400 cos 60i + 400 cos 45j + 400 cos 120k
w d le tr p
er ld
e lu nt ns co
th inc de f i es
= [200i + 283j - 200k] lb Ans.

of rk ( stu e o tat
ity o g us d S
te is ss th ite
in f th se for Un
gr w in e
th t o a ly by
y ar d le d
ro p an o te
st ny s d s ec
de f a rse de ot
s
ill o u vi pr
w le co ro is
sa eir is p rk
th d wo
an his
e
T
267.
Determine the magnitude and direction of the resultant

force acting on the pipe assembly. z
5
F1 600 lb 120
3
4
y
60
SOLUTION x
Force Vectors: Since cos 2 a 2 + cos 2 b 2 + cos 2 g 2 = 1, then cos g 2 =

F2 400 lb
; 2 1 - cos 2 60 - cos 2 120 = ; 0.7071. However, it is required that
b2 6 90, thus, b2 = cos - 1(0.7071) = 45. By resolving F1 and F2 into their x, y, and
z components, as shown in Figs. a and b, respectively, F1 and F2 can be expressed in
Cartesian vector form, as
. We or
4 3
m W ina g
F1 = 600 a b ( +i) + 0j + 600 a b ( +k)
b)
ed e n
in
no W iss ea s
itt id tio
5 5
is e D t w
t p or em ch
d th g. in t la
= {480i + 360k} lb
an on in rs h
k g rn to rig
F2 = 400 cos 60i + 400 cos 45j + 400 cos 120k
or in a uc y
w d le tr p
er ld
e lu nt ns co
th inc de f i es
= {200i + 282.84j - 200k} lb

of rk ( stu e o tat
ity o g us d S
Resultant Force: By adding F1 and F2 vectorally, we obtain FR.

te is ss th ite
in f th se for Un
FR = F1 + F2
gr w in e
th t o a ly by
= (480i + 360k) + (200i + 282.84j - 200k)

y ar d le d
ro p an o te
st ny s d s ec
= {680i + 282.84j + 160k} lb

de f a rse de ot
s
ill o u vi pr
w le co ro is
The magnitude of FR is
sa eir is p rk
th d wo
FR = 2(FR)x2 + (FR)y2 + (FR)z2

an his
= 26802 + 282.84 2 + 1602 = 753.66 lb = 754 lb

T
Ans.
The coordinate direction angles of FR are
(FR)x 680
a = cos - 1 B R = cos - 1 = 25.5 Ans.
FR 753.66
(FR)y 282.84
b = cos - 1 B R = cos - 1 = 68.0 Ans.
FR 753.66
(FR)z 160
g = cos - 1 B R = cos - 1 = 77.7 Ans.
FR 753.66
*268.
Express each force as a Cartesian vector. z
30
x 30 y
SOLUTION 45
F1 300 N
Rectangular Components: By referring to Figs. a and b, the x, y, and z components
of F1 and F2 can be written as
(F1)x = 300 cos 30 = 259.8 N (F2)x = 500 cos 45 sin 30 = 176.78 N

F2 500 N
(F1)y = 0 (F2)y = 500 cos 45 cos 30 = 306.19 N
(F1)t = 300 sin 30 = 150 N (F2)z = 500 sin 45 = 353.55 N
Thus, F1 and F2 can be written in Cartesian vector form as
F1 = 259.81(+i) + 0j + 150( -k)
. We or
m W ina g
b)
ed e n
in
no W iss ea s
= {260i - 150k} N Ans.
itt id tio
is e D t w
t p or em ch
d th g. in t la
F2 = 176.78(+i) + 306.19(+j) + 353.55(- k)
an on in rs h
k g rn to rig
= 2{177i + 306j - 354k} N or in a uc y Ans.
w d le tr p
er ld
e lu nt ns co
th inc de f i es
of rk ( stu e o tat
ity o g us d S
te is ss th ite
in f th se for Un
gr w in e
th t o a ly by
y ar d le d
ro p an o te
st ny s d s ec
de f a rse de ot
s
ill o u vi pr
w le co ro is
sa eir is p rk
th d wo
an his
e
T
269.

of the resultant force acting on the hook.
30
x 30 y
SOLUTION 45
F1 300 N
Force Vectors: By resolving F1 and F2 into their x, y, and z components, as shown in
Figs. a and b, respectively, F1 and F2 can be expessed in Cartesian vector form as
F1 = 300 cos 30(+i) + 0j + 300 sin 30( - k)

= {259.81i - 150k} N F2 500 N
F2 = 500 cos 45sin 30( + i) + 500 cos 45 cos 30(+ j) + 500 sin 45( - k)
= {176.78i - 306.19j - 353.55k} N
Resultant Force: The resultant force acting on the hook can be obtained by vectorally
adding F1 and F2. Thus,
. We or
m W ina g
b)
ed e n
FR = F1 + F2
in
no W iss ea s
itt id tio
is e D t w
t p or em ch
d th g. in t la
= (259.81i - 150k) + (176.78i + 306.19j - 353.55k)
an on in rs h
k g rn to rig
= {436.58i) + 306.19j - 503.55k} N or in a uc y
w d le tr p
er ld
e lu nt ns co
th inc de f i es
of rk ( stu e o tat
FR = 2(FR)x2 + (FR)y 2(FR)z 2

ity o g us d S
te is ss th ite
= 2(436.58)2 + (306.19)2 + ( - 503.55)2 = 733.43 N = 733 N Ans.

in f th se for Un
gr w in e
th t o a ly by

y ar d le d
ux = cos-1 c d = cos-1 a b = 53.5

(FR)x 436.58
ro p an o te
Ans.
st ny s d s ec
FR 733.43
de f a rse de ot
s
ill o u vi pr
uy = cos-1 c d = cos-1 a
(FR)y
b = 65.3
306.19
w le co ro is
Ans.
FR 733.43
sa eir is p rk
th d wo
(FR)z
uz = cos-1 c d = cos-1 a b = 133
- 503.55
an his
Ans.
FR 733.43
T
270.
The beam is subjected to the two forces shown. Express each z

force in Cartesian vector form and determine the magnitude
and coordinate direction angles of the resultant force.
F2 250 lb
60
135
SOLUTION 60
7 24
F1 = 630 a b j - 630 a b k y
25 25 24 25
x
F1 = (176.4 j - 604.8k) 7
F1 630 lb
F1 = {176j - 605k} lb Ans.
F2 = 250 cos 60i + 250 cos 135j + 250 cos 60k
F2 = (125i - 176.777j + 125k)
F2 = {125i - 177j + 125k} lb
. We or
Ans.
m W ina g
b)
ed e n
in
no W iss ea s
itt id tio
is e D t w
FR = F1 + F2
t p or em ch
d th g. in t la
an on in rs h
FR = 125i - 0.3767j - 479.8k
k g rn to rig
or in a uc y
w d le tr p
er ld
FR = {125i - 0.377j - 480k} lb
e lu nt ns co
th inc de f i es
FR = 2(125)2 + (- 0.3767)2 + ( - 479.8)2 = 495.82

of rk ( stu e o tat
ity o g us d S
= 496 lb Ans.
te is ss th ite
in f th se for Un
125
a = cos-1 a
gr w in e
b = 75.4 Ans.
th t o a ly by
495.82
y ar d le d
ro p an o te
- 0.3767
st ny s d s ec
b = cos-1 a b = 90.0 Ans.

de f a rse de ot
495.82
s
ill o u vi pr
w le co ro is
- 479.8
g = cos-1 a
sa eir is p rk
b = 165 Ans.
th d wo
495.82
an his
e
T
271.
If the resultant force acting on the bracket is directed along z

the positive y axis, determine the magnitude of the resultant
force and the coordinate direction angles of F so that
b 6 90.
g F 500 N
SOLUTION
Force Vectors: By resolving F1 and F into their x, y, and z components, as shown in b
Figs. a and b, respectively, F1 and F can be expressed in Cartesian vector form as a
F1 = 600 cos 30 sin 30(+i) + 600 cos 30 cos 30(+j) + 600 sin 30(-k)
30
= {259.81i + 450j - 300k} N y
x 30
F = 500 cos ai + 500 cos bj + 500 cos gk
Since the resultant force FR is directed towards the positive y axis, then F1 600 N
FR = FR j
Resultant Force:
. We or
m W ina g
b)
ed e n
in
no W iss ea s
itt id tio
FR = F1 + F
is e D t w
t p or em ch
d th g. in t la
an on in rs h
FR j = (259.81i + 450j - 300k) + (500 cos ai + 500 cos bj + 500 cos gk)
k g rn to rig
or in a uc y
w d le tr p
er ld
FR j = (259.81 + 500 cos a)i + (450 + 500 cos b)j + (500 cos g - 300)k
e lu nt ns co
th inc de f i es
of rk ( stu e o tat
Equating the i, j, and k components,

ity o g us d S
0 = 259.81 + 500 cos a

te is ss th ite
in f th se for Un
a = 121.31 = 121 Ans.

gr w in e
th t o a ly by
FR = 450 + 500 cos b

y ar d le d
(1)
ro p an o te
st ny s d s ec
0 = 500 cos g - 300

de f a rse de ot
s
ill o u vi pr
w le co ro is
g = 53.13 = 53.1 Ans.

sa eir is p rk
th d wo
However, since cos2 a + cos2 b + cos2 g = 1, a = 121.31, and g = 53.13,

an his
e
T
cos b = ; 21 - cos2 121.31 - cos2 53.13 = ;0.6083
If we substitute cos b = 0.6083 into Eq. (1),

2
FR = 450 + 500(0.6083) = 754 N Ans.
and 2
b = cos - 1 (0.6083) = 52.5 Ans.
2 2
*272.
A force F is applied at the top of the tower at A. If it acts in z

the direction shown such that one of its components lying in
the shaded y-z plane has a magnitude of 80 lb, determine its A
magnitude F and coordinate direction angles a, b, g. y
60
45
x
SOLUTION 80 lb
Cartesian Vector Notation: The magnitude of force F is
F cos 45 = 80 F = 113.14 lb = 113 lb Ans.

F
Thus,
F = 5113.14 sin 45i + 80 cos 60j - 80 sin 60k6 lb
= 580.0i + 40.0j - 69.28k6 lb
The coordinate direction angles are
. We or
m W ina g
b)
ed e n
Fx
in
no W iss ea s
80.0
itt id tio
is e D t w
cos a = = a = 45.0
t p or em ch
Ans.
d th g. in t la
F 113.14
an on in rs h
k g rn to rig
Fy 40.0
cos b = = b = 69.3 or in a uc y Ans.
w d le tr p
er ld
F 113.14
e lu nt ns co
th inc de f i es
Fz - 69.28
of rk ( stu e o tat
cos g = = g = 128 Ans.

F
ity o g us d S
113.14
te is ss th ite
in f th se for Un
gr w in e
th t o a ly by
y ar d le d
ro p an o te
st ny s d s ec
de f a rse de ot
s
ill o u vi pr
w le co ro is
sa eir is p rk
th d wo
an his
e
T
273.
The spur gear is subjected to the two forces caused by z

contact with other gears. Express each force as a Cartesian
vector. 60
F2 180 lb
SOLUTION 60 135
7 24 y
F1 = (50)j - (50)k = {14.0j - 48.0k} lb Ans.
25 25 x
25
F2 = 180 cos 60i + 180 cos 135j + 180 cos 60k 24

7
= {90i - 127j + 90k} lb Ans. F1 50 lb
. We or
m W ina g
b)
ed e n
in
no W iss ea s
itt id tio
is e D t w
t p or em ch
d th g. in t la
an on in rs h
k g rn to rig
or in a uc y
w d le tr p
er ld
e lu nt ns co
th inc de f i es
of rk ( stu e o tat
ity o g us d S
te is ss th ite
in f th se for Un
gr w in e
th t o a ly by
y ar d le d
ro p an o te
st ny s d s ec
de f a rse de ot
s
ill o u vi pr
w le co ro is
sa eir is p rk
th d wo
an his
e
T
274.
The spur gear is subjected to the two forces caused by z

contact with other gears. Determine the resultant of the two
forces and express the result as a Cartesian vector. 60
F2 180 lb
SOLUTION 60 135
FRx = 180 cos 60 = 90 y

x
7 25
FRy = (50) + 180 cos 135 = -113
25 24
7
24 F1 50 lb
FRz = - (50) + 180 cos 60 = 42
25
FR = {90i - 113j + 42k} lb Ans.
. We or
m W ina g
b)
ed e n
in
no W iss ea s
itt id tio
is e D t w
t p or em ch
d th g. in t la
an on in rs h
k g rn to rig
or in a uc y
w d le tr p
er ld
e lu nt ns co
th inc de f i es
of rk ( stu e o tat
ity o g us d S
te is ss th ite
in f th se for Un
gr w in e
th t o a ly by
y ar d le d
ro p an o te
st ny s d s ec
de f a rse de ot
s
ill o u vi pr
w le co ro is
sa eir is p rk
th d wo
an his
e
T
275.
Determine the coordinate direction angles of force F1. z
F1 600 N
5
F2 450 N
3
4
45
30
y
SOLUTION x
Rectangular Components: By referring to Figs. a, the x, y, and z components of F1

can be written as
(F1)x = 600 a b cos 30 N (F1)y = 600 a b sin 30 N (F1)z = 600a b N

4 4 3
5 5 5
Thus, F1 expressed in Cartesian vector form can be written as
F1 = 600 e sin 30(-j) + ( +k) f N

4 4 3
cos 30( + i) +
5 5 5
= 600[0.6928i - 0.4j + 0.6k] N
. We or
m W ina g
b)
ed e n
in
no W iss ea s
Therefore, the unit vector for F1 is given by
itt id tio
is e D t w
t p or em ch
d th g. in t la
an on in rs h
F1 600(0.6928i - 0.4j + 0.6k
k g rn to rig
uF1 = = = 0.6928i - 0.4j + 0.6k
F1 600 or in a uc y
w d le tr p
er ld
e lu nt ns co
The coordinate direction angles of F1 are

th inc de f i es
of rk ( stu e o tat
a = cos-1(uF1)x = cos-1(0.6928) = 46.1 Ans.

ity o g us d S
te is ss th ite
b = cos-1(uF1)y = cos-1( -0.4) = 114 Ans.

in f th se for Un
gr w in e
g = cos-1(uF1)z = cos-1(0.6) = 53.1 Ans.

th t o a ly by
y ar d le d
ro p an o te
st ny s d s ec
de f a rse de ot
s
ill o u vi pr
w le co ro is
sa eir is p rk
th d wo
an his
e
T
*276.

of the resultant force acting on the eyebolt.
F1 600 N
5
F2 450 N
3
4
45
30
y
x
SOLUTION
Force Vectors: By resolving F1 and F2 into their x, y, and z components, as shown in
Figs. a and b, respectively, they are expressed in Cartesian vector form as
F1 = 600 a b cos 30( + i) + 600a b sin 30( -j) + 600 a b( +k)

4 4 3
5 5 5
= 5415.69i - 240j + 360k6 N
. We or
F2 = 0i + 450 cos 45(+ j) + 450 sin 45( + k)
m W ina g
b)
ed e n
in
no W iss ea s
itt id tio
is e D t w
= 5318.20j + 318.20k6 N
t p or em ch
d th g. in t la
an on in rs h
k g rn to rig
Resultant Force: The resultant force acting on the eyebolt can be obtained by
or in a uc y
w d le tr p
vectorally adding F1 and F2. Thus,
er ld
e lu nt ns co
th inc de f i es
FR = F1 + F2
of rk ( stu e o tat
ity o g us d S
= (415.69i - 240j + 360k) + (318.20j + 318.20k)

te is ss th ite
= 5415.69i + 78.20j + 678.20k6 N

in f th se for Un
gr w in e
th t o a ly by
The magnitude of FR is given by

y ar d le d
ro p an o te
st ny s d s ec
FR = 3(FR)x 2 + (FR)y 2 + (FR)z 2

de f a rse de ot
s
ill o u vi pr
w le co ro is
= 3(415.69)2 + (78.20)2 + (678.20)2 = 799.29 N = 799 N Ans.

sa eir is p rk
th d wo
an his

T
a = cos-1 c d = cos-1 a b = 58.7

(FR)x 415.69
Ans.
FR 799.29
(FR)y
b = cos-1 c d = cos-1 a b = 84.4
78.20
Ans.
FR 799.29
(FR)z
g = cos-1 c d = cos-1 a b = 32.0
678.20
Ans.
FR 799.29
277.
The cables attached to the screw eye are subjected to the z

three forces shown. Express each force in Cartesian vector F1 = 350 N
form and determine the magnitude and coordinate direction
angles of the resultant force. 40
F3 = 250 N 60
45 120
y
60
SOLUTION 60
Cartesian Vector Notation: 45

x
F1 = 3505sin 40j + cos 40k6 N F2 = 100 N
= 5224.98j + 268.12k6 N
= 5225j + 268k6 N Ans.
F2 = 1005cos 45i + cos 60j + cos 120k6 N
= 570.71i + 50.0j - 50.0k6 N
. We or
= 570.7i + 50.0j - 50.0k6 N
m W ina g
Ans.
b)
ed e n
in
no W iss ea s
itt id tio
is e D t w
t p or em ch
d th g. in t la
F3 = 2505cos 60i + cos 135j + cos 60k6 N
an on in rs h
k g rn to rig
= 5125.0i - 176.78j + 125.0k6 N or in a uc y
w d le tr p
er ld
e lu nt ns co
= 5125i - 177j + 125k6 N Ans.

th inc de f i es
of rk ( stu e o tat
ity o g us d S
Resultant Force:
te is ss th ite
FR = F1 + F2 + F3
in f th se for Un
gr w in e
th t o a ly by
= 5170.71 + 125.02i + 1224.98 + 50.0 - 176.782j + 1268.12 - 50.0 + 125.02k6 N

y ar d le d
ro p an o te
= 5195.71i + 98.20j + 343.12k6 N

st ny s d s ec
de f a rse de ot
s
ill o u vi pr
The magnitude of the resultant force is

w le co ro is
sa eir is p rk
FR = 2F2Rx + F2Ry + F2Rz

th d wo
an his
= 2195.712 + 98.202 + 343.122

T
= 407.03 N = 407 N Ans.
FRx 195.71
cos a = = a = 61.3 Ans.
FR 407.03
FRy 98.20
cos b = = b = 76.0 Ans.
FR 407.03
FRz 343.12
cos g = = g = 32.5 Ans.
FR 407.03
278.
Three forces act on the ring. If the resultant force FR has a z

magnitude and direction as shown, determine the
magnitude and the coordinate direction angles of force F3.
F3
FR 120 N
F2 110 N
SOLUTION
Cartesian Vector Notation: F1 80 N 5 45
y
3 4
FR = 120{cos 45sin 30i + cos 45cos 30j + sin 45k} N 30
= {42.43i + 73.48j + 84.85k} N
4 3
F1 = 80 b i + k r N = {64.0i + 48.0k} N
5 5 x
F2 = { -110k} N
F3 = {F3x i + F3y j + F3z k} N
Resultant Force:
. We or
m W ina g
b)
ed e n
in
no W iss ea s
FR = F1 + F2 + F3
itt id tio
is e D t w
t p or em ch
d th g. in t la
{42.43i + 73.48j + 84.85k} = E A 64.0 + F3 x B i + F3 y j + A 48.0 - 110 + F3 z B k F
an on in rs h
k g rn to rig
or in a uc y
w d le tr p
er ld
e lu nt ns co
Equating i, j and k components, we have
th inc de f i es
64.0 + F3 x = 42.43 F3x = -21.57 N

of rk ( stu e o tat
ity o g us d S
F3 y = 73.48 N
te is ss th ite
in f th se for Un
48.0 - 110 + F3 z = 84.85 F3 z = 146.85 N

gr w in e
th t o a ly by
y ar d le d
The magnitude of force F3 is

ro p an o te
st ny s d s ec
F3 = 2F 23 x + F 23 y + F 23 z
de f a rse de ot
s
ill o u vi pr
w le co ro is
= 2(- 21.57)2 + 73.482 + 146.852

sa eir is p rk
th d wo
= 165.62 N = 166 N Ans.

an his
e
T
The coordinate direction angles for F3 are
F3 x - 21.57
cos a = = a = 97.5 Ans.
F3 165.62
F3 y 73.48
cos b = = b = 63.7 Ans.
F3 165.62
F3 z 146.85
cos g = = = g = 27.5 Ans.
F3 165.62
279.
Determine the coordinate direction angles of F1 and FR. z
F3
FR 120 N
F2 110 N
SOLUTION
Unit Vector of F1 and FR : F1 80 N 5 45
y
3 4
4 3 30
u F1 = i + k = 0.8i + 0.6k
5 5
uR = cos 45 sin 30i + cos 45 cos 30j + sin 45k
= 0.3536i + 0.6124j + 0.7071k x
Thus, the coordinate direction angles F1 and FR are
cos aF1 = 0.8 aF1 = 36.9 Ans.
cos b F1 = 0 b F1 = 90.0 Ans.
. We or
m W ina g
b)
ed e n
in
no W iss ea s
cos gF1 = 0.6 gF1 = 53.1
itt id tio
Ans.
is e D t w
t p or em ch
d th g. in t la
an on in rs h
k g rn to rig
cos aR = 0.3536 aR = 69.3 or in a uc y
w d le tr p Ans.
er ld
e lu nt ns co
cos b R = 0.6124 b R = 52.2 Ans.

th inc de f i es
of rk ( stu e o tat
cos gR = 0.7071 gR = 45.0 Ans.

ity o g us d S
te is ss th ite
in f th se for Un
gr w in e
th t o a ly by
y ar d le d
ro p an o te
st ny s d s ec
de f a rse de ot
s
ill o u vi pr
w le co ro is
sa eir is p rk
th d wo
an his
e
T
*280.
If the coordinate direction angles for F3 are a3 = 120, z

b 3 = 45 and g3 = 60, determine the magnitude and
coordinate direction angles of the resultant force acting on F3 800 lb
the eyebolt.
5
4 3 F2 600 lb
SOLUTION
Force Vectors: By resolving F1, F2 and F3 into their x, y, and z components, as shown 30
in Figs. a, b, and c, respectively, F1, F2 and F3 can be expressed in Cartesian vector y
x
form as
F1 700 lb
F1 = 700 cos 30(+ i) + 700 sin 30( +j) = 5606.22i + 350j6 lb
F2 = 0i + 600a b( + j) + 600a b ( + k) = 5480j + 360k6 lb

4 3
5 5
F3 = 800 cos 120i + 800 cos 45j + 800 cos 60k = 3- 400i + 565.69j + 400k4 lb
. We or
Resultant Force: By adding F1, F2 and F3 vectorally, we obtain FR. Thus,
m W ina g
b)
ed e n
in
no W iss ea s
itt id tio
is e D t w
t p or em ch
FR = F1 + F2 + F3
d th g. in t la
an on in rs h
k g rn to rig
= (606.22i + 350j) + (480j + 360k) + (- 400i + 565.69j + 400k)
or in a uc y
w d le tr p
= 3206.22i + 1395.69j + 760k4 lb
er ld
e lu nt ns co
th inc de f i es
of rk ( stu e o tat
ity o g us d S
FR = 3(FR)x 2 + (FR)y 2 + (FR)z 2

te is ss th ite
in f th se for Un
gr w in e
= 3(206.22)2 + (1395.69)2 + (760)2 = 1602.52 lb = 1.60 kip Ans.

th t o a ly by
y ar d le d
ro p an o te

st ny s d s ec
de f a rse de ot
a = cos-1 c d = cos-1 a b = 82.6

(FR)x 206.22
s
ill o u vi pr
Ans.
FR 1602.52
w le co ro is
sa eir is p rk
th d wo
(FR)y
b = cos-1 c d = cos-1 a b = 29.4
1395.69
Ans.
an his
FR 1602.52
T
(FR)z
g = cos-1 c d = cos-1 a b = 61.7
760
Ans.
FR 1602.52
281.
If the coordinate direction angles for F3 are a3 = 120, z

b 3 = 45 and g3 = 60, determine the magnitude and
coordinate direction angles of the resultant force acting on F3 800 lb
the eyebolt.
5
4 3 F2 600 lb
SOLUTION
Force Vectors: By resolving F1, F2 and F3 into their x, y, and z components, as shown 30
in Figs. a, b, and c, respectively, F1, F2, and F3 can be expressed in Cartesian vector x y
form as F1 700 lb
F1 = 700 cos 30(+ i) + 700 sin 30( + j) = 5606.22i + 350j6 lb
F2 = 0i + 600a b( + j) + 600 a b ( + k) = 5480j + 360k6 lb

4 3
5 5
F3 = 800 cos 120i + 800 cos 45j + 800 cos 60k = 5- 400i + 565.69j + 400k6 lb
. We or
FR = F1 + F2 + F3
m W ina g
b)
ed e n
in
no W iss ea s
itt id tio
is e D t w
t p or em ch
d th g. in t la
= 606.22i + 350j + 480j + 360k - 400i + 565.69j + 400k
an on in rs h
= 5206.22i + 1395.69j + 760k6 lb
k g rn to rig
or in a uc y
w d le tr p
er ld
e lu nt ns co
th inc de f i es
FR = 3(206.22)2 + (1395.69)2 + (760)2

of rk ( stu e o tat
ity o g us d S
= 1602.52 lb = 1.60 kip Ans.

te is ss th ite
in f th se for Un
a = cos-1 a b = 82.6
206.22
gr w in e
th t o a ly by
Ans.
1602.52
y ar d le d
ro p an o te
st ny s d s ec
b = cos-1 a b = 29.4
1395.69
de f a rse de ot
Ans.
s
1602.52
ill o u vi pr
w le co ro is
g = cos-1 a b = 61.7
sa eir is p rk
760
Ans.
th d wo
1602.52
an his
e
T
282.
If the direction of the resultant force acting on the eyebolt z

is defined by the unit vector uFR = cos 30j + sin 30k,
determine the coordinate direction angles of F3 and the F3 800 lb
magnitude of FR.
5
4 3 F2 600 lb
SOLUTION
30
Force Vectors: By resolving F1, F2 and F3 into their x, y, and z components, as shown
in Figs. a, b, and c, respectively, F1, F2, and F3 can be expressed in Cartesian vector x y
form as F1 700 lb
F1 = 700 cos 30(+ i) + 700 sin 30( +j) = 5606.22i + 350j6 lb
F2 = 0i + 600a b( + j) + 600a b ( + k) = 5480j + 360k6 lb

4 3
5 5
F3 = 800 cos a3i + 800 cos b 3 j + 800 cos g3k
Since the direction of FR is defined by uFR = cos 30j + sin 30k, it can be written in
. We or
m W ina g
b)
Cartesian vector form as
ed e n
in
no W iss ea s
itt id tio
is e D t w
t p or em ch
d th g. in t la
FR = FRuFR = FR(cos 30j + sin 30k) = 0.8660FR j + 0.5FR k
an on in rs h
k g rn to rig
Resultant Force: By adding F1, F2, and F3 vectorally, we obtain FR. Thus,
or in a uc y
w d le tr p
er ld
e lu nt ns co
FR = F1 + F2 + F3
th inc de f i es
of rk ( stu e o tat
0.8660FR j + 0.5FR k = (606.22i + 350j) + (480j + 360k) + (800 cos a3i + 800 cos b 3 j + 800 cos g3k)
ity o g us d S
0.8660FR j + 0.5FR k = (606.22 + 800 cos a3)i + (350 + 480 + 800 cos b 3)j + (360 + 800 cos g3)k
te is ss th ite
in f th se for Un
gr w in e
Equating the i, j, and k components, we have

th t o a ly by
y ar d le d
0 = 606.22 + 800 cos a3

ro p an o te
st ny s d s ec
800 cos a3 = - 606.22 (1)

de f a rse de ot
s
ill o u vi pr
0.8660FR = 350 + 480 + 800 cos b 3

w le co ro is
800 cos b 3 = 0.8660FR - 830 (2)

sa eir is p rk
th d wo
0.5FR = 360 + 800 cos g3

an his
800 cos g3 = 0.5FR - 360 (3)

T
Squaring and then adding Eqs. (1), (2), and (3), yields
8002 [cos2 a3 + cos2 b 3 + cos2 g3] = FR 2 - 1797.60FR + 1,186,000 (4)

2 2 2
However, cos a3 + cos b 3 + cos g3 = 1. Thus, from Eq. (4)
FR 2 - 1797.60FR + 546,000 = 0
Solving the above quadratic equation, we have two positive roots
FR = 387.09 N = 387 N Ans.

FR = 1410.51 N = 1.41 kN Ans.
From Eq. (1),
a3 = 139 Ans.
Substituting FR = 387.09 N into Eqs. (2), and (3), yields

b 3 = 128 g3 = 102 Ans.
Substituting FR = 1410.51 N into Eqs. (2), and (3), yields
b 3 = 60.7 g3 = 64.4 Ans.
283.
The bracket is subjected to the two forces shown. Express z

each force in Cartesian vector form and then determine the
resultant force FR. Find the magnitude and coordinate F2 = 400 N
direction angles of the resultant force. 60
45
120
SOLUTION y
25
Cartesian Vector Notation:
F1 = 2505cos 35 sin 25i + cos 35 cos 25j - sin 35k6 N 35

x
= 586.55i + 185.60j - 143.39k6 N
F1 = 250 N
= 586.5i + 186j - 143k6 N Ans.
F2 = 4005cos 120i + cos 45j + cos 60k6 N
= 5- 200.0i + 282.84j + 200.0k6 N
. We or
= 5- 200i + 283j + 200k6 N
m W ina g
Ans.
b)
ed e n
in
no W iss ea s
itt id tio
is e D t w
t p or em ch
d th g. in t la
Resultant Force:
an on in rs h
k g rn to rig
FR = F1 + F2 or in a uc y
w d le tr p
er ld
e lu nt ns co
= 5186.55 - 200.02i + 1185.60 + 282.842j + 1 - 143.39 + 200.02 k6

th inc de f i es
of rk ( stu e o tat
= 5- 113.45i + 468.44j + 56.61k6 N

ity o g us d S
te is ss th ite
= 5- 113i + 468j + 56.6k6 N Ans.

in f th se for Un
gr w in e
th t o a ly by
The magnitude of the resultant force is

y ar d le d
ro p an o te
st ny s d s ec
FR = 2F2Rx + F2Ry + F2Rz

de f a rse de ot
s
ill o u vi pr
= 21- 113.4522 + 468.442 + 56.612

w le co ro is
sa eir is p rk
= 485.30 N = 485 N Ans.

th d wo
an his

T
FRx -113.45
cos a = = a = 104 Ans.
FR 485.30
FRy 468.44
cos b = = b = 15.1 Ans.
FR 485.30
FRz 56.61
cos g = = g = 83.3 Ans.
FR 485.30
*284.
The pole is subjected to the force F, which has components z

acting along the x, y, z axes as shown. If the magnitude of F
is 3 kN, b = 30, and g = 75, determine the magnitudes of Fz
its three components.
g F
SOLUTION b Fy
y
a
cos2 a + cos2 30 + cos2 75 = 1
Fx
a = 64.67
Fx = 3 cos 64.67 = 1.28 kN Ans. x
Fy = 3 cos 30 = 2.60 kN Ans.
Fz = 3 cos 75 = 0.776 kN Ans.
. We or
m W ina g
b)
ed e n
in
no W iss ea s
itt id tio
is e D t w
t p or em ch
d th g. in t la
an on in rs h
k g rn to rig
or in a uc y
w d le tr p
er ld
e lu nt ns co
th inc de f i es
of rk ( stu e o tat
ity o g us d S
te is ss th ite
in f th se for Un
gr w in e
th t o a ly by
y ar d le d
ro p an o te
st ny s d s ec
de f a rse de ot
s
ill o u vi pr
w le co ro is
sa eir is p rk
th d wo
an his
e
T
285.
The pole is subjected to the force F which has components z

Fx = 1.5 kN and Fz = 1.25 kN. If b = 75, determine the
magnitudes of F and Fy. Fz
g F
SOLUTION
b Fy
y
a
1.5 2 1.25 2
a b + cos2 75 + a b = 1 Fx
F F
F = 2.02 kN Ans. x
Fy = 2.02 cos 75 = 0.523 kN Ans.
. We or
m W ina g
b)
ed e n
in
no W iss ea s
itt id tio
is e D t w
t p or em ch
d th g. in t la
an on in rs h
k g rn to rig
or in a uc y
w d le tr p
er ld
e lu nt ns co
th inc de f i es
of rk ( stu e o tat
ity o g us d S
te is ss th ite
in f th se for Un
gr w in e
th t o a ly by
y ar d le d
ro p an o te
st ny s d s ec
de f a rse de ot
s
ill o u vi pr
w le co ro is
sa eir is p rk
th d wo
an his
e
T
286.
Express the position vector r in Cartesian vector form; then z

determine its magnitude and coordinate direction angles.
8 ft
B
r 2 ft
y
30
SOLUTION 5
20
ft
r = ( -5 cos 20 sin 30)i + (8 - 5 cos 20 cos 30)j + (2 + 5 sin 20)k
x
A
r = {-2.35i + 3.93j + 3.71k} ft Ans.
r = 2( -2.35)2 + (3.93)2 + (3.71)2 = 5.89 ft Ans.
- 2.35
a = cos-1 a b = 113 Ans.
5.89
. We or
m W ina g
b)
ed e n
in
no W iss ea s
3.93
itt id tio
b = cos-1 a
is e D t w
b = 48.2
t p or em ch
Ans.
d th g. in t la
5.89
an on in rs h
k g rn to rig
3.71 or in a uc y
w d le tr p
er ld
g = cos-1 a b = 51.0
e lu nt ns co
Ans.
5.89
th inc de f i es
of rk ( stu e o tat
ity o g us d S
te is ss th ite
in f th se for Un
gr w in e
th t o a ly by
y ar d le d
ro p an o te
st ny s d s ec
de f a rse de ot
s
ill o u vi pr
w le co ro is
sa eir is p rk
th d wo
an his
e
T
287.
Determine the lengths of wires AD, BD, and CD. The ring z
at D is midway between A and B.
C
B
A D
0.5 m
SOLUTION y
0.5 m 2m
2 + 0 0 + 2 1.5 + 0.5 2m
Da , , b m = D(1, 1, 1) m
2 2 2 1.5 m
rAD = (1 - 2)i + (1 - 0)j + (1 - 1.5)k
= -1i + 1j - 0.5k x
rBD = (1 - 0)i + (1 - 2)j + (1 - 0.5)k
= 1i - 1j + 0.5k
. We or
rCD = (1 - 0)i + (1 - 0)j + (1 - 2)k
m W ina g
b)
ed e n
in
no W iss ea s
itt id tio
is e D t w
t p or em ch
= 1i + 1j - 1k
d th g. in t la
an on in rs h
k g rn to rig
rAD = 2(-1)2 + 12 + ( - 0.5)2 = 1.50 m Ans.
or in a uc y
w d le tr p
er ld
e lu nt ns co
rBD = 212 + ( - 1)2 + 0.52 = 1.50 m Ans.

th inc de f i es
rCD = 212 + 12 + ( -1)2 = 1.73 m

of rk ( stu e o tat
Ans.
ity o g us d S
te is ss th ite
in f th se for Un
gr w in e
th t o a ly by
y ar d le d
ro p an o te
st ny s d s ec
de f a rse de ot
s
ill o u vi pr
w le co ro is
sa eir is p rk
th d wo
an his
e
T
*288.
Determine the length of member AB of the truss by first y

establishing a Cartesian position vector from A to B and B
then determining its magnitude.
A
1.5 m
1.2 m
SOLUTION
40
1.5 x
rAB = (1.1) = - 0.80)i + (1.5 - 1.2)j
tan 40 O
0.8 m
C
0.3 m
rAB = {2.09i + 0.3j} m
rAB = 2(2.09)2 + (0.3)2 = 2.11 m Ans.
. We or
m W ina g
b)
ed e n
in
no W iss ea s
itt id tio
is e D t w
t p or em ch
d th g. in t la
an on in rs h
k g rn to rig
or in a uc y
w d le tr p
er ld
e lu nt ns co
th inc de f i es
of rk ( stu e o tat
ity o g us d S
te is ss th ite
in f th se for Un
gr w in e
th t o a ly by
y ar d le d
ro p an o te
st ny s d s ec
de f a rse de ot
s
ill o u vi pr
w le co ro is
sa eir is p rk
th d wo
an his
e
T
289.
If F = 5350i - 250j - 450k6 N and cable AB is 9 m long, z

determine the x, y, z coordinates of point A.
A
F
z
B
SOLUTION x
y
Position Vector: The position vector rAB, directed from point A to point B, is given by x y
rAB = [0 - (- x)]i + (0 - y)j + (0 - z)k
= xi - yj - zk
Unit Vector: Knowing the magnitude of rAB is 9 m, the unit vector for rAB is given by
rAB xi - yj - zk
uAB = =
rAB 9
The unit vector for force F is
. We or
m W ina g
F 350i - 250j - 450k
b)
ed e n
in
no W iss ea s
itt id tio
uF = = 0.5623i - 0.4016j - 0.7229k
is e D t w
=
t p or em ch
F
d th g. in t la
3 3502 + ( - 250)2 + (- 450)2
an on in rs h
Since force F is also directed from point A to point B, then
k g rn to rig
or in a uc y
w d le tr p
er ld
uAB = uF
e lu nt ns co
th inc de f i es
xi - yj - zk
of rk ( stu e o tat
= 0.5623i - 0.4016j - 0.7229k

ity o g us d S
9
te is ss th ite

in f th se for Un
gr w in e
x
th t o a ly by
= 0.5623 x = 5.06 m Ans.

y ar d le d
9
ro p an o te
st ny s d s ec
-y
de f a rse de ot
= - 0.4016 y = 3.61 m Ans.

s
ill o u vi pr
9
w le co ro is
sa eir is p rk
-z
= 0.7229 z = 6.51 m Ans.
th d wo
9
an his
e
T
290.
Express FB and FC in Cartesian vector form. z

B C
2m
FB 600 N 3.5 m
SOLUTION 0.5 m FC 450 N

A
Force Vectors: The unit vectors uB and uC of FB and FC must be determined
1.5 m
first. From Fig. a 1m
1.5 m 0.5 m
rB (- 1.5 - 0.5)i + [- 2.5 - ( -1.5)]j + (2 - 0)k y
uB = = x
rB 3(- 1.5 - 0.5)2 + [ - 2.5 - (- 1.5)]2 + (2 - 0)2
2 1 2
= - i - j + k
3 3 3
rC (- 1.5 - 0.5)i + [0.5 - (- 1.5)]j + (3.5 - 0)k
uC = =
rC 3(- 1.5 - 0.5)2 + [0.5 - (- 1.5)]2 + (3.5 - 0)2
. We or
4 4 7
m W ina g
b)
ed e n
i + j + k
in
no W iss ea s
= -
itt id tio
is e D t w
9 9 9
t p or em ch
d th g. in t la
an on in rs h
Thus, the force vectors FB and FC are given by
k g rn to rig
or in a uc y
FB = FB uB = 600 a - i - j + k b = 5 -400i - 200j + 400k6 N
w d le tr p
2 1 2
er ld
e lu nt ns co
Ans.
3 3 3
th inc de f i es
of rk ( stu e o tat
FC = FC uC = 450 a - i + j + k b = 5- 200i + 200j + 350k6 N

4 4 7
ity o g us d S
Ans.
9 9 9
te is ss th ite
in f th se for Un
gr w in e
th t o a ly by
y ar d le d
ro p an o te
st ny s d s ec
de f a rse de ot
s
ill o u vi pr
w le co ro is
sa eir is p rk
th d wo
an his
e
T
291.

B C
of the resultant force acting at A.
2m
FB 600 N 3.5 m
SOLUTION 0.5 m FC 450 N

A
Force Vectors: The unit vectors uB and uC of FB and FC must be determined 1.5 m
first. From Fig. a 1m
1.5 m 0.5 m
rB (- 1.5 - 0.5)i + [- 2.5 - ( - 1.5)]j + (2 - 0)k y
uB = = x
rB 3(- 1.5 - 0.5)2 + [ - 2.5 - (- 1.5)]2 + (2 - 0)2
2 1 2
= - i - j + k
3 3 3
rC (- 1.5 - 0.5)i + [0.5 - ( -1.5)]j + (3.5 - 0)k
uC = =
rC 3(- 1.5 - 0.5)2 + [0.5 - (- 1.5)]2 + (3.5 - 0)2
. We or
4 4 7
m W ina g
b)
ed e n
i + j + k
in
no W iss ea s
= -
itt id tio
is e D t w
9 9 9
t p or em ch
d th g. in t la
an on in rs h
k g rn to rig
or in a uc y
w d le tr p
2 1 2
er ld
e lu nt ns co
3 3 3
th inc de f i es
of rk ( stu e o tat
FC = FC uC = 450 a - i + j + k b = 5- 200i + 200j + 350k6 N

4 4 7
ity o g us d S
9 9 9
te is ss th ite
in f th se for Un
Resultant Force:
gr w in e
th t o a ly by
FR = FB + FC = (- 400i - 200j + 400k) + ( -200i + 200j + 350k)

y ar d le d
ro p an o te
= 5 -600i + 750k6 N
st ny s d s ec
de f a rse de ot
s
ill o u vi pr
w le co ro is
sa eir is p rk
FR = 3(FR)x 2 + (FR)y 2 + (FR)z 2

th d wo
an his
= 3(-600)2 + 02 + 7502 = 960.47 N = 960 N

T
a = cos-1 c d = cos-1 a b = 129

(FR)x - 600
Ans.
FR 960.47
(FR)y
b = cos-1 c d = cos-1 a b = 90
0
Ans.
FR 960.47
(FR)z
g = cos-1 c d = cos-1 a b = 38.7
760
Ans.
FR 960.47
*292.
If FB = 560 N and FC = 700 N, determine the magnitude z

and coordinate direction angles of the resultant force acting
on the flag pole.
A
6m FB
FC
SOLUTION
Force Vectors: The unit vectors uB and uC of FB and FC must be determined first. 2m
From Fig. a
B
rB (2 - 0)i + ( -3 - 0)j + (0 - 6)k 2 3 6 3m
uB = = = i - j - k
rB 3(2 - 0) + ( - 3 - 0) + (0 - 6)
2 2 2 7 7 7
3m y
rC (3 - 0)i + (2 - 0)j + (0 - 6)k 3 2 6 2m
uC = = = i + j - k x
rC 7 7 7 C
3(3 - 0) + (2 - 0) + (0 - 6)
2 2 2
FB = FB uB = 560 a i - j - k b = 5160i - 240j - 480k6 N

2 3 6
. We or
7 7 7
m W ina g
b)
ed e n
in
no W iss ea s
itt id tio
is e D t w
t p or em ch
d th g. in t la
FC = FC uC = 700 a i + j - k b = 5300i + 200j - 600k6 N
3 2 6
an on in rs h
7 7 7
k g rn to rig
or in a uc y
w d le tr p
er ld
Resultant Force:
e lu nt ns co
th inc de f i es
FR = FB + FC = (160i - 240j - 480k) + (300i + 200j - 600k)

of rk ( stu e o tat
= 5460i - 40j + 1080k6 N

ity o g us d S
te is ss th ite
in f th se for Un
gr w in e
th t o a ly by
FR = 3(FR)x 2 + (FR)y 2 + (FR)z 2

y ar d le d
ro p an o te
st ny s d s ec
= 3(460)2 + ( - 40)2 + ( - 1080)2 = 1174.56 N = 1.17 kN Ans.

de f a rse de ot
s
ill o u vi pr

w le co ro is
sa eir is p rk
a = cos-1 c d = cos-1 a b = 66.9

(FR)x 460
th d wo
Ans.
FR 1174.56
an his
e
T
(FR)y
b = cos-1 c d = cos-1 a b = 92.0
- 40
Ans.
FR 1174.56
(FR)z
g = cos-1 c d = cos-1 a b = 157
- 1080
Ans.
FR 1174.56
293.
If FB = 700 N, and FC = 560 N, determine the magnitude z

and coordinate direction angles of the resultant force acting
on the flag pole.
A
6m FB
FC
SOLUTION
Force Vectors: The unit vectors uB and uC of FB and FC must be determined first. 2m
From Fig. a B
rB (2 - 0)i + ( -3 - 0)j + (0 - 6)k 2 3 6 3m
uB = = = i - j - k
rB 3(2 - 0)2 + ( - 3 - 0)2 + (0 - 6)2 7 7 7 3m y
2m
rC (3 - 0)i + (2 - 0)j + (0 - 6)k 3 2 6 x
uC = = = i + j - k C
rC 3(3 - 0) + (2 - 0) + (0 - 6)
2 2 2 7 7 7
FB = FB uB = 700 a i - j - k b = 5200i - 300j - 600k6 N

2 3 6
. We or
m W ina g
b)
ed e n
7 7 7
in
no W iss ea s
itt id tio
is e D t w
t p or em ch
d th g. in t la
FC = FC uC = 560 a i + j - k b = 5240i + 160j - 480k6 N
3 2 6
an on in rs h
k g rn to rig
7 7 7
or in a uc y
w d le tr p
er ld
e lu nt ns co
Resultant Force:
th inc de f i es
of rk ( stu e o tat
FR = FB + FC = (200i - 300j - 600k) + (240i + 160j - 480k)

ity o g us d S
= 5440i - 140j - 1080k6 N

te is ss th ite
in f th se for Un
gr w in e
th t o a ly by
FR = 3(FR)x 2 + (FR)y 2 + (FR)z 2

y ar d le d
ro p an o te
st ny s d s ec
= 3(440)2 + (- 140)2 + ( - 1080)2 = 1174.56 N = 1.17 kN Ans.

de f a rse de ot
s
ill o u vi pr

w le co ro is
sa eir is p rk
a = cos-1 c d = cos-1 a b = 68.0

(FR)x 440
th d wo
Ans.
FR 1174.56
an his
e
T
(FR)y
b = cos-1 c d = cos-1 a b = 96.8
- 140
Ans.
FR 1174.56
(FR)z
g = cos-1 c d = cos-1 a b = 157
- 1080
Ans.
FR 1174.56
294.
The tower is held in place by three cables. If the force of z

each cable acting on the tower is shown, determine the
D
magnitude and coordinate direction angles a, b, g of the
resultant force. Take x = 20 m, y = 15 m.
600 N
800 N
400 N
SOLUTION
24 m
20 15 24
FDA = 400 a i + j - kb N
34.66 34.66 34.66
-6 4 24
FDB = 800 a i + j - kb N
25.06 25.06 25.06 16 m 4m
O B
C
16 18 24 6m
FDC = 600a i - j - kb N 18 m y x y
34 34 34
A
FR = FDA + FDB + FDC
x
= {321.66i - 16.82j - 1466.71k} N
FR = 2(321.66)2 + (- 16.82)2 + ( -1466.71)2
. We or
m W ina g
b)
ed e n
in
no W iss ea s
itt id tio
is e D t w
= 1501.66 N = 1.50 kN
t p or em ch
Ans.
d th g. in t la
an on in rs h
k g rn to rig
321.66
a = cos-1 a b = 77.6 or in a uc y Ans.
1501.66
w d le tr p
er ld
e lu nt ns co
th inc de f i es
-16.82
b = cos-1 a b = 90.6 Ans.
of rk ( stu e o tat
1501.66
ity o g us d S
-1466.71
te is ss th ite
g = cos-1 a b = 168 Ans.

in f th se for Un
1501.66
gr w in e
th t o a ly by
y ar d le d
ro p an o te
st ny s d s ec
de f a rse de ot
s
ill o u vi pr
w le co ro is
sa eir is p rk
th d wo
an his
e
T
295.
At a given instant, the position of a plane at A and a train at z

A
B are measured relative to a radar antenna at O. Determine
the distance d between A and B at this instant. To solve the
problem, formulate a position vector, directed from A to B,
and then determine its magnitude. 5 km
60
35
SOLUTION O
y
Position Vector: The coordinates of points A and B are 40
x
25
A(- 5 cos 60 cos 35, -5 cos 60 sin 35, 5 sin 60) km 2 km
B
= A(-2.048, - 1.434, 4.330) km
B(2 cos 25 sin 40, 2 cos 25 cos 40, -2 sin 25) km
= B(1.165, 1.389, -0.845) km
The position vector rAB can be established from the coordinates of points A and B.
. We or
rAB = {[1.165 - ( -2.048)]i + [1.389 - ( -1.434)]j + ( -0.845 - 4.330)k} km
m W ina g
b)
ed e n
in
no W iss ea s
itt id tio
is e D t w
t p or em ch
= {3.213i + 2.822j - 5.175)k} km
d th g. in t la
an on in rs h
k g rn to rig
The distance between points A and B is
or in a uc y
w d le tr p
er ld
d = rAB = 23.2132 + 2.8222 + ( - 5.175)2 = 6.71 km
e lu nt ns co
Ans.
th inc de f i es
of rk ( stu e o tat
ity o g us d S
te is ss th ite
in f th se for Un
gr w in e
th t o a ly by
y ar d le d
ro p an o te
st ny s d s ec
de f a rse de ot
s
ill o u vi pr
w le co ro is
sa eir is p rk
th d wo
an his
e
T
*296.
The man pulls on the rope at C with a force of 70 lb which z
causes the forces FA and FC at B to have this same
magnitude. Express each of these two forces as Cartesian
B
vectors. FA
FC
A
8 ft
5 ft
SOLUTION 5 ft
1 ft
Unit Vectors: The coordinate points A, B, and C are shown in Fig. a. Thus, 7 ft C
rA [5 - (- 1)]i + [- 7 - ( -5)]j + (5 - 8)k 7 ft 4 ft y

uA = = 5 ft
rA x
3[5 - (- 1)]2 + [ - 7 - (- 5)]2 + (5 - 8)2
6 2 3
= i + j + k
7 7 7
rC [5 - (- 1)]i + [- 7( - 5)]j + (4 - 8)k

uC = =
rC 3[5 - (- 1)]2 + [ - 7(- 5)]2 + (4 - 8)2
. We or
3 6 2
m W ina g
i + j + k
b)
ed e n
=
in
no W iss ea s
7 7 7
itt id tio
is e D t w
t p or em ch
d th g. in t la
Force Vectors: Multiplying the magnitude of the force with its unit vector,
an on in rs h
k g rn to rig
or in a uc y
FA = FA uA = 70 a i - j + k b
6 2 3
w d le tr p
er ld
e lu nt ns co
7 7 7
th inc de f i es
= 560i - 20j + 30k6 lb

of rk ( stu e o tat
Ans.
ity o g us d S
FC = FC uC = 70 a i + j + k b
te is ss th ite
3 6 2
in f th se for Un
7 7 7
gr w in e
th t o a ly by
= 530i + 60j + 20k6 lb Ans.

y ar d le d
ro p an o te
st ny s d s ec
de f a rse de ot
s
ill o u vi pr
w le co ro is
sa eir is p rk
th d wo
an his
e
T
297.
The man pulls on the rope at C with a force of 70 lb which z

causes the forces FA and FC at B to have this same
magnitude. Determine the magnitude and coordinate B
FA
direction angles of the resultant force acting at B.
FC
A
8 ft
5 ft
SOLUTION 5 ft
1 ft
Force Vectors: The unit vectors uB and uC of FB and FC must be determined first. 7 ft C
From Fig. a
7 ft 4 ft y
5 ft
rA [5 - (- 1)]i + [- 7( - 5)]j + (5 - 8)k x
uA = =
rA 3[5 - ( - 1)]2 + [ - 7(- 5)]2 + (5 - 8)2
6 2 3
= i + j + k
7 7 7
rC [5 - (- 1)]i + [- 7(- 5)]j + (4 - 8)k

uC = =
rC 3[5 - ( - 1)]2 + [ - 7(- 5)]2 + (4 - 8)2
. We or
m W ina g
b)
ed e n
in
no W iss ea s
3 6 2
itt id tio
is e D t w
t p or em ch
= i + j + k
d th g. in t la
7 7 7
an on in rs h
k g rn to rig
or in a uc y
w d le tr p
er ld
e lu nt ns co
FA = FA uA = 70 a i - j + k b = 560i - 20j + 30k6 lb

6 2 3
th inc de f i es
7 7 7
of rk ( stu e o tat
ity o g us d S
FC = FC uC = 70 a i + j + k b = 530i + 60j + 20k6 lb

3 6 2
te is ss th ite
7 7 7
in f th se for Un
gr w in e
Resultant Force:
th t o a ly by
y ar d le d
ro p an o te
FR = FA + FC = (60i - 20j - 30k) + (30i + 60j - 20k)

st ny s d s ec
= 590i + 40j - 50k6 lb

de f a rse de ot
s
ill o u vi pr
w le co ro is
sa eir is p rk
th d wo
FR = 3(FR)x 2 + (FR)y 2 + (FR)z 2

an his
e
T
= 3(90)2 + (40)2 + ( - 50)2 = 110.45 lb = 110 lb Ans.
a = cos-1 c d = cos-1 a b = 35.4

(FR)x 90
Ans.
FR 110.45
(FR)y
b = cos-1 c d = cos-1 a b = 68.8
40
Ans.
FR 110.45
(FR)z
g = cos-1 c d = cos-1 a b = 117
- 50
Ans.
FR 110.45
298.
The load at A creates a force of 60 lb in wire AB. Express z

this force as a Cartesian vector acting on A and directed
toward B as shown.
y
30
5 ft
B
SOLUTION
Unit Vector: First determine the position vector rAB. The coordinates of point B are 10 ft
B (5 sin 30, 5 cos 30, 0) ft = B (2.50, 4.330, 0) ft x

F 60 lb
Then A
rAB = 5(2.50 - 0)i + (4.330 - 0)j + [0 - (- 10)]k6 ft
= 52.50i + 4.330j + 10k6 ft
rAB = 32.502 + 4.3302 + 10.02 = 11.180 ft
. We or
rAB 2.50i + 4.330j + 10k
m W ina g
uAB =
b)
ed e n
=
in
no W iss ea s
rAB 11.180
itt id tio
is e D t w
t p or em ch
d th g. in t la
= 0.2236i + 0.3873j + 0.8944k
an on in rs h
k g rn to rig
Force Vector: or in a uc y
w d le tr p
er ld
e lu nt ns co
F = FuAB = 60 50.2236i + 0.3873j + 0.8944k6 lb

th inc de f i es
of rk ( stu e o tat
= 513.4i + 23.2j + 53.7k6 lb

ity o g us d S
Ans.
te is ss th ite
in f th se for Un
gr w in e
th t o a ly by
y ar d le d
ro p an o te
st ny s d s ec
de f a rse de ot
s
ill o u vi pr
w le co ro is
sa eir is p rk
th d wo
an his
e
T
299.
Determine the magnitude and coordinate direction angles of z

the resultant force acting at point A.
1.5 m
A
F1 150 N
F2 200 N 4m
SOLUTION y
3m
rAC = {3i - 0.5j - 4k} m 3m 60
C B
|rAC| = 232 + (- 0.5)2 + ( -4)2 = 225.25 = 5.02494
2m
3i - 0.5j - 4k
F2 = 200 a b = (119.4044i - 19.9007j - 159.2059k)
5.02494
x
rAB = (3 cos 60i + (1.5 + 3 sin 60) j - 4k)
rAB = (1.5i + 4.0981j + 4k)
|rAB| = 2(1.5)2 + (4.0981)2 + ( -4)2 = 5.9198
. We or
m W ina g
b)
ed e n
in
no W iss ea s
itt id tio
is e D t w
1.5i + 4.0981j - 4k
t p or em ch
d th g. in t la
F1 = 150 a b = (38.0079i + 103.8396j - 101.3545k)
5.9198
an on in rs h
k g rn to rig
FR = F1 + F2 = (157.4124i + 83.9389j - 260.5607k) or in a uc y
w d le tr p
er ld
e lu nt ns co
FR = 2(157.4124)2 + (83.9389)2 + (- 260.5604)2 = 315.7786 = 316 N

th inc de f i es
Ans.
of rk ( stu e o tat
ity o g us d S
157.4124
a = cos-1 a b = 60.100 = 60.1 Ans.
te is ss th ite
315.7786
in f th se for Un
gr w in e
83.9389
th t o a ly by
b = cos-1 a b = 74.585 = 74.6 Ans.

315.7786
y ar d le d
ro p an o te
st ny s d s ec
-260.5607
de f a rse de ot
g = cos-1 a b = 145.60 = 146 Ans.

s
ill o u vi pr
315.7786
w le co ro is
sa eir is p rk
th d wo
an his
e
T
*2100.
The guy wires are used to support the telephone pole. z

Represent the force in each wire in Cartesian vector form.
Neglect the diameter of the pole.
SOLUTION
B 1.5 m
Unit Vector: A
FB 175 N
FA 250 N
rAC = {(-1 - 0)i + (4 - 0)j + (0 - 4)k} m = { -1i + 4j - 4k} m
4m
rAC = 2(-1)2 + 4 2 + ( -4)2 = 5.745 m 2m 4m
D
C
rAC - 1i + 4j - 4k 3m
uAC = = = - 0.1741i + 0.6963j - 0.6963k 1m
rAC 5.745 y
x
rBD = {(2 - 0) i + ( - 3 - 0)j + (0 - 5.5)k} m = {2i - 3j - 5.5k} m
rBD = 22 2 + ( -3)2 + ( - 5.5)2 = 6.576 m
rBD 2i - 3j - 5.5k
uBD = = = 0.3041i - 0.4562j - 0.8363k
. We or
rBD 6.576
m W ina g
b)
ed e n
in
no W iss ea s
itt id tio
is e D t w
t p or em ch
d th g. in t la
Force Vector:
an on in rs h
k g rn to rig
FA = FA uAC = 250{-0.1741i + 0.6963j - 0.6963k} N
or in a uc y
w d le tr p
er ld
e lu nt ns co
= {-43.52i + 174.08j - 174.08k} N

th inc de f i es
of rk ( stu e o tat
= { -43.5i + 174j - 174k} N Ans.

ity o g us d S
te is ss th ite
FB = FBuBD = 175{0.3041i + 0.4562j - 0.8363k} N

in f th se for Un
gr w in e
= {53.22i - 79.83j - 146.36k} N

th t o a ly by
y ar d le d
ro p an o te
= {53.2i - 79.8j - 146k} N Ans.

st ny s d s ec
de f a rse de ot
s
ill o u vi pr
w le co ro is
sa eir is p rk
th d wo
an his
e
T
2101.
The two mooring cables exert forces on the stern of a ship z

as shown. Represent each force as a Cartesian vector and
determine the magnitude and coordinate direction angles
of the resultant.
FA = 200 lb FB = 150 lb
SOLUTION
y
50 ft
Unit Vector: 10 ft 40 ft
rCA = 5150 - 02i + 110 - 02j + 1-30 - 02k6 ft = 550i + 10j - 30k6 ft x
A 30 ft
rCA = 250 + 10 + 1 -302 = 59.16 ft
2 2 2 B
rCA 50i + 10j - 30k

uCA = = = 0.8452i + 0.1690j - 0.5071k
rCA 59.16
rCB = 5150 - 02i + 150 - 02j + 1 -30 - 02k6 ft = 550i + 50j - 30k6 ft
rCB = 2502 + 502 + 1- 3022 = 76.81 ft
. We or
m W ina g
b)
ed e n
in
no W iss ea s
itt id tio
is e D t w
50i + 50j - 30k
t p or em ch
rCA
d th g. in t la
uCB = = = 0.6509i + 0.6509j - 0.3906k
rCA 76.81
an on in rs h
k g rn to rig
or in a uc y
w d le tr p
er ld
Force Vector:
e lu nt ns co
th inc de f i es
FA = FA uCA = 20050.8452i + 0.1690j - 0.5071k6 lb

of rk ( stu e o tat
ity o g us d S
= 5169.03i + 33.81j - 101.42k6 lb

te is ss th ite
in f th se for Un
= 5169i + 33.8j - 101k6 lb Ans.

gr w in e
th t o a ly by
FB = FB uCB = 15050.6509i + 0.6509j - 0.3906k6 lb

y ar d le d
ro p an o te
st ny s d s ec
= 597.64i + 97.64j - 58.59k6 lb

de f a rse de ot
s
ill o u vi pr
= 597.6i + 97.6j - 58.6k6 lb Ans.

w le co ro is
sa eir is p rk
th d wo
Resultant Force:
an his
FR = FA + FB
T
= 51169.03 + 97.642i + 133.81 + 97.642j + 1 -101.42 - 58.592k6 lb
= 5266.67i + 131.45j - 160.00k6 lb
FR = 2266.672 + 131.452 + 1 - 160.0022
= 337.63 lb = 338 lb Ans.
266.67
cos a = a = 37.8 Ans.
337.63
131.45
cos b = b = 67.1 Ans.
337.63
160.00
cos g = - g = 118 Ans.
337.63
2102.
Each of the four forces acting at E has a magnitude of z

28 kN. Express each force as a Cartesian vector and
determine the resultant force.
FEA FEC
FED
FEB
D
SOLUTION
6 4 12 12 m
FEA = 28 a i - j - kb C
14 14 14
A
6m
FEA = {12i - 8j - 24k} kN Ans. 4m
B 6m
6 4 12 4m
FEB = 28 a i + j - kb
14 14 14 x y
FEB = {12i + 8j - 24k} kN Ans.
-6 4 12
FEC = 28 a i + j - kb
. We or
14 14 14
m W ina g
b)
ed e n
in
no W iss ea s
itt id tio
is e D t w
t p or em ch
FEC = { - 12i + 8j - 24k } kN
d th g. in t la
Ans.
an on in rs h
k g rn to rig
-6 4 12
FED = 28 a i - j - kb or in a uc y
w d le tr p
er ld
14 14 14
e lu nt ns co
th inc de f i es
FED = { - 12i - 8j - 24k} kN Ans.

of rk ( stu e o tat
ity o g us d S
FR = FEA + FEB + FEC + FED

te is ss th ite
in f th se for Un
= {- 96k } kN Ans.
gr w in e
th t o a ly by
y ar d le d
ro p an o te
st ny s d s ec
de f a rse de ot
s
ill o u vi pr
w le co ro is
sa eir is p rk
th d wo
an his
e
T
2103.
If the force in each cable tied to the bin is 70 lb, determine z

the magnitude and coordinate direction angles of the
resultant force.
E
FA FC 6 ft
SOLUTION FD
FB
Force Vectors: The unit vectors uA, uB, uC, and uD of FA, FB, FC, and FD must be D
determined first. From Fig. a, A C
rA (3 - 0)i + ( -2 - 0)j + (0 - 6)k 3 2 6 2 ft
uA = = = i - j - k x 2 ft B 3 ft
rA 2(3 - 0)2 + ( - 2 - 0)2 + (0 - 6)2 7 7 7 y
3 ft
rB (3 - 0)i + (2 - 0)j + (0 - 6)k 3 2 6
uB = = = i + j - k
rB 2(3 - 0) + (2 - 0) + (0 - 6)
2 2 2 7 7 7
rC (-3 - 0)i + (2 - 0)j + (0 - 6)k 3 2 6
uC = = = - i + j - k
rC 2(- 3 - 0)2 + (2 - 0)2 + (0 - 6)2 7 7 7
rD (- 3 - 0)i + (-2 - 0)j + (0 - 6)k 3 2 6
uD = = = - i- j - k
rD 2(- 3 - 0) + ( -2 - 0) + (0 - 6)
2 2 2 7 7 7
. We or
m W ina g
b)
Thus, the force vectors FA, FB, FC, and FD are given by
ed e n
in
no W iss ea s
itt id tio
is e D t w
t p or em ch
d th g. in t la
3 2 6
FA = FAuA = 70a i - j - kb = [30i - 20j - 60k] lb
an on in rs h
7 7 7
k g rn to rig
or in a uc y
w d le tr p
er ld
3 2 6
e lu nt ns co
FB = FBuB = 70a i + j - k b = [30i + 20j - 60k] lb

7 7 7
th inc de f i es
of rk ( stu e o tat
3 2 6
FC = FCuC = 70a - i + j - kb = [ - 30i + 20j - 60k] lb
ity o g us d S
7 7 7
te is ss th ite
in f th se for Un
3 2 6
FD = FDuD = 70 a - i - j - k b = [- 30i - 20j - 60k] lb
gr w in e
th t o a ly by
7 7 7
y ar d le d
ro p an o te
Resultant Force:
st ny s d s ec
de f a rse de ot
FR = FA + FB + FC + FD = (30i - 20j - 60k) + (30i + 20j - 60k) + ( -30i + 20j - 60k) + ( -30i - 20j - 60k)
s
ill o u vi pr
w le co ro is
= {-240k} N
sa eir is p rk
th d wo
an his
FR = 2(FR)x2 + (FR)y2 + (FR)z2

T
= 20 + 0 + (-240)2 = 240 lb Ans.

(FR)x 0
a = cos-1 B R = cos-1 a b = 90 Ans.
FR 240
(FR)y 0
b = cos-1 B R = cos-1 a b = 90 Ans.
FR 240
(FR)z -240
g = cos-1 B R = cos-1 a b = 180 Ans.
FR 240
*2104.
If the resultant of the four forces is FR = 5 - 360k6 lb, z

determine the tension developed in each cable. Due to
symmetry, the tension in the four cables is the same.
E
FA FC 6 ft
SOLUTION FD
FB
Force Vectors: The unit vectors uA, uB, uC, and uD of FA, FB, FC, and FD must be D
determined first. From Fig. a, A C
rA (3 - 0)i + ( -2 - 0)j + (0 - 6)k 3 2 6 x

2 ft
2 ft B 3 ft
uA = = = i - j - k y
rA 2(3 - 0) + (-2 - 0) + (0 - 6)
2 2 2 7 7 7
3 ft
rB (3 - 0)i + (2 - 0)j + (0 - 6)k 3 2 6
uB = = = i + j - k
rB 2(3 - 0) + (2 - 0) + (0 - 6)
2 2 2 7 7 7
rC ( -3 - 0)i + (2 - 0)j + (0 - 6)k 3 2 6

uC = = = - i + j - k
rC 2( -3 - 0) + (2 - 0) + (0 - 6)
2 2 2 7 7 7
rD ( - 3 - 0)i + ( -2 - 0)j + (0 - 6)k 3 2 6

uD = = = - i- j - k
. We or
rD 2( -3 - 0) + ( - 2 - 0) + (0 - 6)
2 2 2 7 7 7
m W ina g
b)
ed e n
in
no W iss ea s
itt id tio
is e D t w
t p or em ch
d th g. in t la
Since the magnitudes of FA, FB, FC, and FD are the same and denoted as F, the four
an on in rs h
vectors or forces can be written as
k g rn to rig
or in a uc y
w d le tr p
er ld
3 2 6
e lu nt ns co
FA = FAuA = F a i - j - k b
7 7 7
th inc de f i es
of rk ( stu e o tat
3 2 6
ity o g us d S
FB = FBuB = Fa i + j - kb
7 7 7
te is ss th ite
in f th se for Un
3 2 6
gr w in e
FC = FCuC = F a - i + j - kb
th t o a ly by
7 7 7
y ar d le d
ro p an o te
st ny s d s ec
3 2 6
FD = FDuD = F a - i - j - k b
de f a rse de ot
7 7 7
ill o u vi pr
w le co ro is
sa eir is p rk
Resultant Force: The vector addition of FA, FB, FC, and FD is equal to FR. Thus,
th d wo
FR = FA + FB + FC + FD
an his
e
T
3 2 6 3 2 6 3 2 6 3 2 6
{- 360k} = B F a i - j - k b R + B F a i + j - kb R + B Fa - i + j - k b + B Fa - i - j - k b R
7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7
24
- 360k = - k
7
Thus,
24
360 = F F = 105 lb Ans.
7
2105.
The pipe is supported at its end by a cord AB. If the cord z

exerts a force of F = 12 lb on the pipe at A, express this
force as a Cartesian vector. B
SOLUTION 6 ft
Unit Vector: The coordinates of point A are
A(5, 3 cos 20, -3 sin 20) ft = A(5.00, 2.819, -1.206) ft

F 12 lb
5 ft
Then x y
3 ft
rAB = {(0 - 5.00)i + (0 - 2.819)j + [6- (-1.206)]k} ft 20
A
= {- 5.00i-2.819j + 7.026k} ft
rAB = 2( -5.00)2 + ( - 2.819)2 + 7.0262 = 9.073 ft
rAB -5.00i-2.819j+7.026k
uAB = =
rAB 9.073
. We or
m W ina g
b)
ed e n
in
no W iss ea s
= -0.5511i- 0.3107j +0.7744k
itt id tio
is e D t w
t p or em ch
d th g. in t la
an on in rs h
Force Vector:
k g rn to rig
or in a uc y
w d le tr p
er ld
F = FuAB = 12{- 0.5511i -0.3107j+0.7744k} lb
e lu nt ns co
th inc de f i es
= {- 6.61i -3.73j+ 9.29k} lb Ans.

of rk ( stu e o tat
ity o g us d S
te is ss th ite
in f th se for Un
gr w in e
th t o a ly by
y ar d le d
ro p an o te
st ny s d s ec
de f a rse de ot
s
ill o u vi pr
w le co ro is
sa eir is p rk
th d wo
an his
e
T
2106.
The chandelier is supported by three chains which are z

concurrent at point O. If the force in each chain has a
magnitude of 60 lb, express each force as a Cartesian vector
and determine the magnitude and coordinate direction O
angles of the resultant force.
FB
FC
SOLUTION
FA
6 ft
(4 cos 30 i - 4 sin 30 j - 6 k)
FA = 60 B
2(4 cos 30)2 + ( -4 sin 30)2 + ( -6)2
= {28.8 i - 16.6 j - 49.9 k} lb Ans. 120 120 4 ft C
y
120
(- 4 cos 30 i - 4 sin 30 j - 6k) A
FB = 60
2(- 4 cos 30)2 + (- 4 sin 30)2 + ( -6)2
= { - 28.8 i - 16.6 j - 49.9 k} lb Ans.
(4 j - 6 k) x
FC = 60
2(4) + (-6)
2 2
= {33.3 j - 49.9 k} lb
. We or
Ans.
m W ina g
b)
ed e n
in
no W iss ea s
itt id tio
is e D t w
FR = FA + FB + FC = { -149.8 k} lb
t p or em ch
d th g. in t la
an on in rs h
FR = 150 lb
k g rn to rig
Ans.
or in a uc y
w d le tr p
er ld
a = 90
e lu nt ns co
Ans.
th inc de f i es
b = 90
of rk ( stu e o tat
Ans.
ity o g us d S
g = 180 Ans.
te is ss th ite
in f th se for Un
gr w in e
th t o a ly by
y ar d le d
ro p an o te
st ny s d s ec
de f a rse de ot
s
ill o u vi pr
w le co ro is
sa eir is p rk
th d wo
an his
e
T
2107.
The chandelier is supported by three chains which are z

concurrent at point O. If the resultant force at O has a
magnitude of 130 lb and is directed along the negative z axis,
determine the force in each chain. O
FB
FC
SOLUTION
FA
6 ft
(4 j - 6 k)
FC = F = 0.5547 Fj - 0.8321 Fk B
24 2 + ( -6)2
FA = FB = FC 120 120 4 ft C
y
120
FRz = Fz; 130 = 3(0.8321F) A
F = 52.1P Ans.
. We or
m W ina g
b)
ed e n
in
no W iss ea s
itt id tio
is e D t w
t p or em ch
d th g. in t la
an on in rs h
k g rn to rig
or in a uc y
w d le tr p
er ld
e lu nt ns co
th inc de f i es
of rk ( stu e o tat
ity o g us d S
te is ss th ite
in f th se for Un
gr w in e
th t o a ly by
y ar d le d
ro p an o te
st ny s d s ec
de f a rse de ot
s
ill o u vi pr
w le co ro is
sa eir is p rk
th d wo
an his
e
T
*2108.

of the resultant force. Set FB = 630 N, FC = 520 N and 3m B
FD = 750 N, and x = 3 m and z = 3.5 m.
2m 4.5 m
C
FB
FC
A
SOLUTION 4m O
2.5 m
Force Vectors: The unit vectors uB, uC, and uD of FB, FC, and FD must be determined FD
z
first. From Fig. a, x 6m
y
(- 3 - 0)i + (0 - 6)j + (4.5 - 2.5)k x
rB 3 6 2 D
uB = = = - i - j + k
rB 3(- 3 - 0)2 + (0 - 6)2 + (4.5 - 2.5)2 7 7 7
rC (2 - 0)i + (0 - 6)j + (4 - 2.5)k 4 12 3

uC = = = i - j + k
rC 3(2 - 0) + (0 - 6) + (4 - 2.5)
2 2 2 13 13 13
rD (3 - 0)i + (0 - 6)j + ( - 3.5 - 2.5)k 1 2 2

uD = = = i - j - k
rD 3(0 - 3) + (0 - 6) + (- 3.5 - 2.5)
2 2 2 3 3 3
. We or
m W ina g
b)
ed e n
in
no W iss ea s
itt id tio
Thus, the force vectors FB, FC, and FD are given by
is e D t w
t p or em ch
d th g. in t la
an on in rs h
3 6 2
k g rn to rig
7 7 7 or in a uc y
w d le tr p
er ld
e lu nt ns co
FC = FC uC = 520 a k b = 5160i - 480j + 120k6 N

4 12 3
th inc de f i es
i - j +
of rk ( stu e o tat
13 13 13
ity o g us d S
FD = FD uD = 750 a i - j - k b = 5250i - 500j - 500k6 N

1 2 2
te is ss th ite
in f th se for Un
3 3 3
gr w in e
th t o a ly by
Resultant Force:
y ar d le d
ro p an o te
st ny s d s ec
FR = FB + FC + FD = (- 270i - 540j + 180k) + (160i - 480j + 120k) + (250i - 500j - 500k)

de f a rse de ot
= [140i - 1520j - 200k] N

s
ill o u vi pr
w le co ro is
sa eir is p rk
th d wo
FR = 3(FR)x 2 + (FR)y 2 + (FR)z 2

an his
e
T
= 31402 + (-1520)2 + ( - 200)2 = 1539.48 N = 1.54 kN Ans.
a = cos-1 c d = cos-1 a b = 84.8

(FR)x 140
Ans.
FR 1539.48
(FR)y
b = cos-1 c d = cos-1 a b = 171
- 1520
Ans.
FR 1539.48
(FR)z
g = cos-1 c d = cos-1 a b = 97.5
- 200
Ans.
FR 1539.48
2109.
If the magnitude of the resultant force is 1300 N and acts z

along the axis of the strut, directed from point A towards O, 3m B
determine the magnitudes of the three forces acting on the
2m 4.5 m
strut. Set x = 0 and z = 5.5 m.
C
FB
FC
A
SOLUTION 4m O
2.5 m
Force Vectors: The unit vectors uB, uC, uD, and uFR of FB, FC, FD, and FR must be FD
z
determined first. From Fig. a, x 6m
y
x
rB (- 3 - 0)i + (0 - 6)j + (4.5 - 2.5)k 3 6 2 D
uB = = = - i - j + k
rB 3(- 3 - 0)2 + (0 - 6)2 + (4.5 - 2.5)2 7 7 7
rC (2 - 0)i + (0 - 6)j + (4 - 2.5)k 4 12 3

uC = = = i - j + k
rC 3(2 - 0) + (0 - 6) + (4 - 2.5)
2 2 2 13 13 13
rD (0 - 0)i + (0 - 6)j + ( - 5.5 - 2.5)k 3 4

uD = = = - j + k
rD 3(0 - 0) + (0 - 6) + (- 5.5 - 2.5)
2 2 2 5 5
. We or
m W ina g
b)
ed e n
in
rAO (0 - 0)i + (0 - 6)j + (0 - 2.5)k
no W iss ea s
12 5
itt id tio
is e D t w
t p or em ch
uFR = = = - j + k
d th g. in t la
rAO 3(0 - 0) + (0 - 6) + (0 - 2.5)
2 2 2 13 13
an on in rs h
k g rn to rig
Thus, the force vectors FB, FC, FD, and F R are given by or in a uc y
w d le tr p
er ld
e lu nt ns co
3 6 2
th inc de f i es
FB = FB uB = - FB i - FB j + FB k
of rk ( stu e o tat
7 7 7
ity o g us d S
4 12 3
te is ss th ite
FC = FC uC = F i - F j + F k
13 C 13 C 13 C
in f th se for Un
gr w in e
th t o a ly by
3 4
y ar d le d
FD = FD uD = - FD j - FD k
ro p an o te
5 5
st ny s d s ec
de f a rse de ot
FR = FR uR = 1300 a - k b = [- 1200j- 500k] N

12 5
s
ill o u vi pr
j -
13 13
w le co ro is
sa eir is p rk
th d wo
Resultant Force:
an his
FR = FB + FC + FD
T
-1200j - 500k = a - FBi - FBj + FBk b + a FCi - F kb + a - FDj - FDkb

3 6 2 4 12 3 3 4
F j +
7 7 7 13 13 C 13 C 5 5
-1200j - 500k = a - FB + F b i + a - FB - F - FDjb + a FB + F - FD bk

3 4 6 12 3 2 3 4
7 13 C 7 13 C 5 7 13 C 5
3 4
0 = - FB + F (1)
7 13 C
6 12 3
- 1200 = - FB - FC - FD j (2)
7 13 5
2 3 4
-500 = FB + F - F (3)
7 13 C 5 D
Solving Eqs. (1), (2), and (3), yields
FC = 442 N FB = 318 N FD = 866 N Ans.
2110.
The cable attached to the shear-leg derrick exerts a force on z

the derrick of F = 350 lb. Express this force as a Cartesian
vector.
A
35 ft
SOLUTION
Unit Vector: The coordinates of point B are
B(50 sin 30, 50 cos 30, 0) ft = B(25.0, 43.301, 0) ft F 350 lb
Then 30
50 ft
rAB = {(25.0 - 0)i + (43.301 - 0)j + (0 - 35)k } ft x
y
= {25.0i + 43.301j - 35.0k} ft
rAB = 225.02 + 43.3012 + (- 35.0)2 = 61.033 ft B
rAB 25.0i + 43.301j - 35.0k

uAB = =
rAB 61.033
. We or
m W ina g
b)
ed e n
in
no W iss ea s
= 0.4096i + 0.7094j - 0.5735k
itt id tio
is e D t w
t p or em ch
d th g. in t la
an on in rs h
Force Vector:
k g rn to rig
or in a uc y
w d le tr p
er ld
F = FuAB = 350{0.4096i + 0.7094j - 0.5735k} lb
e lu nt ns co
th inc de f i es
= {143i + 248j - 201k} lb Ans.

of rk ( stu e o tat
ity o g us d S
te is ss th ite
in f th se for Un
gr w in e
th t o a ly by
y ar d le d
ro p an o te
st ny s d s ec
de f a rse de ot
s
ill o u vi pr
w le co ro is
sa eir is p rk
th d wo
an his
e
T
2111.
The window is held open by chain AB. Determine the z

length of the chain, and express the 50-lb force acting at A
along the chain as a Cartesian vector and determine its
5 ft
coordinate direction angles. B
F = 50 lb
SOLUTION 12 ft
A
Unit Vector: The coordinates of point A are
5 ft
40
A15 cos 40, 8, 5 sin 402 ft = A13.830, 8.00, 3.2142 ft y
5 ft
Then
8 ft
x
rAB = 510 - 3.8302i + 15 - 8.002j + 112 - 3.2142k6 ft
= 5-3.830i - 3.00j + 8.786k6 ft
rAB = 21- 3.83022 + 1- 3.0022 + 8.7862 = 10.043 ft = 10.0 ft Ans.
. We or
m W ina g
b)
ed e n
in
no W iss ea s
- 3.830i - 3.00j + 8.786k
itt id tio
rAB
is e D t w
t p or em ch
uAB = =
d th g. in t la
rAB 10.043
an on in rs h
k g rn to rig
= - 0.3814i - 0.2987j + 0.8748k or in a uc y
w d le tr p
er ld
e lu nt ns co
Force Vector:
th inc de f i es
of rk ( stu e o tat
F = FuAB = 505 - 0.3814i - 0.2987j + 0.8748k6 lb

ity o g us d S
te is ss th ite
= 5 - 19.1i - 14.9j + 43.7k6 lb Ans.

in f th se for Un
gr w in e
th t o a ly by
Coordinate Direction Angles: From the unit vector uAB obtained above, we have
y ar d le d
ro p an o te
st ny s d s ec
cos a = - 0.3814 a = 112 Ans.

de f a rse de ot
s
ill o u vi pr
cos b = - 0.2987 b = 107 Ans.

w le co ro is
sa eir is p rk
cos g = 0.8748 g = 29.0 Ans.

th d wo
an his
e
T
*2112.
Given the three vectors A, B, and D, show that

A # (B + D) = (A # B) + (A # D).
SOLUTION
Since the component of (B + D) is equal to the sum of the components of B and
D, then
A # (B + D) = A # B + A # D (QED)
Also,
A # (B + D) = (A x i + A y j + A zk) # [(Bx + Dx)i + (By + Dy)j + (Bz + Dz)k]
= A x (Bx + Dx) + A y (By + Dy) + A z (Bz + Dz)
= (A xBx + A yBy + A zBz) + (A xDx + A yDy + A zDz)
= (A # B) + (A # D) (QED)
. We or
m W ina g
b)
ed e n
in
no W iss ea s
itt id tio
is e D t w
t p or em ch
d th g. in t la
an on in rs h
k g rn to rig
or in a uc y
w d le tr p
er ld
e lu nt ns co
th inc de f i es
of rk ( stu e o tat
ity o g us d S
te is ss th ite
in f th se for Un
gr w in e
th t o a ly by
y ar d le d
ro p an o te
st ny s d s ec
de f a rse de ot
s
ill o u vi pr
w le co ro is
sa eir is p rk
th d wo
an his
e
T
2113.
Determine the angle u between the edges of the sheet- z

metal bracket.
400 mm
250 mm
x
SOLUTION u
r1 = {400i + 250k} mm ; r1 = 471.70 mm 300 mm
r2 = {50i + 300j} mm ; r2 = 304.14 mm 50 mm
r1 # r2 = (400) (50) + 0(300) + 250(0) = 20 000

y
r1 # r2
u = cos-1
r1 r2
20 000
= cos-1 = 82.0 Ans.
(471.70) (304.14)
. We or
m W ina g
b)
ed e n
in
no W iss ea s
itt id tio
is e D t w
t p or em ch
d th g. in t la
an on in rs h
k g rn to rig
or in a uc y
w d le tr p
er ld
e lu nt ns co
th inc de f i es
of rk ( stu e o tat
ity o g us d S
te is ss th ite
in f th se for Un
gr w in e
th t o a ly by
y ar d le d
ro p an o te
st ny s d s ec
de f a rse de ot
s
ill o u vi pr
w le co ro is
sa eir is p rk
th d wo
an his
e
T
2114.
Determine the angle u between the sides of the triangular z

plate.
3m
B
4m
SOLUTION A

1m
rAC = 53 i + 4 j - 1 k6 m y
1m 3m
rAC = 21322 + 1422 + 1 - 122 = 5.0990 m
C
rAB = 52 j + 3 k6 m 5m
x
rAB = 21222 + 1322 = 3.6056 m
rAC # rAB = 0 + 4122 + 1 - 12132 = 5
rAC # rAB 5
u = cos-1 = cos-1
. We or
rACrAB 15.0990213.60562
m W ina g
b)
ed e n
in
no W iss ea s
itt id tio
is e D t w
t p or em ch
u = 74.219 = 74.2 Ans.
d th g. in t la
an on in rs h
k g rn to rig
or in a uc y
w d le tr p
er ld
e lu nt ns co
th inc de f i es
of rk ( stu e o tat
ity o g us d S
te is ss th ite
in f th se for Un
gr w in e
th t o a ly by
y ar d le d
ro p an o te
st ny s d s ec
de f a rse de ot
s
ill o u vi pr
w le co ro is
sa eir is p rk
th d wo
an his
e
T
2115.
Determine the length of side BC of the triangular plate. z

Solve the problem by finding the magnitude of rBC; then
check the result by first finding , rAB, and rAC and then
using the cosine law. 3m
B
SOLUTION
4m
rBC = {3 i + 2 j - 4 k} m
A
u
rBC = 2(3)2 + (2)2 + ( - 4)2 = 5.39 m Ans. 1m
y
1m 3m
Also,
rAC = {3 i + 4 j - 1 k} m 5m C
rAC = 2(3)2 + (4)2 + (- 1)2 = 5.0990 m x
rAB = {2 j + 3 k} m
rAB = 2(2)2 + (3)2 = 3.6056 m
rAC # rAB = 0 + 4(2) + (- 1)(3) = 5
. We or
m W ina g
b)
ed e n
in
no W iss ea s
itt id tio
is e D t w
rAC # rAB
t p or em ch
d th g. in t la
5
u = cos-1 a b = cos-1
an on in rs h
rAC rAB (5.0990)(3.6056)
k g rn to rig
or in a uc y
w d le tr p
er ld
u = 74.219
e lu nt ns co
th inc de f i es
rBC = 2(5.0990)2 + (3.6056)2 - 2(5.0990)(3.6056) cos 74.219

of rk ( stu e o tat
ity o g us d S
rBC = 5.39 m Ans.

te is ss th ite
in f th se for Un
gr w in e
th t o a ly by
y ar d le d
ro p an o te
st ny s d s ec
de f a rse de ot
s
ill o u vi pr
w le co ro is
sa eir is p rk
th d wo
an his
e
T
*2116.
Determine the magnitude of the projected component of z

force FAB acting along the z axis.
A
FAC 600 lb
36 ft
FAB 700 lb
SOLUTION
Unit Vector: The unit vector uAB must be determined first. From Fig. a, D
18 ft
rAB (18 - 0)i + ( - 12 - 0)j + (0 - 36)k 3 2 6
uAB = = = i - j - k O 12 ft
rAB 2(18 - 0) + (- 12 - 0) + (0 - 36)
2 2 2 7 7 7
B
Thus, the force vector FAB is given by 12 ft

12 ft C
30 y
3 2 6 x
FAB = FAB uAB = 700 a i - j - k b = {300i - 200j - 600k} lb
7 7 7
Vector Dot Product: The projected component of FAB along the z axis is
(FAB)z = FAB # k = A 300i - 200j - 600k B # k
. We or
m W ina g
b)
ed e n
= -600 lb
in
no W iss ea s
itt id tio
is e D t w
t p or em ch
d th g. in t la
an on in rs h
The negative sign indicates that ( FAB)z is directed towards the negative z axis. Thus
k g rn to rig
(FAB)z = 600 lb
or in a uc y
w d le tr p
Ans.
er ld
e lu nt ns co
th inc de f i es
of rk ( stu e o tat
ity o g us d S
te is ss th ite
in f th se for Un
gr w in e
th t o a ly by
y ar d le d
ro p an o te
st ny s d s ec
de f a rse de ot
s
ill o u vi pr
w le co ro is
sa eir is p rk
th d wo
an his
e
T
*2117.
Determine the magnitude of the projected component of z

force FAC acting along the z axis.
A
FAC 600 lb
36 ft
FAB 700 lb
D
18 ft
O 12 ft
B
SOLUTION 12 ft
12 ft C
30 y
Unit Vector: The unit vector uAC must be determined first. From Fig. a,
x
rAC (12 sin 30 - 0)i + (12 cos 30 - 0)j + (0 - 36)k
uAC = = = 0.1581i + 0.2739j - 0.9487k
rAC 2(12 sin 30 - 0)2 + (12 cos 30 - 0)2 + (0 - 36)2
Thus, the force vector FAC is given by
. We or
FAC = FACuAC = 600 A 0.1581i + 0.2739j - 0.9487k B = {94.87i + 164.32j - 569.21k} N
m W ina g
b)
ed e n
in
no W iss ea s
itt id tio
is e D t w
t p or em ch
d th g. in t la
Vector Dot Product: The projected component of FAC along the z axis is
an on in rs h
k g rn to rig
(FAC)z = FAC # k = A 94.87i + 164.32j - 569.21k B # k
or in a uc y
w d le tr p
er ld
e lu nt ns co
= -569 lb
th inc de f i es
of rk ( stu e o tat
ity o g us d S
The negative sign indicates that ( FAC)z is directed towards the negative z axis. Thus
te is ss th ite
in f th se for Un
(FAC)z = 569 lb Ans.

gr w in e
th t o a ly by
y ar d le d
ro p an o te
st ny s d s ec
de f a rse de ot
s
ill o u vi pr
w le co ro is
sa eir is p rk
th d wo
an his
e
T
2118.
Determine the projection of the force F along the pole. z
F = {2i + 4j + 10k} kN
O y
SOLUTION
2m
Proj F = F # ua = 12 i + 4 j + 10 k2 # a i + j - kb
2 2 1
3 3 3
Proj F = 0.667 kN Ans. 2m 1m
x
. We or
m W ina g
b)
ed e n
in
no W iss ea s
itt id tio
is e D t w
t p or em ch
d th g. in t la
an on in rs h
k g rn to rig
or in a uc y
w d le tr p
er ld
e lu nt ns co
th inc de f i es
of rk ( stu e o tat
ity o g us d S
te is ss th ite
in f th se for Un
gr w in e
th t o a ly by
y ar d le d
ro p an o te
st ny s d s ec
de f a rse de ot
s
ill o u vi pr
w le co ro is
sa eir is p rk
th d wo
an his
e
T
2119.
Determine the angle u between the y axis of the pole and z

the wire AB.
3 ft
C
y
A

2 ft
SOLUTION
Position Vector: 2 ft
rAC = 5 - 3j6 ft x
2 ft
rAB = 512 - 02i + 12 - 32j + 1-2 - 02k6 ft B
= 52i - 1j - 2k6 ft
The magnitudes of the position vectors are
rAC = 3.00 ft rAB = 22 2 + 1 - 122 + 1 - 222 = 3.00 ft
. We or
m W ina g
b)
ed e n
The Angles Between Two Vectors U: The dot product of two vectors must be
in
no W iss ea s
itt id tio
is e D t w
t p or em ch
d th g. in t la
determined first.
an on in rs h
rAC # rAB = 1 - 3j2 # 12i - 1j - 2k2
k g rn to rig
or in a uc y
w d le tr p
er ld
e lu nt ns co
= 0122 + 1- 321- 12 + 01- 22

th inc de f i es
of rk ( stu e o tat
= 3
ity o g us d S
te is ss th ite
Then,
in f th se for Un
rAO # rAB
gr w in e
th t o a ly by
3
u = cos-1 = cos-1 = 70.5 Ans.
rAOrAB
y ar d le d
3.00 3.00
ro p an o te
st ny s d s ec
de f a rse de ot
s
ill o u vi pr
w le co ro is
sa eir is p rk
th d wo
an his
e
T
*2120.
Determine the magnitudes of the components of z

F = 600 N acting along and perpendicular to segment DE
of the pipe assembly.
A
2m
B
SOLUTION 2m
x y
Unit Vectors: The unit vectors uEB and uED must be determined first. From Fig. a, 2m
2m C
rEB (0 - 4)i + (2 - 5)j + [0 - (- 2)]k
uEB = = = -0.7428i - 0.5571j + 0.3714k D
rEB 2(0 - 4)2 + (2 - 5)2 + [0 - ( - 2)]2
F 600 N
3m
uED = -j
E
Thus, the force vector F is given by
F = FuEB = 600 A - 0.7428i - 0.5571j + 0.3714k) = [-445.66i - 334.25j + 222.83k] N
Vector Dot Product: The magnitude of the component of F parallel to segment DE

of the pipe assembly is
. We or
(FED)paral = F # uED = A -445.66i - 334.25j + 222.83k B # A -j B
m W ina g
b)
ed e n
in
no W iss ea s
itt id tio
is e D t w
t p or em ch
d th g. in t la
= ( - 445.66)(0) + ( -334.25)( -1) + (222.83)(0)
an on in rs h
k g rn to rig
= 334.25 = 334 N or in a uc y Ans.
w d le tr p
er ld
e lu nt ns co
th inc de f i es
The component of F perpendicular to segment DE of the pipe assembly is

of rk ( stu e o tat
ity o g us d S
(FED)per = 2F 2 - (FED)paral2 = 26002 - 334.252 = 498 N Ans.

te is ss th ite
in f th se for Un
gr w in e
th t o a ly by
y ar d le d
ro p an o te
st ny s d s ec
de f a rse de ot
s
ill o u vi pr
w le co ro is
sa eir is p rk
th d wo
an his
e
T
2121.
Determine the magnitude of the projection of force z

F = 600 N along the u axis.
F 600 N
4m
SOLUTION 4m
O
2m y
Unit Vectors: The unit vectors uOA and uu must be determined first. From Fig. a,
rOA ( - 2 - 0)i + (4 - 0)j + (4 - 0)k 1 2 2 30
uOA = = = - i + j + k
rOA 3( - 2 - 0) + (4 - 0) + (4 - 0)
2 2 2 3 3 3 x u
uu = sin30i + cos30j
Thus, the force vectors F is given by
i - j + k b = 5- 200i + 400j + 400k6 N

1 2 2
F = F uOA = 600a -
3 3 3
Vector Dot Product: The magnitude of the projected component of F along the u
. We or
m W ina g
b)
axis is
ed e n
in
no W iss ea s
itt id tio
is e D t w
t p or em ch
d th g. in t la
Fu = F # uu = ( -200i + 400j + 400k) # (sin30i + cos 30j)
an on in rs h
k g rn to rig
= ( -200)(sin30) + 400(cos 30) + 400(0) or in a uc y
w d le tr p
er ld
e lu nt ns co
= 246 N Ans.
th inc de f i es
of rk ( stu e o tat
ity o g us d S
te is ss th ite
in f th se for Un
gr w in e
th t o a ly by
y ar d le d
ro p an o te
st ny s d s ec
de f a rse de ot
s
ill o u vi pr
w le co ro is
sa eir is p rk
th d wo
an his
e
T
2122.
Determine the angle u between cables AB and AC. z
3 ft B
C 4 ft
5 ft
FAB 70 lb
SOLUTION 60 FAC 60 lb
A
Position Vectors: The position vectors rAB and rAC must be determined first. O
From Fig. a, x
6 ft 2 ft
rAB = (- 3 - 0)i + (0 - 6)j + (4 - 2)k = {- 3i - 6j + 2k} ft y
rAC = (5 cos 60 - 0)i + (0 - 6)j + (5 sin 60 - 2)k = {2.5i - 6j + 2.330k} ft
The magnitudes of rAB and rAC are

rAB = 2(-3)2 + ( - 6)2 = 7 ft
rAC = 22.52 + ( - 6)2 + 2.3302 = 6.905 ft
. We or
m W ina g
b)
ed e n
in
Vector Dot Product:
no W iss ea s
itt id tio
is e D t w
t p or em ch
d th g. in t la
rAB # rAC = (- 3i - 6j + 2k) # (2.5i - 6j + 2.330k)
an on in rs h
k g rn to rig
= (- 3)(2.5) + (- 6)( - 6) + (2)(2.330) or in a uc y
w d le tr p
er ld
e lu nt ns co
= 33.160 ft2
th inc de f i es
of rk ( stu e o tat
Thus,
ity o g us d S
te is ss th ite
rAB # rAC
u = cos-1 a b = cos-1 c d = 46.7
33.160
in f th se for Un
Ans.
rAB rAC 7(6.905)
gr w in e
th t o a ly by
y ar d le d
ro p an o te
st ny s d s ec
de f a rse de ot
s
ill o u vi pr
w le co ro is
sa eir is p rk
th d wo
an his
e
T
2123.
Determine the angle f between cable AC and strut AO. z
3 ft B
C 4 ft
5 ft
FAB 70 lb
A
Position Vectors: The position vectors rAC and rAO must be determined first. O
From Fig. a, 6 ft 2 ft
x
rAC = (5 cos 60 - 0)i + (0 - 6)j + (5 sin 60 - 2)k = {2.5i - 6j + 2.330k} ft y
rAO = (0 - 0)i + (0 - 6)j + (0 - 2)k = {- 6j - 2k} ft
The magnitudes of rAC and rAO are

rAC = 22.52 + (- 6)2 + 2.3302 = 6.905 ft
rAO = 2( -6)2 + (- 2)2 = 240 ft
. We or
m W ina g
b)
ed e n
in
no W iss ea s
Vector Dot Product:
itt id tio
is e D t w
t p or em ch
d th g. in t la
rAC # rAO = (2.5i - 6j + 2.330k) # ( - 6j - 2k)
an on in rs h
k g rn to rig
= (2.5)(0) + ( -6)( - 6) + (2)(2.330)(- 2) or in a uc y
w d le tr p
er ld
e lu nt ns co
th inc de f i es
= 31.34 ft2
of rk ( stu e o tat
ity o g us d S
Thus,
te is ss th ite
rAC # rAO
f = cos-1 a b = cos-1 c d = 44.1
31.34
in f th se for Un
Ans.
gr w in e
rAC rAO 6.905 240

th t o a ly by
y ar d le d
ro p an o te
st ny s d s ec
de f a rse de ot
s
ill o u vi pr
w le co ro is
sa eir is p rk
th d wo
an his
e
T
*2124.
Determine the projected component of force FAB along the z

axis of strut AO. Express the result as a Cartesian vector. 3 ft B
C 4 ft
5 ft
FAB 70 lb
A
Unit Vectors: The unit vectors uAB and uAO must be determined first. From Fig. a, O
(-3 - 0)i + (0 - 6)j + (4 - 2)k 3 6 2 6 ft 2 ft
x
uAB = = - i - j + k
3(- 3 - 0) + (0 - 6) + (4 - 2)
2 2 2 7 7 7
y
(0 - 0)i + (0 - 6)j + (0 - 2)k

uAO = = - 0.9487j - 0.3162 k
3(0 - 0)2 + (0 - 6)2 + (0 - 2)2
Thus, the force vectors FAB is
FAB = FAB uAB = 70 a - i - j + k b = 5- 30i - 60j + 20k6 lb

3 6 2
. We or
7 7 7
m W ina g
b)
ed e n
in
no W iss ea s
itt id tio
is e D t w
t p or em ch
Vector Dot Product: The magnitude of the projected component of FAB along strut
d th g. in t la
AO is
an on in rs h
k g rn to rig
or in a uc y
(FAB)AO = FAB # uAO = ( - 30i - 60j + 20k) # ( -0.9487j - 0.3162k)
w d le tr p
er ld
e lu nt ns co
th inc de f i es
= (- 30)(0) + (- 60)(- 0.9487) + (20)( - 0.3162)

of rk ( stu e o tat
ity o g us d S
= 50.596 lb
te is ss th ite
in f th se for Un
Thus, (FAB)AO expressed in Cartesian vector form can be written as

gr w in e
th t o a ly by
(FAB)AO = (FAB)AOuAO = 50.596(- 0.9487j - 0.3162k)

y ar d le d
ro p an o te
st ny s d s ec
= { - 48j - 16k} lb Ans.

de f a rse de ot
s
ill o u vi pr
w le co ro is
sa eir is p rk
th d wo
an his
e
T
2125.
Determine the projected component of force FAC along the z

axis of strut AO. Express the result as a Cartesian vector.
3 ft B
C 4 ft
5 ft
FAB 70 lb
60 FAC 60 lb
SOLUTION O
A
Unit Vectors: The unit vectors uAC and uAO must be determined first. From Fig. a, x 6 ft 2 ft
(5 cos 60 - 0)i + (0 - 6)j + (5 sin 60 - 2)k
uAC = = 0.3621i - 0.8689j + 0.3375k y
3(5 cos 60 - 0)2 + (0 - 6)2 + (0 - 2)2
(0 - 0)i + (0 - 6)j + (0 - 2)k

uAO = = - 0.9487j - 0.3162 k
3(0 - 0)2 + (0 - 6)2 + (0 - 2)2
Thus, the force vectors FAC is given by
. We or
FAC = FAC uAC = 60(0.3621i - 0.8689j + 0.3375k) = {21.72i - 52.14j + 20.25k} lb
m W ina g
b)
ed e n
in
no W iss ea s
itt id tio
is e D t w
t p or em ch
Vector Dot Product: The magnitude of the projected component of FAC along strut
d th g. in t la
AO is
an on in rs h
k g rn to rig
(FAC)AO = FAC # uAO = (21.72i - 52.14j + 20.25k) # ( -0.9487j - 0.3162k)
or in a uc y
w d le tr p
er ld
e lu nt ns co
= (21.72)(0) + (- 52.14)(-0.9487) + (20.25)( - 0.3162)

th inc de f i es
of rk ( stu e o tat
= 43.057 lb
ity o g us d S
te is ss th ite
in f th se for Un
Thus, (FAC)AO expressed in Cartesian vector form can be written as

gr w in e
th t o a ly by
(FAC)AO = (FAC)AOuAO = 43.057( - 0.9487j - 0.3162k)

y ar d le d
ro p an o te
st ny s d s ec
= { -40.8j - 13.6k} lb Ans.

de f a rse de ot
s
ill o u vi pr
w le co ro is
sa eir is p rk
th d wo
an his
e
T
2126.
Two cables exert forces on the pipe. Determine the z

magnitude of the projected component of F1 along the line
of action of F2.
F2 25 lb
60
u 60
SOLUTION x
Force Vector:
30
uF1 = cos 30 sin 30i + cos 30 cos 30j - sin 30k 30 y
= 0.4330i + 0.75j - 0.5k

F1 30 lb
F1 = FRuF1 = 30(0.4330i + 0.75j - 0.5k) lb
= {12.990i + 22.5j - 15.0k} lb
Unit Vector: One can obtain the angle a = 135 for F2 using Eq. 28.
cos2 a + cos2 b + cos2 g = 1, with b = 60 and g = 60. The unit vector along the
. We or
m W ina g
b)
ed e n
in
line of action of F2 is
no W iss ea s
itt id tio
is e D t w
t p or em ch
d th g. in t la
uF2 = cos 135i + cos 60j + cos 60k = - 0.7071i + 0.5j + 0.5k
an on in rs h
k g rn to rig
Projected Component of F1 Along the Line of Action of F2: or in a uc y
w d le tr p
er ld
e lu nt ns co
(F1)F2 = F1 # uF2 = (12.990i + 22.5j - 15.0k) # (- 0.7071i + 0.5j + 0.5k)

th inc de f i es
of rk ( stu e o tat
ity o g us d S
= (12.990)(- 0.7071) + (22.5)(0.5) + (- 15.0)(0.5)

te is ss th ite
= - 5.44 lb
in f th se for Un
gr w in e
th t o a ly by
Negative sign indicates that the projected component of (F1)F2 acts in the opposite
y ar d le d
sense of direction to that of uF2.

ro p an o te
st ny s d s ec
de f a rse de ot
The magnitude is (F1)F2 = 5.44 lb Ans.

s
ill o u vi pr
w le co ro is
sa eir is p rk
th d wo
an his
e
T
2127.
Determine the angle u between the two cables attached to z

the pipe.
F2 25 lb
60
SOLUTION
Unit Vectors: u 60
uF1 = cos 30 sin 30i + cos 30 cos 30j - sin 30k x
= 0.4330i + 0.75j - 0.5k 30

30 y
uF2 = cos 135i + cos 60j + cos 60k
= -0.7071i + 0.5j + 0.5k F1 30 lb
The Angles Between Two Vectors u:
uF1 # uF2 = (0.4330i + 0.75j - 0.5k) # ( -0.7071i + 0.5j + 0.5k)
. We or
= 0.4330(- 0.7071) + 0.75(0.5) + ( -0.5)(0.5)
m W ina g
b)
ed e n
in
no W iss ea s
itt id tio
is e D t w
t p or em ch
= -0.1812
d th g. in t la
an on in rs h
k g rn to rig
Then, or in a uc y
w d le tr p
er ld
u = cos - 1 A uF1 # uF2 B = cos - 1( -0.1812) = 100
e lu nt ns co
Ans.
th inc de f i es
of rk ( stu e o tat
ity o g us d S
te is ss th ite
in f th se for Un
gr w in e
th t o a ly by
y ar d le d
ro p an o te
st ny s d s ec
de f a rse de ot
s
ill o u vi pr
w le co ro is
sa eir is p rk
th d wo
an his
e
T
*2128.
Determine the magnitudes of the components of F acting z

along and perpendicular to segment BC of the pipe
assembly.
3 ft A
4 ft
4 ft 2 ft
B
x y
SOLUTION
Unit Vector: The unit vector uCB must be determined first. From Fig. a F {30i 45j 50k} lb
4 ft
rCB (3 - 7)i + (4 - 6)j + [0 - ( - 4)]k 2 1 2
uCB = = = - i- j + k
rCB 3(3 - 7) + (4 - 6) + [0 - ( - 4)]
2 2 2 3 3 3 C
Vector Dot Product: The magnitude of the projected component of F parallel to

segment BC of the pipe assembly is
2 1 2
(FBC)pa = F # uCB = (30i - 45j + 50k) # - i - j + k
3 3 3
. We or
2 1 2
m W ina g
= (30) - + (- 45) - + 50
b)
ed e n
in
no W iss ea s
itt id tio
is e D t w
3 3 3
t p or em ch
d th g. in t la
an on in rs h
= 28.33 lb = 28.3 lb Ans.
k g rn to rig
or in a uc y
w d le tr p
The magnitude of F is F = 330 2 + ( - 45) 2 + 50 2 = 25425 lb. Thus, the magnitude
er ld
e lu nt ns co
of the component of F perpendicular to segment BC of the pipe assembly can be

th inc de f i es
determined from
of rk ( stu e o tat
ity o g us d S
(FBC)pr = 3F2 - (FBC)pa2 = 25425 - 28.332 = 68.0 lb Ans.

te is ss th ite
in f th se for Un
gr w in e
th t o a ly by
y ar d le d
ro p an o te
st ny s d s ec
de f a rse de ot
s
ill o u vi pr
w le co ro is
sa eir is p rk
th d wo
an his
e
T
2129.
Determine the magnitude of the projected component of F z

along AC. Express this component as a Cartesian vector.
3 ft A
4 ft
4 ft 2 ft
B
x y
SOLUTION
Unit Vector: The unit vector uAC must be determined first. From Fig. a F {30i 45j 50k} lb
4 ft
(7 - 0)i + (6 - 0)j + ( -4 - 0)k
uAC = = 0.6965 i + 0.5970 j - 0.3980 k
C
3(7 - 0)2 + (6 - 0)2 + (- 4 - 0)2
Vector Dot Product: The magnitude of the projected component of F along line AC is
FAC = F # uAC = (30i - 45j + 50k) # (0.6965i + 0.5970j - 0.3980k)
= (30)(0.6965) + ( -45)(0.5970) + 50(- 0.3980)
. We or
= 25.87 lb Ans.
m W ina g
b)
ed e n
in
no W iss ea s
itt id tio
is e D t w
t p or em ch
Thus, FAC expressed in Cartesian vector form is
d th g. in t la
an on in rs h
k g rn to rig
FAC = FAC uAC = - 25.87(0.6965i + 0.5970j - 0.3980k)
or in a uc y
w d le tr p
er ld
e lu nt ns co
= { - 18.0i - 15.4j + 10.3k} lb Ans.
th inc de f i es
of rk ( stu e o tat
ity o g us d S
te is ss th ite
in f th se for Un
gr w in e
th t o a ly by
y ar d le d
ro p an o te
st ny s d s ec
de f a rse de ot
s
ill o u vi pr
w le co ro is
sa eir is p rk
th d wo
an his
e
T
2130.
Determine the angle u between the pipe segments BA and BC. z
3 ft A
4 ft
4 ft 2 ft
B
x y
SOLUTION F {30i 45j 50k} lb

Position Vectors: The position vectors rBA and rBC must be determined first. From 4 ft
Fig. a,
C
rBA = (0 - 3)i + (0 - 4)j + (0 - 0)k = { - 3i - 4j} ft
rBC = (7 - 3)i + (6 - 4)j + (- 4 - 0)k = {4i + 2j - 4k} ft
The magnitude of rBA and rBC are
rBA = 3(- 3)2 + (- 4)2 = 5 ft
. We or
rBC = 342 + 22 + (- 4)2 = 6 ft
m W ina g
b)
ed e n
in
no W iss ea s
itt id tio
is e D t w
t p or em ch
d th g. in t la
an on in rs h
Vector Dot Product:
k g rn to rig
or in a uc y
w d le tr p
er ld
rBA # rBC = (- 3i - 4j) # (4i + 2j - 4k)
e lu nt ns co
th inc de f i es
= (- 3)(4) + ( -4)(2) + 0( -4)

of rk ( stu e o tat
ity o g us d S
= - 20 ft2
te is ss th ite
Thus,
in f th se for Un
gr w in e
rBA # rBC
th t o a ly by
u = cos-1 a b = cos-1 c d = 132

- 20
Ans.
y ar d le d
rBA rBC 5(6)

ro p an o te
st ny s d s ec
de f a rse de ot
s
ill o u vi pr
w le co ro is
sa eir is p rk
th d wo
an his
e
T
2131.
Determine the angles u and f made between the axes OA z

of the flag pole and AB and AC, respectively, of each cable.
1.5 m
B 2m C
4m
SOLUTION FC 40 N
FB 55 N
rA C = { -2i - 4j + 1k} m ; rA C = 4.58 m 6m u A
f
rAB = {1.5i - 4j + 3k} m; rAB = 5.22 m
rA O = { -4j - 3k} m; rA O = 5.00 m O
rA B # rA O = (1.5)(0) + ( -4)( -4) + (3)(- 3) = 7

3m
rAB # rAO 4m
u = cos - 1 x
rAB rAO
y
. We or
7
= cos - 1 = 74.4
m W ina g
Ans.
b)
ed e n
in
no W iss ea s
itt id tio
5.22(5.00)
is e D t w
t p or em ch
d th g. in t la
rAC # rAO = (-2)(0) + ( - 4)( -4) + (1)(-3) = 13
an on in rs h
rAC # rAO k g rn to rig
or in a uc y
w d le tr p
er ld
f = cos - 1 a
e lu nt ns co
b
rAC rAO
th inc de f i es
of rk ( stu e o tat
13
ity o g us d S
= cos - 1 a b = 55.4 Ans.

4.58(5.00)
te is ss th ite
in f th se for Un
gr w in e
th t o a ly by
y ar d le d
ro p an o te
st ny s d s ec
de f a rse de ot
s
ill o u vi pr
w le co ro is
sa eir is p rk
th d wo
an his
e
T
*2132.
The cables each exert a force of 400 N on the post. z

Determine the magnitude of the projected component of F1 F1 400 N
along the line of action of F2.
35
SOLUTION
120
Force Vector: y
uF1 = sin 35 cos 20i - sin 35 sin 20j + cos 35k u 60

20 45
= 0.5390i - 0.1962j + 0.8192k
F1 = F1uF1 = 400(0.5390i - 0.1962j + 0.8192k) N

x F2 400 N
= {215.59i - 78.47j + 327.66k} N
Unit Vector: The unit vector along the line of action of F2 is
. We or
= 0.7071i + 0.5j - 0.5k
m W ina g
b)
ed e n
in
no W iss ea s
itt id tio
is e D t w
t p or em ch
d th g. in t la
Projected Component of F1 Along Line of Action of F2:
an on in rs h
(F1)F2 = F1 # uF2 = (215.59i - 78.47j + 327.66k) # (0.7071i + 0.5j - 0.5k)
k g rn to rig
or in a uc y
w d le tr p
er ld
e lu nt ns co
= (215.59)(0.7071) + ( -78.47)(0.5) + (327.66)(- 0.5)

th inc de f i es
of rk ( stu e o tat
= - 50.6 N
ity o g us d S
te is ss th ite
Negative sign indicates that the force component (F1)F2 acts in the opposite sense
in f th se for Un
of direction to that of uF2.

gr w in e
th t o a ly by
thus the magnitude is (F 1)F2 = 50.6 N

y ar d le d
Ans.
ro p an o te
st ny s d s ec
de f a rse de ot
s
ill o u vi pr
w le co ro is
sa eir is p rk
th d wo
an his
e
T
2133.
Determine the angle u between the two cables attached to z

the post. F1 400 N
35
SOLUTION
120
Unit Vector: y
uF1 = sin 35 cos 20i - sin 35 sin 20j + cos 35k u 60

20 45
= 0.5390i - 0.1962j + 0.8192k

x F2 400 N
= 0.7071i + 0.5j - 0.5k
The Angle Between Two Vectors u: The dot product of two unit vectors must be
determined first.
uF1 # uF2 = (0.5390i - 0.1962j + 0.8192k) # (0.7071i + 0.5j - 0.5k)
. We or
m W ina g
b)
ed e n
in
no W iss ea s
= 0.5390(0.7071) + ( -0.1962)(0.5) + 0.8192(- 0.5)
itt id tio
is e D t w
t p or em ch
d th g. in t la
= - 0.1265
an on in rs h
k g rn to rig
or in a uc y
w d le tr p
er ld
Then,
e lu nt ns co
u = cos-1 A uF1 # uF2 B = cos-1( -0.1265) = 97.3

th inc de f i es
Ans.
of rk ( stu e o tat
ity o g us d S
te is ss th ite
in f th se for Un
gr w in e
th t o a ly by
y ar d le d
ro p an o te
st ny s d s ec
de f a rse de ot
s
ill o u vi pr
w le co ro is
sa eir is p rk
th d wo
an his
e
T
2134.
Determine the magnitudes of the components of force z

F = 90 lb acting parallel and perpendicular to diagonal AB
of the crate. F 90 lb
60
B
45
1 ft
SOLUTION A
y
x 3 ft 1.5 ft
Force and Unit Vector: The force vector F and unit vector uAB must be determined C
first. From Fig. a
F = 90(- cos 60 sin 45i + cos 60 cos 45j + sin 60k)
= {- 31.82i + 31.82j + 77.94k} lb

rAB (0 - 1.5)i + (3 - 0)j + (1 - 0)k 3 6 2
uAB = = = - i- j + k
rAB 3(0 - 1.5) + (3 - 0) + (1 - 0)
2 2 2 7 7 7
Vector Dot Product: The magnitude of the projected component of F parallel to the
. We or
diagonal AB is
m W ina g
b)
ed e n
in
no W iss ea s
itt id tio
is e D t w
t p or em ch
3 6 2
d th g. in t la
[(F)AB]pa = F # uAB = (- 31.82i + 31.82j + 77.94k) # - i + j + k
an on in rs h
7 7 7
k g rn to rig
or in a uc y
w d le tr p
3 6 2
er ld
= (- 31.82) - + 31.82 + 77.94
e lu nt ns co
7 7 7
th inc de f i es
of rk ( stu e o tat
= 63.18 lb = 63.2 lb Ans.

ity o g us d S
te is ss th ite
The magnitude of the component F perpendicular to the diagonal AB is

in f th se for Un
gr w in e
[(F)AB]pr = 3F2 - [(F)AB]pa2 = 2902 - 63.182 = 64.1 lb

th t o a ly by
Ans.
y ar d le d
ro p an o te
st ny s d s ec
de f a rse de ot
s
ill o u vi pr
w le co ro is
sa eir is p rk
th d wo
an his
e
T
2135.
The force F = 525i - 50j + 10k6 lb acts at the end A of z

the pipe assembly. Determine the magnitude of the
components F1 and F2 which act along the axis of AB and
perpendicular to it. F2
F
A
F1
SOLUTION 6 ft
Unit Vector: The unit vector along AB axis is
10 - 02i + 15 - 92j + 10 - 62k B

y
uAB = = - 0.5547j - 0.8321k
210 - 022 + 15 - 922 + 10 - 622 5 ft 4 ft
Projected Component of F Along AB Axis:

x
F1 = F # uAB = 125i - 50j + 10k2 # 1 -0.5547j - 0.8321k2
= 1252102 + 1- 5021- 0.55472 + 11021-0.83212
. We or
m W ina g
= 19.415 lb = 19.4 lb
b)
Ans.
ed e n
in
no W iss ea s
itt id tio
is e D t w
t p or em ch
d th g. in t la
Component of F Perpendicular to AB Axis: The magnitude of force F is
an on in rs h
k g rn to rig
F = 2252 + 1 - 5022 + 102 = 56.789 lb. or in a uc y
w d le tr p
er ld
e lu nt ns co
F2 = F 2 - F 21 = 56.7892 - 19.414 2 = 53.4 lb Ans.

th inc de f i es
of rk ( stu e o tat
ity o g us d S
te is ss th ite
in f th se for Un
gr w in e
th t o a ly by
y ar d le d
ro p an o te
st ny s d s ec
de f a rse de ot
s
ill o u vi pr
w le co ro is
sa eir is p rk
th d wo
an his
e
T
*2136.
Determine the components of F that act along rod AC and z

perpendicular to it. Point B is located at the midpoint of A
the rod.
4m B
4m
O F 600 N
SOLUTION x
C
3m
rAC = (- 3i + 4j - 4k), rAC = 2( - 3) + 4 + ( -4) = 241 m
2 2 2
6m
rAC -3i + 4j + 4k 4m
rAB = = = - 1.5i + 2j - 2k D y
2 2
rAD = rAB + rBD
rBD = rAD - rAB
= (4i + 6j - 4k) - ( - 1.5i + 2j - 2k)
= {5.5i + 4j - 2k} m
. We or
m W ina g
b)
ed e n
in
no W iss ea s
itt id tio
is e D t w
rBD = 2(5.5)2 + (4)2 + ( - 2)2 = 7.0887 m
t p or em ch
d th g. in t la
an on in rs h
k g rn to rig
rBD
F = 600 a b = 465.528i + 338.5659j - 169.2829k or in a uc y
rBD
w d le tr p
er ld
e lu nt ns co
th inc de f i es
Component of F along rAC is F| |

of rk ( stu e o tat
F # rAC (465.528i + 338.5659j - 169.2829k) # ( -3i + 4j - 4k)

ity o g us d S
F| | = =
te is ss th ite
rAC 241
in f th se for Un
gr w in e
F| | = 99.1408 = 99.1 N
th t o a ly by
Ans.
y ar d le d
ro p an o te
Component of F perpendicular to rAC is F

st ny s d s ec
de f a rse de ot
s
ill o u vi pr
F2 + F2|| = F2 = 6002
w le co ro is
sa eir is p rk
F2 = 6002 - 99.14082
th d wo
an his
F = 591.75 = 592 N
e
Ans.
T
2137.
Determine the components of F that act along rod AC and z

perpendicular to it. Point B is located 3 m along the rod A
from end C.
4m B
4m
O F 600 N
SOLUTION x
C
3m
rCA = 3i - 4j + 4k 6m
rCA = 6.403124 4m y
D
3
rCB = (r ) = 1.40556i - 1.874085j + 1.874085k
6.403124 CA
rOB = rOC + rCB
= -3i + 4j + r CB
= -1.59444i + 2.1259j + 1.874085k
. We or
m W ina g
b)
ed e n
in
no W iss ea s
itt id tio
is e D t w
rOD = rOB + rBD
t p or em ch
d th g. in t la
an on in rs h
rBD = rOD - rOB = (4i + 6j) - rOB
k g rn to rig
or in a uc y
w d le tr p
er ld
= 5.5944i + 3.8741j - 1.874085k
e lu nt ns co
th inc de f i es
rBD = 2(5.5944)2 + (3.8741)2 + ( -1.874085)2 = 7.0582

of rk ( stu e o tat
ity o g us d S
rBD
te is ss th ite
F = 600( ) = 475.568i + 329.326j - 159.311k

rBD
in f th se for Un
gr w in e
th t o a ly by
rAC = (- 3i + 4j - 4k), rAC = 241

y ar d le d
ro p an o te
st ny s d s ec
Component of F along rAC is F| |

de f a rse de ot
F # rAC (475.568i + 329.326j - 159.311k) # (- 3i + 4j - 4k)

s
ill o u vi pr
w le co ro is
F| | = =
rAC
sa eir is p rk
241
th d wo
F| | = 82.4351 = 82.4 N Ans.

an his
e
T
Component of F perpendicular to rAC is F
F2 + F2|| = F2 = 6002
F2 = 6002 - 82.43512
F = 594 N Ans.
2138.
Determine the magnitudes of the projected components of

the force F = 300 N acting along the x and y axes. 30 F 300 N
z
A 30
300 mm
SOLUTION
O
Force Vector: The force vector F must be determined first. From Fig. a, 300 mm
x 300 mm y
F = -300 sin 30sin 30i + 300 cos 30j + 300 sin 30cos 30k
= [-75i + 259.81j + 129.90k] N
Vector Dot Product: The magnitudes of the projected component of F along the x
and y axes are
Fx = F # i = A -75i + 259.81j + 129.90k B # i

= - 75(1) + 259.81(0) + 129.90(0)
= - 75 N
. We or
Fy = F # j = A - 75i + 259.81j + 129.90k B # j
m W ina g
b)
ed e n
in
no W iss ea s
itt id tio
is e D t w
t p or em ch
d th g. in t la
= - 75(0) + 259.81(1) + 129.90(0)
an on in rs h
k g rn to rig
= 260 N
or in a uc y
w d le tr p
er ld
e lu nt ns co
th inc de f i es
The negative sign indicates that Fx is directed towards the negative x axis. Thus
of rk ( stu e o tat
ity o g us d S
Fx = 75 N, Fy = 260 N Ans.
te is ss th ite
in f th se for Un
gr w in e
th t o a ly by
y ar d le d
ro p an o te
st ny s d s ec
de f a rse de ot
s
ill o u vi pr
w le co ro is
sa eir is p rk
th d wo
an his
e
T
2139.
Determine the magnitude of the projected component of

30
the force F = 300 N acting along line OA. F 300 N
z
A 30
300 mm
O
300 mm
SOLUTION x 300 mm y
Force and Unit Vector: The force vector F and unit vector uOA must be determined
first. From Fig. a
F = ( - 300 sin 30 sin 30i + 300 cos 30j + 300 sin 30 cos 30k)
= {- 75i + 259.81j + 129.90k} N
rOA ( -0.45 - 0)i + (0.3 - 0)j + (0.2598 - 0)k

uOA = = = -0.75i + 0.5j + 0.4330k
rOA 2(- 0.45 - 0)2 + (0.3 - 0)2 + (0.2598 - 0)2
. We or
Vector Dot Product: The magnitude of the projected component of F along line OA is
m W ina g
b)
ed e n
in
no W iss ea s
FOA = F # uOA = A -75i + 259.81j + 129.90k B # A - 0.75i + 0.5j + 0.4330k B
itt id tio
is e D t w
t p or em ch
d th g. in t la
an on in rs h
= ( - 75)( -0.75) + 259.81(0.5) + 129.90(0.4330)
k g rn to rig
or in a uc y
w d le tr p
er ld
= 242 N
e lu nt ns co
Ans.
th inc de f i es
of rk ( stu e o tat
ity o g us d S
te is ss th ite
in f th se for Un
gr w in e
th t o a ly by
y ar d le d
ro p an o te
st ny s d s ec
de f a rse de ot
s
ill o u vi pr
w le co ro is
sa eir is p rk
th d wo
an his
e
T
*2140.
Determine the length of the connecting rod AB by first y

formulating a Cartesian position vector from A to B and
then determining its magnitude.
30
A B
SOLUTION 5 in.
x
O
rAB = [16 - (- 5 sin 30)]i + (0 - 5 cos 30) j
16 in.
= {18.5 i - 4.330 j} in.
rAB = 2(18.5)2 + (4.330)2 = 19.0 in. Ans.
. We or
m W ina g
b)
ed e n
in
no W iss ea s
itt id tio
is e D t w
t p or em ch
d th g. in t la
an on in rs h
k g rn to rig
or in a uc y
w d le tr p
er ld
e lu nt ns co
th inc de f i es
of rk ( stu e o tat
ity o g us d S
te is ss th ite
in f th se for Un
gr w in e
th t o a ly by
y ar d le d
ro p an o te
st ny s d s ec
de f a rse de ot
s
ill o u vi pr
w le co ro is
sa eir is p rk
th d wo
an his
e
T
2141.
Determine the x and y components of F1 and F2. y
45
F1 200 N
30
SOLUTION
F1x = 200 sin 45 = 141 N Ans. F2 150 N
x
F1y = 200 cos 45 = 141 N Ans.
F2x = - 150 cos 30 = - 130 N Ans.
F2y = 150 sin 30 = 75 N Ans.
. We or
m W ina g
b)
ed e n
in
no W iss ea s
itt id tio
is e D t w
t p or em ch
d th g. in t la
an on in rs h
k g rn to rig
or in a uc y
w d le tr p
er ld
e lu nt ns co
th inc de f i es
of rk ( stu e o tat
ity o g us d S
te is ss th ite
in f th se for Un
gr w in e
th t o a ly by
y ar d le d
ro p an o te
st ny s d s ec
de f a rse de ot
s
ill o u vi pr
w le co ro is
sa eir is p rk
th d wo
an his
e
T
2142.

direction, measured counterclockwise from the positive
x axis.
45
F1 200 N
30
SOLUTION
+R FRx = Fx; FRx = - 150 cos 30 + 200 sin 45 = 11.518 N F2 150 N
x
Q+ FRy = Fy; FRy = 150 sin 30 + 200 cos 45 = 216.421 N
FR = 2 (11.518)2 + (216.421)2 = 217 N Ans.
216.421
u = tan - 1 = 87.0 Ans.
11.518
. We or
m W ina g
b)
ed e n
in
no W iss ea s
itt id tio
is e D t w
t p or em ch
d th g. in t la
an on in rs h
k g rn to rig
or in a uc y
w d le tr p
er ld
e lu nt ns co
th inc de f i es
of rk ( stu e o tat
ity o g us d S
te is ss th ite
in f th se for Un
gr w in e
th t o a ly by
y ar d le d
ro p an o te
st ny s d s ec
de f a rse de ot
s
ill o u vi pr
w le co ro is
sa eir is p rk
th d wo
an his
e
T
2143.
Determine the x and y components of each force acting on

the gusset plate of the bridge truss. Show that the resultant F1 200 lb
force is zero.
5
3 4
F2 400 lb
SOLUTION x
F4 300 lb 3
5 y
4 F3 300 lb
F1x = -200 lb Ans.
F1y = 0 Ans.
4
F2x = 400 a b = 320 lb Ans.
5
3
F2y = -400 a b = -240 lb Ans.
. We or
5
m W ina g
b)
ed e n
in
no W iss ea s
itt id tio
is e D t w
t p or em ch
3
d th g. in t la
F3x = 300 a b = 180 lb Ans.
5
an on in rs h
k g rn to rig
4 or in a uc y
w d le tr p
er ld
F3y = 300 a b = 240 lb
e lu nt ns co
Ans.
5
th inc de f i es
of rk ( stu e o tat
F4x = -300 lb Ans.

ity o g us d S
te is ss th ite
F4y = 0 Ans.
in f th se for Un
gr w in e
FRx = F1x + F2x + F3x + F4x

th t o a ly by
y ar d le d
FRx = -200 + 320 + 180 - 300 = 0

ro p an o te
st ny s d s ec
de f a rse de ot
FRy = F1y + F2y + F3y + F4y

s
ill o u vi pr
w le co ro is
FRy = 0 - 240 + 240 + 0 = 0

sa eir is p rk
th d wo
Thus, FR = 0
an his
e
T
*2144.
Express F1 and F2 as Cartesian vectors. y

F2 = 26 kN
12 13
5
x
SOLUTION
F1 = -30 sin 30 i - 30 cos 30 j
= 5 - 15.0 i - 26.0 j6 kN Ans. 30
5 12 F1 = 30 kN
F2 = - 1262 i + 1262 j
13 13
= - 10.0 i + 24.0 j kN Ans.
. We or
m W ina g
b)
ed e n
in
no W iss ea s
itt id tio
is e D t w
t p or em ch
d th g. in t la
an on in rs h
k g rn to rig
or in a uc y
w d le tr p
er ld
e lu nt ns co
th inc de f i es
of rk ( stu e o tat
ity o g us d S
te is ss th ite
in f th se for Un
gr w in e
th t o a ly by
y ar d le d
ro p an o te
st ny s d s ec
de f a rse de ot
s
ill o u vi pr
w le co ro is
sa eir is p rk
th d wo
an his
e
T
2145.

F2 = 26 kN
direction measured counterclockwise from the positive
x axis.
12 13
5
x
SOLUTION
+ F = F ; 5
: Rx x FRx = - 30 sin 30 - 1262 = - 25 kN
13
30
12
+ c FRy = Fy ; FRy = - 30 cos 30 + 1262 = -1.981 kN F1 = 30 kN
13
FR = 21 - 2522 + 1- 1.98122 = 25.1 kN Ans.
1.981
f = tan-1 a b = 4.53
25
. We or
u = 180 + 4.53 = 185 Ans.
m W ina g
b)
ed e n
in
no W iss ea s
itt id tio
is e D t w
t p or em ch
d th g. in t la
an on in rs h
k g rn to rig
or in a uc y
w d le tr p
er ld
e lu nt ns co
th inc de f i es
of rk ( stu e o tat
ity o g us d S
te is ss th ite
in f th se for Un
gr w in e
th t o a ly by
y ar d le d
ro p an o te
st ny s d s ec
de f a rse de ot
s
ill o u vi pr
w le co ro is
sa eir is p rk
th d wo
an his
e
T
2146.
The cable attached to the tractor at B exerts a force of 350 lb z

on the framework. Express this force as a Cartesian vector.
35 ft F 350 lb
SOLUTION
r = 50 sin 20i + 50 cos 20j - 35k y
20
r = {17.10i + 46.98j - 35k} ft 50 f
t B
r = 2(17.10)2 + (46.98)2 + ( - 35)2 = 61.03 ft
x
r
u = = (0.280i + 0.770j - 0.573k)
r
F = Fu = {98.1i + 269j - 201k} lb Ans.
. We or
m W ina g
b)
ed e n
in
no W iss ea s
itt id tio
is e D t w
t p or em ch
d th g. in t la
an on in rs h
k g rn to rig
or in a uc y
w d le tr p
er ld
e lu nt ns co
th inc de f i es
of rk ( stu e o tat
ity o g us d S
te is ss th ite
in f th se for Un
gr w in e
th t o a ly by
y ar d le d
ro p an o te
st ny s d s ec
de f a rse de ot
s
ill o u vi pr
w le co ro is
sa eir is p rk
th d wo
an his
e
T
2147.

resultant F = F1 + F3 and then forming FR = F + F2. F1 80 N
Specify its direction measured counterclockwise from the F3 50 N
positive x axis.
30
30
SOLUTION 45
F = 2(80)2 + (50)2 - 2(80)(50) cos 105 = 104.7 N x
sin f sin 105

= ; f = 47.54
80 104.7
FR = 2(104.7)2 + (75)2 - 2(104.7)(75) cos 162.46
FR = 177.7 = 178 N Ans.
sin b sin 162.46

= ; b = 10.23
104.7 177.7
. We or
m W ina g
b)
ed e n
u = 75 + 10.23 = 85.2 Ans.
in
no W iss ea s
itt id tio
is e D t w
t p or em ch
d th g. in t la
an on in rs h
k g rn to rig
or in a uc y
w d le tr p
er ld
e lu nt ns co
th inc de f i es
of rk ( stu e o tat
ity o g us d S
te is ss th ite
in f th se for Un
gr w in e
th t o a ly by
y ar d le d
ro p an o te
st ny s d s ec
de f a rse de ot
s
ill o u vi pr
w le co ro is
sa eir is p rk
th d wo
an his
e
T
*2148.
If u = 60 and F = 20 kN, determine the magnitude of the y

resultant force and its direction measured clockwise from 50 kN
the positive x axis.
5
3
4
x
u
2
SOLUTION 1
1
F
+ F = F ; 4 1
: Rx x FRx = 50a b + (40) - 20 cos 60 = 58.28 kN
5 22 40 kN
3 1
+ c FRy = Fy ; FRy = 50a b - (40) - 20 sin 60 = -15.60 kN
5 22
FR = 2(58.28)2 + (- 15.60)2 = 60.3 kN Ans.
15.60
f = tan - 1 B R = 15.0 Ans.
58.28
. We or
m W ina g
b)
ed e n
in
no W iss ea s
itt id tio
is e D t w
t p or em ch
d th g. in t la
an on in rs h
k g rn to rig
or in a uc y
w d le tr p
er ld
e lu nt ns co
th inc de f i es
of rk ( stu e o tat
ity o g us d S
te is ss th ite
in f th se for Un
gr w in e
th t o a ly by
y ar d le d
ro p an o te
st ny s d s ec
de f a rse de ot
s
ill o u vi pr
w le co ro is
sa eir is p rk
th d wo
an his
e
T
2149.
The hinged plate is supported by the cord AB. If the force z

in the cord is F = 340 lb, express this force, directed from
B
A toward B, as a Cartesian vector. What is the length of
the cord?
12 ft
SOLUTION
Unit Vector: F y
rAB = 510 - 82i + 10 - 92j + 112 - 02k6 ft 8 ft

x A
9 ft
= 5-8i - 9j + 12k6 ft
rAB = 21- 822 + 1 - 922 + 122 = 17.0 ft Ans.
rAB - 8i - 9j + 12k 8 9 12
uAB = = = - i - j + k
rAB 17 17 17 17
. We or
Force Vector:
m W ina g
b)
ed e n
in
no W iss ea s
itt id tio
is e D t w
t p or em ch
d th g. in t la
8 9 12
F = FuAB = 340 e - i - j + k f lb
an on in rs h
17 17 17
k g rn to rig
or in a uc y
= - 160i - 180j + 240k lb
w d le tr p
er ld
Ans.
e lu nt ns co
th inc de f i es
of rk ( stu e o tat
ity o g us d S
te is ss th ite
in f th se for Un
gr w in e
th t o a ly by
y ar d le d
ro p an o te
st ny s d s ec
de f a rse de ot
s
ill o u vi pr
w le co ro is
sa eir is p rk
th d wo
an his
e
T

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21.

Determine the magnitude of the resultant force FR = F1 + F2 y

Applying the law of consines to Fig. b,

FR = 27002 + 4502 - 2(700)(450) cos 45

= 497.01 N = 497 N Ans.

If the magnitude of the resultant force is to be 500 N, y

Applying the law of cosines to Fig. b,

F = 25002 + 7002 - 2(500)(700) cos 105

= 959.78 N = 960 N Ans.

sin (90 + u) sin 105

f = 55.40 + 30 = 85.4 Ans.

Resolve the force F1 into components acting along the u and

F1u = 205 N Ans.

F1v = 160 N Ans.

Resolve the force F2 into components acting along the u and

F2u = 376 N Ans.

F2v = 482 N Ans.

Trigonometry: Using the law of sines (Fig. b), we have

FAB = 448 N Ans.

Parallelogram Law: The parallelogram law of addition is shown in Fig. a.

Trigonometry: Using the law of sines (Fig. b), we have F 30

FAB = 314 lb Ans.

Resolve F1 into components along the u and v axes and v

Resolve F2 into components along the u and v axes and v

The force acting on the gear tooth is F = 20 lb. Resolve b

The component of force F acting along line aa is required to b

Applying the law of cosines to Fig. b,

F = 25002 + 6502 - 2(500)(650) cos 105

sin u sin 105

Force F acts on the frame such that its component acting B

Applying the law of cosines to Fig. b,

FBC = 28502 + 6502 - 2(850)(650) cos 30

= 433.64 lb = 434 lb Ans.

sin (45 + f) sin 30

The plate is subjected to the two forces at A and B as FA 8 kN

Trigonometry: Using law of cosines (Fig. b), we have

FR = 282 + 62 - 2(8)(6) cos 100

sin u sin 100

Determine the angle of u for connecting member A to the FA 8 kN

Trigonometry: Using law of sines (Fig .b), we have

sin (90 - u) sin 50

Determine the design angle u (0 u 90) for strut AB 400 lb A

u = 53.46 = 53.5 Ans.

c = 180 - 40 - 53.46 = 86.54

FAB = 621 lb Ans.

Determine the design angle f (0 f 90) between 400 lb A

FAC = 24002 + 6002 - 2(400)(600) cos 30 = 322.97 lb

The angle f can be determined using law of sines (Fig. b).

Determine the magnitude and direction of the resultant y

F = 2(20)2 + (30)2 - 2(20)(30) cos 73.13 = 30.85 N

FR = 2(30.85)2 + (50)2 - 2(30.85)(50) cos 1.47 = 19.18 = 19.2 N Ans.

Determine the magnitude and direction of the resultant y

FR = 2(47.07)2 + (30)2 - 2(47.07)(30) cos 13.34 = 19.18 = 19.2 N Ans.

Two forces act on the screw eye. If F1 = 400 N and F1

8002 = 4002 + 6002 - 480000 cos (180 - u)

cos (180 - u) = - 0.25

u = 75.52 = 75.5 Ans.

Two forces F1 and F2 act on the screw eye. If their lines of F1

FR = 2(F)2 + (F)2 - 2(F)(F) cos (180 - u)