EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 14081-4

NORME EUROPENNE
EUROPISCHE NORM November 2005

ICS 79.040; 79.120.10

English Version

Timber structures - Strength graded structural timber with

rectangular cross section - Part 4: Machine Grading -Grading
machine settings for machine controlled systems

Structures en bois - Bois de structure de section Holzbauwerke - Nach Festigkeit sortiertes Bauholz fr
rectangulaire class selon le rsistance - Partie 4: tragende Zwecke mit rechteckigem Querschnitt - Teil 4:
Classement par machine - Rglages pour les systmes de Maschinelle Sortierung - Einstellungen von
contrle par machine Sortiermaschinen fr maschinenkontrollierte Systeme

This European Standard was approved by CEN on 26 August 2005.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.

This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official
versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,
Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia,
Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.

EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION

COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG

Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels

2005 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 14081-4:2005: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
EN 14081-4:2005 (E)

Contents Page

Foreword ..........................................................................................................................................................3
1 Scope ...................................................................................................................................................4
2 Normative references .........................................................................................................................4
3 Terms and definitions.........................................................................................................................4
4 Symbols ...............................................................................................................................................4
5 Settings for timber strength grading machines................................................................................5

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 EN 14081-4:2005 (E)

Foreword
This European Standard (EN 14081-4:2005) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 124
Timber structures, the secretariat of which is held by SFS.

This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by May 2006, and conflicting national standards shall be
withdrawn at the latest by August 2007.

Other parts of this European Standard are

EN 14081-1, Timber structures - Strength graded structural timber with rectangular cross section - Part
1: General requirements

EN 14081-2, Timber structures - Strength graded structural timber with rectangular cross section - Part
2: Machine Grading - Additional requirements for initial type testing

EN 14081-3, Timber structures - Strength graded structural timber with rectangular cross section - Part
3: Machine Grading - Additional requirements for factory production control

According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy,
Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia,
Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.

3
EN 14081-4:2005 (E)

1 Scope
This European Standard gives settings, derived according to the requirements given in EN 14081-2,
for various combinations of strength classes or grades, grading machines and species from particular
sources of growth. These settings are only applicable to timber from the sources indicated in the tables.

2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this European Standard.
For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the
referenced document (including any amendments) applies.

EN 336, Structural timber Sizes, permitted deviations

EN 14081-1:2005, Timber structures - Strength graded structural timber with rectangular cross section -
Part 1: General requirements

EN 14081-2:2005, Timber structures - Strength graded structural timber with rectangular cross section -
Part 2: Machine Grading - Additional requirements for initial type testing

3 Terms and definitions

For the purpose of this European Standard the terms and definitions in EN 14081-1:2005 and EN
14081-2:2005 and the following apply.

3.1 Speed range

maximum and minimum throughput speeds appropriate to the critical speed for the derived settings
(see 6.2.2 of EN 14081-2:2005).

4 Symbols

a deflection (in mm)

b width of timber cross section (in mm)

F force (units as stated)

I indicating property (units as stated)

P pressure (units as stated)

t thickness of timber cross section (in mm)

Et,mean characteristic mean tensile modulus of elasticity parallel to

grain (in N/mm2)

ft,k characteristic tensile strength (in N/mm2)

k characteristic value of density (in kg/m3)

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 EN 14081-4:2005 (E)

subscripts

n for setting being calculated

a actual size measured as the average dimension of a batch

5 Settings for timber strength grading machines

Tables 1 to 6 give settings for certain grades, timber species and types of grading machine.

Settings for other grades, species or grading machines shall be added when the relevant information is
sent to, and assessed by, CEN/TC 124.

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EN 14081-4:2005 (E)

Table 1 Settings for Cook Bolinder (Tecmach) machine types SG-AR, SG-AF and SG-TF
Source Source Species Permitted Gradec) or Model Feed Comments and additional
country marka) timber grade value speed requirements
or sizesb) Combination Range
countries (mm) (m/min)

UK GB Spruce 35 tn C24 F = 2,68 150 max Minimum temperature of timber at

Ireland IE Picea 75 C16 F = 2,27 time of grading shall be 10 oC.
abies 60 bn C16 F = 1,24 150 max The following equations shall be
Picea 300 used to calculate settings for the
sitchensis target size bn x tn. (Note. For
Pine 35 tn C24 F = 2,79 150 max timber with a thickness to
Pinus 75 C16 F = 1,90 tolerance class 1, i.e. sawn, tn in
nigra 60 bn C16 F = 1,34 150 max the following equations is the
Pinus 300 target tn + 1 mm).
sylvestris
Chile CL Radiata 44 tn C27 F = 2,48 150 max an = 830,7 tn-1,299
pine 50 C16 F = 1,64
Pn = 4,412 Fn / tn0,61
Pinus 60 bn C24 F = 2,35 150 max
radiata 300 C16 F = 1,92 Fbn t n1.701
Fn = (kN)
(413,9t n + 572 73)
a)
See 7.3 of EN 14081-1:2005.
b)
Timber sizes shall be to EN 336.
c)
Grades prefixed by C are strength classes given in EN 338.

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 EN 14081-4:2005 (E)

Table 1 Settings for Cook Bolinder (Tecmach) machine types SG-AR, SG-AF and SG-TF (continued)
Source Source Species Permitted Grade c) Model Feed Comments and additional
country marka) timber or grade value speed requirements
or sizesb) Combina- Range
countries (mm) tion (m/min)
Estonia EE Spruce 30 tn 75 C18 fmod= 20,8 150 max Air temperature to be +10 oC
Finland FI Picea 60 bn C24 fmod= 20,8 min. +35 oC max.
Latvia LV abies 300 C27 fmod= 21,8 Minimum timber temperature to
Norway NO Pine C30 fmod= 28,5 be 10 oC.
Russiad) RU Pinus C24 fmod= 20,0 Maximum relative humidity to
Sweden SE Sylvestris C35 be 85 %.
fmod= 46,5
Timber mean moisture content
C18 fmod= 23,8 to be > 10 %.
C30 fmod= 30,6 The following equations shall
C40 fmod= 54,5 be used to calculate settings for
the target size bn x tn. (Note.
For timber with a thickness to
tolerance class 1, i.e. sawn, tn
in the following equations is the
target tn + 1 mm).

Fn = (5,5I n n bntn3)10-9 (N)

an = 830,7 tn-1,299

422 8 0.79
In=
0 , 22
f
0 , 24 mod
t n bn
a)
See 7.3 of EN 14081-1:2005.
b)
Timber sizes shall be to EN 336.
c) Grades prefixed by C are strength classes given in EN 338.

d)
Settings apply only to timber grown west of the Ural mountain range in Russia.

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EN 14081-4:2005 (E)

Table 1 Settings for Cook Bolinder (Tecmach) machine types SG-AR, SG-AF and SG-TF (continued)
Source Source Species Permitted Gradec) Model Feed Comments and additional requirements
country or marka) timber or grade value speed
countries sizesb) combina- Range
(mm) tion (m/min)

Spain ES Scots pine 35 tn 75 C27 F = 2,84 100 max Minimum temperature of timber at time of
Pinus 60 bn grading shall be -10 oC.
Sylvestris 300 C16 F = 1,71 The following equations shall be used to
calculate settings for the target size bn x tn.
(Note. For timber with a thickness to tolerance
class 1, i.e. sawn, tn in the following equations
is the target tn + 1 mm).
an = 830,7 tn-1,299
Pn = 4,412 Fn / tn0,61

Fbn t n1.701
Fn = (kN)
(413,9t n + 572 73)
Spain ES Corsican 40 tn 70 C30 Not relevant 100 max Minimum temperature of timber at time of
pine 100bn as all grading shall be
Pinus nigra 200 settings -10 oC.
C18 shall be The following equations shall be used to
calculated calculate settings for the target size bn x tn.
using (Note. For timber with a thickness to tolerance
equations in class 1, i.e. sawn, tn in the following equations
comments is the target tn + 1 mm).
column an = 830,7 tn-1,299
Pn = 4,412 Fn / tn0,61
FnC30 = (96,2979 0,489321tn)anbntn3 /
(1,3189433.109 )
3
FnC18 = (54,4979 0,489321tn)anbntn /
(1,3189433.109 )
a)
See 7.3 of EN 14081-1:2005.
b)
Timber sizes shall be to EN 336.
c) Grades prefixed by C are strength classes given in EN 338.

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 EN 14081-4:2005 (E)

Table 2 Settings for Computermatic and Micromatic machines

Source Source Species Permitted Gradec) Model Feed Comments and additional
country or marka) timber or grade Value speed requirements
b)
countries sizes combinati Deflec- Range
(mm) on tion a (m/min)
(mm)
UK GB Spruce 35 tn 75 C24 6,35 105 max Minimum temperature of timber
Ireland IE Picea 60 bn C16 7,49 at time of grading shall be 10
o
abies 300 C.
Picea C16 13,78 105 max The following equations shall be
sitchensis used to calculate settings for the
Pine 35 tn 75 C24 6,10 105 max target size bn x tn. (Note. For
Pinus 60 bn C16 8,97 timber with a thickness to
nigra 300 tolerance class 1, i.e. sawn, tn in
Pinus C16 12,74 105 max the following equations is the
sylvestris target tn + 1 mm).
Chile CL Radiata 44 tn 50 C27 6,89 105 max Actual deflection settings are
pine C16 10,37 determined from an/0,19 rounded
Pinus 60 bn C24 7,25 105 max to the nearest whole number.
radiata 300 C16 8,88 Refer to calibration tables for
machine to convert Force Fn to
pressure setting
Fn = 0,0101 bn tn2

36,71a (0,005 67t n + 0,784 6 )

an =
( )
t n 0,985 1 10 5 t n bn + 0,91

a)
See 7.3 of EN 14081-1:2005.
b)
Timber sizes shall be to EN 336.
c) Grades prefixed by C are strength classes given in EN 338.

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EN 14081-4:2005 (E)

Table 2 Settings for Computermatic and Micromatic machines (continued)

Source Source Species Permitted Gradec) or Model value Feed speed Comments and additional requirements
country or mark a) timber grade Deflection range
b)
countries Sizes combination a (m/min)
(mm) (mm)

Finland, FI Spruce, 30 tn C24 9,82 105 max Equation (2) shall be used to calculate settings for
Norway, NO Picea Abies 75 C27 6,21 the target size tn x bn. where tn and bn are target
Sweden, SE Pine 60 bn 300 dimensions.
C30 4,75
Estonia. ES Pinus Actual deflection settings an shall be rounded to
Latvia LV Sylvestris C35 3,40 the nearest whole number.
Russiad) RU C27 5,85 If the actual thickness ta exceeds the target
C16 8,92 thickness tn more than 1 mm then the pressure
3
C30 4,75 ta
C18 9,82 shall be increased by .
C30 4,46 tn
C24 5,49 To convert from stress to force Fn use equation
C18 8,92 (1). Refer to calibration tables for machine to
C35 3,40 convert Fn to pressure setting.
C24 5,49
C18 8,92 Fn = 0,010 1bn t n2 (1)
C40 2,85
C27 5,85
0 , 0901
50a t n 0,186 bn
an = 0,19 (2)
t n 50 150

Requirements for grading:

Air temperature 10 C 50 C
Relative humidity in the air < 85 %
Timber temperature > -10 C
Timber mean moisture content > 10 %
a)
See clause 7.3 of EN14081-1:2005.
b)
Timber sizes shall be to EN 336.
c) Grades prefixed by C are strength classes given in EN 338.

d)
Settings apply only to timber grown west of the Ural mountain range in Russia.

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 EN 14081-4:2005 (E)

Table 3 Settings for Raute Timgrader machines

Source Source Species Permitted Gradec) fmod Comments and additional requirements
country or marka) timber or grade for calc. of
countries sizesb)(mm) combina- settings
tion
Finland FI Spruce 30 tn 75 C40 50,8 Requirements for grading:
Norway NO Picea 60 bn 225 C30 40,6 Air temperature between 10 C and 50 C
Sweden SE abies C24 31,3 Timber temperature greater than -10 C
Estonia. ES C18 21,6 Air relative humidity less than 85 %
Latvia LV C35 43,4 Timber mean moisture content greater than 10 %
Russiad) RU C27 31,7 Feed speed between 48 m/min and 124 m/min
C18 21,6
Pine 30 tn 75 C40 50,8 The following equation shall be used to calculate settings
Pinus 60 bn 225 C30 40,6
sylvestris C24 31,3 1, 749 1, 259
C18 21,6 Fn = 0,000 524t n bn 0 , 727
f mod a
C35 43,4
C27 31,7 where Fn is the indicating property in N (to obtain the
C18 21,6 indicating property in kilopound Fn shall be divided by 9,81), tn
is the target thickness in mm, bn is the target width in mm
(Note: For timber with a thickness to tolerance class 1, i.e.
sawn, tn in the above equation is the target tn + 1 mm). and
fmod is given in the 6th column of this table for each grade. a
is the pre-set deflection in mm and shall be:
a = 1,3 mm for 70 t 75 mm
a = 1,4 mm for 61 t 69 mm
a = 1,5 mm for 54 t 60 mm
a = 1,6 mm for 47 t 53 mm
a = 1,7 mm for 44 t 46 mm
a = 1,8 mm for 41 t 43 mm
a = 1,9 mm for 38 t 40 mm
a = 2,0 mm for 36 t 37 mm
a = 2,1 mm for 34 t 35 mm
a = 2,2 mm for 32 t 33 mm
a = 2,3 mm for 30 t 31 mm
a)
See clause 7.3 of EN14081-1:2005.
b)
Timber sizes shall be to EN 336.
c) Grades prefixed by C are strength classes given in EN 338.

d)
Settings apply only to timber grown west of the Ural mountain range in Russia.

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EN 14081-4:2005 (E)

Table 4 Settings for Euro-GreComat 702 and GoldenEye 702

Source Source Species Permitted Gradec) or Settings Comments and additional requirements
country mark a) timber size b) grade Predicted strength
or [mm] combina- [N/mm]
countries tion

Germany DE Spruce 30 tn 55 L 35 L 35: IP 34 These grades apply to boards for glued laminated timber.
Austria AT Picea abies 80 bn 280 L 24 L 24: 34 > IP 21 The characteristic values of the grades are:
Fir L 35:
Abies alba t,k = 21,0 N/mm
Et,mean = 13 000 N/mm
k = 400 kg/m

L 24:
t,k = 14,0 N/mm
Et,mean = 11 000 N/mm
k = 350 kg/m

Requirements for grading:

Timber temperature greater than 0 C

Timber mean moisture content between 7 % and 15 %
Feed speed between 80 m/min and 300 m/min
Timber surface planed or sawn

UK GB Spruce 35 tn 80 C16 C16: IP 21.7 Requirements for grading:

Ireland IE Picea 70 bn 260
abies Timber temperature greater than 0 C
Picea Timber mean moisture content between 10 % and 30 %
sitchensis Feed speed between 80 m/min and 300 m/min
Timber surface planed or sawn

The moisture content shall be measured by a Brookhuis

FMI In-line system
a)
see 7.3 of EN 14081-1:2005.
b)
Timber sizes shall be to EN 336.
c) Grades prefixed by C are strength classes given in EN 338.

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 EN 14081-4:2005 (E)

Table 5 Settings for Euro-GreComat 704

Source Source Species Permitted Grade c) Settings Comments and additional requirements
country or mark a) timber size b) or grade Predicted strength
countries [mm] combination [N/mm]
Germany DE Spruce 18 tn 55 L 40 L 40: 40 IP These grades apply to boards for glued laminated timber.
Austria AT (Picea abies) 80 bn 280 L 35 L 35: 31 IP < 40
Fir L 24 L 24: 19 IP < 31 The characteristic values of the grades are:
(Abies alba) L 16 L 16: 14 IP < 19 L 40:
t,k = 26,0 N/mm
Et,mean = 14 000 N/mm
k = 420 kg/m

L 35:
t,k = 21,0 N/mm
Et,mean = 13 000 N/mm
k = 400 kg/m

L 24:
t,k = 14,0 N/mm
Et,mean = 11 000 N/mm
k = 350 kg/m

L 16:
t,k = 10,0 N/mm
Et,mean = 8 000 N/mm
k = 350 kg/m

Requirements for grading:

Timber temperature greater than 0 C
Timber mean moisture content between 7 % and 15 %
Feed speed between 80 m/min and 120 m/min
Surface planed
a)
see 7.3 of EN 14081-1:2005.
b)
Timber sizes shall be to EN 336.
c) Grades prefixed by C are strength classes given in EN 338.

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EN 14081-4:2005 (E)

Table 6 Settings for Dynagrade machine

Source Source Species Permitted Grade c) Settings Comments and additional requirements
country or mark a) timber sizes or grade I
b)
countries combination (machine units)
(mm)

Finland FI Spruce 34 tn C24 4 300 000

Norway NO Picea Abies 75 Actual setting, I is given in machine units and it is not
Sweden SE Pine C24 5 010 000
60 bn 300 effected by the timber dimensions.
Estonia ES Pinus C16 4 350 000
Latvia LV Sylvestris Requirements for grading:
Russiad) RU C27 5 080 000
Air temperature 10 C 50 C
C27 5 230 000 Relative humidity in the air < 85 %
C16 4 350 000 Timber temperature > -10 C
Timber mean moisture content between 10% and 16%
C30 6 480 000
C30 6 480 000
Where timber has a mean moisture content between
C18 4 350 000 16% and 20% with a minimum value of 14% and a
maximum value of 22% then the settings shall be
C30 6 980 000
calculated according to equation (1) and rounded to 3
C24 4 800 000 significant digits
C30 6 520 000
I 18 = I 0,073 8 I (1)
C24 5 970 000
C18 4 490 000
C35 7 780 000
C24 5 560 000
C18 5 000 000
a)
See 7.3 of EN 14081-1:2005.
b)
Timber sizes shall be to EN 336.
c) Grades prefixed by C are strength classes given in EN 338.

d)
Settings apply only to timber grown west of the Ural mountain range in Russia.

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 EN 14081-4:2005 (E)

Table 6 Settings for Dynagrade machine (continued)

Source Source Species Permitted Grade c) Settings Comments and additional requirements
country or mark a) timber sizes b) or grade I
countries (mm) combination (machine units)

Finland FI Pine 30 tn 75 C24 4 180 000

Norway, NO Pinus 60 bn 225 C24 5 150 000 Actual setting, I is given in machine units and it is not
Sweden, SE Sylvestris C16 4 180 000 effected by the timber dimensions.
Estonia, ES
Latvia LV C27 4 730 000
Requirements for grading:
Russiad) RU C27 5 330 000 Air temperature 10 C 50 C
C16 4 180 000 Relative humidity in the air < 85 %
C30 5 500 000 Timber temperature > -10 C
Timber mean moisture content between 10% and
C30 5 500 000 16%
C18 4 180 000
C30 6 250 000 Where timber has a mean moisture content between
C24 5 150 000 16% and 20% with a minimum value of 14% and a
maximum value of 22% then the settings shall be
C30 5 840 000 calculated according to equation (1) and rounded to
C24 5 580 000 3 significant digits.
C18 4 550 000
C35 6 470 000 I 18 = I 0,073 8I (1)
C24 5 220 000
C18 4 550 000
a)
See 7.3 of EN 14081-1:2005.
b)
Timber sizes shall be to EN 336.
c) Grades prefixed by C are strength classes given in EN 338.

d)
Settings apply only to timber grown west of the Ural mountain range in Russia.

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EN 14081-4:2005 (E)

Table 6 Settings for Dynagrade machine (continued)

Source Source Species Permitted Grade or Settings Comments and additional requirements
country or mark a) timber sizes b) grade I
countries (mm) combination (machine units)

Finland, FI Spruce, 40 tn 45 LS18 5 230 000 These settings apply for glulam laminations.
Norway, NO Picea Abies 95 bn 195 Actual setting, I is given in machine units and it is not
Sweden, SE Pine, LS22 6 590 000
effected by the timber dimensions.
Estonia, ES Pinus LS11 4 300 000
Latvia LV Sylvestris Requirements for grading:
Russiac) RU LS22 6 650 000 Air temperature 10C 50 C
LS15 4 850 000 Relative humidity in the air < 85 %
Timber temperature > -10 C
Timber mean moisture content > 10 %
LS26 7 170 000 Characteristic values of the grades:
LS15 4 300 000 Class LS11 LS15 LS18 LS22 LS26

Tension 11 14,5 18 22 26
strength
(MPa)

MOE in 9 000 11 000 12 000 13 000 14 000

tension
(MPa)

Densityd) 320 350 370 390 410

(kg/m3)
a)
See 7.3 of EN 14081-1:2005.
b)
Timber sizes shall be to EN 336.
c) d)
Settings apply only to timber grown west of the Ural mountain range in Russia. The density values are indicative only and were not taken into account when calculating settings.

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