IC SENSOR
Object:- To understand the working of IC Sensor as temperature transducer and also
plot the graph of characteristics.
Discussion and fundamentals:- IC AD590 is a semiconductor (active sensor) and act
as a temp dependent current source. The current is generated as a function of
temperature in degree kelvin (1 micro kelvin per degree kelvin) The IC sensor is
placed in closed vicinity of the oven so as to sense the temperature easily. As the
temperature rises the IC draws current from the +5 V supply 15 K and 10 K pot. The
10 K pot is used to keep oven on off at room temperature. By moving pot from
minimum (0 K) to maximum 10 K. The current can be varied from 0.33 mA to 0.2
mA. Therefore can be used to set room temp current of AD590 so as to have oven
off as the temperature rises, the sensor draws more current from the supply. So as
to higher temperature (above preset room temperature) the remaining current need
is fulfilled from the feedback resistance Rf, (82 K) of Op-Amp. The additional current
drawn through the Rf, represented as if, is in direction shown. This inverting Op-Amp
is used as the current to voltage convertor whose output is (+ If *Rf) and is applied
to the Op-Amp 4, which works as a comparator. AS the temperature rises the output
of Op-Amp 1 becomes more positive. This output is compared with the voltage set
across at the point resistors, which varies as per rotary switch selected for different
temperatures. The oven remains ON until op-amp 4 gets the negative voltage at its
inverting terminal. The output of op-amp1 increase with temperature, the voltage at
the inverting terminal of Op-Amp 4 rises the positive and its output becomes
negative switching the oven OFF for that particular temperature set point value.
This way the controlling of temperature is done for giving set point in a closed a
loop control (ON-OFF controller.)
Please note that there will be variation between temperature set and actually
reached due to inherent offset error in ON/OFF control scheme. Without error being
present, O/P cant be driver ON/OFF.
PROCEDURE
The circuit diagram for IC Sensor as shown below. Connect the test setup as shown
in fig.
Switch on the power supply. Calibrate the AD590 using the calibration pot (P5). Set
P5 in such a way at room temperature oven remains off, check LED off.
Note :-
1) Dont touch P5 pot once oven has began hitting up. Set it only when it truly
cold (at Room temperature) else wait till it cools back.
2) Set P5 in such a way that the oven just remains ON indicated by red LED
glowing.
Measure the current using DMM at 2 V range from 1 mA tag. A resistance of 1 K
is connected in series with the sensor. So the measured volts multiplied by 1000
gives the temperature in degree kelvin. Ignore the (ve) sign of reading which is
because other end of 1 K is at virtual ground. Temperature in degree C is
obtained as
*C = *K -273
Set the different temperature values using 2 poles 6 way selector switch. The
AD590 sense this temperature values and its output is used to switch on or off
the mini oven at that particular temperature.
The op-Amp 3, is a non-inverting summer with gain. This will convert O/P f op-
amp (which is proportional to sensor current above room temp, only ) into
voltage (with P5 set properly once ) at temp read tag when measured in volt *
100 equals to degree Centigrade directly. The 10 K (P5) is set such as that at
room temp 25 *C. The temperature read voltage will be 0.25 V or 0.55 V at 55
degree Celsius. The measured voltage at temp retag multiplied with 100 gives
temp. in degree centigrade. This is a On/Off type temp control very similar to
proportional control (with very high gain) hence you will observe offset error
between the last column of table 8.1.1 as compare to set temp. column. Note
down the voltage at Ima at various temp. readings in the following table.
Note : 1. Multiply third column (Ima in volt) by 1000 the subtract 273 to get *c
(measured)
2. Multiply last column (min. ,max. in volt ) by *100 to obtain temp. in
degree Celsius
PROCEDURE
1. Make the wiring connection as given in wiring schedule.
2. Before making ON the MIT-6 pannel ensure pot P5 (CAL for ON/OFF
controller )and (CAL for RTD OR TH)are at CCW (Min.)position
3. Put the power supply to MIT-6 pannel
4. Adjust Vref=10.3 Vat tag no.20 using P2
5. Adjust pot P5 such that the oven just turns on indicated by red LED glowing
6. Above setting is required to calibrate AD590 and thermistor,RTD.
7. Now measure temp. (in the form of voltage) at temp. read tag with DMM on
20V range
8. You will observe the voltage at temp. read tag is increasing and will reach up
to the set point selected .(+/_ 0.02V is allowable range) i.e. for 55*C set point
the temp. read tag may show 0.53V or 0.57V.with in this range voltage the
oven becomes off indicating set point temp. and actual oven temp. are nearly
equal .
9. At this point measure voltage at O/P-S or different sensor i.e. RTD O/P ,
thermistor O/P , AD590 O/P (Ima tag)
10.Take above set of reading at different set point say 65*C , 75*C ,85*C ,95*C
etc. and fill the observation table provided.
Switch posn. Set temp.in Voltage at Temp. read volt *100 C
degree 0*C Ima tag Min. Max.
Posn.1
Posn.2
Posn.3
Posn.4
Posn.5
Note. 1. Its offset error we are talking about and not offset voltage.
2. While shifting from one to another without cooling off , may give
wrong result because hot sensor (thermistor) will show different initial
resistance.
CONCLUSION
As the temp. Increases current through IC sensor increases proportionally.
KEY OR NEW WORDS
Transducer:- The device WHICH senses the physical parameter and convert it in
electric form
Passive Transducer:- the transducer that require an external excitation source to
give the output.
RTD:- Resistor temperature detector.
PT-100:- platinum100
NTC:- negative temperature coefficient
Kelvin:- temp. Measurement *k=*c+273
Equipments required
1. DC power supply +/- 12 V
2. Voltmeter- 2V
3. Panel no.- MIT6
