ENGLISH 11 UNIT 16 : THE WONDERS OF THE

WORLD
READING : 4)Terrace /ters/ (n): a ..........., ..
..... area, especially outside a house or
VOCABULARY : restaurant, where you can sit, eat and enjoy
...
1)Persist /psst/ (v): to to do
something despite difficulties or opposition, in 5)Irrigate /ret/ (v): to .......... to
a way that can seem an area of land through pipes or channels so
that crops will grow.
Ex:..
6)Pump /pmp/ (n) : a machine that is used to
. (n)
liquid, gas or air .. or . of
.(adj)
something
2)Archaeologist /kildst/ (n, person) : a
7)Reign /ren/ (n): the period during which
person who studies ...........
somebody is in charge of an organization, a
. (n) : the study of cultures of
team, etc.
the past, and of periods of history by
examining the remains of buildings and objects 8)Console /knsl/ (v) : to give . or
found in the ground .... to somebody who is . or
.(adj) disappointed.
. (n) : a flat surface which
3)Ziggurat /zrt/ (n): in ancient contains all the controls and switches for a
Mesopotamia, with steps going up the machine, a piece of electronic equipment, etc
, sometimes with a temple at the

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 .(adj) : flow .............................. and
intended to make somebody in .....................................
who is unhappy or disappointed through something or into
feel better. something.
9)Greenery (n):
/rinri/ Synonym: trickle
attractive green..and. 14)Chamber /temb(r)/ (n):
......... a ....................... used for the
Ex: The room was decorated particular purpose that is
with flowers and greenery. mentioned.
10)Concur /knkr/ (v) : to 15)Thrive /rav/ (v): to become,
..... or have the same and continue to be, successful,
. (other strong, healthy, etc.
meanings : If two or more Synonym: flourish
events concur, they happen at .(adj)
the same time.) 16)Postulate /pstlet/ (v/n) : to
Ex : The new report concurs ............................................ that
with previous findings. something is ............... so that it
. (n) can be used as the basis for a
.(adj) theory, etc.
11)Vaulted /vltd/ (adj): made Synonym: posit
in the ................ of an arch or a
series of arches; having
a .........................
or .................... of this shape a
vaulted ceiling/cellar.
(n) : roof/ceiling in form
of an arch or series of arches.
(v)
Hanging
12)Layer /le(r)/ (n) : a quantity
Gardens of
or ...................... of something Babylon
that lies over a surface or
ANCIENT GARDEN, BABYLON,
between surfaces
MESOPOTAMIA
13)Seep /sip/ (v) : + adv./prep. A. Hanging Gardens of Babylon,
(especially of liquids) to gardens considered one of the
Seven Wonders of the World and
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 thought to be located near the gardens were located near the
royal palace in Babylon. By the royal palace and were set upon
beginning of the 21st century, vaulted terraces. They were also
the site of the Hanging Gardens described as having been
had not yet been conclusively watered by an exceptional
established. Nevertheless, many system of irrigation and roofed
theories persisted regarding the with stone balconies on which
structure and location of the were layered various materials,
gardens. Some researchers such as reeds, bitumen, and
proposed that these were lead, so that the irrigation water
rooftop gardens. Another theory, would not seep through the
popularized by the writings of terraces. Although no certain
British archaeologist Sir Leonard traces of the Hanging Gardens
Woolley, suggested that the have been found, a German
gardens were built within the archaeologist, Robert Koldewey,
walls of the royal palace at did uncover an unusual series of
Babylon, the capital of Babylonia foundation chambers and vaults
(now in southern Iraq), and did in the northeastern corner of the
not actually hang but were palace at Babylon. A well in one
instead up in the air; that is, of the vaults may have been used
they were roof gardens laid out in conjunction with a chain pump
on a series of ziggurat terraces and thus was thought perhaps to
that were irrigated by pumps be part of the substructure of
from the Euphrates River. the once towering Hanging
Traditionally, they were thought Gardens.
to be the work either of the C. Research in the late 20th and
semilegendary Queen Sammu- early 21st centuries suggested
ramat (Greek Semiramis, mother that popular theories holding
of the Assyrian king Adad-nirari that the Hanging Gardens had
III, who reigned from 810 to 783 once thrived in Babylon atop a
bce) or of King Nebuchadrezzar rooftop or terraced ziggurat
II (reigned c. 605c. 561 bce), were perhaps misconceptions.
who built them to console his Instead, a later theory
Median wife, Amytis, because postulated that, owing to
she missed the mountains and confusion among Classical
greenery of her homeland. sources, the Hanging Gardens
B. The Hanging Gardens were might well have been those
described in detail by a number constructed by Sennacherib
of Classical authors. Though (705/704681 bce) at Nineveh.
some sources disagreed on who This research suggested that the
built them, a number of gardens were laid out on a
descriptions concurred that the sloping construct designed to
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 imitate a natural mountain ______________________________________
landscape and were ___________________________
watered by a novel ___________________________
system of irrigation, ___________________________
perhaps making early ___________________________
use of what would ____________________
eventually be known as 8) What did Robert
the Archimedes screw. Koldewey discover in the
royal palace at Babylon?
Artists re-creation of ________________________
the Hanging Gardens
Question 1-5 : Are of Babylon. _________________________
these statements _________________________
True/False/Not given ? ____________________________________
Question 9) What was the name of the irrigation
technique mentioned in the later
1) Not until the beginning of the 21st theory of the gardens?
century had the site of the Hanging ______________________________________
Gardens been conclusively established _______________________________________
2) Researchers mostly agreed that the
________________________________
Hanging Gardens were actually rooftop
chambers. LISTENING :
3) Robert Koldewey, a German
You are going to see a video
archaeologist, suggested that the
gardens were built within the walls of
about The Great Wall of
the Babylons royal palace. China - one of the seven
4) The reading passage did not greatest wonders of the world.
mention the designer of the Hanging Listen carefully and answer the
Gardens. following questions :
5) King Nebuchadrezzar II built the
PART
Hanging Gardens in order to please his 1 : MULTIPLE
wifes love for gardening. CHOICES :
Question 6-9 : Answer these short 1)How long is The Great Wall
questions :
estimated to be ?
6) What kind of construction of the
A. 13.000 kilometers.
gardens were believed to imitate a
B. 13.000 miles.
natural mountain landscape? C. 13.000 feets.
______________________________________
________________ 2)What is The Great Wall made
7) Describe how the gardens had been from ?
watered? A. Earth.
B. Rocks.
C. Both are correct.
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3)When was The Great Wall C. 3700 miles
first build ? 8)What is the main purpose of
A. Han Dynasty. the Great Wall today ?
B. Ming Dynasty. A. Military training.
C. None of the above. B. Cultural Purposes.
4)Which of these are the two C. Defense against invasions.
ends of The Long Wall ? PART 2 :
A. Lintao & Liaodong. TRUE/FALSE/NOT GIVEN
B. Lintao & Bohai Sea.
C. Dunhuang & Bohai Sea. :
Question Tru
5)When did Qin Shi Huang
9)China was being incorporated with
unify the states ?
Mongolia as the same time as the
A. 220 BCE. Qing Dynasty was being established.
B. 221 BCE. 10)The Great Wall keeps China safer.
C. 221 AD.
11)The Great Wall is the only man-
6)Who managed to surmount
made structure visible in the space.
the wall ? 12)The Great Wall was granted the
A. Khublai Khans son World Heritage status by UNESCO for
B. Genghiss father many times.
C. Khublai Khans father 13)The Great Wall looks like a dragon
7)How long was the Great Wall made from earth and stone.
under the Han Dynasty ?
A. 5500 miles.
B. 5500 kilometers.

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