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    Exp 1 Discussion and Conclusion

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    Marybeth Hope
    This experiment determined the concentration of iron in a sample using a single-beam spectrophotometer. Iron forms complexes with phenanthroline that absorb at 508 nm. Standards were used to generate a calibration curve to determine iron concentrations in an unknown sample and water sample. The water sample's iron concentration of 1.1 mg/L exceeded limits set by the EPA and Philippine government. Errors could be reduced by using deionized water and ensuring blank solutions are the same.

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    Exp 1 Discussion and Conclusion

    Uploaded by

    Marybeth Hope
    3K views2 pages
    This experiment determined the concentration of iron in a sample using a single-beam spectrophotometer. Iron forms complexes with phenanthroline that absorb at 508 nm. Standards were used to generate a calibration curve to determine iron concentrations in an unknown sample and water sample. The water sample's iron concentration of 1.1 mg/L exceeded limits set by the EPA and Philippine government. Errors could be reduced by using deionized water and ensuring blank solutions are the same.

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    Analytical Chem Lab

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    This experiment determined the concentration of iron in a sample using a single-beam spectrophotometer. Iron forms complexes with phenanthroline that absorb at 508 nm. Standards were used to generate a calibration curve to determine iron concentrations in an unknown sample and water sample. The water sample's iron concentration of 1.1 mg/L exceeded limits set by the EPA and Philippine government. Errors could be reduced by using deionized water and ensuring blank solutions are the same.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    3K views2 pages

    Exp 1 Discussion and Conclusion

    Uploaded by

    Marybeth Hope
    This experiment determined the concentration of iron in a sample using a single-beam spectrophotometer. Iron forms complexes with phenanthroline that absorb at 508 nm. Standards were used to generate a calibration curve to determine iron concentrations in an unknown sample and water sample. The water sample's iron concentration of 1.1 mg/L exceeded limits set by the EPA and Philippine government. Errors could be reduced by using deionized water and ensuring blank solutions are the same.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 2

    In this experiment, the concentration of iron was determined with the use of a

    single-beam spectrophotometer.

    Metal complexes do not form in strongly acidic solution. On the other hand, most
    metals form insoluble metal hydroxides in basic solutions. For these reasons the iron determination
    using phenanthroline is carried out in a slightly acidic solution by the addition of concentrated sulfuric acid.

    Sodium acetate was used as a buffer to maintain a slightly acidic pH.

    In most water samples, iron exists in its oxidized form, Fe(III), due to the
    presence of oxygen. Since it is the Fe(II) species that forms the complex with
    orthophenanthroline, a reduction was carried out by the addition of hydroxylamine
    hydrochloride:

    4Fe3+ + 2NH2OHHCL 4Fe2+ + N2O + 4H+ + H2O

    The absorbances of the prepared standards were measured using a single-


    beam spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 508 nm where maximum absorbance
    is observed. The concentration of the standards was computed and a curve was
    plotted (absorbance vs concentration). A sample calculation in the determination of
    the concentration of the standard is shown in Calculation (2). The plot is shown in
    Figure 1.

    The best fitting line was obtained with the use of least-squares method. The
    equation of the best fitting line was used to determine the concentration of the
    unknown and the water sample. The equation the best fitting line is shown in Figure
    1.

    The concentration of the unknown and the water sample was determined by
    substituting the absorbance in the equation of the best fitting line. A sample
    calculation is shown in Calculations (3) and (4).

    The obtained concentrations in Calculations (3) and ( 4) were substituted in


    the Calculations (6) and (5), respectively, to account for the dilution and to compute
    for the actual concentrations.

    The obtained concentration of the water sample was compared with the
    established limits and the absolute error was calculated. The obtained concentration
    of the water sample is 0.9 units higher than the secondary maximum contaminant
    level (SMCL) value set by the US EPA. The obtained concentration of the water
    sample is 0.2 units higher than the maximum limit set by the Philippine
    government.

    and the blank solution used in measuring the absorbances of the solutions.
    The blank solution used in measuring the absorbances of the water sample and the
    Unknown sample was not the same as the blank solution used in the measurement
    of the absorbance of the standards. This was due to the late preparation of the
    water and Unknown samples and the limited number of spectrophotometers in the
    laboratory.

    ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS

    CONCLUSION

    In this experiment Fe2+ is made to react with orthophenantrholine to form a


    colored complex ion. The intensity of the colored species was measured using a
    single-beam spectrophotometer. A calibration curve was constructed and the
    concentrations of the Unknown solution and water sample were determined.

    The equation of the constructed calibration curve is:

    Absorbance = 0.2451Conc. - 0.0008136

    The coefficient of determination (R2) of the constructed curve is 0.9997,


    indicating an excellent linearity.

    The concentration of the Unknown sample was calculated; the dilution


    accounted, and found to be 9.14 mg/L.

    The concentration of the water sample was calculated; the dilution


    accounted, and found to be 1.1 mg/L. the calculated value is 0.8 units higher than
    the limit established by the US EPA and 0.1 units higher than the limit established
    by the Philippine government.

    To eliminate the errors committed in the experiment that contributed to the


    high concentration of iron in the water sample, de-ionized water should be used to
    quantitatively clean the glasswares and to dilute the solutions and the blank
    solution should be the same in the measurement of the absorbance of the
    standards and of the samples.

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