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Notebook 1

This document contains notes on derived units, base units, and radiologic units used in medical imaging. It defines units such as the gray (Gy) for absorbed dose, sievert (Sv) for dose equivalent, becquerel (Bq) for radioactivity, and roentgen (R) for exposure. It also defines radiographic terms like grid ratio, grid frequency, and contrast improvement ability. The document provides formulas and explanations for exposure maintenance using the inverse square law, magnification factors, minification gain, flux gain, and total brightness gain.

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49 views

Notebook 1

This document contains notes on derived units, base units, and radiologic units used in medical imaging. It defines units such as the gray (Gy) for absorbed dose, sievert (Sv) for dose equivalent, becquerel (Bq) for radioactivity, and roentgen (R) for exposure. It also defines radiographic terms like grid ratio, grid frequency, and contrast improvement ability. The document provides formulas and explanations for exposure maintenance using the inverse square law, magnification factors, minification gain, flux gain, and total brightness gain.

Uploaded by

api-338661748
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Notebook1 SammyPuccini

DerivedUnits
Qty Unit Symbols British Formula Definition
Unit
Absorbed Gray Gy Rad 100ergsof 1jouleofenergy
dose energy absorbedineachkgof
absorbed absorbingmaterial
in1gof
absorbing
material
Charge coulomb C Esu Cationsoranions
Electric Volt v Amtofelectric
potential potentialenergy
Dose Sievert Sv Rem Remx.01 Abosorbeddoseatapt
equivalent intissue
Energy Joule J Ft/lb

Exposure Coulomb/kilogra c/kg Roentgen Qtyofxraystoproduce


m agivenamtofcharge
inaunitmassofair
Frequency Hertz Hz Cycles Ratethatsomething
per occurs
second
Force Newton N

Magnetic Weber Wb Field Measuresstrengthof


flux strength magneticfield
dividedby
area
Magnetic Tesla T gauss MRI=.32 Measuresstrengthof
fluxdensity Tor3,000 magneticfield
to20,000
G
Power Watt W Forcex Therateenergyis
velocity converted
Radioactivit bequerel Bq curie Numberofnuclear
y disintegrationsperunit
time
BaseUnits

Quantity Unit Abbreviatio Formula Definition


n
Mass kilogram kg 23.4g=.0234kg Amtofmatter
Length meter m 32.6cm=.326m Distancelight
travelsinvacuum
Time second s vibrationsof
cesium133atoms
ElectricCurrent ampere A 6.24x10^18 Flowofelectric
electronspers= charge
A
Temperature kelvin K Tempincreases, Degreeofintensity
motionofatoms ofheat
increases
Amtofsubstance Mole mol

LuminousIntensity candela cd 50,000photons Poweremittedby


permm62must alightsource
exitobjectto
create
radiographic
image

RadiologicUnit
Qty SIUnit Symbol Formula Definition
Exposure Coulomb C/kg Rx Qtyofxrays
perkg (2.58x10^4) toproducea
givenamtof
chargeina
unitmassof
air
Absorbed gray Gy Radx.01 1jouleof
dose energy
absorbedin
eachkgof
absorbing
material
Dose sievert Sv Remx.01 Abosorbed
equivalent doseatapt
intissue
activity becquerrel Bq Cix(3.7x Qtyof
10^10) radioactive
material

Semester2

Gridratio:leadstripheight/interspacewidth=h/d
Inverserelationshipbetweendistancebetweenleadstripsandgridratiowhenheightof
gridstripsremainsthesame

Gridfrequency:numberofgridlinesperinchorcm.mostcommonare85103
lines/inch
Higherfrequenciesmeansthinnerleadstrips

Gridconversionfactor:increaseswithhighergridratioandincreasingkvp.Calculates
amountofmAsneeded.
GCF=mAswiththegrid/mAswithoutthegrid

Whenconvertingonegridratiotoanother:mAs1/mAs2=GCF1/GCF2
mAs1:originalmAs,mAs2:newmAs,GCF1:orginialgridconversationfactor,GCF2:
newgridconversionfactor

selectivity=%primaryradiationtransmitted/%scatterradiationtransmitted
thebetteragridisatremovingscatter,thegreatertheselectivity

ContrastImprovementAbility(K)=
radiographiccontrastwiththegrid/radiographiccontrastwithout
thehighertheKfactor,thegreaterthecontrastimprovement

opticaldensitynumbers(numbersdisplayedbydensitometer)
OD=log10(IO/It)
IO=intensityofincidentlight,It=intensityoftransmittedlight

Opacity(abilityoffilmtostoplight)=IO/IT

Deviationindex:differencebetweenactualexposure(Kind)andtargetexposure(Ktgt)
DI=10xlog10[Kind/Ktgt]

Inversesquarelaw:I1/I2=D1^2/D2^2
I1:oldintensity,I2:newintensity,D1^2:olddistancesquared,D2^2:newdistance
squared
Exposuremaintenanceformula:maintainsIRexposure
mAs1/mAs2=D1^2/D2^2
mAs1:originalmAs,mAs2:newmAs,D1^2:olddistancesquared,D2^2:newdistance
squared

magnificationfactor:M=SID/SOD
O=I/M
O:objectsize,I:imagesize,M:magnificationfactor

Minificationgain=inputscreendiameter^2/outputscreendiameter^2
Resultofthesamenumberofelectronsproducedatalargeinputscreenbeing
compressedintoareaofsmalloutput

Fluxgain;measureofincreaseinlightphotonsduetoconversionefficiencyofoutput
screen

Totalbrightnessgain=minificationgainxfluxgain

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