N461 - Final Exam Study Guide - RN-BS - Spring 2017
N461 - Final Exam Study Guide - RN-BS - Spring 2017
N461 - Final Exam Study Guide - RN-BS - Spring 2017
The final exam will be on Tuesday, May 09, 2016 at 4:15 PM. You can expect to take
your exam via ExamSoft. Please arrive early (10 minutes or more prior to 415PM). Be
ready to take exam promptly at 415 PM. (Ready means that you have gone to the
restroom, turned your cell phone off, placed your belongings to the front of the class, and
that you are seated with your fully charged laptop and have exam ready to take on your
screen.). Late comers will not be given additional test time. Please refer to course
syllabus_ Accommodations for examinations section listed under course expectations.
Review the following study objectives under each listed organ system:
a. Vascular response
b. Cellular response;
3. Discuss the microscopic findings in inflammation and relate those to the macroscopic
manifestations of an inflammatory response;
6. Discuss each of the cell types involved in the inflammation response by role and
relative importance to the process (for example, macrophage, neutrophil, mast cell);
N461 Final Exam Study guide 2
10. Discuss the physiological basis of the stress response; the systems/organs involved,
the substances released, and their subsequent actions in the body (see illustrations
included in slide set): In other words: Know signs and symptoms of the effect of the
following substances: NE, E, GLUCOSE, CORTISOL, ADH, & ALDOSTERONE on the
body
(4) ENDO
5. Discuss the pathoschematic (causes, pathophysiology, signs & symptoms) of Graves
disease;
17. Identify the normal function of the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas and the action
of the hormones insulin and glucagon;
18. Discuss the similarities and differences between the two types of diabetes mellitus
(DM) type 1 and 2;
19. Discuss the pathophysiologic mechanisms and major clinical signs and symptoms and
laboratory findings expected in a person with diabetes mellitus (KNOW about TYPE
1 & TYPE 2); and
(4) CARDIAC
3. The vessel changes that occur in atherosclerosis;
12. The pathogenesis and clinical manifestations (signs and symptoms) of coronary artery
disease, chronic ischemic heart disease (partial blockage of blood flow to heart), and
acute coronary syndromes (partial or complete blockage of blood flow to heart); also,
know med management/treatment of angina and MI (just know whats listed on slide
and no more).
N461 Final Exam Study guide 3
13. The pathophysiologic mechanisms involved in heart failure (to include compensatory
mechanisms);
14. The clinical manifestations of the various types of heart failure (as delineated in
(4) RESP
5. The etiology, pathogenesis, and clinical manifestations of the following condition:
b. Pneumonia;
(2) GI
6. Study the clinical manifestations and pathophysiologic rationale for GERD
9. Know the major complications of liver dysfunction, liver failure: portal hypertension,
ascites, hepatic encephalopathy, jaundice. (i.e., Review slide labeled Dysfunctions seen
due to lack of normal functions in GI set; you can skip the parts about estrogen and MSH
levels. Also, review slides thats labeled In a nut-shell: Liver failure. Skip the special
considerations part)
(1) MS
(5) Renal
5. Understand the pathophysiology and signs and symptoms of lower urinary tract
infections (cystitis). Be aware of clinical manifestations in older adults;
N461 Final Exam Study guide 4
12. For leukemia, just know the basic patho and symptoms. Understand how the
symptoms relate to the patho
20 Neuro, Neuropsy 28 (please note: for neuropsy, I will focus your attention in lecture
on what you need to know as nurses. In addition to that, Ive added additional notes under
headings [in this studyguide] to clarify the specifics of what you need to know)
1. Have a general knowledge of the areas of the brain emphasized as being pertinent to
the topics covered (e.g., stroke);
2. Know the causes & pathophysiology of cerebral edema and know examples of the
pathophysiology producing each;
13. Discuss the causes and neurobiology, clinical manifestations, pharmacologic and
nonpharmacologic management of the following psychotic illness:
a. Schizophrenia:
i. Please note the following regarding the pathology:
1. Whats important to know here is that Gamma-
aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a neurotransmitter thats
reduced in schizophrenia (In the dorsal prefrontal cortex of
schizophrenic brains, glutamic acid decarboxylase, the
major enzyme in GABA biosynthesis, is diminished, which
likely impairs synaptic performance and cognitive and
behavioral functions associated with this brain region).
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ii. Also, know the nursing concerns for patients hospitalized with
Major Depression; teaching implications for patients taking
antidepressants in general and those taking MAOIs. In addition:
know about ECT (nursing responsibilities during the procedure,
medications administered during procedure, therapeutic effect of
procedure, and side effects of procedure); understand purpose of
cognitive behavioral therapy with depressed clients
1. Therapeutic effect of ECT: acts like a Tricyclic
antidepressant (TCA) which acts on monoamine
systems which improves dopaminergic, serotonergic, and
adrenergic neurotransmission
2. ECT is used when individuals fail to respond to
antidepressants or when they are severely depressed,
pregnant, suicidal, or psychotic
3. Know the common side effects of SSRIs
4. Know reason patients are advised to restrict foods
containing tyramine when taking MAOIs)
N461 Final Exam Study guide 7