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    IP Advanced - Clay and Shale

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    diego2887
    IP Advanced - Clay and Shale Advanced Determination of Clay and Shale calculations of Interactive Petrophysics

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    IP Advanced - Clay and Shale

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    diego2887
    639 views25 pages
    IP Advanced - Clay and Shale Advanced Determination of Clay and Shale calculations of Interactive Petrophysics

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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    IP Advanced - Clay and Shale Advanced Determination of Clay and Shale calculations of Interactive Petrophysics

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    639 views25 pages

    IP Advanced - Clay and Shale

    Uploaded by

    diego2887
    IP Advanced - Clay and Shale Advanced Determination of Clay and Shale calculations of Interactive Petrophysics

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 25

    IP Advanced Training

    Paul Spooner
    IP Product Champion
    Clay and Shale

    Whats the difference & why is it important?


    LIFTING THE FOG OF CONFUSION SURROUNDING
    CLAY AND SHALE IN PETROPHYSICS
    Paul Spooner, Senergy
    SPWLA 55th Annual Logging Symposium, May 18-22, 2014, paper VV

    Shale is a rock, typically defined as an indurated, finely laminated,


    sedimentary rock, composed primarily of clay, mud and silt.
    This definition does not describe the mineralogy but the grain size.
    In this definition, clay refers to clay sized particles, i.e. < 1/256 mm.

    Whilst clay can refer to grain size it can also refer to clay minerals, and it is
    the dual meaning of the word clay that is at the heart of the confusion in the
    industry.
    Clay minerals are a group of hydrous aluminium silicates with a sheet-like
    structure (phyllosilicates), which adsorb water on their surfaces.
    In shale, most of the clay sized particles are composed of clay minerals.
    LIFTING THE FOG OF CONFUSION SURROUNDING
    CLAY AND SHALE IN PETROPHYSICS
    Paul Spooner, Senergy
    SPWLA 55th Annual Logging Symposium, May 18-22, 2014, paper VV
    LIFTING THE FOG OF CONFUSION SURROUNDING
    CLAY AND SHALE IN PETROPHYSICS
    Paul Spooner, Senergy
    SPWLA 55th Annual Logging Symposium, May 18-22, 2014, paper VV
    LIFTING THE FOG OF CONFUSION SURROUNDING
    CLAY AND SHALE IN PETROPHYSICS
    Paul Spooner, Senergy
    SPWLA 55th Annual Logging Symposium, May 18-22, 2014, paper VV
    LIFTING THE FOG OF CONFUSION SURROUNDING
    CLAY AND SHALE IN PETROPHYSICS
    Paul Spooner, Senergy
    SPWLA 55th Annual Logging Symposium, May 18-22, 2014, paper VV
    LIFTING THE FOG OF CONFUSION SURROUNDING
    CLAY AND SHALE IN PETROPHYSICS
    Paul Spooner, Senergy
    SPWLA 55th Annual Logging Symposium, May 18-22, 2014, paper VV
    LIFTING THE FOG OF CONFUSION SURROUNDING
    CLAY AND SHALE IN PETROPHYSICS
    Paul Spooner, Senergy
    SPWLA 55th Annual Logging Symposium, May 18-22, 2014, paper VV
    LIFTING THE FOG OF CONFUSION SURROUNDING
    CLAY AND SHALE IN PETROPHYSICS
    Paul Spooner, Senergy
    SPWLA 55th Annual Logging Symposium, May 18-22, 2014, paper VV
    LIFTING THE FOG OF CONFUSION SURROUNDING
    CLAY AND SHALE IN PETROPHYSICS
    Paul Spooner, Senergy
    SPWLA 55th Annual Logging Symposium, May 18-22, 2014, paper VV
    LIFTING THE FOG OF CONFUSION SURROUNDING
    CLAY AND SHALE IN PETROPHYSICS
    Paul Spooner, Senergy
    SPWLA 55th Annual Logging Symposium, May 18-22, 2014, paper VV
    LIFTING THE FOG OF CONFUSION SURROUNDING
    CLAY AND SHALE IN PETROPHYSICS
    Paul Spooner, Senergy
    SPWLA 55th Annual Logging Symposium, May 18-22, 2014, paper VV
    LIFTING THE FOG OF CONFUSION SURROUNDING
    CLAY AND SHALE IN PETROPHYSICS
    Paul Spooner, Senergy
    SPWLA 55th Annual Logging Symposium, May 18-22, 2014, paper VV
    LIFTING THE FOG OF CONFUSION SURROUNDING
    CLAY AND SHALE IN PETROPHYSICS
    Paul Spooner, Senergy
    SPWLA 55th Annual Logging Symposium, May 18-22, 2014, paper VV
    LIFTING THE FOG OF CONFUSION SURROUNDING
    CLAY AND SHALE IN PETROPHYSICS
    Paul Spooner, Senergy
    SPWLA 55th Annual Logging Symposium, May 18-22, 2014, paper VV
    LIFTING THE FOG OF CONFUSION SURROUNDING
    CLAY AND SHALE IN PETROPHYSICS
    Paul Spooner, Senergy
    SPWLA 55th Annual Logging Symposium, May 18-22, 2014, paper VV
    Phi/Sw Vshale workflow

    IP has always explicitly been a


    Vclay program, but some users
    prefer to work with Vshale.

    This workflow allows Vshale


    users to work the way they want.

    It will also clarify the difference


    between clay and shale.

    In the Vclay module the


    Calculate Shale Volume option
    changes the default output curve
    names and all the labels for
    curves and parameters.
    Phi/Sw Vshale workflow

    In PhiSw the user defines


    whether the input curve is Vclay
    or a Vshale, there are new
    parameters and a new output
    curve Vshale.

    When creating a PhiSw


    parameter set for the first time it
    is sensitive to the Calculate
    Shale Volume in Vclay.
    Phi/Sw Vshale workflow

    In the Vclay module the user


    makes Wet Shale picks and
    outputs VSH curves.
    Phi/Sw Vshale workflow

    In PhiSw there are parameters


    and interactive picks for both Wet
    Shale and Wet Clay

    CSR (Clay Shale Ratio) converts


    between Vshale and Vclay.
    CSR is % of clay in the shale
    i.e. CSR = Vclay/Vshale

    Log Plot shows Vshale


    Phi/Sw Vshale workflow

    In the Shaley-Sand trend the computed


    porosity is exactly the same regardless of
    whether you use a Vshale or a Vclay workflow

    However, in the Shale trend the effective


    porosity will be too high as Vclay will be too
    low, unless you make CSR a variable curve

    It may be easier to pick the Shale Point

    ....but you still have to pick CSR

    ... and it is clay that matters


    Vsilt Index

    For a given volume of clay we


    expect the resultant Phie to be
    within a certain range.
    If the porosity is lower than this
    then something else must be
    reducing it.
    This is what the VSILT index
    represents.
    It indicates that the porosity is
    lower than expected given the
    Vclay. This could be cement silt
    or whatever.
    It is purely for display purposes
    and does not impact on porosity
    or Sw calculations.
    Limits and Bad Hole

    The effective porosity must be less than


    the porosity limit line.
    Phi Max is set to the maximum porosity in
    silt free sand. It is used to calculate the silt
    index. Delta Phi Max is then adjusted to
    remove unrealistic porosities.
    Vcl cutoff removes porosity in shales. It is
    useful for cleaning up an interpretation.
    Vcl cutoff can also be used to boost the
    Archie m parameter in shales, which
    removes unlikely hydrocarbon saturations
    in shales.
    Phi/Sw Grain Density

    A Grain Density curve can now be output, for


    plotting against core Grain Density data as a QC.

    RHOMA output curve is a clay


    corrected, clean matrix density.
    RHOMA may not match the core
    data very well as it is the whole rock,
    including the clays as well.
    GrainDen should match core better
    In clean rocks RHOMA = GrainDen

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